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Diffstat (limited to 'usr.sbin/sendmail/doc/changes/changes.ps')
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195 Q(oject)-.45 E F1(ABSTRA)262.085 227.4 Q(CT)-.4 E -1.11 -(Ve)112 243.6 S 1.709(rsion 8 of)1.11 F F2(sendmail)4.209 E F1 1.709 -(includes a number of major changes from pre)4.209 F 1.71(vious v)-.25 F -(ersions.)-.15 E .701(This paper gi)112 255.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.201(sav).15 G -.701(ery short history of)194.794 255.6 R F2(sendmail)3.201 E F1 3.201(,as)C .7 -(ummary of the major dif)329.82 255.6 R(ferences)-.25 E .953(between v)112 -267.6 R .954(ersion 5 \(the last publically a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .954 -(ilable v).25 F .954(ersion\) and v)-.15 F .954(ersion 8, and some dis-)-.15 F -(cussion of future directions.)112 279.6 Q .48 -(In 1987, the author stopped major w)97 324 R .48(ork on)-.1 F F2(sendmail)2.98 -E F1 .48(due to other time committments, only to return)2.98 F(to acti)72 336 Q -.3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ork in 1991.).05 E(This paper e)5 E(xplores wh)-.15 E 2.5 -(yw)-.05 G(ork resumed and what changes ha)277 336 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een made.).15 E .58(Section 1 gi)97 352.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.08(sas).15 G .58 -(hort history of)173.36 352.2 R F2(sendmail)3.08 E F1 .58(through v)3.08 F .58 -(ersion 5 and the moti)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .58(tion behind w).25 F .58 -(orking on)-.1 F -.15(ve)72 364.2 S .126(rsion 8.).15 F .126 -(Section 2 has a rather detailed description of what has changed between v) -5.126 F .125(ersion 5 and v)-.15 F .125(ersion 8.)-.15 F -(The paper \214nishes of)72 376.2 Q 2.5(fw)-.25 G -(ith some thoughts about what still needs to be done.)168.95 376.2 Q/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(1. HIST)72 400.2 R(OR)-.18 E(Y)-.35 E F1 .151 -(As discussed else)112 416.4 R .151 -(where, [Allman83a, Allman83b, Allman&Amos85] sendmail has e)-.25 F .151 -(xisted in v)-.15 F(ar)-.25 E(-)-.2 E .405(ious forms since 1980.)87 428.4 R -.405(It w)5.405 F .405(as released under the name)-.1 F F2(delivermail)2.905 E -F1 .404(in 4BSD and 4.1BSD, and as)2.905 F F2(send-)2.904 E(mail)87 440.4 Q F1 -(in 4.2BSD.)2.5 E(It quickly became the dominant mail system for netw)5 E(ork) --.1 E(ed UNIX systems.)-.1 E 1.569(Prior the release of 4.3BSD in No)112 456.6 -R -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.569(mber 1986, the author had left the Uni).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.57(rsity for pri).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(te).25 E(industry)87 468.6 Q -3.347(,b)-.65 G .847(ut continued to do some w)129.777 468.6 R .847(ork on)-.1 -F F2(sendmail)3.347 E F1 .847(with acti)3.347 F .846(vity slo)-.25 F .846 -(wly trailing of)-.25 F 3.346(fu)-.25 G .846(ntil ef)445.204 468.6 R(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E .255(stopping after February 1987.)87 480.6 R .255 -(There w)5.255 F .255(as minimal support done by man)-.1 F 2.756(yp)-.15 G .256 -(eople for se)389.796 480.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .256(ral years, until).15 F -(July of 1991 when the original author)87 492.6 Q 2.5(,w)-.4 G -(ho had returned the Uni)249.36 492.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E 2.5(,s)-.65 -G(tarted acti)379.4 492.6 Q .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ork on it ag).05 E(ain.)-.05 E -1.271(There were se)112 508.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.271(ral reasons for rene).15 F -1.271(wed w)-.25 F 1.271(ork on)-.1 F F2(sendmail)3.771 E F1 6.271(.T)C 1.271 -(here w)369.549 508.8 R 1.27(as a desire at Berk)-.1 F(ele)-.1 E 3.77(yt)-.15 G -(o)499 508.8 Q(con)87 520.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G .097 -(rt to a subdomained structure so that indi).15 F .098 -(viduals were identi\214ed by their subdomain rather than by)-.25 F 1.758 -(their indi)87 532.8 R 1.758(vidual w)-.25 F 1.758(orkstation; although possib\ -le in the old code, there were some problems, and the)-.1 F .66(author w)87 -544.8 R .66(as the ob)-.1 F .66(vious person to address them.)-.15 F .66 -(The Computer Systems Research Group \(CSRG\), the)5.66 F 1.89 -(group that produced the Berk)87 556.8 R(ele)-.1 E 4.39(yS)-.15 G(oftw)238.12 -556.8 Q 1.89(are Distrib)-.1 F 1.89(utions, w)-.2 F 1.89(as w)-.1 F 1.89 -(orking on 4.4BSD, and w)-.1 F 1.89(anted an)-.1 F .053 -(update to the mail system.)87 568.8 R .053(Bryan Costales w)5.053 F .053(as w) --.1 F .053(orking on a book on)-.1 F F2(sendmail)2.553 E F1 .053(that w)2.553 F -.053(as being re)-.1 F(vie)-.25 E(wed)-.25 E .923(by the author)87 580.8 R -3.423(,w)-.4 G .923(hich encouraged him to mak)154.359 580.8 R 3.422(es)-.1 G -.922(ome re)283.572 580.8 R 3.422(visions. And)-.25 F .922(the author w)3.422 F -.922(anted to try to unify)-.1 F(some of the disparate v)87 592.8 Q(ersions of) --.15 E F2(sendmail)2.5 E F1(that had been permitted to proliferate.)2.5 E .023 -(During the 1987\25591 f)112 609 R(allo)-.1 E 2.523(wp)-.25 G .023(eriod, man) -228.482 609 R 2.523(yv)-.15 G .023(endors and outside v)283.498 609 R .023 -(olunteers had produced v)-.2 F .024(ariants of)-.25 F F2(sendmail)87 621 Q F1 -5.518(.P)C .517(erhaps the best kno)136.688 621 R .517(wn is the ID)-.25 F -3.017(Av)-.4 G .517(ersion [ID)280.317 621 R 3.017(A87]. Originally)-.4 F .517 -(intended to be a ne)3.017 F 3.017(ws)-.25 G .517(et of)485.433 621 R .268 -(con\214guration \214les, ID)87 633 R 2.768(Ae)-.4 G .269(xpanded into a f) -189.464 633 R .269(airly lar)-.1 F .269(ge set of patches for the code.)-.18 F -.269(Originally produced in)5.269 F .471(Sweden, ID)87 645 R 2.971(Ad)-.4 G --2.15 -.25(ev e)149.472 645 T .471(lopment passed to the Uni).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G .471(rsity of Illinois, and w).15 F .47(as widely used by the f)-.1 F .47 -(airly lar)-.1 F(ge)-.18 E .077 -(set of people who prefer to get and compile their o)87 657 R .077 -(wn source code rather than use v)-.25 F(endor)-.15 E .078(-supplied bina-)-.2 -F(ries.)87 669 Q .32 LW 76 678.6 72 678.6 DL 80 678.6 76 678.6 DL 84 678.6 80 -678.6 DL 88 678.6 84 678.6 DL 92 678.6 88 678.6 DL 96 678.6 92 678.6 DL 100 -678.6 96 678.6 DL 104 678.6 100 678.6 DL 108 678.6 104 678.6 DL 112 678.6 108 -678.6 DL 116 678.6 112 678.6 DL 120 678.6 116 678.6 DL 124 678.6 120 678.6 DL -128 678.6 124 678.6 DL 132 678.6 128 678.6 DL 136 678.6 132 678.6 DL 140 678.6 -136 678.6 DL 144 678.6 140 678.6 DL 148 678.6 144 678.6 DL 152 678.6 148 678.6 -DL 156 678.6 152 678.6 DL 160 678.6 156 678.6 DL 164 678.6 160 678.6 DL 168 -678.6 164 678.6 DL 172 678.6 168 678.6 DL 176 678.6 172 678.6 DL 180 678.6 176 -678.6 DL 184 678.6 180 678.6 DL 188 678.6 184 678.6 DL 192 678.6 188 678.6 DL -196 678.6 192 678.6 DL 200 678.6 196 678.6 DL 204 678.6 200 678.6 DL 208 678.6 -204 678.6 DL 212 678.6 208 678.6 DL 216 678.6 212 678.6 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 -SF .045(*An earlier v)93.6 690.6 R .045(ersion of this paper w)-.12 F .044 -(as printed in the Proceedings of the 1994 A)-.08 F .044 -(UUG Queensland Summer T)-.44 F .044(echnical Conference,)-.56 F(Gate)72 700.2 -Q -.08(wa)-.2 G 2(yH).08 G(otel, Brisbane, March 1994.)107.928 700.2 Q F3 -(Changes in Sendmail V)72 756 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(1)499 756 Q EP -%%Page: 2 2 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 294.65(2C)72 60 S(hanges in Sendmail V)378.87 60 Q -(ersion 8)-1 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .151 -(In about the same time frame, attempts were made to clean up and e)112 96 R -.151(xtend the Simple Mail T)-.15 F(rans-)-.35 E .468 -(port Protocol \(SMTP\) [RFC821].)87 108 R .468(This in)5.468 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -(lv).2 E .469(ed clari\214cations of some ambiguities in the protocol, and)-.15 -F .085(correction of some problem areas [RFC1123], as well as e)87 120 R .084 -(xtensions for additional functionality \(dubbed)-.15 F 1.052 -(Extended Simple Mail T)87 132 R 1.053 -(ransport Protocol, or ESMTP\) [RFC1425, RFC1426, RFC1427] and a richer)-.35 F -1.376(set of semantics in the body of messages \(the Multipurpose Internet Mai\ -l Extensions, a.k.a. MIME\))87 144 R .497([RFC1521, RFC1344].)87 156 R .497 -(Neither the ID)5.497 F 2.998(Ag)-.4 G .498(roup nor most v)258.526 156 R .498 -(endors were modifying)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sendmail)2.998 E F1 .498 -(to conform)2.998 F 1.7(to these ne)87 168 R 4.2(ws)-.25 G 4.2(tandards. It) -148.23 168 R 1.699(seemed clear that these were `)4.2 F 1.699(`good things') --.74 F 4.199('t)-.74 G 1.699(hat should be encouraged.)394.483 168 R(Ho)87 180 -Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.635 -.4(r, s).15 H .835(ince no one w).4 F .835 -(as w)-.1 F .835(orking on a publically a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .835(ilable v).25 -F .836(ersion of)-.15 F F2(sendmail)3.336 E F1 .836(with these updates,)3.336 F -(the)87 192 Q 2.5(yw)-.15 G(ere unlik)113.79 192 Q(ely to be widely deplo)-.1 E -(yed an)-.1 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(ime in the near future.)274.25 192 Q .466 -(There are, of course, other mail transport agents a)112 208.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G -.465(ilable, such as).25 F F2 .465(MMDF zmailer smail)2.965 F F1(and)2.965 E F2 -(PP)2.965 E F1(Ho)87 220.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .842 -.4(r, n).15 H .042 -(one of these seemed to be g).4 F .043(aining the prominence of)-.05 F F2 -(sendmail)2.543 E F1 2.543(;i)C 2.543(ta)390.518 220.2 S .043 -(ppeared that most compa-)400.281 220.2 R .238(nies w)87 232.2 R .238 -(ould not con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .238(rt to another mail transport agent an) -.15 F 2.737(yt)-.15 G .237(ime in the forseeable future.)327.438 232.2 R(Ho) -5.237 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.037 -.4(r, t).15 H(he).4 E(y)-.15 E -(might be persuaded to con)87 244.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt to a ne).15 E(wer v)-.25 -E(ersion of)-.15 E F2(sendmail)2.5 E F1(.)A .841(All of these con)112 260.4 R -.841(vinced the author to w)-.4 F .841(ork on a updated v)-.1 F .841(ersion of) --.15 F F2(sendmail)3.342 E F1 .842(for public distrib)3.342 F(u-)-.2 E(tion.)87 -272.4 Q 1.024(The ne)112 288.6 R 3.524(wv)-.25 G 1.023(ersion of)155.858 288.6 -R F2(sendmail)3.523 E F1 1.023(is referred to as v)3.523 F 1.023 -(ersion eight \(V8\).)-.15 F -1.11(Ve)6.023 G 1.023(rsions six and se)1.11 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.523(nw).15 G(ere)491.79 288.6 Q 1.281 -(skipped because of an agreement that all \214les in 4.4BSD w)87 300.6 R 1.281 -(ould be numbered as \2318.1\232.)-.1 F 1.282(Rather than)6.282 F(ha)87 312.6 Q -2.05 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 4.25(ne).15 G 1.75(xternal v)127.76 312.6 R 1.75 -(ersion number that dif)-.15 F 1.75(fered from the \214le v)-.25 F 1.75 -(ersion numbers,)-.15 F F2(sendmail)4.25 E F1 1.75(just jumped)4.25 F -(directly to V8.)87 324.6 Q F0 2.5(2. CHANGES)72 348.6 R(IN VERSION EIGHT)2.5 E -F1 .138(The follo)112 364.8 R .139 -(wing is a summary of the changes between the last commonly a)-.25 F -.25(va) --.2 G .139(ilable v).25 F .139(ersion of send-)-.15 F(mail from Berk)87 376.8 Q -(ele)-.1 E 2.5(y\()-.15 G(5.67\) and the latest v)170.9 376.8 Q -(ersion \(8.6.6\).)-.15 E(Man)112 393 Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)142.68 393 S -(hese are ideas that had been tried in ID)151.29 393 Q(A, b)-.4 E(ut man)-.2 E -2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)363.27 393 S(hem were generalized in V8.)371.88 393 Q F0 -2.5(2.1. P)87 417 R(erf)-.2 E(ormance Enhancements)-.25 E F1 .549 -(Instead of closing SMTP connections immediately)127 433.2 R 3.049(,o)-.65 G -.549(pen connections are cached for possible)342.135 433.2 R .029(future use.) -102 445.2 R .029(There is a limit to the number of simultaneous open connectio\ -ns and the idle time of an)5.029 F(y)-.15 E(indi)102 457.2 Q -(vidual connection.)-.25 E 1.219(This is of best help during queue processing \ -\(since there is the potential of man)127 473.4 R 3.719(yd)-.15 G(if)474.82 -473.4 Q(ferent)-.25 E 1.113(messages going to one site\), although it can also\ - help when processing MX records which aren')102 485.4 R(t)-.18 E -(handled by MX Piggybacking.)102 497.4 Q 1.258(If tw)127 513.6 R 3.757(oh)-.1 G -1.257(osts with dif)161.075 513.6 R 1.257 -(ferent names in a single message happen to ha)-.25 F 1.557 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -1.257(he same set of MX).15 F .94(hosts, the)102 525.6 R 3.44(yc)-.15 G .94 -(an be sent in the same transaction.)153.45 525.6 R -1.11(Ve)5.94 G .94 -(rsion 8 notices this and tries to batch the mes-)1.11 F(sages.)102 537.6 Q --.15(Fo)127 553.8 S 3.638(re).15 G 1.138(xample, if tw)148.668 553.8 R 3.637 -(os)-.1 G 1.137(ites `)216.42 553.8 R(`foo.com')-.74 E 3.637('a)-.74 G 1.137 -(nd `)286.914 553.8 R(`bar)-.74 E(.com')-.55 E 3.637('a)-.74 G 1.137 -(re both serv)352.408 553.8 R 1.137(ed by UUNET)-.15 F 3.637(,t)-.74 G(he) -470.513 553.8 Q 3.637(yw)-.15 G(ill)495.66 553.8 Q(ha)102 565.8 Q .557 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H .257(he same set of MX hosts and will be sent in one transaction.) -.15 F .258(UUNET will then split the mes-)5.258 F(sage and send it to the tw) -102 577.8 Q 2.5(oi)-.1 G(ndi)213.28 577.8 Q(vidual hosts.)-.25 E F0 2.5 -(2.2. RFC)87 601.8 R(1123 Changes)2.5 E F1 2.607(An)127 618 S .107 -(umber of changes ha)141.827 618 R .407 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .106(een made to mak) -.15 F 2.606(es)-.1 G .106(endmail `)321.07 618 R .106 -(`conditionally compliant')-.74 F 2.606('\()-.74 G .106(that is, it)469.058 618 -R(satis\214es all of the MUST clauses and most b)102 630 Q -(ut not all of the SHOULD clauses in RFC 1123\).)-.2 E -(The major areas of change are \(numbers are RFC 1123 section numbers\):)127 -646.2 Q 26.5(\2475.2.7 Response)102 662.4 R .565(to RCPT command is f)3.065 F -3.065(ast. Pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E 3.065(,s)-.65 G .565(endmail e)362.295 -662.4 R .565(xpanded all aliases as f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E .686 -(as it could \212 this could tak)156 674.4 R 3.186(eav)-.1 G .685 -(ery long time, particularly if there were name serv)290.118 674.4 R(er)-.15 E -3.891(delays. V)156 686.4 R 1.391(ersion 8 only checks for the e)-1.11 F 1.392 -(xistence of an alias and does the e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E(later)156 698.4 Q -5.176(.I)-.55 G 2.676(td)184.226 698.4 S .176 -(oes still do a DNS lookup if there is an e)194.682 698.4 R .175 -(xplicit host name in the RCPT com-)-.15 F(mand, b)156 710.4 Q -(ut this time is bounded.)-.2 E EP -%%Page: 3 3 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Changes in Sendmail V)72 60 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(3)499 60 Q -/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 26.5(\2475.2.8 Numeric)102 96 R .612 -(IP addresses are logged in Recei)3.112 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .613(d: lines.).15 F -.613(This helps tracing spoofed mes-)5.613 F(sages.)156 108 Q 21.5 -(\2475.2.17 Self)102 124.2 R .127(domain literal is properly handled.)2.627 F -(Pre)5.126 E(viously)-.25 E 2.626(,i)-.65 G 2.626(fs)368.196 124.2 S .126 -(omeone sent to user@[1.2.3.4],)378.042 124.2 R .12 -(where 1.2.3.4 is your IP address, the mail w)156 136.2 R .12 -(ould probably be rejected with a `)-.1 F(`con\214gu-)-.74 E(ration error')156 -148.2 Q 2.5('. V)-.74 F(ersion 8 can handle these addresses.)-1.11 E 26.5 -(\2475.3.2 Better)102 164.4 R 1.189(control o)3.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(ri) -.15 G(ndi)240.088 164.4 Q 1.189(vidual timeouts.)-.25 F 1.189 -(RFC 821 speci\214ed no timeouts.)6.189 F 1.189(Older v)6.189 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 -E .002(sions of sendmail had a single timeout, typically set to tw)156 176.4 R -2.502(oh)-.1 G 2.502(ours. V)398.142 176.4 R .002(ersion 8 allo)-1.11 F .002 -(ws the)-.25 F(con\214guration \214le to set timeouts for v)156 188.4 Q -(arious SMTP commands indi)-.25 E(vidually)-.25 E(.)-.65 E 26.5 -(\2475.3.3 Error)102 204.6 R 1.06(messages are sent as From:<>.)3.56 F 1.059 -(This w)6.059 F 1.059(as ur)-.1 F 1.059(ged by RFC 821 and reiterated by)-.18 F -.237(RFC 1123, b)156 216.6 R .237(ut older v)-.2 F .237(ersions of sendmail ne) --.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.737(rr).15 G .237(eally did it properly)355.186 216.6 R -5.237(.V)-.65 G .238(ersion 8 does.)448.254 216.6 R(Ho)156 228.6 Q(we)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G 1.934 -.4(r, s).15 H 1.134 -(ome systems cannot handle this perfectly le).4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.633(la).05 G -1.133(ddress; if necessary)402.941 228.6 R 3.633(,y)-.65 G(ou)494 228.6 Q -(can create a special mailer that uses the `g' \215ag to disable this.)156 -240.6 Q 26.5(\2475.3.3 Error)102 256.8 R 3.212(messages are ne)5.712 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 5.712(rs).15 G 3.212(ent to <>.)275.628 256.8 R(Pre)8.213 E(viously)-.25 -E 5.713(,s)-.65 G 3.213(endmail w)383.028 256.8 R 3.213(as happ)-.1 F 5.713(yt) --.1 G 5.713(os)474.957 256.8 S(end)489.56 256.8 Q 6 -(responses-to-responses which sometimes resulted in responses-to-responses-to-) -156 268.8 R(responses which resulted in ....)156 280.8 Q(you get the idea.)5 E -26.5(\2475.3.3 Route-addrs)102 297 R .111(\(the ugly `)2.611 F -(`<@hosta,@hostb:user@hostc>')-.74 E 2.611('s)-.74 G .111(yntax\) are pruned.) -389.124 297 R .112(RFC 821)5.112 F(ur)156 309 Q 1.001 -(ged the use of this bletcherous syntax.)-.18 F 1 -(RFC 1123 has seen the light and of)6.001 F(\214cially)-.25 E 1.124 -(deprecates them, further ur)156 321 R 1.125(ging that you eliminate all b)-.18 -F 1.125(ut `)-.2 F(`user@hostc')-.74 E 3.625('s)-.74 G 1.125(hould you)462.595 -321 R(recei)156 333 Q 1.698 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 1.398(ne of these things.).15 F --1.11(Ve)6.398 G 1.398(rsion 8 is slightly more generous than the standards) -1.11 F .753(suggest; instead of stripping of)156 345 R 3.253(fa)-.25 G .753 -(ll the route addressees, it only strips hosts of)293.115 345 R 3.254(fu)-.25 G -3.254(pt)487.966 345 S(o)499 345 Q 1.29(the one before the last one kno)156 357 -R 1.289(wn to DNS, thus allo)-.25 F 1.289(wing you to ha)-.25 F 1.589 -.15 -(ve p)-.2 H(seudo-hosts).15 E(such as foo.BITNET)156 369 Q 5(.T)-.74 G -(he `R' option will turn this of)251.91 369 Q(f.)-.25 E -(The areas in which sendmail is not `)102 385.2 Q(`unconditionally compliant') --.74 E 2.5('a)-.74 G(re:)367.43 385.2 Q 26.5(\2475.2.6 Sendmail)102 401.4 R -(does do header munging.)2.5 E 21.5(\2475.2.10 Sendmail)102 417.6 R(doesn')3.2 -E 3.2(ta)-.18 G -.1(lwa)233.88 417.6 S .7(ys use the e).1 F .701 -(xact SMTP message te)-.15 F .701(xt from RFC 821.)-.15 F .701(This is a)5.701 -F(rather silly requirement.)156 429.6 Q 19(\2475.3.1.1 Sendmail)102 445.8 R -(doesn')3.512 E 3.512(tg)-.18 G 1.012 -(uarantee only one connect for each host on queue runs.)235.064 445.8 R -(Connec-)6.011 E(tion caching gi)156 457.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sy).15 G -(ou most of this, b)235.87 457.8 Q(ut it does not pro)-.2 E(vide a guarantee.) --.15 E 19(\2475.3.1.1 Sendmail)102 474 R(doesn')2.843 E 2.843(ta)-.18 G -.1 -(lwa)233.166 474 S .343(ys pro).1 F .343(vide an adequate limit on concurrenc) --.15 F 4.144 -.65(y. T)-.15 H .344(hat is, there can).65 F .757(be se)156 486 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .757(ral independent sendmails running at once.).15 F .757 -(My feeling is that doing an abso-)5.757 F 1.047(lute limit w)156 498 R 1.047 -(ould be a mistak)-.1 F 3.547(e\()-.1 G 1.048(it might result in lost mail\).) -284.302 498 R(Ho)6.048 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.848 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.548 -(fy).4 G 1.048(ou use the)461.354 498 R .801(XLA contrib)156 510 R .801 -(uted softw)-.2 F .801(are, most of this will be guaranteed \(b)-.1 F .801 -(ut I don')-.2 F 3.3(tg)-.18 G .8(uarantee the)454.61 510 R(guarantee\).)156 -522 Q F0 2.5(2.3. Extended)87 546 R(SMTP Support)2.5 E F1 -1.11(Ve)127 562.2 S -.154(rsion 8 includes both sending and recei)1.11 F .155 -(ving support for Extended SMTP support as de\214ned)-.25 F .229(by RFC 1425 \ -\(basic\) and RFC 1427 \(SIZE\); and limited support for RFC 1426 \(BOD)102 -574.2 R 2.729(Y\). The)-.55 F(body)2.729 E .275(support is minimal because the\ - \2318BITMIME\232 body type is not currently adv)102 586.2 R 2.776 -(ertised. Although)-.15 F(such)2.776 E 3.076(ab)102 598.2 S .576 -(ody type will be accepted, it will not be correctly con)114.516 598.2 R -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .576(rted to 7 bits if speaking to a non-8-bit-).15 F(MIME a)102 -610.2 Q -.1(wa)-.15 G(re SMTP serv).1 E(er)-.15 E(.)-.55 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(Sendmail)127 626.4 Q F1 .287(tries to speak ESMTP if you ha)2.787 F .588 --.15(ve t)-.2 H .288(he `a' \215ag set in the \215ags for the mailer descrip-) -.15 F(tor)102 638.4 Q 3.322(,o)-.4 G 3.322(ri)123.532 638.4 S 3.322(ft)132.964 -638.4 S .822(he other end adv)142.396 638.4 R .822(ertises the f)-.15 F .822 -(act that it speaks ESMTP)-.1 F 5.822(.T)-1.11 G .821 -(his is a non-standard adv)376.446 638.4 R(ertise-)-.15 E(ment:)102 650.4 Q F2 -(sendmail)2.98 E F1 .48(announces \231ESMTP spok)2.98 F .48 -(en here\232 during the initial connection message, and client)-.1 F .587 -(sendmails search for this message.)102 662.4 R .586 -(This creates some problems for some PC-based mailers, which)5.586 F -(do not understand tw)102 674.4 Q -(o-line greeting messages as required by RFC 821.)-.1 E EP -%%Page: 4 4 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 294.65(4C)72 60 S(hanges in Sendmail V)378.87 60 Q -(ersion 8)-1 E 2.5(2.4. Eight-Bit)87 96 R(Clean)2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -(Pre)127 112.2 Q 1.263(vious v)-.25 F 1.263 -(ersions of sendmail used the 0200 bit for quoting.)-.15 F 1.264(This v)6.264 F -1.264(ersion a)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.264(ids that use.).2 F(Ho)102 124.2 Q(we) --.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.119 -.4(r, y).15 H .318 -(ou can set option `7' to get se).4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.818(nb).15 G .318 -(it stripping for compatibility with RFC 821, which is)290.046 124.2 R 2.5(a7) -102 136.2 S(-bit protocol.)113.94 136.2 Q(This option says `)5 E -(`strip to 7 bits on input')-.74 E('.)-.74 E(Indi)127 152.4 Q .375 -(vidual mailers can still produce se)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.875(nb).15 G .376 -(it out put using the `7' mailer \215ag.)303.02 152.4 R .376(This \215ag says) -5.376 F -.74(``)102 164.4 S(strip to 7 bits on output').74 E('.)-.74 E F0 2.5 -(2.5. User)87 188.4 R(Database)2.5 E F1 1.926 -(The User Database \(UDB\) is an as-yet e)127 204.6 R 1.926 -(xperimental attempt to pro)-.15 F 1.925(vide uni\214ed lar)-.15 F(ge-site)-.18 -E .396(name support.)102 216.6 R 1.996 -.8(We a)5.396 H .396 -(re installing it at Berk).8 F(ele)-.1 E .396(y; future v)-.15 F .396 -(ersions may sho)-.15 F 2.897(ws)-.25 G .397(igni\214cant modi\214cations.) -406.373 216.6 R(Brie\215y)102 228.6 Q 3.583(,U)-.65 G 1.083 -(DB contains a database that is intended to contain all the per)142.433 228.6 R -1.082(-user information for your)-.2 F -.1(wo)102 240.6 S .172 -(rkgroup, such as people').1 F 2.673(sf)-.55 G .173 -(ull names, their .plan information, their outgoing mail name, and their)222.29 -240.6 R(mail drop.)102 252.6 Q .438(The user database allo)127 268.8 R .438 -(ws you to map both incoming and outgoing addresses, much lik)-.25 F 2.937(eI) --.1 G -.4(DA)487.46 268.8 S(.).4 E(Ho)102 280.8 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -1.799 -.4(r, t).15 H .999(he interf).4 F .999(ace is still better with ID)-.1 F -.999(A; in particular)-.4 F 3.499(,t)-.4 G 1 -(he alias \214le with incoming/outgoing)355.55 280.8 R(marks pro)102 292.8 Q -(vides better locality of information.)-.15 E F0 2.5(2.6. Impr)87 316.8 R -.1 -(ove)-.18 G 2.5(dB).1 G(IND Support)158.01 316.8 Q F1 .262 -(The BIND support, particularly for MX records, had a number of anno)127 333 R -.261(ying `)-.1 F(`features')-.74 E 2.761('w)-.74 G(hich)486.78 333 Q(ha)102 -345 Q 1.212 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .912(een remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.412(di).15 G -3.412(nt)187.116 345 S .912(his release.)198.308 345 R .912(In particular)5.912 -F 3.412(,t)-.4 G .912(hese more tightly bind \(pun intended\) the name)307.916 -345 R(serv)102 357 Q(er to sendmail, so that the name serv)-.15 E -(er resolution rules are incorporated directly into sendmail.)-.15 E .688 -(The major change has been that the $[ ... $] operator didn')127 373.2 R 3.188 -(tf)-.18 G .688(ully qualify names that were in)376.41 373.2 R -(DNS as A or MX records.)102 385.2 Q -1.11(Ve)5 G -(rsion 8 does this quali\214cation.)1.11 E .429(This has pro)127 401.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.929(nt).15 G 2.929(ob)197.147 401.4 S 2.929(ea)210.076 401.4 S -2.929(na)221.885 401.4 S(nno)234.254 401.4 Q .43 -(yance in Sun shops, who often still run without BIND support.)-.1 F(Ho)102 -413.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.001 -.4(r, i).15 H 2.701(ti).4 G 2.701(sr) -153.842 413.4 S .201 -(eally critical that this be supported, since MX records are mandatory)163.763 -413.4 R 5.2(.I)-.65 G 2.7(nS)450.26 413.4 S .2(unOS you)463.52 413.4 R .101 -(can choose either MX support or NIS support, b)102 425.4 R .101(ut not both.) --.2 F .101(This is \214x)5.101 F .101(ed in Solaris, and some)-.15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(send-)2.602 E(mail)102 437.4 Q F1(support to allo)2.5 E 2.5 -(wt)-.25 G(his in SunOS should be forthcoming in a future release.)192.31 437.4 -Q F0 2.5(2.7. K)87 461.4 R(ey)-.25 E(ed Files)-.1 E F1 .242(Generalized k)127 -477.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .242(ed \214les is an idea tak).15 F .241 -(en directly from ID)-.1 F 2.741(As)-.4 G .241 -(endmail \(albeit with a completely)368.606 477.6 R(dif)102 489.6 Q -(ferent implementation\).)-.25 E(The)5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be useful on lar) -239.63 489.6 Q(ge sites.)-.18 E -1.11(Ve)127 505.8 S -(rsion 8 includes the follo)1.11 E(wing b)-.25 E(uilt-in map classes:)-.2 E -33.72(dbm Support)102 522 R(for the ndbm\(3\) library)2.5 E(.)-.65 E 33.17 -(hash Support)102 538.2 R 1.229(for the `)3.729 F(`Hash')-.74 E 3.729('t)-.74 G -1.229(ype from the ne)261.636 538.2 R 3.729(wB)-.25 G(erk)345.732 538.2 Q(ele) --.1 E 3.729(yd)-.15 G 1.229(b\(3\) library)383.641 538.2 R 6.23(.t)-.65 G 1.23 -(his library pro-)441.55 538.2 R 4.094(vides substantially better database sup\ -port than ndbm\(3\), including in-memory)156 550.2 R -(caching, arbitrarily long k)156 562.2 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sa).15 G(nd v)279.89 -562.2 Q(alues, and better disk utilization.)-.25 E 31.51(btree Support)102 -578.4 R .547(for the `)3.047 F(`B-T)-.74 E(ree')-.35 E 3.047('t)-.74 G .547 -(ype from the ne)266.328 578.4 R 3.048(wB)-.25 G(erk)347.698 578.4 Q(ele)-.1 E -3.048(yd)-.15 G .548(b\(3\) library)384.926 578.4 R 5.548(.B)-.65 G(-T)445.362 -578.4 Q .548(rees pro)-.35 F(vide)-.15 E .521(better clustering than Hashed \ -\214les if you are fetching lots of records that ha)156 590.4 R .821 -.15(ve s) --.2 H(imilar).15 E -.1(ke)156 602.4 S(ys, such as searching a dictionary for w) --.05 E(ords be)-.1 E(ginning with `)-.15 E(`detr')-.74 E('.)-.74 E 39.83 -(nis Support)102 618.6 R(for NIS \(a.k.a. YP\) maps.)2.5 E -(NIS+ is not supported in this v)5 E(ersion.)-.15 E 34.83(host Support)102 -634.8 R(for DNS lookups.)2.5 E 19.84(dequote A)102 651 R -.74(``)2.642 G -(pseudo-map').74 E 2.642('\()-.74 G .142(that is, once that does not ha)232.554 -651 R .442 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .442 -.15(ny ex).15 H .142(ternal data\) that allo) -.15 F .142(ws a con-)-.25 F .099 -(\214guration \214le to break apart a quoted string in the address.)156 663 R -.098(This is necessary primarily)5.098 F .726 -(for DECnet addresses, which often ha)156 675 R 1.026 -.15(ve q)-.2 H .726 -(uoted addresses that need to be unwrapped).15 F(on g)156 687 Q(ate)-.05 E -.1 -(wa)-.25 G(ys.).1 E EP -%%Page: 5 5 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Changes in Sendmail V)72 60 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(5)499 60 Q -2.5(2.8. Multi-W)87 96 R(ord Classes & Macr)-.75 E(os in Classes)-.18 E/F1 10 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(Classes can no)127 112.2 Q 2.5(wb)-.25 G 2.5(em)200.35 112.2 -S(ultiple w)215.07 112.2 Q 2.5(ords. F)-.1 F(or e)-.15 E(xample,)-.15 E -(CShofmann.CS.Berk)142 128.4 Q(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G(EDU).65 E(allo)102 -144.6 Q 2.395(ws you to match the entire string `)-.25 F(`hofmann.CS.Berk)-.74 -E(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G(EDU').65 E 4.894('u)-.74 G 2.394 -(sing the single construct)399.878 144.6 R -.74(``)102 156.6 S($=S').74 E('.) --.74 E(Class de\214nitions are no)127 172.8 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G(llo)234.52 172.8 Q -(wed to include macros \212 for e)-.25 E(xample:)-.15 E(Cw$k)142 189 Q(is le) -102 205.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(l.).05 E F0 2.5(2.9. IDENT)87 229.2 R(Pr)2.5 E -(otocol Support)-.18 E F1 .633 -(The IDENT protocol as de\214ned in RFC 1413 [RFC1413] is supported.)127 245.4 -R(Ho)5.633 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.433 -.4(r, m).15 H(an).4 E 3.134(ys) --.15 G(ys-)491.78 245.4 Q .909(tems ha)102 257.4 R 1.209 -.15(ve a T)-.2 H .909 -(CP/IP b).15 F .908 -(ug that renders this useless, and the feature must be turned of)-.2 F 3.408 -(f. Roughly)-.25 F 3.408(,i)-.65 G(f)500.67 257.4 Q 8.538 -(one of these system recei)102 269.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 11.038(sa\231).15 G 8.539 -(No route to host\232 message \(ICMP message)280.568 269.4 R(ICMP_UNREA)102 -281.4 Q .829(CH_HOST\) on)-.4 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(any)3.329 E F1 .828 -(connection, all connections to that host are closed.)3.329 F .828 -(Some \214re-)5.828 F -.1(wa)102 293.4 S .087 -(lls return this error if you try to connect to the IDENT port, so you can').1 -F 2.587(tr)-.18 G(ecei)408.889 293.4 Q .387 -.15(ve e)-.25 H .087 -(mail from these).15 F 1.712(hosts on these systems.)102 305.4 R(It')6.712 E -4.212(sp)-.55 G 1.712(ossible that if the \214re)228.62 305.4 R -.1(wa)-.25 G -1.712(ll used a more speci\214c message \(such as).1 F(ICMP_UNREA)102 317.4 Q -(CH_PR)-.4 E -1.88 -.4(OT O)-.4 H 72.325(COL, ICMP_UNREA).4 F(CH_POR)-.4 E -74.825(To)-.6 G(r)500.67 317.4 Q(ICMP_UNREA)102 329.4 Q(CH_NET_PR)-.4 E -(OHIB\) it w)-.4 E(ould w)-.1 E(ork, b)-.1 E(ut this hasn')-.2 E 2.5(tb)-.18 G -(een v)375.62 329.4 Q(eri\214ed.)-.15 E .678(IDENT protocol support cannot be \ -used on 4.3BSD, Apollo DomainOS, Apple A/UX, Con-)127 345.6 R -.15(vex)102 -357.6 S .949(OS, Data General DG/UX, HP-UX, Sequent Dynix, or Ultrix 4.x, x).15 -F/F3 10/Symbol SF<a3>3.449 E F1 3.449(3. It)3.449 F .949(seems to w)3.449 F -.949(ork on)-.1 F -(4.4BSD, IBM AIX 3.x, OSF/1, SGI IRIX, Solaris, SunOS, and Ultrix 4.4.)102 -369.6 Q F0 2.5(2.10. Separate)87 393.6 R(En)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.4 G(lope/Header Pr) -.1 E(ocessing)-.18 E F1 .854 -(Since the From: line is passed in separately from the en)127 409.8 R -.15(ve) --.4 G .854(lope sender).15 F 3.354(,t)-.4 G .854(hese ha)420.978 409.8 R 1.154 --.15(ve b)-.2 H .854(oth been).15 F .427 -(made visible; the $g macro is set to the en)102 421.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .428 -(lope sender during processing of mailer ar).15 F .428(gument v)-.18 F(ec-)-.15 -E(tors and the header sender during processing of headers.)102 433.8 Q .085 -(It is also possible to specify separate per)127 450 R .085(-mailer en)-.2 F --.15(ve)-.4 G .084(lope and header processing.).15 F .084(The Sender)5.084 F(-) --.2 E -.55(RW)102 462 S 1.085(Set and RecipientR).55 F 1.085(Wset ar)-.55 F -1.085(guments for mailers can be speci\214ed as `)-.18 F(`en)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.4 -G(lope/header').15 E 3.585('t)-.74 G 3.585(og)478.595 462 S -2.15 -.25(iv e) -492.18 462 T(dif)102 474 Q(ferent re)-.25 E(writings for en)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.4 -G(lope v).15 E(ersus header addresses.)-.15 E F0 2.5(2.11. Owner)87 498 R -(-List Pr)-.37 E(opagates to En)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.4 G(lope).1 E F1 1.168 -(When an alias has an associated o)127 514.2 R(wner)-.25 E 1.168 -(-list name, that alias is used to change the en)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G(lope).15 E -(sender address.)102 526.2 Q(This will cause do)5 E -(wnstream errors to be returned to that o)-.25 E(wner)-.25 E(.)-.55 E 1.813 -(Some people \214nd this confusing because the en)127 542.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G -1.813(lope sender is what appears in the \214rst).15 F -.74(``)102 554.4 S -(From_').74 E 3.127('l)-.74 G .627(ine in UNIX messages \(that is, the line be) -146.417 554.4 R .627(ginning `)-.15 F(`From<space>')-.74 E 3.127('i)-.74 G .627 -(nstead of `)424.797 554.4 R(`From:')-.74 E(';)-.74 E .502 -(the latter is the header from, which)102 566.4 R F2(does)3.002 E F1 .503 -(indicate the sender of the message\).)3.002 F .503(In pre)5.503 F .503 -(vious v)-.25 F(ersions,)-.15 E F2(sendmail)102 578.4 Q F1 .057(has tried to a) -2.557 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .057(id changing the en).2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .056 -(lope sender for back compatibility with UNIX con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G(n-).15 E -.177(tion; at this point that back compatibility is creating too man)102 590.4 -R 2.678(yp)-.15 G .178(roblems, and it is necessary to mo)357.972 590.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(forw)102 602.4 Q(ard into the 1980s.)-.1 E F0 2.5(2.12. Command)87 -626.4 R(Line Flags)2.5 E F1(The)127 642.6 Q F0<ad42>2.5 E F1 -(\215ag has been added to pass in body type information.)2.5 E(The)127 658.8 Q -F0<ad70>3.057 E F1 .557 -(\215ag has been added to pass in protocol information that w)3.057 F .557 -(as pre)-.1 F .556(viously passed in by)-.25 F(de\214ning the)102 670.8 Q F0 -($r)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F0($s)2.5 E F1(macros.)2.5 E(The)127 687 Q F0<ad58>2.6 E -F1 .1(\215ag has been added to allo)2.6 F 2.6(wl)-.25 G .1 -(ogging of all protocol in and out of sendmail for deb)279.89 687 R(ug-)-.2 E -2.732(ging. Y)102 699 R .232(ou can set \231\255X \214lename\232 and a complet\ -e transcript will be logged in that \214le.)-1.1 F .231(This gets big)5.231 F --.1(fa)102 711 S(st: the option is only for deb).1 E(ugging.)-.2 E EP -%%Page: 6 6 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 294.65(6C)72 60 S(hanges in Sendmail V)378.87 60 Q -(ersion 8)-1 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(The)127 96 Q F0<ad71>4.006 E F1 1.507(\ -\215ag can limit limit a queue run to speci\214c recipients, senders, or queue\ - ids using)4.006 F -(\255qRsubstring, \255qSsubstring, or \255qIsubstring respecti)102 108 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F0 2.5(2.13. New)87 132 R(Con\214guration Line T) -2.5 E(ypes)-.74 E F1 .674(The `T' \(T)127 148.2 R .674 -(rusted users\) con\214guration line has been deleted.)-.35 F .674 -(It will still be accepted b)5.674 F .674(ut will)-.2 F(be ignored.)102 160.2 Q -(The `K' line has been added to declare database maps.)127 176.4 Q -(The `V' line has been added to declare the con\214guration v)127 192.6 Q -(ersion le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E(The `M' \(mailer\) line tak)127 208.8 -Q(es a D= \214eld to specify e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution directory).15 E(.) --.65 E F0 2.5(2.14. New)87 232.8 R(and Extended Options)2.5 E F1(Se)127 249 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G .9(ral ne).15 F 3.4(wo)-.25 G .9(ptions ha)184.8 249 R 1.2 -.15 -(ve b)-.2 H .9(een added, man).15 F 3.4(yt)-.15 G 3.4(os)314.89 249 S .9 -(upport ne)327.18 249 R 3.4(wf)-.25 G .9(eatures, others to allo)379.83 249 R -3.4(wt)-.25 G(uning)481.22 249 Q(that w)102 261 Q(as pre)-.1 E(viously a)-.25 E --.25(va)-.2 G(ilable only by recompiling.).25 E(Brie\215y:)5 E 28.78(AT)102 -277.2 S .099(he alias \214le speci\214cation can no)144.11 277.2 R 2.599(wb) --.25 G 2.599(eal)286.654 277.2 S .099(ist of alias \214les.)303.512 277.2 R -.098(Also, the con\214guration can spec-)5.099 F(ify a class of \214le.)138 -289.2 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, to search the NIS aliases, use \231O) -232.13 289.2 Q(Anis:mail.aliases\232.)-.35 E 31(bI)102 305.4 S -(nsist on a minimum number of disk blocks.)141.33 305.4 Q 29.33(CD)102 321.6 S -(eli)145.22 321.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .24(ry checkpoint interv).15 F 2.74 -(al. Checkpoint)-.25 F .24(the queue \(to a)2.74 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .24 -(id duplicate deli).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .24(ries\) e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .24 -(ry C).15 F(addresses.)138 333.6 Q 29.89(ED)102 349.8 S(ef)145.22 349.8 Q .712 -(ault error message.)-.1 F .711 -(This message \(or the contents of the indicated \214le\) are prepended)5.712 F -(to error messages.)138 361.8 Q 28.78(GE)102 378 S .785(nable GECOS matching.) -144.11 378 R .785(If you can')5.785 F 3.285<748c>-.18 G .786 -(nd a local user name and this option is enabled,)307.51 378 R .59 -(do a sequential scan of the passwd \214le to match ag)138 390 R .589 -(ainst full names.)-.05 F(Pre)5.589 E .589(viously a compile)-.25 F(option.)138 -402 Q 31(hM)102 418.2 S(aximum hop count.)146.89 418.2 Q(Pre)5 E -(viously this w)-.25 E(as compiled in.)-.1 E 32.67(IT)102 434.4 S -(his option has been e)144.11 434.4 Q(xtended to allo)-.15 E 2.5(ws)-.25 G -(etting of resolv)300.64 434.4 Q(er parameters.)-.15 E 33.22(jS)102 450.6 S -(end errors in MIME-encapsulated format.)143.56 450.6 Q 32.11(JF)102 466.8 S -(orw)143.41 466.8 Q(ard \214le path.)-.1 E(Where to search for .forw)5 E -(ard \214les \212 def)-.1 E(aults to $HOME/.forw)-.1 E(ard.)-.1 E 31(kC)102 483 -S .05(onnection cache size.)144.67 483 R .05 -(The total number of connections that will be k)5.05 F .05(ept open at an)-.1 F -2.55(yt)-.15 G(ime.)486.5 483 Q 28.78(KC)102 499.2 S 1.395 -(onnection cache lifetime.)144.67 499.2 R 1.395(The amount of time an)6.395 F -3.895(yc)-.15 G 1.394(onnection will be permitted to sit)364.53 499.2 R(idle.) -138 511.2 Q 33.22(lE)102 527.4 S .333(nable Errors-T)144.11 527.4 R .333 -(o: header)-.8 F 5.334(.T)-.55 G .334 -(hese headers violate RFC 1123; this option is included to pro-)252.89 527.4 R -(vide back compatibility with old v)138 539.4 Q(ersions of sendmail.)-.15 E -28.78(OI)102 555.6 S(ncoming daemon options \(e.g., use alternate SMTP port\).) -141.33 555.6 Q 31(pP)102 571.8 S(ri)143.56 571.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .3 -.15(cy o) -.25 H 2.5(ptions. These).15 F(can be used to mak)2.5 E 2.5(ey)-.1 G -(our SMTP serv)322.22 571.8 Q(er less friendly)-.15 E(.)-.65 E 32.67(rT)102 588 -S .67(his option has been e)144.11 588 R .67(xtended to allo)-.15 F 3.17<778c> --.25 G .67(ner grained control o)307 588 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.17(rt).15 G 3.17 -(imeouts. F)411.02 588 R .67(or e)-.15 F(xample,)-.15 E -(you can set the timeout for SMTP commands indi)138 600 Q(vidually)-.25 E(.) --.65 E 29.33(RD)102 616.2 S(on')145.22 616.2 Q 11.797(tp)-.18 G 9.297 -(rune route-addrs.)177.947 616.2 R(Normally)269.851 616.2 Q 11.797(,i)-.65 G -11.797(fv)324.608 616.2 S 9.297(ersion 8 sees an address lik)344.585 616.2 R(e) --.1 E 1.256("<@hostA,@hostB:user@hostC>, sendmail will try to strip of)138 -628.2 R 3.755(fa)-.25 G 3.755(sm)406.48 628.2 S 1.255(uch as it can \(up to) -421.905 628.2 R(user@hostC\) as suggested by RFC 1123.)138 640.2 Q -(This option disables that beha)5 E(viour)-.2 E(.)-.55 E 29.89(TT)102 656.4 S -1.485(he \231Return T)144.11 656.4 R 3.985(oS)-.8 G 1.485 -(ender\232 timeout has been e)213.035 656.4 R 1.485(xtended to allo)-.15 F -3.986(ws)-.25 G 1.486(peci\214cation of a w)399.942 656.4 R(arning)-.1 E .789 -(message interv)138 668.4 R .789 -(al, typically something on the order of four hours.)-.25 F .788 -(If a message cannot be)5.788 F(deli)138 680.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.245 -(red in that interv).15 F 1.245(al, a w)-.25 F 1.245 -(arning message is sent back to the sender b)-.1 F 1.246(ut the message)-.2 F -(continues to be tried.)138 692.4 Q 28.78(UU)102 708.6 S(ser database spec.) -145.22 708.6 Q(This is still e)5 E(xperimental.)-.15 E EP -%%Page: 7 7 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Changes in Sendmail V)72 60 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(7)499 60 Q -/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 28.78(VF)102 96 S .758(allback `)143.41 96 R(`MX')-.74 -E 3.258('h)-.74 G 3.258(ost. This)211.756 96 R .757 -(can be thought of as an MX host that applies to all addresses)3.258 F -(that has a v)138 108 Q(ery high preference v)-.15 E -(alue \(that is, use it only if e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rything else f).15 E -(ails\).)-.1 E 28.78(wI)102 124.2 S 3.066(fs)141.33 124.2 S .566(et, assume th\ -at if you are the best MX host for a host, you should send directly to that) -151.616 124.2 R 3.213(host. This)138 136.2 R .713 -(is intended for compatibility with UIUC sendmail, and may ha)3.213 F 1.013 --.15(ve s)-.2 H .712(ome use on).15 F(\214re)138 148.2 Q -.1(wa)-.25 G(lls.).1 -E 31(7D)102 164.4 S 2.758(on)145.22 164.4 S .258(ot run eight bit clean.) -157.978 164.4 R -.7(Te)5.258 G(chnically).7 E 2.758(,y)-.65 G .258(ou ha) -305.656 164.4 R .558 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.758(oa).15 G .259 -(ssert this option to be RFC 821 com-)354.68 164.4 R(patible.)138 176.4 Q F0 -2.5(2.15. New)87 200.4 R(Mailer De\214nitions)2.5 E F1 21.75(L= Set)102 216.6 R -.93(the allo)3.43 F -.1(wa)-.25 G .93(ble line length.).1 F .93 -(In V5, the L mailer \215ag implied a line length limit of 990)5.93 F -(characters; this is no)138 228.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G(ettable to an arbitrary v) -233.29 228.6 Q(alue.)-.25 E 17.86(F=a T)102 244.8 R(ry to use ESMTP)-.35 E 5 -(.I)-1.11 G 2.5(tw)222.65 244.8 S(ill f)235.15 244.8 Q -(all back to SMTP if the initial EHLO pack)-.1 E(et is rejected.)-.1 E 17.3 -(F=b Ensure)102 261 R 2.5(ab)2.5 G(lank line at the end of messages.)180.21 261 -Q(Useful on the *\214le* mailer)5 E(.)-.55 E 17.86(F=c Strip)102 277.2 R .68(a\ -ll comments from addresses; this should only be used as a last resort when dea\ -ling)3.18 F(with crank)138 289.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G(ailers.)195.62 289.2 Q 17.3 -(F=g Ne)102 305.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.88(ru).15 G .38 -(se the null sender as the en)169.91 305.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .379(lope sender).15 -F 2.879(,e)-.4 G -.15(ve)343.645 305.4 S 2.879(nw).15 G .379(hen running SMTP) -368.034 305.4 R 5.379(.T)-1.11 G .379(his violates)458.341 305.4 R(RFC 1123.) -138 317.4 Q 17.3(F=7 Strip)102 333.6 R(all output to this mailer to 7 bits.)2.5 -E 16.19(F=L Used)102 349.8 R .198 -(to set the line limit to 990 bytes for SMTP compatibility)2.697 F 5.198(.I) --.65 G 2.698(tn)398.622 349.8 S .698 -.25(ow d)409.1 349.8 T .198 -(oes that only if the).25 F(L= k)138 361.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(letter is not speci\214ed.).15 E -(This \215ag is obsolete and should not be used.)5 E F0 2.5(2.16. New)87 385.8 -R(or Changed Pr)2.5 E(e-De\214ned Macr)-.18 E(os)-.18 E F1 23.5($k UUCP)102 402 -R(node name from uname\(2\).)2.5 E 20.72($m Domain)102 418.2 R -(part of our full hostname.)2.5 E 23.5($_ RFC)102 434.4 R(1413-pro)2.5 E -(vided sender address.)-.15 E 21.28($w Pre)102 450.6 R .148(viously w)-.25 F -.148(as sometimes the full domain name, sometimes just the \214rst w)-.1 F -2.647(ord. No)-.1 F 2.647(wg)-.25 G(uar)488.1 450.6 Q(-)-.2 E -(anteed to be the \214rst w)138 462.6 Q -(ord of the domain name \(i.e., the host name\).)-.1 E 25.72($j Pre)102 478.8 R -.193(viously had to be de\214ned \212 it is no)-.25 F 2.693(wp)-.25 G .194 -(rede\214ned to be the full domain name, if that can)310.067 478.8 R -(be determined.)138 490.8 Q(That is, it is equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to $w) -.25 E(.$m.)-.65 E F0 2.5(2.17. New)87 514.8 R(and Changed Classes)2.5 E F1 -17.86($=k Initialized)102 531 R(to contain $k.)2.5 E 15.64($=w No)102 547.2 R -3.069(wi)-.25 G .569 -(ncludes \231[1.2.3.4]\232 \(where 1.2.3.4 is your IP address\) to allo)163.039 -547.2 R 3.068(wt)-.25 G .568(he con\214guration \214le)422.314 547.2 R -(to recognize your o)138 559.2 Q(wn IP address.)-.25 E F0 2.5(2.18. New)87 -583.2 R(Rewriting T)2.5 E(ok)-.92 E(ens)-.1 E F1(The)127 599.4 Q F0($&)3.25 E -F1 .75(construct has been adopted from ID)3.25 F 3.25(At)-.4 G 3.25(od)322 -599.4 S .75(efer macro e)335.25 599.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G 3.25(luation. Normally) -.25 F 3.25(,m)-.65 G(acros)482.9 599.4 Q .476 -(in rulesets are bound when the rule is \214rst parsed during startup.)102 -611.4 R .476(Some macros change during pro-)5.476 F .046 -(cessing and are uninteresting during startup.)102 623.4 R(Ho)5.046 E(we)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G .846 -.4(r, t).15 H .047 -(hat macro can be referenced using \231$&x\232 to).4 F(defer the e)102 635.4 Q --.25(va)-.25 G(ulation of $x until the rule is processed.).25 E(The tok)127 -651.6 Q(ens)-.1 E F0($\()2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F0($\))2.5 E F1(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve b)-.2 H(een added to allo).15 E 2.5(ws)-.25 G(peci\214cation of map re) -319.59 651.6 Q(writing.)-.25 E -1.11(Ve)127 667.8 S 1.499(rsion 8 allo)1.11 F -(ws)-.25 E F0($@)3.999 E F1 1.499 -(on the Left Hand Side of an `R' line to match zero tok)3.999 F 3.998 -(ens. This)-.1 F(is)3.998 E(intended to be used to match the null input.)102 -679.8 Q EP -%%Page: 8 8 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 294.65(8C)72 60 S(hanges in Sendmail V)378.87 60 Q -(ersion 8)-1 E 2.5(2.19. Bigger)87 96 R(Defaults)2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF --1.11(Ve)127 112.2 S 1.283(rsion 8 allo)1.11 F 1.284 -(ws up to 100 rulesets instead of 30.)-.25 F 1.284 -(It is recommended that rulesets 0\2559 be)6.284 F(reserv)102 124.2 Q -(ed for sendmail')-.15 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(edicated use in future releases.)202.66 -124.2 Q(The total number of MX records that can be used has been raised to 20.) -127 140.4 Q .335(The number of queued messages that can be handled at one time\ - has been raised from 600 to)127 156.6 R(1000.)102 168.6 Q F0 2.5(2.20. Differ) -87 192.6 R(ent Default T)-.18 E(uning P)-.92 E(arameters)-.1 E F1 -1.11(Ve)127 -208.8 S .8(rsion 8 has changed the def)1.11 F .8 -(ault parameters for tuning queue costs to mak)-.1 F 3.3(et)-.1 G .8 -(he number of)449.08 208.8 R .712(recipients more important than the size of t\ -he message \(for small messages\).)102 220.8 R .712(This is reasonable if)5.712 -F(you are connected with reasonably f)102 232.8 Q(ast links.)-.1 E F0 2.5 -(2.21. A)87 256.8 R(uto-Quoting in Addr)-.5 E(esses)-.18 E F1(Pre)127 273 Q -(viously)-.25 E 3.2(,t)-.65 G .701(he `)177.36 273 R .701 -(`Full Name <email address>')-.74 F 3.201('s)-.74 G .701(yntax w)322.025 273 R -.701(ould generate incorrect protocol out-)-.1 F .006(put if `)102 285 R .006 -(`Full Name')-.74 F 2.506('h)-.74 G .006(ad special characters such as dot.) -187.754 285 R .005(This v)5.006 F .005(ersion puts quotes around such names.) --.15 F F0 2.5(2.22. Symbolic)87 309 R(Names On Err)2.5 E(or Mailer)-.18 E F1 -(Se)127 325.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral names ha).15 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een b).15 -E(uilt in to the $@ portion of the $#error mailer)-.2 E 5(.F)-.55 G(or e)428.96 -325.2 Q(xample:)-.15 E($#error $@NOHOST $: Host unkno)142 341.4 Q(wn)-.25 E -(Prints the indicated message and sets the e)102 357.6 Q(xit status of)-.15 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sendmail)2.5 E F1(to)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(EX_NOHOST)2.5 E F1(.)A F0 2.5(2.23. New)87 381.6 R(Built-In Mailers)2.5 E F1 --1 -.8(Tw o)127 397.8 T(ne)3.901 E 3.101(wm)-.25 G .601(ailers, *\214le* and *\ -include*, are included to de\214ne options when mailing to a \214le)174.822 -397.8 R(or a :include: \214le respecti)102 409.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5 -(.P)-.65 G(re)232.88 409.8 Q(viously these were o)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(rloaded on the local mailer).15 E(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(2.24. SMTP)87 433.8 R -(VRFY Doesn't Expand)2.5 E F1(Pre)127 450 Q 1.438(vious v)-.25 F 1.438 -(ersions of sendmail treated VRFY and EXPN the same.)-.15 F 1.437(In this v) -6.437 F 1.437(ersion, VRFY)-.15 F(doesn')102 462 Q 2.5(te)-.18 G -(xpand aliases or follo)138.05 462 Q 2.5(w.)-.25 G(forw)235.84 462 Q -(ard \214les.)-.1 E .663(As an optimization, if you run with your def)127 478.2 -R .664(ault deli)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .664(ry mode being queue-only).15 F 3.164 -(,t)-.65 G .664(he RCPT)466.386 478.2 R 1.09 -(command will also not chase aliases and .forw)102 490.2 R 1.09(ard \214les.) --.1 F 1.09(It will chase them when it processes the)6.09 F 2.5(queue. This)102 -502.2 R(speeds up RCPT processing.)2.5 E F0 2.5(2.25. [IPC])87 526.2 R -(Mailers Allo)2.5 E 2.5(wM)-.1 G(ultiple Hosts)210.49 526.2 Q F1 .099 -(When an address resolv)127 542.4 R .099(es to a mailer that has `)-.15 F -(`[IPC]')-.74 E 2.599('a)-.74 G 2.6(si)353.52 542.4 S .1(ts `)362.79 542.4 R -(`P)-.74 E(ath')-.15 E .1(', the $@ part \(host name\))-.74 F .138 -(can be a colon-separated list of hosts instead of a single hostname.)102 554.4 -R .137(This asks sendmail to search the)5.137 F .16 -(list for the \214rst entry that is a)102 566.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G .16(ilable e) -.25 F .161(xactly as though it were an MX record.)-.15 F .161 -(The intent is to route)5.161 F .738(internal traf)102 578.4 R .738 -(\214c through internal netw)-.25 F .738 -(orks without publishing an MX record to the net.)-.1 F .737(MX e)5.737 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion is still done on the indi)102 590.4 Q(vidual items.)-.25 E -F0 2.5(2.26. Aliases)87 614.4 R(Extended)2.5 E F1 .298 -(The implementation has been mer)127 630.6 R .298(ged with maps.)-.18 F .299 -(Among other things, this supports multiple)5.298 F -(alias \214les and NIS-based aliases.)102 642.6 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G -(xample:)258.34 642.6 Q -.35(OA)142 658.8 S(/etc/aliases,nis:mail.aliases).35 E -(will search \214rst the local database \231/etc/aliases\232 follo)102 675 Q -(wed by the NIS map)-.25 E EP -%%Page: 9 9 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Changes in Sendmail V)72 60 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(9)499 60 Q -2.5(2.27. P)87 96 R(ortability and Security Enhancements)-.2 E/F1 10 -/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(An)127 112.2 S(umber of internal changes ha)141.72 112.2 -Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een made to enhance portability).15 E(.)-.65 E(Se)127 -128.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral \214x).15 E(es ha)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een made to increase the paranoia f).15 E(actor)-.1 E(.)-.55 E .46 -(In particular)127 144.6 R 2.96(,t)-.4 G .46(he permissions required for .forw) -184.45 144.6 R .46(ard and :include: \214les ha)-.1 F .76 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .46 -(een tightened up).15 F(considerably)102 156.6 Q 5.182(.V)-.65 G 2.683(5w) -167.352 156.6 S .183(ould pretty much read an)182.155 156.6 R 2.683<798c>-.15 G -.183(le it could get to as root, which e)295.96 156.6 R .183(xposed some secu-) --.15 F 1.02(rity holes.)102 168.6 R 1.02 -(V8 insists that all directories leading up to the .forw)6.02 F 1.02 -(ard or :include: \214le be searchable)-.1 F .334 -(\("x" permission\) by the controlling user" \(de\214ned belo)102 180.6 R .335 -(w\), that the \214le itself be readable by the con-)-.25 F(trolling user)102 -192.6 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(nd that .forw)159.65 192.6 Q(ard \214les be o)-.1 E -(wned by the user who is being forw)-.25 E(arded to or root.)-.1 E .565 -(The "controlling user" is the user on whose behalf the mail is being deli)127 -208.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.065(red. F).15 F .565(or e)-.15 F(xample,)-.15 E .459 -(if you mail to "user1" then the controlling user for ~user1/.forw)102 220.8 R -.46(ard and an)-.1 F 2.96(ym)-.15 G .46(ailers in)416.94 220.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 2.96(db).1 G 2.96(yt)481.04 220.8 S(hat)491.78 220.8 Q(.forw)102 -232.8 Q(ard \214le, including :include: \214les.)-.1 E(Pre)127 249 Q(viously) --.25 E 2.816(,a)-.65 G -.15(ny)178.636 249 S .316 -(one who had a home directory could create a .forw).15 F .316(ard could forw) --.1 F .316(ard to a pro-)-.1 F 2.965(gram. No)102 261 R 1.765 -.65(w, s)-.25 H -.466(endmail checks to mak).65 F 2.966(es)-.1 G .466(ure that the)262.934 261 R -2.966(yh)-.15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)321.672 261 T .466(an "appro)3.166 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.966(ds).15 G .466(hell", that is, a shell listed)398.42 261 R -(in the /etc/shells \214le.)102 273 Q F0 2.5(2.28. Miscellaneous)87 297 R -(Fixes and Enhancements)2.5 E F1 4.03(An)127 313.2 S 1.53(umber of small b) -143.25 313.2 R 1.53(ugs ha)-.2 F 1.53(ving to do with things lik)-.2 F 4.03(eb) --.1 G 1.53(ackslash-escaped quotes inside of)364.72 313.2 R(comments ha)102 -325.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een \214x).15 E(ed.)-.15 E 1.552(The \214x)127 341.4 -R 1.552(ed size limit on header lines \(such as \231T)-.15 F 1.553 -(o:\232 and \231Cc:\232\) has been eliminated; those)-.8 F -.2(bu)102 353.4 S --.25(ff).2 G(ers are dynamically allocated no).25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .289(Sendma\ -il writes a /etc/sendmail.pid \214le with the current process id and the curre\ -nt in)127 369.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E(\215ags.)102 381.6 Q -1 -.8(Tw o)127 -397.8 T .218 -(people using the same program \(e.g., submit\) are considered "dif)3.518 F -.219(ferent" so that duplicate)-.25 F .508(elimination doesn')102 409.8 R 3.008 -(td)-.18 G .508(elete one of them.)187.836 409.8 R -.15(Fo)5.508 G 3.008(re).15 -G .508(xample, tw)287.556 409.8 R 3.008(op)-.1 G .508(eople forw)345.412 409.8 -R .508(arding their email to |submit)-.1 F(will be treated as tw)102 421.8 Q -2.5(or)-.1 G(ecipients.)193.27 421.8 Q .721(The mailstats program prints maile\ -r names and gets the location of the sendmail.st \214le from)127 438 R -(/etc/sendmail.cf.)102 450 Q(Man)127 466.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G(inor b)160.46 466.2 -Q(ugs ha)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een \214x).15 E -(ed, such as handling of backslashes inside of quotes.)-.15 E 2.5(Ah)127 482.4 -S(ook has been added to allo)141.72 482.4 Q 2.5(wr)-.25 G -.25(ew)260.89 482.4 -S(riting of local addresses after aliasing.).25 E F0 2.5(3. FUTURE)72 506.4 R --.1(WO)2.5 G(RK).1 E F1 1.719(The pre)112 522.6 R 1.719 -(vious section describes)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sendmail)4.219 E F1 -1.719(as of v)4.219 F 1.719(ersion 8.6.6.)-.15 F 1.718 -(There is still much to be done.)6.719 F(Some high points are described belo)87 -534.6 Q 3.8 -.65(w. T)-.25 H(his list is by no means e).65 E(xhausti)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F0 2.5(3.1. Full)87 558.6 R(MIME Support)2.5 E F1 -(Currently)127 574.8 Q F2(sendmail)3.305 E F1 .805(only supports se)3.305 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.305(nb).15 G .805(it MIME messages.)297.005 574.8 R .806 -(Although it can pass eight bit)5.805 F .371(MIME messages, it cannot adv)102 -586.8 R .371(ertise that f)-.15 F .37 -(act because the standards say that the mail agent must be)-.1 F .26 -(able to do 8- to 7-bit con)102 598.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .26(rsion to ha).15 F -.561 -.15(ve f)-.2 H .261(ull 8-bit support.).15 F .261(This requires f)5.261 F -.261(ar more e)-.1 F(xtensi)-.15 E .561 -.15(ve m)-.25 H(odi\214-).15 E -(cation of the message body than is currently supported.)102 610.8 Q .464 -(The best w)127 627 R .464(ay to do this w)-.1 F .463 -(ould be to support the general concept of an e)-.1 F .463(xternal `)-.15 F -.463(`message \214l-)-.74 F(ter')102 639 Q 3.319('t)-.74 G .819 -(hat could do arbitrary modi\214cations of the message.)124.569 639 R .819 -(This w)5.819 F .82(ould allo)-.1 F 3.32(wM)-.25 G .82(IME con)427.37 639 R --.15(ve)-.4 G .82(rsion as).15 F .63 -(well as such things as automatic encryption of messages sent o)102 651 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.129(re).15 G .629(xternal links.)379.264 651 R .629 -(This is probably)5.629 F(an e)102 663 Q(xtremely non-tri)-.15 E(vial change.) --.25 E F0 2.5(3.2. Ser)87 687 R(vice Switch Abstraction)-.1 E F1 .369(Most mod\ -ern systems include some concept of a \231service switch\232 \212 for e)127 -703.2 R .37(xample, to look up)-.15 F .984 -(host names you can try DNS, NIS, NIS+, te)102 715.2 R .984 -(xt tables, NetInfo, or other services in some arbitrary)-.15 F EP -%%Page: 10 10 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 287.15(10 Changes)72 60 R(in Sendmail V)2.5 E(ersion 8) --1 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(order)102 96 Q 5.174(.T)-.55 G .174 -(his is currently v)136.334 96 R .174(ery clumsy in)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(sendmail)2.674 E F1 2.674(,w)C .174 -(ith only limited control of the services pro)309.612 96 R(vided.)-.15 E F0 2.5 -(3.3. Mor)87 120 R 2.5(eC)-.18 G(ontr)139.86 120 Q(ol of Local Addr)-.18 E -(esses)-.18 E F1 .943(Currently some addresses are declared as \231local\232 a\ -nd are handled specially \212 for e)127 136.2 R(xample,)-.15 E(the)102 148.2 Q -3.455(ym)-.15 G .955(ay ha)130.305 148.2 R 1.255 -.15(ve .)-.2 H(forw).15 E -.956(ard \214les, may be translated into program calls or \214le deli)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .956(ries, and so forth.).15 F .311(These should be brok)102 -160.2 R .311(en out into separate \215ags to allo)-.1 F 2.811(wt)-.25 G .31 -(he local system administrator to ha)330.29 160.2 R .61 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ore).15 -E(\214ne-grained control o)102 172.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ro).15 G(perations.) -208.62 172.2 Q F0 2.5(3.4. Mor)87 196.2 R 2.5(eR)-.18 G(un-T)139.86 196.2 Q -(ime Con\214guration Options)-.18 E F1 .016(There are man)127 212.4 R 2.516(yo) --.15 G .016(ptions that are con\214gured at compile time, such as the method o\ -f \214le locking)197.148 212.4 R .719 -(and the use of the IDENT protocol [RFC1413].)102 224.4 R .719 -(These should be transfered to run time by adding)5.719 F(ne)102 236.4 Q 2.5 -(wo)-.25 G(ptions.)125.91 236.4 Q(Similarly)127 252.6 Q 3.413(,s)-.65 G .913 -(ome options are currently o)173.383 252.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .913 -(rloaded, that is, a single option controls more than).15 F(one thing.)102 -264.6 Q(These should probably be brok)5 E(en out into separate options.)-.1 E -(This implies that options will change from single characters to w)127 280.8 Q -(ords.)-.1 E F0 2.5(3.5. Mor)87 304.8 R 2.5(eC)-.18 G(on\214guration Contr) -139.86 304.8 Q(ol Ov)-.18 E(er Err)-.1 E(ors)-.18 E F1(Currently)127 321 Q -3.649(,t)-.65 G 1.148 -(he con\214guration \214le can generate an error message during parsing.) -173.609 321 R(Ho)6.148 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.948 -.4(r, i).15 H(t).4 E -.569(cannot tweak other operations, such as issuing a w)102 333 R .57 -(arning message to the system postmaster)-.1 F 5.57(.S)-.55 G(imi-)487.33 333 Q -(larly)102 345 Q 2.558(,s)-.65 G .057 -(ome errors should not be triggered if the)128.628 345 R 2.557(ya)-.15 G .057 -(re in aliases during an alias \214le reb)302.237 345 R .057(uild, b)-.2 F .057 -(ut should)-.2 F(be triggered if that alias is actually used.)102 357 Q F0 2.5 -(3.6. Long)87 381 R -.92(Te)2.5 G(rm Host State).92 E F1(Currently)127 397.2 Q -(,)-.65 E F2(sendmail)3.731 E F1 1.231 -(only remembers host status during a single queue run.)3.731 F 1.232 -(This should be)6.232 F(con)102 409.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G .492(rted to long term s\ -tatus stored on disk so it can be shared between instantiations of).15 F F2 -(sendmail)2.991 E F1(.)A .866(Entries will ha)102 421.2 R 1.167 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -3.367(ob).15 G 3.367(et)190.666 421.2 S .867(imestamped so the)201.253 421.2 R -3.367(yc)-.15 G .867(an time out.)290.084 421.2 R .867(This will allo)5.867 F -(w)-.25 E F2(sendmail)3.367 E F1 .867(to implement)3.367 F -.15(ex)102 433.2 S -(ponential back).15 E(of)-.1 E 2.5(fo)-.25 G 2.5(nq)188.7 433.2 S -(ueue runs on a per)201.2 433.2 Q(-host basis.)-.2 E F0 2.5(3.7. Connection)87 -457.2 R(Contr)2.5 E(ol)-.18 E F1 .819(Modern netw)127 473.4 R .819(orks ha)-.1 -F 1.119 -.15(ve d)-.2 H(if).15 E .819(ferent types of connecti)-.25 F .818 -(vity than the past.)-.25 F .818(In particular)5.818 F 3.318(,t)-.4 G .818 -(he rising)468.462 473.4 R .636 -(prominence of dialup IP has created certain challenges for automated serv)102 -485.4 R 3.136(ers. It)-.15 F .636(is not uncommon)3.136 F .732(to try to mak) -102 497.4 R 3.232(eac)-.1 G .732(onnection to a host and ha)175.27 497.4 R -1.032 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 3.232(tf).15 G .732(ail, e)307.984 497.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.232(nt).15 G .732(hough if you tried ag)348.208 497.4 R .732(ain it w)-.05 F -.731(ould suc-)-.1 F 2.5(ceed. The)102 509.4 R -(connection management could be a bit cle)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rer to try to adapt to such situations.).15 E F0 2.5(3.8. Other)87 533.4 R -(Caching)2.5 E F1 .074(When you do an MX record lookup, the name serv)127 549.6 -R .075(er automatically returns the IP addresses of)-.15 F .518 -(the associated MX serv)102 561.6 R 3.018(ers. This)-.15 F .518 -(information is currently ignored, and another query is done to get)3.018 F -(this information.)102 573.6 Q(It should be cached to a)5 E -.2(vo)-.2 G(id e) -.2 E(xcess name serv)-.15 E(er traf)-.15 E(\214c.)-.25 E F0 2.5(4. REFERENCES) -72 597.6 R F1([Allman83a])87 613.8 Q .137(\231Sendmail \212 An Internetw)123 -625.8 R .137(ork Mail Router)-.1 F 4.037 -.7(.\232 E)-.55 H 2.638(.A).7 G 2.638 -(llman. In)327.58 625.8 R F2 .138(Unix Pr)2.638 F -.1(og)-.45 G -.15(ra).1 G -(mmer).15 E(s')-.1 E 2.638(sM)-.4 G(anual,)463.582 625.8 Q F1(4.2)2.638 E(Berk) -123 637.8 Q(ele)-.1 E 2.5(yS)-.15 G(oftw)166.91 637.8 Q(are Distrib)-.1 E -(ution, v)-.2 E(olume 2C.)-.2 E(August 1983.)5 E([Allman83b])87 654 Q .384 -(\231Mail Systems and Addressing in 4.2BSD.)123 666 R 5.384<9a45>-.7 G 2.884 -(.A)311.544 666 S .383(llman In)324.148 666 R F2 .383(UNICOM Confer)2.883 F -.383(ence Pr)-.37 F(oceedings.)-.45 E F1(San Die)123 678 Q(go, California.)-.15 -E(January 1983.)5 E([Allman&Amos85])87 694.2 Q -.74(``)123 706.2 S 1.145 -(Sendmail Re).74 F(visited.)-.25 E 5.125 -.74('' E)-.7 H 3.645(.A).74 G 1.145 -(llman and M. Amos.)241.215 706.2 R(In)6.145 E F2 1.145 -(Usenix Summer 1985 Confer)3.645 F 1.145(ence Pr)-.37 F(o-)-.45 E(ceedings.)123 -718.2 Q F1(Portland, Ore)5 E 2.5(gon. June)-.15 F(1985.)2.5 E EP -%%Page: 11 11 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Changes in Sendmail V)72 60 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(11)494 60 Q -/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF([ID)87 96 Q(A87])-.4 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Electr) -1.97 E .983(onic Mail Addr)-.45 F .983(essing in Theory and Pr)-.37 F .982 -(actice with the ID)-.15 F 3.482(AS)-.35 G .982(endmail Enhancement Kit)398.156 -96 R .563(\(or The P)123 108 R(ostmaster')-.8 E 3.063(sL)-.4 G .563(ast W) -215.989 108 R .564(ill and T)-.55 F(estament\).)-.92 E F1 .564(Lennart Lo)5.564 -F -.5(..)359.828 102 S 3.064(vstrand. Department)364.828 108 R .564 -(of Computer)3.064 F 1.267(and Information Science, Uni)123 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 -G 1.267(rsity of Link).15 F(o)-.1 E -.5(..)306.585 114 S 1.266 -(ping, Sweden, Report no. LiTH-ID)311.585 120 R(A-Ex-8715.)-.4 E(May 1987.)123 -132 Q([RFC821])87 148.2 Q F2(Simple Mail T)123 160.2 Q -.15(ra)-.55 G -(nsport Pr).15 E(otocol.)-.45 E F1(J. Postel.)5 E(August 1982.)5 E([RFC1123])87 -176.4 Q F2(Requir)123 188.4 Q .163 -(ements for Internet Hosts \212 Application and Support.)-.37 F F1 .164 -(Internet Engineering T)5.164 F .164(ask F)-.8 F(orce,)-.15 E -(R. Braden, Editor)123 200.4 Q 5(.O)-.55 G(ctober 1989.)207.72 200.4 Q -([RFC1344])87 216.6 Q F2(Implications of MIME for Internet Mail Gate)123 228.6 -Q(ways.)-.15 E F1(N. Borenstein.)5 E(June 1992.)5 E([RFC1413])87 244.8 Q F2 -(Identi\214cation Pr)123 256.8 Q(otocol.)-.45 E F1(M. St. Johns.)5 E -(February 1993.)5 E([RFC1425])87 273 Q F2 2.352(SMTP Service Extensions.)123 -285 R F1 2.352(J. Klensin, N. Freed, M. Rose, E. Stef)7.352 F 2.351 -(ferud, and D. Crock)-.25 F(er)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(February 1993.)123 297 Q -([RFC1426])87 313.2 Q F2 .12(SMTP Service Extension for 8bit-MIMEtr)123 325.2 R -(ansport.)-.15 E F1 .12(J. Klensin, N. Freed, M. Rose, E. Stef)5.12 F(ferud,) --.25 E(and D. Crock)123 337.2 Q(er)-.1 E 5(.F)-.55 G(ebruary 1993.)196.78 337.2 -Q([RFC1427])87 353.4 Q F2 .813(SMTP Service Extension for Messa)123 365.4 R -1.013 -.1(ge S)-.1 H .813(ize Declar).1 F(ation.)-.15 E F1 .813 -(J. Klensin, N. Freed, and K. Moore.)5.813 F(February 1993.)123 377.4 Q -([RFC1521])87 393.6 Q F2 2.033 -(MIME \(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions\) P)123 405.6 R 2.033 -(art One: Mec)-.8 F 2.033(hanisms for Specifying and)-.15 F .933 -(Describing the F)123 417.6 R .933(ormat of Internet Messa)-1.05 F 1.133 -.1 -(ge B)-.1 H(odies.).1 E F1 .932(N. Borenstein and N. Freed.)5.932 F(September) -5.932 E(1993.)123 429.6 Q EP -%%Trailer -end -%%EOF |