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diff --git a/zic/tz-link.htm b/zic/tz-link.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 0e6307300709..000000000000 --- a/zic/tz-link.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,443 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?> -<!DOCTYPE html - PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> -<head> -<title>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</title> -<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.1/" /> -<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"' /> -<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul" /> -<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David" /> -<meta name="DC.Date" content="2004-05-24" /> -<meta name="DC.Description" - content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time" /> -<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm" /> -<meta name="Keywords" - content="database,daylight saving,DST,time zone,timezone,tz,zoneinfo" /> -</head> -<body> -<h1>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</h1> -<address> -@(#)tz-link.htm 7.42 -</address> -<p> -Please send corrections to this web page to the -<a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</a>. -</p> -<h2>The <code>tz</code> database</h2> -<p> -The public-domain time zone database contains code and data -that represent the history of local time -for many representative locations around the globe. -It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies -to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules. -This database (often called <code>tz</code> or <code>zoneinfo</code>) -is used by several implementations, -including -<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">the GNU C Library</a> used in -<a href="http://www.linux.org/">GNU/Linux</a>, -<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</a>, -<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>, -<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>, -<a href="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a>, -<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/">DJGPP</a>, -<a href="http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/operating/">HP-UX</a>, -<a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix/">IRIX</a>, -<a href="http://www.apple.com/macosx/">Mac OS X</a>, -<a href="http://h71000.www7.hp.com/">OpenVMS</a>, -<a href="http://wwws.sun.com/software/solaris/">Solaris</a>, -<a href="http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/">Tru64</a>, and -<a href="http://www.sco.com/products/unixware/">UnixWare</a>.</p> -<p> -Each location in the database represents a national region where all -clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970. -Locations are identified by continent or ocean and then by the name of -the location, which is typically the largest city within the region. -For example, <code>America/New_York</code> -represents most of the US eastern time zone; -<code>America/Indianapolis</code> represents most of Indiana, which -uses eastern time without daylight saving time (DST); -<code>America/Detroit</code> represents most of Michigan, which uses -eastern time but with different DST rules in 1975; -and other entries represent smaller regions like Starke County, -Kentucky, which switched from central to eastern time in 1991. -To use the database, set the <code>TZ</code> environment variable to -the location's full name, e.g., <code>TZ="America/New_York"</code>.</p> -<p> -In the <code>tz</code> database's -<a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</a>, -the code is in the file <code>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</code>, -where <code><var>C</var></code> is the code's version; -similarly, the data are in <code>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</code>, -where <code><var>D</var></code> is the data's version. -The following shell commands download -these files to a GNU/Linux or similar host; see the downloaded -<code>README</code> file for what to do next.</p> -<pre style="margin-left: 2em"><code><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/">wget</a> 'ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz' -<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/">gzip</a> -dc tzcode*.tar.gz | <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/">tar</a> -xf - -gzip -dc tzdata*.tar.gz | tar -xf - -</code></pre> -<p> -The code lets you compile the <code>tz</code> source files into -machine-readable binary files, one for each location. It also lets -you read a <code>tz</code> binary file and interpret time stamps for that -location.</p> -<p> -The data are by no means authoritative. If you find errors, please -send changes to the <a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone -mailing list</a>. You can also <a -href="mailto:tz-request@elsie.nci.nih.gov">subscribe</a> to the -mailing list, retrieve the <a -href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">archive of old -messages</a> (in gzip compressed format), or retrieve <a -href="ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub/oldtz/">archived older versions of code -and data</a>.</p> -<p> -The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data. -Here are some recent links that may be of interest. -</p> -<h2>Web pages using recent versions of the <code>tz</code> database</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/xtra/tzdate">Date and Time Gateway</a> -is a text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time -throughout the world.</li> -<li>Fancier web interfaces, roughly in ascending order of complexity, include: -<ul> -<li><a href="http://www.hilink.com.au/times/">Local Times Around the -World</a></li> -<li><a href="http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/World_Time/Current_Time.ASP">Current Time in 1000 Places</a></li> -<li><a href="http://timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</a></li> -</ul></li> -<li><a href="http://www.holidayfestival.com/">The Worldwide Holiday -& Festival Site</a> lists DST-related clock changes along with -holidays.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock - -Time Zones</a> -is a web interface to a time zone database derived from -<code>tz</code>'s.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Other time zone database formats</h2> -<ul> -<li>The <a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2445.txt"> -Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification -(iCalendar)</a> specification published by the <a -href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/calsch-charter.html">IETF -Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group (calsch)</a> covers time zone -data; see its VTIMEZONE calendar component.</li> -<li>The <a -href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-calendar/">www-rdf-calendar</a> -list discusses <a href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/">RDF</a>-based calendar -and group scheduling systems, and has a <a -href="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/#tzd">workspace on time zone -data</a> converted from <code>tz</code>. An earlier <a -href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/foo">schema</a> was sketched out by <a -href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/">Tim Berners-Lee</a>.</li> -<li><a -href="http://www.calsch.org/ietf/archives/draft-ietf-calsch-many-xcal-02.txt">XCal</a> -was a draft <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">XML</a> document type -definition that corresponded to iCalendar.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Other <code>tz</code> compilers</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="http://www.dachaplin.dsl.pipex.com/vzic">Vzic iCalendar -Timezone Converter</a> describes a program Vzic that compiles -<code>tz</code> source into iCalendar-compatible VTIMEZONE files. -Vzic is freely -available under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU -General Public License (GPL)</a>.</li> -<li><a -href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime-TimeZone/">DateTime::TimeZone</a> -contains a script <code>parse_olson</code> that compiles -<code>tz</code> source into <a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a> -modules. It is part of the Perl <a -href="http://datetime.perl.org/">DateTime Project</a>, which is freely -available under both the GPL and the Perl <a -href="http://www.perl.com/language/misc/Artistic.html">Artistic -License</a>. DateTime::TimeZone also contains a script -<code>tests_from_zdump</code> that generates test cases for each clock -transition in the <code>tz</code> database.</li> -<li><a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/">International Components for -Unicode (ICU)</a> contains a C/C++ library for internationalization that -has a compiler from <samp>tz</samp> source into an ICU-specific format. -ICU is freely available under a BSD-style license.</li> -<li><a href="http://joda-time.sourceforge.net/">Joda Time - Java date -and time API</a> contains a class -<code>org.joda.time.tz.ZoneInfoCompiler</code> that compiles -<code>tz</code> source into a Joda-specific binary format. Joda Time -is freely available under a BSD-style license.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Other <code>tz</code> binary file readers</h2> -<ul> -<li>The <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</a> -has an independent, thread-safe implementation of -a <code>tz</code> binary file reader. -This library is freely available under the -<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html"> -GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</a>, -and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</a> -is a <code>tz</code> binary file reader written in Java. -It is freely available under the GNU LGPL.</li> -<li><a href="http://s.keim.free.fr/tz/doc.html">Python time zones</a> -is a <code>tz</code> binary file reader written in <a -href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a>. It is freely available -under a BSD-style license.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Other <code>tz</code>-based time zone conversion software</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="http://java.sun.com/">Sun Java</a> releases since 1.4 -contain a copy of a recent <samp>tz</samp> database in a Java-specific -format.</li> -<li><a -href="http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/AboutTimeZonesHC.html">HyperCard -time zones calculator</a> is a HyperCard stack.</li> -<li><a -href="http://www.cimmyt.org/timezone/">World Time Explorer</a> is a -Microsoft Windows program.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Other time zone databases</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="http://www.astro.com/cgi-bin/atlw3/aq.cgi?lang=e">Atlas Query -- Astrodienst</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's -excellent time zone history atlases published in both <a -href="http://astrocom.com/software/pcatlas.php">computer</a> and <a -href="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.php#SHANKS">book</a> form by <a -href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</a>.</li> -<li><a href="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas, -time info, public holidays</a> -contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset, -and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a> -is another time zone database.</li> -<li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a> -contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory -(USNO), used as the source -for the <code>usno*</code> files in the <code>tz</code> distribution.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.airportcitycodes.com/aaa/">Airlines, Airplanes -and Airports</a> lists current standard times for thousands of -airports around the world. This seems to be derived from -the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/publications/">Standard -Schedules Information Manual (SSIM)</a> of the -the <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport -Association</a>, -which gives current time zone rules for -all the airports served by commercial aviation.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Maps</h2> -<ul> -<li>The <a href="http://www.odci.gov/">United States Central -Intelligence Agency (CIA)</a> publishes a <a -href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/pdf/time_zones.pdf">time -zone map</a>; the -<a -href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world.html">Perry-Castañeda -Library Map Collection</a> -of the University of Texas at Austin has copies of -recent editions. -The pictorial quality is good, -but the maps do not indicate summer time, -and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li> -<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/">World timezones map with -current time</a> -has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well. -The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's -but the maps are more up to date.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Time zone boundaries</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="http://home-4.tiscali.nl/~t876506/Multizones.html">Time -zone boundaries for multizone countries</a> summarizes legal -boundaries between time zones within countries.</li> -<li>Manifold.net's <a -href="http://www.manifold.net/download/freemaps.html">Free Maps and -GIS Data</a> includes a Manifold-format map of world time zone -boundaries distributed under the GPL. The GeoCommunity's <a -href="http://software.geocomm.com/data/intl_timezones.html">International -Time Zones</a> publishes the same data in other formats.</li> -<li>The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of the United States -publishes the <a href="http://www.nationalatlas.gov/timeznm.html">Time -Zones of the United States</a> in the public domain.</li> -<li>The GeoCommunity lists several commercial sources for <a -href="http://spatialnews.geocomm.com/features/timezones/">International -Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Civil time concepts and history</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="http://physics.nist.gov/time">A Walk through Time</a> -surveys the evolution of timekeeping.</li> -<li><a href="http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">About Daylight -Saving Time - History, rationale, laws and dates</a> -is an overall history of DST.</li> -<li><a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/">The -Time of Internet</a> -describes time zones and daylight saving time, -with diagrams. -The time zone map is out of date, however.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm">A History of -the International Date Line</a> tells the story of the most important -time zone boundary.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.statoids.com/tconcept.html">Basic Time -Zone Concepts</a> discusses terminological issues behind time zones.</li> -</ul> -<h2>National histories of legal time</h2> -<dl> -<dt>Australia</dt> -<dd>The Community Relations Division of the New South Wales (NSW) -Attorney General's Department maintains a <a -href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">history of -daylight saving in NSW</a>.</dd> -<dt>Austria</dt> -<dd>The Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying publishes a -table of <a href="http://www.metrologie.at/pdf/sommerzeit.pdf" -hreflang="de">daylight saving time in Austria (in German)</a>.</dd> -<dt>Belgium</dt> -<dd>The Royal Observatory of Belgium maintains a table of <a -href="http://www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html" -hreflang="nl">time in Belgium (in Dutch)</a>.</dd> -<dt>Brazil</dt> -<dd>The Time Service Department of the National Observatory -records <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html" -hreflang="pt-BR">Brazil's daylight saving time decrees (in -Portuguese)</a>.</dd> -<dt>Canada</dt> -<dd>The Institute for National Measurement Standards publishes current -and some older information about <a -href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/time_services/daylight_savings_e.html">Time -Zones and Daylight Saving Time</a>.</dd> -<dt>Chile</dt> -<dd>WebExhibits publishes a <a -href="http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/chile.html" -hreflang="es">history of official time (in Spanish)</a> originally -written by the Chilean Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service.</dd> -<dt>Germany</dt> -<dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains the <a -href="http://www.ptb.de/en/org/4/44/441/dars_e.htm">Realisation of -Legal Time in Germany</a>.</dd> -<dt>Israel</dt> -<dd>The Interior Ministry periodically issues <a -href="ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/" -hreflang="he">announcements (in Hebrew)</a>.</dd> -<dt>Mexico</dt> -<dd>The Investigation and Analysis Service of the Mexican Library of -Congress has published a <a -href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/" -hreflang="es">history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)</a>.</dd> -<dt>Malaysia</dt> -<dd>See Singapore below.</dd> -<dt>Netherlands</dt> -<dd><a href="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm" -hreflang="nl">Legal time in the Netherlands (in Dutch)</a> -covers the history of local time in the Netherlands from ancient times.</dd> -<dt>New Zealand</dt> -<dd>The Department of Internal Affairs maintains a brief history <a -href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Resource-material-Information-We-Provide-About-Daylight-Saving">about -daylight saving</a>. The privately-maintained <a -href="http://www.astrologyhouse.co.nz/timechanges.htm">Time Changes in -New Zealand</a> has more details.</dd> -<dt>Singapore</dt> -<dd><a -href="http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html">Why -is Singapore in the "Wrong" Time Zone?</a> details the -history of legal time in Singapore and Malaysia.</dd> -<dt>United Kingdom</dt> -<dd><a -href="http://www.srcf.ucam.org/~jsm28/british-time/">History of -legal time in Britain</a> discusses in detail the country -with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments. -The National Physical Laboratory also maintains an <a -href="http://www.npl.co.uk/time/summer_time_archive.html">archive -of summer time dates</a>.</dd> -</dl> -<h2>Precision timekeeping</h2> -<ul> -<li><a -href="http://literature.agilent.com/litwebbin/purl.cgi?org_id=tmo&pub_id=5965-7984E">The -Science of Timekeeping</a> is a thorough introduction -to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/">NTP: The Network Time Protocol</a> -discusses how to synchronize clocks of -Internet hosts.</li> -<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.txt" -charset="macintosh">A -Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</a> -answers questions like "What is the difference between GMT and UTC?"</li> -<li><a -href="http://www.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical -Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG, -and TDB.</li> -<li>The <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a>'s <a -href="http://www.iau-sofa.rl.ac.uk/">Standards Of Fundamental -Astronomy</a> (SOFA) initiative publishes Fortran code for converting -among time scales like TAI, TDB, TT and UTC.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Basics of -Space Flight - Reference Systems - Time Conventions</a> -briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li> -<li><a -href="http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html">Technical -Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock</a> briefly -describes Mars Coordinated Time (MTC) and the diverse local time -scales used by each landed mission on Mars.</li> -<li><a -href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/products/bulletins/bulletins.html">Bulletins -maintained by the IERS EOP (PC)</a> contains official publications of -the Earth Orientation Parameters Product Center of the -International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides -when leap seconds occur.</li> -<li>The <a -href="http://www.mail-archive.com/leapsecs@rom.usno.navy.mil/">Leap -Second Discussion List</a> covers McCarthy and Klepczynski's proposal -to discontinue leap seconds, published in <a -href="http://www.gpsworld.com/">GPS World</a> <strong>10</strong>, 11 -(1999-11), 50–57 and discussed further in R. A. Nelson et al., -<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/metrologia-leapsecond.pdf">The -leap second: its history and possible future</a>, -<a href="http://www.bipm.fr/metrologia/metrologia.html">Metrologia</a> -<strong>38</strong> (2001), 509–529. -<a href="http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/onlinebib.html">The -Future of Leap Seconds</a> catalogs information about this -contentious issue.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Time notation</h2> -<ul> -<li> -<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of -the International Standard Date and Time Notation</a> is a good -summary of ISO -8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange -- Representation of dates and times (which has been superseded by -<a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=26780">ISO 8601:2000</a>).</li> -<li> -Section 3.3 of <a -href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">Internet RFC 2822</a> -specifies the time notation used in email and <a -href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2616.txt">HTTP</a> headers.</li> -<li> -<a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3339.txt">Internet RFC -3339</a> specifies an ISO 8601 profile for use in new Internet -protocols.</li> -<li> -<a href="http://www.exit109.com/~ghealton/y2k/yrexamples.html">The -Best of Dates, the Worst of Dates</a> covers many problems encountered -by software developers when handling dates and time stamps.</li> -<li> -Alphabetic time zone abbreviations should not be used as unique -identifiers for UTC offsets as they are ambiguous in practice. For -example, "EST" denotes 5 hours behind UTC in English-speaking North -America, but it denotes 10 or 11 hours ahead of UTC in Australia; -and French-speaking North Americans prefer "HNE" to "EST". For -compatibility with <a href="http://www.pasc.org/#POSIX">POSIX</a> the -<code>tz</code> database contains English abbreviations for all time -stamps but in many cases these are merely inventions of the database -maintainers.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Related indexes</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li> -<li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory - -Reference: Time</a></li> -<li><a href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Reference/Time/">Google Directory - Reference > Time</a></li> -<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/">Yahoo! Science > Measurements and Units > Time</a></li> -</ul> -</body> -</html> |