.\" Copyright (c) 2009-2013 Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd December 17, 2021
.Dt AHCI 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm ahci
.Nd Serial ATA Advanced Host Controller Interface driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
To compile this driver into the kernel,
place the following lines in your
kernel configuration file:
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
.Cd "device pci"
.Cd "device scbus"
.Cd "device ahci"
.Ed
.Pp
Alternatively, to load the driver as a
module at boot time, place the following line in
.Xr loader.conf 5 :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
ahci_load="YES"
.Ed
.Pp
The following tunables are settable from the
.Xr loader 8 :
.Bl -ohang
.It Va hint.ahci. Ns Ar X Ns Va .msi
controls Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) usage by the specified controller.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent -compact
.It 0
MSI disabled;
.It 1
single MSI vector used, if supported;
.It 2
multiple MSI vectors used, if supported (default);
.El
.It Va hint.ahci. Ns Ar X Ns Va .ccc
controls Command Completion Coalescing (CCC) usage by the specified controller.
Non-zero value enables CCC and defines maximum time (in ms), request can wait
for interrupt, if there are some more requests present on controller queue.
CCC reduces number of context switches on systems with many parallel requests,
but it can decrease disk performance on some workloads due to additional
command latency.
.It Va hint.ahci. Ns Ar X Ns Va .direct
controls whether the driver should use direct command completion from
interrupt thread(s), or queue them to CAM completion threads.
Default value depends on number of MSI interrupts supported and number of
implemented SATA ports.
.It Va hint.ahci. Ns Ar X Ns Va .em
controls whether the driver should implement virtual enclosure management
device on top of SGPIO or other interface.
Default value depends on controller capabilities.
.It Va hint.ahcich. Ns Ar X Ns Va .pm_level
controls SATA interface Power Management for the specified channel,
allowing some power to be saved at the cost of additional command
latency.
Possible values:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent -compact
.It 0
interface Power Management is disabled (default);
.It 1
device is allowed to initiate PM state change, host is passive;
.It 2
host initiates PARTIAL PM state transition every time port becomes idle;
.It 3
host initiates SLUMBER PM state transition every time port becomes idle.
.It 4
driver initiates PARTIAL PM state transition 1ms after port becomes idle;
.It 5
driver initiates SLUMBER PM state transition 125ms after port becomes idle.
.El
.Pp
Some controllers, such as ICH8, do not implement modes 2 and 3 with NCQ used.
Because of artificial entering latency, performance degradation in modes
4 and 5 is much smaller then in modes 2 and 3.
.Pp
Note that interface Power Management complicates device presence detection.
A manual bus reset/rescan may be needed after device hot-plug, unless hardware
implements Cold Presence Detection.
.It Va hint.ahcich. Ns Ar X Ns Va .sata_rev
setting to nonzero value limits maximum SATA revision (speed).
Values 1, 2 and 3 are respectively 1.5, 3 and 6Gbps.
.It Va hw.ahci.force
setting to nonzero value forces driver attach to some known AHCI-capable
chips even if they are configured for legacy IDE emulation.
Default is 1.
.El
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This driver provides the
.Xr CAM 4
subsystem with native access to the
.Tn SATA
ports of AHCI-compatible controllers.
Each SATA port found is represented to CAM as a separate bus with one
target, or, if HBA supports Port Multipliers, 16 targets.
Most of the bus-management details are handled by the SATA-specific
transport of CAM.
Connected ATA disks are handled by the ATA protocol disk peripheral driver
.Xr ada 4 .
ATAPI devices are handled by the SCSI protocol peripheral drivers
.Xr cd 4 ,
.Xr da 4 ,
.Xr sa 4 ,
etc.
.Pp
Driver features include support for Serial ATA and ATAPI devices,
Port Multipliers (including FIS-based switching, when supported),
hardware command queues (up to 32 commands per port),
Native Command Queuing, SATA interface Power Management, device hot-plug
and Message Signaled Interrupts.
.Pp
Driver supports "LED" enclosure management messages, defined by the AHCI.
When supported by hardware, it allows to control per-port activity, locate
and fault LEDs via the
.Xr led 4
API or emulated
.Xr ses 4
device for localization and status reporting purposes.
Supporting AHCI controllers may transmit that information to the backplane
controllers via SGPIO interface.
Backplane controllers interpret received
statuses in some way (IBPI standard) to report them using present indicators.
.Sh HARDWARE
The
.Nm
driver supports AHCI compatible controllers having PCI class 1 (mass storage),
subclass 6 (SATA) and programming interface 1 (AHCI).
.Pp
Also, in cooperation with atamarvell and atajmicron drivers of ata(4),
it supports AHCI part of legacy-PATA + AHCI-SATA combined controllers,
such as JMicron JMB36x and Marvell 88SE61xx.
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver also supports AHCI devices that act as PCI bridges for
.Xr nvme 4
using Intel Rapid Storage Technology (RST).
To use the
.Xr nvme 4
device, either one must set the SATA mode in the BIOS to AHCI (from RST),
or one must accept the performance with RST enabled due to interrupt sharing.
.Fx
will automatically detect AHCI devices with this extension that are in RST
mode.
When that happens,
.Nm
will attach
.Xr nvme 4
children to the
.Nm
device.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /dev/led/ahcich*.locate
.It Pa /dev/led/ahci*.*.act
activity LED device nodes
.It Pa /dev/led/ahci*.*.fault
fault LED device nodes
.It Pa /dev/led/ahci*.*.locate
locate LED device nodes
.El
.Sh SYSCTL
.Bl -tag
.It Pa dev.ahcich.X.disable_phy
Set to 1 to disable the phy for the drive on channel X.
Set to 0 to enable the phy.
Useful for turning off troublemakers.
Also useful for debugging when you need the ada drive to come and go.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ada 4 ,
.Xr ata 4 ,
.Xr cam 4 ,
.Xr cd 4 ,
.Xr da 4 ,
.Xr sa 4 ,
.Xr ses 4
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
driver first appeared in
.Fx 8.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Alexander Motin Aq Mt mav@FreeBSD.org