/* $OpenBSD: sshconnect.c,v 1.305 2018/09/20 03:30:44 djm Exp $ */ /* * Author: Tatu Ylonen * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen , Espoo, Finland * All rights reserved * Code to connect to a remote host, and to perform the client side of the * login (authentication) dialog. * * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software * can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell". */ #include "includes.h" __RCSID("$FreeBSD$"); #include #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H # include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H #include #endif #include #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H #include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_IFADDRS_H # include #endif #include "xmalloc.h" #include "hostfile.h" #include "ssh.h" #include "sshbuf.h" #include "packet.h" #include "compat.h" #include "sshkey.h" #include "sshconnect.h" #include "hostfile.h" #include "log.h" #include "misc.h" #include "readconf.h" #include "atomicio.h" #include "dns.h" #include "monitor_fdpass.h" #include "ssh2.h" #include "version.h" #include "authfile.h" #include "ssherr.h" #include "authfd.h" char *client_version_string = NULL; char *server_version_string = NULL; struct sshkey *previous_host_key = NULL; static int matching_host_key_dns = 0; static pid_t proxy_command_pid = 0; /* import */ extern Options options; extern char *__progname; static int show_other_keys(struct hostkeys *, struct sshkey *); static void warn_changed_key(struct sshkey *); /* Expand a proxy command */ static char * expand_proxy_command(const char *proxy_command, const char *user, const char *host, int port) { char *tmp, *ret, strport[NI_MAXSERV]; snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%d", port); xasprintf(&tmp, "exec %s", proxy_command); ret = percent_expand(tmp, "h", host, "p", strport, "r", options.user, (char *)NULL); free(tmp); return ret; } /* * Connect to the given ssh server using a proxy command that passes a * a connected fd back to us. */ static int ssh_proxy_fdpass_connect(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, u_short port, const char *proxy_command) { char *command_string; int sp[2], sock; pid_t pid; char *shell; if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL) shell = _PATH_BSHELL; if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sp) < 0) fatal("Could not create socketpair to communicate with " "proxy dialer: %.100s", strerror(errno)); command_string = expand_proxy_command(proxy_command, options.user, host, port); debug("Executing proxy dialer command: %.500s", command_string); /* Fork and execute the proxy command. */ if ((pid = fork()) == 0) { char *argv[10]; close(sp[1]); /* Redirect stdin and stdout. */ if (sp[0] != 0) { if (dup2(sp[0], 0) < 0) perror("dup2 stdin"); } if (sp[0] != 1) { if (dup2(sp[0], 1) < 0) perror("dup2 stdout"); } if (sp[0] >= 2) close(sp[0]); /* * Stderr is left as it is so that error messages get * printed on the user's terminal. */ argv[0] = shell; argv[1] = "-c"; argv[2] = command_string; argv[3] = NULL; /* * Execute the proxy command. * Note that we gave up any extra privileges above. */ execv(argv[0], argv); perror(argv[0]); exit(1); } /* Parent. */ if (pid < 0) fatal("fork failed: %.100s", strerror(errno)); close(sp[0]); free(command_string); if ((sock = mm_receive_fd(sp[1])) == -1) fatal("proxy dialer did not pass back a connection"); close(sp[1]); while (waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) == -1) if (errno != EINTR) fatal("Couldn't wait for child: %s", strerror(errno)); /* Set the connection file descriptors. */ if (ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, sock, sock) == NULL) return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */ return 0; } /* * Connect to the given ssh server using a proxy command. */ static int ssh_proxy_connect(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, u_short port, const char *proxy_command) { char *command_string; int pin[2], pout[2]; pid_t pid; char *shell; if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL || *shell == '\0') shell = _PATH_BSHELL; /* Create pipes for communicating with the proxy. */ if (pipe(pin) < 0 || pipe(pout) < 0) fatal("Could not create pipes to communicate with the proxy: %.100s", strerror(errno)); command_string = expand_proxy_command(proxy_command, options.user, host, port); debug("Executing proxy command: %.500s", command_string); /* Fork and execute the proxy command. */ if ((pid = fork()) == 0) { char *argv[10]; /* Redirect stdin and stdout. */ close(pin[1]); if (pin[0] != 0) { if (dup2(pin[0], 0) < 0) perror("dup2 stdin"); close(pin[0]); } close(pout[0]); if (dup2(pout[1], 1) < 0) perror("dup2 stdout"); /* Cannot be 1 because pin allocated two descriptors. */ close(pout[1]); /* Stderr is left as it is so that error messages get printed on the user's terminal. */ argv[0] = shell; argv[1] = "-c"; argv[2] = command_string; argv[3] = NULL; /* Execute the proxy command. Note that we gave up any extra privileges above. */ signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL); execv(argv[0], argv); perror(argv[0]); exit(1); } /* Parent. */ if (pid < 0) fatal("fork failed: %.100s", strerror(errno)); else proxy_command_pid = pid; /* save pid to clean up later */ /* Close child side of the descriptors. */ close(pin[0]); close(pout[1]); /* Free the command name. */ free(command_string); /* Set the connection file descriptors. */ if (ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, pout[0], pin[1]) == NULL) return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */ return 0; } void ssh_kill_proxy_command(void) { /* * Send SIGHUP to proxy command if used. We don't wait() in * case it hangs and instead rely on init to reap the child */ if (proxy_command_pid > 1) kill(proxy_command_pid, SIGHUP); } #ifdef HAVE_IFADDRS_H /* * Search a interface address list (returned from getifaddrs(3)) for an * address that matches the desired address family on the specified interface. * Returns 0 and fills in *resultp and *rlenp on success. Returns -1 on failure. */ static int check_ifaddrs(const char *ifname, int af, const struct ifaddrs *ifaddrs, struct sockaddr_storage *resultp, socklen_t *rlenp) { struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6; struct sockaddr_in *sa; struct in6_addr *v6addr; const struct ifaddrs *ifa; int allow_local; /* * Prefer addresses that are not loopback or linklocal, but use them * if nothing else matches. */ for (allow_local = 0; allow_local < 2; allow_local++) { for (ifa = ifaddrs; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) { if (ifa->ifa_addr == NULL || ifa->ifa_name == NULL || (ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_UP) == 0 || ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family != af || strcmp(ifa->ifa_name, options.bind_interface) != 0) continue; switch (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family) { case AF_INET: sa = (struct sockaddr_in *)ifa->ifa_addr; if (!allow_local && sa->sin_addr.s_addr == htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK)) continue; if (*rlenp < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) { error("%s: v4 addr doesn't fit", __func__); return -1; } *rlenp = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in); memcpy(resultp, sa, *rlenp); return 0; case AF_INET6: sa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)ifa->ifa_addr; v6addr = &sa6->sin6_addr; if (!allow_local && (IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(v6addr) || IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(v6addr))) continue; if (*rlenp < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)) { error("%s: v6 addr doesn't fit", __func__); return -1; } *rlenp = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6); memcpy(resultp, sa6, *rlenp); return 0; } } } return -1; } #endif /* * Creates a socket for use as the ssh connection. */ static int ssh_create_socket(struct addrinfo *ai) { int sock, r; struct sockaddr_storage bindaddr; socklen_t bindaddrlen = 0; struct addrinfo hints, *res = NULL; #ifdef HAVE_IFADDRS_H struct ifaddrs *ifaddrs = NULL; #endif char ntop[NI_MAXHOST]; sock = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol); if (sock < 0) { error("socket: %s", strerror(errno)); return -1; } fcntl(sock, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC); /* Bind the socket to an alternative local IP address */ if (options.bind_address == NULL && options.bind_interface == NULL) return sock; if (options.bind_address != NULL) { memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = ai->ai_family; hints.ai_socktype = ai->ai_socktype; hints.ai_protocol = ai->ai_protocol; hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; if ((r = getaddrinfo(options.bind_address, NULL, &hints, &res)) != 0) { error("getaddrinfo: %s: %s", options.bind_address, ssh_gai_strerror(r)); goto fail; } if (res == NULL) { error("getaddrinfo: no addrs"); goto fail; } if (res->ai_addrlen > sizeof(bindaddr)) { error("%s: addr doesn't fit", __func__); goto fail; } memcpy(&bindaddr, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen); bindaddrlen = res->ai_addrlen; } else if (options.bind_interface != NULL) { #ifdef HAVE_IFADDRS_H if ((r = getifaddrs(&ifaddrs)) != 0) { error("getifaddrs: %s: %s", options.bind_interface, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } bindaddrlen = sizeof(bindaddr); if (check_ifaddrs(options.bind_interface, ai->ai_family, ifaddrs, &bindaddr, &bindaddrlen) != 0) { logit("getifaddrs: %s: no suitable addresses", options.bind_interface); goto fail; } #else error("BindInterface not supported on this platform."); #endif } if ((r = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&bindaddr, bindaddrlen, ntop, sizeof(ntop), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) != 0) { error("%s: getnameinfo failed: %s", __func__, ssh_gai_strerror(r)); goto fail; } if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&bindaddr, bindaddrlen) != 0) { error("bind %s: %s", ntop, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } debug("%s: bound to %s", __func__, ntop); /* success */ goto out; fail: close(sock); sock = -1; out: if (res != NULL) freeaddrinfo(res); #ifdef HAVE_IFADDRS_H if (ifaddrs != NULL) freeifaddrs(ifaddrs); #endif return sock; } /* * Wait up to *timeoutp milliseconds for fd to be readable. Updates * *timeoutp with time remaining. * Returns 0 if fd ready or -1 on timeout or error (see errno). */ static int waitrfd(int fd, int *timeoutp) { struct pollfd pfd; struct timeval t_start; int oerrno, r; monotime_tv(&t_start); pfd.fd = fd; pfd.events = POLLIN; for (; *timeoutp >= 0;) { r = poll(&pfd, 1, *timeoutp); oerrno = errno; ms_subtract_diff(&t_start, timeoutp); errno = oerrno; if (r > 0) return 0; else if (r == -1 && errno != EAGAIN) return -1; else if (r == 0) break; } /* timeout */ errno = ETIMEDOUT; return -1; } static int timeout_connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *serv_addr, socklen_t addrlen, int *timeoutp) { int optval = 0; socklen_t optlen = sizeof(optval); /* No timeout: just do a blocking connect() */ if (*timeoutp <= 0) return connect(sockfd, serv_addr, addrlen); set_nonblock(sockfd); if (connect(sockfd, serv_addr, addrlen) == 0) { /* Succeeded already? */ unset_nonblock(sockfd); return 0; } else if (errno != EINPROGRESS) return -1; if (waitrfd(sockfd, timeoutp) == -1) return -1; /* Completed or failed */ if (getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &optval, &optlen) == -1) { debug("getsockopt: %s", strerror(errno)); return -1; } if (optval != 0) { errno = optval; return -1; } unset_nonblock(sockfd); return 0; } /* * Opens a TCP/IP connection to the remote server on the given host. * The address of the remote host will be returned in hostaddr. * If port is 0, the default port will be used. * Connection_attempts specifies the maximum number of tries (one per * second). If proxy_command is non-NULL, it specifies the command (with %h * and %p substituted for host and port, respectively) to use to contact * the daemon. */ static int ssh_connect_direct(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, struct addrinfo *aitop, struct sockaddr_storage *hostaddr, u_short port, int family, int connection_attempts, int *timeout_ms, int want_keepalive) { int on = 1; int oerrno, sock = -1, attempt; char ntop[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV]; struct addrinfo *ai; debug2("%s", __func__); memset(ntop, 0, sizeof(ntop)); memset(strport, 0, sizeof(strport)); for (attempt = 0; attempt < connection_attempts; attempt++) { if (attempt > 0) { /* Sleep a moment before retrying. */ sleep(1); debug("Trying again..."); } /* * Loop through addresses for this host, and try each one in * sequence until the connection succeeds. */ for (ai = aitop; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) { if (ai->ai_family != AF_INET && ai->ai_family != AF_INET6) { errno = EAFNOSUPPORT; continue; } if (getnameinfo(ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen, ntop, sizeof(ntop), strport, sizeof(strport), NI_NUMERICHOST|NI_NUMERICSERV) != 0) { oerrno = errno; error("%s: getnameinfo failed", __func__); errno = oerrno; continue; } debug("Connecting to %.200s [%.100s] port %s.", host, ntop, strport); /* Create a socket for connecting. */ sock = ssh_create_socket(ai); if (sock < 0) { /* Any error is already output */ errno = 0; continue; } if (timeout_connect(sock, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen, timeout_ms) >= 0) { /* Successful connection. */ memcpy(hostaddr, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen); break; } else { oerrno = errno; debug("connect to address %s port %s: %s", ntop, strport, strerror(errno)); close(sock); sock = -1; errno = oerrno; } } if (sock != -1) break; /* Successful connection. */ } /* Return failure if we didn't get a successful connection. */ if (sock == -1) { error("ssh: connect to host %s port %s: %s", host, strport, errno == 0 ? "failure" : strerror(errno)); return -1; } debug("Connection established."); /* Set SO_KEEPALIVE if requested. */ if (want_keepalive && setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void *)&on, sizeof(on)) < 0) error("setsockopt SO_KEEPALIVE: %.100s", strerror(errno)); /* Set the connection. */ if (ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, sock, sock) == NULL) return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */ return 0; } int ssh_connect(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, struct addrinfo *addrs, struct sockaddr_storage *hostaddr, u_short port, int family, int connection_attempts, int *timeout_ms, int want_keepalive) { if (options.proxy_command == NULL) { return ssh_connect_direct(ssh, host, addrs, hostaddr, port, family, connection_attempts, timeout_ms, want_keepalive); } else if (strcmp(options.proxy_command, "-") == 0) { if ((ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO)) == NULL) return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */ return 0; } else if (options.proxy_use_fdpass) { return ssh_proxy_fdpass_connect(ssh, host, port, options.proxy_command); } return ssh_proxy_connect(ssh, host, port, options.proxy_command); } static void send_client_banner(int connection_out, int minor1) { /* Send our own protocol version identification. */ xasprintf(&client_version_string, "SSH-%d.%d-%.100s%s%s\n", PROTOCOL_MAJOR_2, PROTOCOL_MINOR_2, SSH_VERSION, *options.version_addendum == '\0' ? "" : " ", options.version_addendum); if (atomicio(vwrite, connection_out, client_version_string, strlen(client_version_string)) != strlen(client_version_string)) fatal("write: %.100s", strerror(errno)); chop(client_version_string); debug("Local version string %.100s", client_version_string); } /* * Waits for the server identification string, and sends our own * identification string. */ void ssh_exchange_identification(int timeout_ms) { char buf[256], remote_version[256]; /* must be same size! */ int remote_major, remote_minor, mismatch; int connection_in = packet_get_connection_in(); int connection_out = packet_get_connection_out(); u_int i, n; size_t len; int rc; send_client_banner(connection_out, 0); /* Read other side's version identification. */ for (n = 0;;) { for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buf) - 1; i++) { if (timeout_ms > 0) { rc = waitrfd(connection_in, &timeout_ms); if (rc == -1 && errno == ETIMEDOUT) { fatal("Connection timed out during " "banner exchange"); } else if (rc == -1) { fatal("%s: %s", __func__, strerror(errno)); } } len = atomicio(read, connection_in, &buf[i], 1); if (len != 1 && errno == EPIPE) fatal("ssh_exchange_identification: " "Connection closed by remote host"); else if (len != 1) fatal("ssh_exchange_identification: " "read: %.100s", strerror(errno)); if (buf[i] == '\r') { buf[i] = '\n'; buf[i + 1] = 0; continue; /**XXX wait for \n */ } if (buf[i] == '\n') { buf[i + 1] = 0; break; } if (++n > 65536) fatal("ssh_exchange_identification: " "No banner received"); } buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0; if (strncmp(buf, "SSH-", 4) == 0) break; debug("ssh_exchange_identification: %s", buf); } server_version_string = xstrdup(buf); /* * Check that the versions match. In future this might accept * several versions and set appropriate flags to handle them. */ if (sscanf(server_version_string, "SSH-%d.%d-%[^\n]\n", &remote_major, &remote_minor, remote_version) != 3) fatal("Bad remote protocol version identification: '%.100s'", buf); debug("Remote protocol version %d.%d, remote software version %.100s", remote_major, remote_minor, remote_version); active_state->compat = compat_datafellows(remote_version); mismatch = 0; switch (remote_major) { case 2: break; case 1: if (remote_minor != 99) mismatch = 1; break; default: mismatch = 1; break; } if (mismatch) fatal("Protocol major versions differ: %d vs. %d", PROTOCOL_MAJOR_2, remote_major); if ((datafellows & SSH_BUG_RSASIGMD5) != 0) logit("Server version \"%.100s\" uses unsafe RSA signature " "scheme; disabling use of RSA keys", remote_version); chop(server_version_string); } /* defaults to 'no' */ static int confirm(const char *prompt) { const char *msg, *again = "Please type 'yes' or 'no': "; char *p; int ret = -1; if (options.batch_mode) return 0; for (msg = prompt;;msg = again) { p = read_passphrase(msg, RP_ECHO); if (p == NULL) return 0; p[strcspn(p, "\n")] = '\0'; if (p[0] == '\0' || strcasecmp(p, "no") == 0) ret = 0; else if (strcasecmp(p, "yes") == 0) ret = 1; free(p); if (ret != -1) return ret; } } static int check_host_cert(const char *host, const struct sshkey *key) { const char *reason; int r; if (sshkey_cert_check_authority(key, 1, 0, host, &reason) != 0) { error("%s", reason); return 0; } if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) != 0) { error("Certificate for %s contains unsupported " "critical options(s)", host); return 0; } if ((r = sshkey_check_cert_sigtype(key, options.ca_sign_algorithms)) != 0) { logit("%s: certificate signature algorithm %s: %s", __func__, (key->cert == NULL || key->cert->signature_type == NULL) ? "(null)" : key->cert->signature_type, ssh_err(r)); return 0; } return 1; } static int sockaddr_is_local(struct sockaddr *hostaddr) { switch (hostaddr->sa_family) { case AF_INET: return (ntohl(((struct sockaddr_in *)hostaddr)-> sin_addr.s_addr) >> 24) == IN_LOOPBACKNET; case AF_INET6: return IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK( &(((struct sockaddr_in6 *)hostaddr)->sin6_addr)); default: return 0; } } /* * Prepare the hostname and ip address strings that are used to lookup * host keys in known_hosts files. These may have a port number appended. */ void get_hostfile_hostname_ipaddr(char *hostname, struct sockaddr *hostaddr, u_short port, char **hostfile_hostname, char **hostfile_ipaddr) { char ntop[NI_MAXHOST]; socklen_t addrlen; switch (hostaddr == NULL ? -1 : hostaddr->sa_family) { case -1: addrlen = 0; break; case AF_INET: addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in); break; case AF_INET6: addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6); break; default: addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr); break; } /* * We don't have the remote ip-address for connections * using a proxy command */ if (hostfile_ipaddr != NULL) { if (options.proxy_command == NULL) { if (getnameinfo(hostaddr, addrlen, ntop, sizeof(ntop), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0) fatal("%s: getnameinfo failed", __func__); *hostfile_ipaddr = put_host_port(ntop, port); } else { *hostfile_ipaddr = xstrdup(""); } } /* * Allow the user to record the key under a different name or * differentiate a non-standard port. This is useful for ssh * tunneling over forwarded connections or if you run multiple * sshd's on different ports on the same machine. */ if (hostfile_hostname != NULL) { if (options.host_key_alias != NULL) { *hostfile_hostname = xstrdup(options.host_key_alias); debug("using hostkeyalias: %s", *hostfile_hostname); } else { *hostfile_hostname = put_host_port(hostname, port); } } } /* * check whether the supplied host key is valid, return -1 if the key * is not valid. user_hostfile[0] will not be updated if 'readonly' is true. */ #define RDRW 0 #define RDONLY 1 #define ROQUIET 2 static int check_host_key(char *hostname, struct sockaddr *hostaddr, u_short port, struct sshkey *host_key, int readonly, char **user_hostfiles, u_int num_user_hostfiles, char **system_hostfiles, u_int num_system_hostfiles) { HostStatus host_status; HostStatus ip_status; struct sshkey *raw_key = NULL; char *ip = NULL, *host = NULL; char hostline[1000], *hostp, *fp, *ra; char msg[1024]; const char *type; const struct hostkey_entry *host_found, *ip_found; int len, cancelled_forwarding = 0; int local = sockaddr_is_local(hostaddr); int r, want_cert = sshkey_is_cert(host_key), host_ip_differ = 0; int hostkey_trusted = 0; /* Known or explicitly accepted by user */ struct hostkeys *host_hostkeys, *ip_hostkeys; u_int i; /* * Force accepting of the host key for loopback/localhost. The * problem is that if the home directory is NFS-mounted to multiple * machines, localhost will refer to a different machine in each of * them, and the user will get bogus HOST_CHANGED warnings. This * essentially disables host authentication for localhost; however, * this is probably not a real problem. */ if (options.no_host_authentication_for_localhost == 1 && local && options.host_key_alias == NULL) { debug("Forcing accepting of host key for " "loopback/localhost."); return 0; } /* * Prepare the hostname and address strings used for hostkey lookup. * In some cases, these will have a port number appended. */ get_hostfile_hostname_ipaddr(hostname, hostaddr, port, &host, &ip); /* * Turn off check_host_ip if the connection is to localhost, via proxy * command or if we don't have a hostname to compare with */ if (options.check_host_ip && (local || strcmp(hostname, ip) == 0 || options.proxy_command != NULL)) options.check_host_ip = 0; host_hostkeys = init_hostkeys(); for (i = 0; i < num_user_hostfiles; i++) load_hostkeys(host_hostkeys, host, user_hostfiles[i]); for (i = 0; i < num_system_hostfiles; i++) load_hostkeys(host_hostkeys, host, system_hostfiles[i]); ip_hostkeys = NULL; if (!want_cert && options.check_host_ip) { ip_hostkeys = init_hostkeys(); for (i = 0; i < num_user_hostfiles; i++) load_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys, ip, user_hostfiles[i]); for (i = 0; i < num_system_hostfiles; i++) load_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys, ip, system_hostfiles[i]); } retry: /* Reload these as they may have changed on cert->key downgrade */ want_cert = sshkey_is_cert(host_key); type = sshkey_type(host_key); /* * Check if the host key is present in the user's list of known * hosts or in the systemwide list. */ host_status = check_key_in_hostkeys(host_hostkeys, host_key, &host_found); /* * Also perform check for the ip address, skip the check if we are * localhost, looking for a certificate, or the hostname was an ip * address to begin with. */ if (!want_cert && ip_hostkeys != NULL) { ip_status = check_key_in_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys, host_key, &ip_found); if (host_status == HOST_CHANGED && (ip_status != HOST_CHANGED || (ip_found != NULL && !sshkey_equal(ip_found->key, host_found->key)))) host_ip_differ = 1; } else ip_status = host_status; switch (host_status) { case HOST_OK: /* The host is known and the key matches. */ debug("Host '%.200s' is known and matches the %s host %s.", host, type, want_cert ? "certificate" : "key"); debug("Found %s in %s:%lu", want_cert ? "CA key" : "key", host_found->file, host_found->line); if (want_cert && !check_host_cert(options.host_key_alias == NULL ? hostname : options.host_key_alias, host_key)) goto fail; if (options.check_host_ip && ip_status == HOST_NEW) { if (readonly || want_cert) logit("%s host key for IP address " "'%.128s' not in list of known hosts.", type, ip); else if (!add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], ip, host_key, options.hash_known_hosts)) logit("Failed to add the %s host key for IP " "address '%.128s' to the list of known " "hosts (%.500s).", type, ip, user_hostfiles[0]); else logit("Warning: Permanently added the %s host " "key for IP address '%.128s' to the list " "of known hosts.", type, ip); } else if (options.visual_host_key) { fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); ra = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART); if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL) fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__); logit("Host key fingerprint is %s\n%s", fp, ra); free(ra); free(fp); } hostkey_trusted = 1; break; case HOST_NEW: if (options.host_key_alias == NULL && port != 0 && port != SSH_DEFAULT_PORT) { debug("checking without port identifier"); if (check_host_key(hostname, hostaddr, 0, host_key, ROQUIET, user_hostfiles, num_user_hostfiles, system_hostfiles, num_system_hostfiles) == 0) { debug("found matching key w/out port"); break; } } if (readonly || want_cert) goto fail; /* The host is new. */ if (options.strict_host_key_checking == SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_YES) { /* * User has requested strict host key checking. We * will not add the host key automatically. The only * alternative left is to abort. */ error("No %s host key is known for %.200s and you " "have requested strict checking.", type, host); goto fail; } else if (options.strict_host_key_checking == SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_ASK) { char msg1[1024], msg2[1024]; if (show_other_keys(host_hostkeys, host_key)) snprintf(msg1, sizeof(msg1), "\nbut keys of different type are already" " known for this host."); else snprintf(msg1, sizeof(msg1), "."); /* The default */ fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); ra = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART); if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL) fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__); msg2[0] = '\0'; if (options.verify_host_key_dns) { if (matching_host_key_dns) snprintf(msg2, sizeof(msg2), "Matching host key fingerprint" " found in DNS.\n"); else snprintf(msg2, sizeof(msg2), "No matching host key fingerprint" " found in DNS.\n"); } snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "The authenticity of host '%.200s (%s)' can't be " "established%s\n" "%s key fingerprint is %s.%s%s\n%s" "Are you sure you want to continue connecting " "(yes/no)? ", host, ip, msg1, type, fp, options.visual_host_key ? "\n" : "", options.visual_host_key ? ra : "", msg2); free(ra); free(fp); if (!confirm(msg)) goto fail; hostkey_trusted = 1; /* user explicitly confirmed */ } /* * If in "new" or "off" strict mode, add the key automatically * to the local known_hosts file. */ if (options.check_host_ip && ip_status == HOST_NEW) { snprintf(hostline, sizeof(hostline), "%s,%s", host, ip); hostp = hostline; if (options.hash_known_hosts) { /* Add hash of host and IP separately */ r = add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], host, host_key, options.hash_known_hosts) && add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], ip, host_key, options.hash_known_hosts); } else { /* Add unhashed "host,ip" */ r = add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], hostline, host_key, options.hash_known_hosts); } } else { r = add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], host, host_key, options.hash_known_hosts); hostp = host; } if (!r) logit("Failed to add the host to the list of known " "hosts (%.500s).", user_hostfiles[0]); else logit("Warning: Permanently added '%.200s' (%s) to the " "list of known hosts.", hostp, type); break; case HOST_REVOKED: error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@"); error("@ WARNING: REVOKED HOST KEY DETECTED! @"); error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@"); error("The %s host key for %s is marked as revoked.", type, host); error("This could mean that a stolen key is being used to"); error("impersonate this host."); /* * If strict host key checking is in use, the user will have * to edit the key manually and we can only abort. */ if (options.strict_host_key_checking != SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_OFF) { error("%s host key for %.200s was revoked and you have " "requested strict checking.", type, host); goto fail; } goto continue_unsafe; case HOST_CHANGED: if (want_cert) { /* * This is only a debug() since it is valid to have * CAs with wildcard DNS matches that don't match * all hosts that one might visit. */ debug("Host certificate authority does not " "match %s in %s:%lu", CA_MARKER, host_found->file, host_found->line); goto fail; } if (readonly == ROQUIET) goto fail; if (options.check_host_ip && host_ip_differ) { char *key_msg; if (ip_status == HOST_NEW) key_msg = "is unknown"; else if (ip_status == HOST_OK) key_msg = "is unchanged"; else key_msg = "has a different value"; error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@"); error("@ WARNING: POSSIBLE DNS SPOOFING DETECTED! @"); error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@"); error("The %s host key for %s has changed,", type, host); error("and the key for the corresponding IP address %s", ip); error("%s. This could either mean that", key_msg); error("DNS SPOOFING is happening or the IP address for the host"); error("and its host key have changed at the same time."); if (ip_status != HOST_NEW) error("Offending key for IP in %s:%lu", ip_found->file, ip_found->line); } /* The host key has changed. */ warn_changed_key(host_key); error("Add correct host key in %.100s to get rid of this message.", user_hostfiles[0]); error("Offending %s key in %s:%lu", sshkey_type(host_found->key), host_found->file, host_found->line); /* * If strict host key checking is in use, the user will have * to edit the key manually and we can only abort. */ if (options.strict_host_key_checking != SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_OFF) { error("%s host key for %.200s has changed and you have " "requested strict checking.", type, host); goto fail; } continue_unsafe: /* * If strict host key checking has not been requested, allow * the connection but without MITM-able authentication or * forwarding. */ if (options.password_authentication) { error("Password authentication is disabled to avoid " "man-in-the-middle attacks."); options.password_authentication = 0; cancelled_forwarding = 1; } if (options.kbd_interactive_authentication) { error("Keyboard-interactive authentication is disabled" " to avoid man-in-the-middle attacks."); options.kbd_interactive_authentication = 0; options.challenge_response_authentication = 0; cancelled_forwarding = 1; } if (options.challenge_response_authentication) { error("Challenge/response authentication is disabled" " to avoid man-in-the-middle attacks."); options.challenge_response_authentication = 0; cancelled_forwarding = 1; } if (options.forward_agent) { error("Agent forwarding is disabled to avoid " "man-in-the-middle attacks."); options.forward_agent = 0; cancelled_forwarding = 1; } if (options.forward_x11) { error("X11 forwarding is disabled to avoid " "man-in-the-middle attacks."); options.forward_x11 = 0; cancelled_forwarding = 1; } if (options.num_local_forwards > 0 || options.num_remote_forwards > 0) { error("Port forwarding is disabled to avoid " "man-in-the-middle attacks."); options.num_local_forwards = options.num_remote_forwards = 0; cancelled_forwarding = 1; } if (options.tun_open != SSH_TUNMODE_NO) { error("Tunnel forwarding is disabled to avoid " "man-in-the-middle attacks."); options.tun_open = SSH_TUNMODE_NO; cancelled_forwarding = 1; } if (options.exit_on_forward_failure && cancelled_forwarding) fatal("Error: forwarding disabled due to host key " "check failure"); /* * XXX Should permit the user to change to use the new id. * This could be done by converting the host key to an * identifying sentence, tell that the host identifies itself * by that sentence, and ask the user if he/she wishes to * accept the authentication. */ break; case HOST_FOUND: fatal("internal error"); break; } if (options.check_host_ip && host_status != HOST_CHANGED && ip_status == HOST_CHANGED) { snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Warning: the %s host key for '%.200s' " "differs from the key for the IP address '%.128s'" "\nOffending key for IP in %s:%lu", type, host, ip, ip_found->file, ip_found->line); if (host_status == HOST_OK) { len = strlen(msg); snprintf(msg + len, sizeof(msg) - len, "\nMatching host key in %s:%lu", host_found->file, host_found->line); } if (options.strict_host_key_checking == SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_ASK) { strlcat(msg, "\nAre you sure you want " "to continue connecting (yes/no)? ", sizeof(msg)); if (!confirm(msg)) goto fail; } else if (options.strict_host_key_checking != SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_OFF) { logit("%s", msg); error("Exiting, you have requested strict checking."); goto fail; } else { logit("%s", msg); } } if (!hostkey_trusted && options.update_hostkeys) { debug("%s: hostkey not known or explicitly trusted: " "disabling UpdateHostkeys", __func__); options.update_hostkeys = 0; } free(ip); free(host); if (host_hostkeys != NULL) free_hostkeys(host_hostkeys); if (ip_hostkeys != NULL) free_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys); return 0; fail: if (want_cert && host_status != HOST_REVOKED) { /* * No matching certificate. Downgrade cert to raw key and * search normally. */ debug("No matching CA found. Retry with plain key"); if ((r = sshkey_from_private(host_key, &raw_key)) != 0) fatal("%s: sshkey_from_private: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r)); if ((r = sshkey_drop_cert(raw_key)) != 0) fatal("Couldn't drop certificate: %s", ssh_err(r)); host_key = raw_key; goto retry; } sshkey_free(raw_key); free(ip); free(host); if (host_hostkeys != NULL) free_hostkeys(host_hostkeys); if (ip_hostkeys != NULL) free_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys); return -1; } /* returns 0 if key verifies or -1 if key does NOT verify */ int verify_host_key(char *host, struct sockaddr *hostaddr, struct sshkey *host_key) { u_int i; int r = -1, flags = 0; char valid[64], *fp = NULL, *cafp = NULL; struct sshkey *plain = NULL; if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) { error("%s: fingerprint host key: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r)); r = -1; goto out; } if (sshkey_is_cert(host_key)) { if ((cafp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key->cert->signature_key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) { error("%s: fingerprint CA key: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r)); r = -1; goto out; } sshkey_format_cert_validity(host_key->cert, valid, sizeof(valid)); debug("Server host certificate: %s %s, serial %llu " "ID \"%s\" CA %s %s valid %s", sshkey_ssh_name(host_key), fp, (unsigned long long)host_key->cert->serial, host_key->cert->key_id, sshkey_ssh_name(host_key->cert->signature_key), cafp, valid); for (i = 0; i < host_key->cert->nprincipals; i++) { debug2("Server host certificate hostname: %s", host_key->cert->principals[i]); } } else { debug("Server host key: %s %s", sshkey_ssh_name(host_key), fp); } if (sshkey_equal(previous_host_key, host_key)) { debug2("%s: server host key %s %s matches cached key", __func__, sshkey_type(host_key), fp); r = 0; goto out; } /* Check in RevokedHostKeys file if specified */ if (options.revoked_host_keys != NULL) { r = sshkey_check_revoked(host_key, options.revoked_host_keys); switch (r) { case 0: break; /* not revoked */ case SSH_ERR_KEY_REVOKED: error("Host key %s %s revoked by file %s", sshkey_type(host_key), fp, options.revoked_host_keys); r = -1; goto out; default: error("Error checking host key %s %s in " "revoked keys file %s: %s", sshkey_type(host_key), fp, options.revoked_host_keys, ssh_err(r)); r = -1; goto out; } } if (options.verify_host_key_dns) { /* * XXX certs are not yet supported for DNS, so downgrade * them and try the plain key. */ if ((r = sshkey_from_private(host_key, &plain)) != 0) goto out; if (sshkey_is_cert(plain)) sshkey_drop_cert(plain); if (verify_host_key_dns(host, hostaddr, plain, &flags) == 0) { if (flags & DNS_VERIFY_FOUND) { if (options.verify_host_key_dns == 1 && flags & DNS_VERIFY_MATCH && flags & DNS_VERIFY_SECURE) { r = 0; goto out; } if (flags & DNS_VERIFY_MATCH) { matching_host_key_dns = 1; } else { warn_changed_key(plain); error("Update the SSHFP RR in DNS " "with the new host key to get rid " "of this message."); } } } } r = check_host_key(host, hostaddr, options.port, host_key, RDRW, options.user_hostfiles, options.num_user_hostfiles, options.system_hostfiles, options.num_system_hostfiles); out: sshkey_free(plain); free(fp); free(cafp); if (r == 0 && host_key != NULL) { sshkey_free(previous_host_key); r = sshkey_from_private(host_key, &previous_host_key); } return r; } /* * Starts a dialog with the server, and authenticates the current user on the * server. This does not need any extra privileges. The basic connection * to the server must already have been established before this is called. * If login fails, this function prints an error and never returns. * This function does not require super-user privileges. */ void ssh_login(Sensitive *sensitive, const char *orighost, struct sockaddr *hostaddr, u_short port, struct passwd *pw, int timeout_ms) { char *host; char *server_user, *local_user; local_user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name); server_user = options.user ? options.user : local_user; /* Convert the user-supplied hostname into all lowercase. */ host = xstrdup(orighost); lowercase(host); /* Exchange protocol version identification strings with the server. */ ssh_exchange_identification(timeout_ms); /* Put the connection into non-blocking mode. */ packet_set_nonblocking(); /* key exchange */ /* authenticate user */ debug("Authenticating to %s:%d as '%s'", host, port, server_user); ssh_kex2(host, hostaddr, port); ssh_userauth2(local_user, server_user, host, sensitive); free(local_user); } void ssh_put_password(char *password) { int size; char *padded; if (datafellows & SSH_BUG_PASSWORDPAD) { packet_put_cstring(password); return; } size = ROUNDUP(strlen(password) + 1, 32); padded = xcalloc(1, size); strlcpy(padded, password, size); packet_put_string(padded, size); explicit_bzero(padded, size); free(padded); } /* print all known host keys for a given host, but skip keys of given type */ static int show_other_keys(struct hostkeys *hostkeys, struct sshkey *key) { int type[] = { KEY_RSA, KEY_DSA, KEY_ECDSA, KEY_ED25519, KEY_XMSS, -1 }; int i, ret = 0; char *fp, *ra; const struct hostkey_entry *found; for (i = 0; type[i] != -1; i++) { if (type[i] == key->type) continue; if (!lookup_key_in_hostkeys_by_type(hostkeys, type[i], &found)) continue; fp = sshkey_fingerprint(found->key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); ra = sshkey_fingerprint(found->key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART); if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL) fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__); logit("WARNING: %s key found for host %s\n" "in %s:%lu\n" "%s key fingerprint %s.", sshkey_type(found->key), found->host, found->file, found->line, sshkey_type(found->key), fp); if (options.visual_host_key) logit("%s", ra); free(ra); free(fp); ret = 1; } return ret; } static void warn_changed_key(struct sshkey *host_key) { char *fp; fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); if (fp == NULL) fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__); error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@"); error("@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @"); error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@"); error("IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!"); error("Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!"); error("It is also possible that a host key has just been changed."); error("The fingerprint for the %s key sent by the remote host is\n%s.", sshkey_type(host_key), fp); error("Please contact your system administrator."); free(fp); } /* * Execute a local command */ int ssh_local_cmd(const char *args) { char *shell; pid_t pid; int status; void (*osighand)(int); if (!options.permit_local_command || args == NULL || !*args) return (1); if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL || *shell == '\0') shell = _PATH_BSHELL; osighand = signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL); pid = fork(); if (pid == 0) { signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL); debug3("Executing %s -c \"%s\"", shell, args); execl(shell, shell, "-c", args, (char *)NULL); error("Couldn't execute %s -c \"%s\": %s", shell, args, strerror(errno)); _exit(1); } else if (pid == -1) fatal("fork failed: %.100s", strerror(errno)); while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) if (errno != EINTR) fatal("Couldn't wait for child: %s", strerror(errno)); signal(SIGCHLD, osighand); if (!WIFEXITED(status)) return (1); return (WEXITSTATUS(status)); } void maybe_add_key_to_agent(char *authfile, const struct sshkey *private, char *comment, char *passphrase) { int auth_sock = -1, r; if (options.add_keys_to_agent == 0) return; if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&auth_sock)) != 0) { debug3("no authentication agent, not adding key"); return; } if (options.add_keys_to_agent == 2 && !ask_permission("Add key %s (%s) to agent?", authfile, comment)) { debug3("user denied adding this key"); close(auth_sock); return; } if ((r = ssh_add_identity_constrained(auth_sock, private, comment, 0, (options.add_keys_to_agent == 3), 0)) == 0) debug("identity added to agent: %s", authfile); else debug("could not add identity to agent: %s (%d)", authfile, r); close(auth_sock); }