path: root/man/man1m/zfs.1m

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.\" Copyright 2011 Joshua M. Clulow <josh@sysmgr.org>
.TH ZFS 1M "28 Jul 2011"
.SH NAME
zfs \- configures ZFS file systems
.SH SYNOPSIS
.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR [\fB-?\fR]
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBcreate\fR [\fB-p\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR] ... \fIfilesystem\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBcreate\fR [\fB-ps\fR] [\fB-b\fR \fIblocksize\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR] ... \fB-V\fR \fIsize\fR \fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBdestroy\fR [\fB-fnpRrv\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBdestroy\fR [\fB-dnpRrv\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR@\fIsnap\fR[%\fIsnap\fR][,...]
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBsnapshot\fR [\fB-r\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR]...
      \fIfilesystem@snapname\fR|\fIvolume@snapname\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBrollback\fR [\fB-rRf\fR] \fIsnapshot\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBclone\fR [\fB-p\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR] ... \fIsnapshot\fR \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBpromote\fR \fIclone-filesystem\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBrename\fR [\fB-f\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR
     \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBrename\fR [\fB-fp\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBrename\fR \fB-r\fR \fIsnapshot\fR \fIsnapshot\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBlist\fR [\fB-r\fR|\fB-d\fR \fIdepth\fR][\fB-H\fR][\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR[,...]] [\fB-t\fR \fItype\fR[,...]]
     [\fB-s\fR \fIproperty\fR] ... [\fB-S\fR \fIproperty\fR] ... [\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR] ...
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBset\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR ...
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBget\fR [\fB-r\fR|\fB-d\fR \fIdepth\fR][\fB-Hp\fR][\fB-o\fR \fIfield\fR[,...]] [\fB-t\fR \fItype\fR[,...]] 
    [\fB-s\fR \fIsource\fR[,...]] "\fIall\fR" | \fIproperty\fR[,...] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR ...
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBinherit\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fIproperty\fR \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume|snapshot\fR ...
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBupgrade\fR [\fB-v\fR]
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBupgrade\fR [\fB-r\fR] [\fB-V\fR \fIversion\fR] \fB-a\fR | \fIfilesystem\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBuserspace\fR [\fB-niHp\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIfield\fR[,...]] [\fB-sS\fR \fIfield\fR] ...
     [\fB-t\fR \fItype\fR[,...]] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBgroupspace\fR [\fB-niHp\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIfield\fR[,...]] [\fB-sS\fR \fIfield\fR] ...
     [\fB-t\fR \fItype\fR[,...]] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBmount\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBmount\fR [\fB-vO\fR] [\fB-o \fIoptions\fR\fR] \fB-a\fR | \fIfilesystem\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBunmount\fR [\fB-f\fR] \fB-a\fR | \fIfilesystem\fR|\fImountpoint\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBshare\fR \fB-a\fR | \fIfilesystem\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBunshare\fR \fB-a\fR \fIfilesystem\fR|\fImountpoint\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBsend\fR [\fB-DnPpRrv\fR] [\fB-\fR[\fBiI\fR] \fIsnapshot\fR] \fIsnapshot\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBreceive\fR [\fB-vnFu\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBreceive\fR [\fB-vnFu\fR] [\fB-d\fR|\fB-e\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBallow\fR \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBallow\fR [\fB-ldug\fR] "\fIeveryone\fR"|\fIuser\fR|\fIgroup\fR[,...] \fIperm\fR|\fI@setname\fR[,...]
     \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBallow\fR [\fB-ld\fR] \fB-e\fR \fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,...] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBallow\fR \fB-c\fR \fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,...] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBallow\fR \fB-s\fR @\fIsetname\fR \fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,...] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBunallow\fR [\fB-rldug\fR] "\fIeveryone\fR"|\fIuser\fR|\fIgroup\fR[,...] [\fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,... ]]
     \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBunallow\fR [\fB-rld\fR] \fB-e\fR [\fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,... ]] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBunallow\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fB-c\fR [\fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[ ... ]] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBunallow\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fB-s\fR @\fIsetname\fR [\fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,... ]] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBhold\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fItag\fR \fIsnapshot\fR...
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBholds\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fIsnapshot\fR...
.fi

.LP
.nf
\fBzfs\fR \fBrelease\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fItag\fR \fIsnapshot\fR...
.fi

.SH DESCRIPTION
.sp
.LP
The \fBzfs\fR command configures \fBZFS\fR datasets within a \fBZFS\fR storage
pool, as described in \fBzpool\fR(1M). A dataset is identified by a unique path
within the \fBZFS\fR namespace. For example:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
pool/{filesystem,volume,snapshot}
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
where the maximum length of a dataset name is \fBMAXNAMELEN\fR (256 bytes).
.sp
.LP
A dataset can be one of the following:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIfile system\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
A \fBZFS\fR dataset of type \fBfilesystem\fR can be mounted within the standard
system namespace and behaves like other file systems. While \fBZFS\fR file
systems are designed to be \fBPOSIX\fR compliant, known issues exist that
prevent compliance in some cases. Applications that depend on standards
conformance might fail due to nonstandard behavior when checking file system
free space.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
A logical volume exported as a raw or block device. This type of dataset should
only be used under special circumstances. File systems are typically used in
most environments.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
A read-only version of a file system or volume at a given point in time. It is
specified as \fIfilesystem@name\fR or \fIvolume@name\fR.
.RE

.SS "ZFS File System Hierarchy"
.sp
.LP
A \fBZFS\fR storage pool is a logical collection of devices that provide space
for datasets. A storage pool is also the root of the \fBZFS\fR file system
hierarchy.
.sp
.LP
The root of the pool can be accessed as a file system, such as mounting and
unmounting, taking snapshots, and setting properties. The physical storage
characteristics, however, are managed by the \fBzpool\fR(1M) command.
.sp
.LP
See \fBzpool\fR(1M) for more information on creating and administering pools.
.SS "Snapshots"
.sp
.LP
A snapshot is a read-only copy of a file system or volume. Snapshots can be
created extremely quickly, and initially consume no additional space within the
pool. As data within the active dataset changes, the snapshot consumes more
data than would otherwise be shared with the active dataset.
.sp
.LP
Snapshots can have arbitrary names. Snapshots of volumes can be cloned or
rolled back, but cannot be accessed independently.
.sp
.LP
File system snapshots can be accessed under the \fB\&.zfs/snapshot\fR directory
in the root of the file system. Snapshots are automatically mounted on demand
and may be unmounted at regular intervals. The visibility of the \fB\&.zfs\fR
directory can be controlled by the \fBsnapdir\fR property.
.SS "Clones"
.sp
.LP
A clone is a writable volume or file system whose initial contents are the same
as another dataset. As with snapshots, creating a clone is nearly
instantaneous, and initially consumes no additional space.
.sp
.LP
Clones can only be created from a snapshot. When a snapshot is cloned, it
creates an implicit dependency between the parent and child. Even though the
clone is created somewhere else in the dataset hierarchy, the original snapshot
cannot be destroyed as long as a clone exists. The \fBorigin\fR property
exposes this dependency, and the \fBdestroy\fR command lists any such
dependencies, if they exist.
.sp
.LP
The clone parent-child dependency relationship can be reversed by using the
\fBpromote\fR subcommand. This causes the "origin" file system to become a
clone of the specified file system, which makes it possible to destroy the file
system that the clone was created from.
.SS "Mount Points"
.sp
.LP
Creating a \fBZFS\fR file system is a simple operation, so the number of file
systems per system is likely to be numerous. To cope with this, \fBZFS\fR
automatically manages mounting and unmounting file systems without the need to
edit the \fB/etc/vfstab\fR file. All automatically managed file systems are
mounted by \fBZFS\fR at boot time.
.sp
.LP
By default, file systems are mounted under \fB/\fIpath\fR\fR, where \fIpath\fR
is the name of the file system in the \fBZFS\fR namespace. Directories are
created and destroyed as needed.
.sp
.LP
A file system can also have a mount point set in the \fBmountpoint\fR property.
This directory is created as needed, and \fBZFS\fR automatically mounts the
file system when the \fBzfs mount -a\fR command is invoked (without editing
\fB/etc/vfstab\fR). The \fBmountpoint\fR property can be inherited, so if
\fBpool/home\fR has a mount point of \fB/export/stuff\fR, then
\fBpool/home/user\fR automatically inherits a mount point of
\fB/export/stuff/user\fR.
.sp
.LP
A file system \fBmountpoint\fR property of \fBnone\fR prevents the file system
from being mounted.
.sp
.LP
If needed, \fBZFS\fR file systems can also be managed with traditional tools
(\fBmount\fR, \fBumount\fR, \fB/etc/vfstab\fR). If a file system's mount point
is set to \fBlegacy\fR, \fBZFS\fR makes no attempt to manage the file system,
and the administrator is responsible for mounting and unmounting the file
system.
.SS "Zones"
.sp
.LP
A \fBZFS\fR file system can be added to a non-global zone by using the
\fBzonecfg\fR \fBadd fs\fR subcommand. A \fBZFS\fR file system that is added to
a non-global zone must have its \fBmountpoint\fR property set to \fBlegacy\fR.
.sp
.LP
The physical properties of an added file system are controlled by the global
administrator. However, the zone administrator can create, modify, or destroy
files within the added file system, depending on how the file system is
mounted.
.sp
.LP
A dataset can also be delegated to a non-global zone by using the \fBzonecfg\fR
\fBadd dataset\fR subcommand. You cannot delegate a dataset to one zone and the
children of the same dataset to another zone. The zone administrator can change
properties of the dataset or any of its children. However, the \fBquota\fR
property is controlled by the global administrator.
.sp
.LP
A \fBZFS\fR volume can be added as a device to a non-global zone by using the
\fBzonecfg\fR \fBadd device\fR subcommand. However, its physical properties can
be modified only by the global administrator.
.sp
.LP
For more information about \fBzonecfg\fR syntax, see \fBzonecfg\fR(1M).
.sp
.LP
After a dataset is delegated to a non-global zone, the \fBzoned\fR property is
automatically set. A zoned file system cannot be mounted in the global zone,
since the zone administrator might have to set the mount point to an
unacceptable value.
.sp
.LP
The global administrator can forcibly clear the \fBzoned\fR property, though
this should be done with extreme care. The global administrator should verify
that all the mount points are acceptable before clearing the property.
.SS "Native Properties"
.sp
.LP
Properties are divided into two types, native properties and user-defined (or
"user") properties. Native properties either export internal statistics or
control \fBZFS\fR behavior. In addition, native properties are either editable
or read-only. User properties have no effect on \fBZFS\fR behavior, but you can
use them to annotate datasets in a way that is meaningful in your environment.
For more information about user properties, see the "User Properties" section,
below.
.sp
.LP
Every dataset has a set of properties that export statistics about the dataset
as well as control various behaviors. Properties are inherited from the parent
unless overridden by the child. Some properties apply only to certain types of
datasets (file systems, volumes, or snapshots).
.sp
.LP
The values of numeric properties can be specified using human-readable suffixes
(for example, \fBk\fR, \fBKB\fR, \fBM\fR, \fBGb\fR, and so forth, up to \fBZ\fR
for zettabyte). The following are all valid (and equal) specifications:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
1536M, 1.5g, 1.50GB
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
The values of non-numeric properties are case sensitive and must be lowercase,
except for \fBmountpoint\fR, \fBsharenfs\fR, and \fBsharesmb\fR.
.sp
.LP
The following native properties consist of read-only statistics about the
dataset. These properties can be neither set, nor inherited. Native properties
apply to all dataset types unless otherwise noted.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBavailable\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of space available to the dataset and all its children, assuming
that there is no other activity in the pool. Because space is shared within a
pool, availability can be limited by any number of factors, including physical
pool size, quotas, reservations, or other datasets within the pool.
.sp
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
\fBavail\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBcompressratio\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
For non-snapshots, the compression ratio achieved for the \fBused\fR
space of this dataset, expressed as a multiplier.  The \fBused\fR
property includes descendant datasets, and, for clones, does not include
the space shared with the origin snapshot.  For snapshots, the
\fBcompressratio\fR is the same as the \fBrefcompressratio\fR property.
Compression can be turned on by running: \fBzfs set compression=on
\fIdataset\fR\fR. The default value is \fBoff\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBcreation\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The time this dataset was created.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBclones\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
For snapshots, this property is a comma-separated list of filesystems or
volumes which are clones of this snapshot.  The clones' \fBorigin\fR property
is this snapshot.  If the \fBclones\fR property is not empty, then this
snapshot can not be destroyed (even with the \fB-r\fR or \fB-f\fR options).
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBdefer_destroy\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
This property is \fBon\fR if the snapshot has been marked for deferred destroy
by using the \fBzfs destroy\fR \fB-d\fR command. Otherwise, the property is
\fBoff\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBmounted\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
For file systems, indicates whether the file system is currently mounted. This
property can be either \fByes\fR or \fBno\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBorigin\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
For cloned file systems or volumes, the snapshot from which the clone was
created.  See also the \fBclones\fR property.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBreferenced\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of data that is accessible by this dataset, which may or may not be
shared with other datasets in the pool. When a snapshot or clone is created, it
initially references the same amount of space as the file system or snapshot it
was created from, since its contents are identical.
.sp
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
\fBrefer\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBrefcompressratio\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The compression ratio achieved for the \fBreferenced\fR space of this
dataset, expressed as a multiplier.  See also the \fBcompressratio\fR
property.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBtype\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The type of dataset: \fBfilesystem\fR, \fBvolume\fR, or \fBsnapshot\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBused\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of space consumed by this dataset and all its descendents. This is
the value that is checked against this dataset's quota and reservation. The
space used does not include this dataset's reservation, but does take into
account the reservations of any descendent datasets. The amount of space that a
dataset consumes from its parent, as well as the amount of space that are freed
if this dataset is recursively destroyed, is the greater of its space used and
its reservation.
.sp
When snapshots (see the "Snapshots" section) are created, their space is
initially shared between the snapshot and the file system, and possibly with
previous snapshots. As the file system changes, space that was previously
shared becomes unique to the snapshot, and counted in the snapshot's space
used. Additionally, deleting snapshots can increase the amount of space unique
to (and used by) other snapshots.
.sp
The amount of space used, available, or referenced does not take into account
pending changes. Pending changes are generally accounted for within a few
seconds. Committing a change to a disk using \fBfsync\fR(3c) or \fBO_SYNC\fR
does not necessarily guarantee that the space usage information is updated
immediately.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBusedby*\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The \fBusedby*\fR properties decompose the \fBused\fR properties into the
various reasons that space is used. Specifically, \fBused\fR =
\fBusedbychildren\fR + \fBusedbydataset\fR + \fBusedbyrefreservation\fR +,
\fBusedbysnapshots\fR. These properties are only available for datasets created
on \fBzpool\fR "version 13" pools.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBusedbychildren\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of space used by children of this dataset, which would be freed if
all the dataset's children were destroyed.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBusedbydataset\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of space used by this dataset itself, which would be freed if the
dataset were destroyed (after first removing any \fBrefreservation\fR and
destroying any necessary snapshots or descendents).
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBusedbyrefreservation\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of space used by a \fBrefreservation\fR set on this dataset, which
would be freed if the \fBrefreservation\fR was removed.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBusedbysnapshots\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of space consumed by snapshots of this dataset. In particular, it is
the amount of space that would be freed if all of this dataset's snapshots were
destroyed. Note that this is not simply the sum of the snapshots' \fBused\fR
properties because space can be shared by multiple snapshots.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBuserused@\fR\fIuser\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of space consumed by the specified user in this dataset. Space is
charged to the owner of each file, as displayed by \fBls\fR \fB-l\fR. The
amount of space charged is displayed by \fBdu\fR and \fBls\fR \fB-s\fR. See the
\fBzfs userspace\fR subcommand for more information.
.sp
Unprivileged users can access only their own space usage. The root user, or a
user who has been granted the \fBuserused\fR privilege with \fBzfs allow\fR,
can access everyone's usage.
.sp
The \fBuserused@\fR... properties are not displayed by \fBzfs get all\fR. The
user's name must be appended after the \fB@\fR symbol, using one of the
following forms:
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
\fIPOSIX name\fR (for example, \fBjoe\fR)
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
\fIPOSIX numeric ID\fR (for example, \fB789\fR)
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
\fISID name\fR (for example, \fBjoe.smith@mydomain\fR)
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
\fISID numeric ID\fR (for example, \fBS-1-123-456-789\fR)
.RE
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBuserrefs\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
This property is set to the number of user holds on this snapshot. User holds
are set by using the \fBzfs hold\fR command.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBgroupused@\fR\fIgroup\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of space consumed by the specified group in this dataset. Space is
charged to the group of each file, as displayed by \fBls\fR \fB-l\fR. See the
\fBuserused@\fR\fIuser\fR property for more information.
.sp
Unprivileged users can only access their own groups' space usage. The root
user, or a user who has been granted the \fBgroupused\fR privilege with \fBzfs
allow\fR, can access all groups' usage.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBvolblocksize\fR=\fIblocksize\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
For volumes, specifies the block size of the volume. The \fBblocksize\fR cannot
be changed once the volume has been written, so it should be set at volume
creation time. The default \fBblocksize\fR for volumes is 8 Kbytes. Any power
of 2 from 512 bytes to 128 Kbytes is valid.
.sp
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
\fBvolblock\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBwritten\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of \fBreferenced\fR space written to this dataset since the
previous snapshot.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBwritten@\fR\fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The amount of \fBreferenced\fR space written to this dataset since the
specified snapshot.  This is the space that is referenced by this dataset
but was not referenced by the specified snapshot.
.sp
The \fIsnapshot\fR may be specified as a short snapshot name (just the part
after the \fB@\fR), in which case it will be interpreted as a snapshot in
the same filesystem as this dataset.
The \fIsnapshot\fR be a full snapshot name (\fIfilesystem\fR@\fIsnapshot\fR),
which for clones may be a snapshot in the origin's filesystem (or the origin
of the origin's filesystem, etc).
.RE

.sp
.LP
The following native properties can be used to change the behavior of a
\fBZFS\fR dataset.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBaclinherit\fR=\fBdiscard\fR | \fBnoallow\fR | \fBrestricted\fR |
\fBpassthrough\fR | \fBpassthrough-x\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls how \fBACL\fR entries are inherited when files and directories are
created. A file system with an \fBaclinherit\fR property of \fBdiscard\fR does
not inherit any \fBACL\fR entries. A file system with an \fBaclinherit\fR
property value of \fBnoallow\fR only inherits inheritable \fBACL\fR entries
that specify "deny" permissions. The property value \fBrestricted\fR (the
default) removes the \fBwrite_acl\fR and \fBwrite_owner\fR permissions when the
\fBACL\fR entry is inherited. A file system with an \fBaclinherit\fR property
value of \fBpassthrough\fR inherits all inheritable \fBACL\fR entries without
any modifications made to the \fBACL\fR entries when they are inherited. A file
system with an \fBaclinherit\fR property value of \fBpassthrough-x\fR has the
same meaning as \fBpassthrough\fR, except that the \fBowner@\fR, \fBgroup@\fR,
and \fBeveryone@\fR \fBACE\fRs inherit the execute permission only if the file
creation mode also requests the execute bit.
.sp
When the property value is set to \fBpassthrough\fR, files are created with a
mode determined by the inheritable \fBACE\fRs. If no inheritable \fBACE\fRs
exist that affect the mode, then the mode is set in accordance to the requested
mode from the application.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBaclmode\fR=\fBdiscard\fR | \fBgroupmask\fR | \fBpassthrough\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls how an \fBACL\fR is modified during \fBchmod\fR(2). A file system with
an \fBaclmode\fR property of \fBdiscard\fR (the default) deletes all \fBACL\fR
entries that do not represent the mode of the file. An \fBaclmode\fR property
of \fBgroupmask\fR reduces permissions granted in all \fBALLOW\fR entries found
in the \fBACL\fR such that they are no greater than the group permissions
specified by \fBchmod\fR.  A file system with an \fBaclmode\fR property of
\fBpassthrough\fR indicates that no changes are made to the \fBACL\fR other
than creating or updating the necessary \fBACL\fR entries to
represent the new mode of the file or directory.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBatime\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether the access time for files is updated when they are read.
Turning this property off avoids producing write traffic when reading files and
can result in significant performance gains, though it might confuse mailers
and other similar utilities. The default value is \fBon\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBcanmount\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR | \fBnoauto\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
If this property is set to \fBoff\fR, the file system cannot be mounted, and is
ignored by \fBzfs mount -a\fR. Setting this property to \fBoff\fR is similar to
setting the \fBmountpoint\fR property to \fBnone\fR, except that the dataset
still has a normal \fBmountpoint\fR property, which can be inherited. Setting
this property to \fBoff\fR allows datasets to be used solely as a mechanism to
inherit properties. One example of setting \fBcanmount=\fR\fBoff\fR is to have
two datasets with the same \fBmountpoint\fR, so that the children of both
datasets appear in the same directory, but might have different inherited
characteristics.
.sp
When the \fBnoauto\fR option is set, a dataset can only be mounted and
unmounted explicitly. The dataset is not mounted automatically when the dataset
is created or imported, nor is it mounted by the \fBzfs mount -a\fR command or
unmounted by the \fBzfs unmount -a\fR command.
.sp
This property is not inherited.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBchecksum\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR | \fBfletcher2,\fR| \fBfletcher4\fR |
\fBsha256\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls the checksum used to verify data integrity. The default value is
\fBon\fR, which automatically selects an appropriate algorithm (currently,
\fBfletcher2\fR, but this may change in future releases). The value \fBoff\fR
disables integrity checking on user data. Disabling checksums is \fBNOT\fR a
recommended practice.
.sp
Changing this property affects only newly-written data.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBcompression\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR | \fBlzjb\fR | \fBgzip\fR |
\fBgzip-\fR\fIN\fR | \fBzle\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls the compression algorithm used for this dataset. The \fBlzjb\fR
compression algorithm is optimized for performance while providing decent data
compression. Setting compression to \fBon\fR uses the \fBlzjb\fR compression
algorithm. The \fBgzip\fR compression algorithm uses the same compression as
the \fBgzip\fR(1) command. You can specify the \fBgzip\fR level by using the
value \fBgzip-\fR\fIN\fR where \fIN\fR is an integer from 1 (fastest) to 9
(best compression ratio). Currently, \fBgzip\fR is equivalent to \fBgzip-6\fR
(which is also the default for \fBgzip\fR(1)). The \fBzle\fR compression
algorithm compresses runs of zeros.
.sp
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name
\fBcompress\fR. Changing this property affects only newly-written data.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBcopies\fR=\fB1\fR | \fB2\fR | \fB3\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls the number of copies of data stored for this dataset. These copies are
in addition to any redundancy provided by the pool, for example, mirroring or
RAID-Z. The copies are stored on different disks, if possible. The space used
by multiple copies is charged to the associated file and dataset, changing the
\fBused\fR property and counting against quotas and reservations.
.sp
Changing this property only affects newly-written data. Therefore, set this
property at file system creation time by using the \fB-o\fR
\fBcopies=\fR\fIN\fR option.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBdevices\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether device nodes can be opened on this file system. The default
value is \fBon\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBexec\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether processes can be executed from within this file system. The
default value is \fBon\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBmountpoint\fR=\fIpath\fR | \fBnone\fR | \fBlegacy\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls the mount point used for this file system. See the "Mount Points"
section for more information on how this property is used.
.sp
When the \fBmountpoint\fR property is changed for a file system, the file
system and any children that inherit the mount point are unmounted. If the new
value is \fBlegacy\fR, then they remain unmounted. Otherwise, they are
automatically remounted in the new location if the property was previously
\fBlegacy\fR or \fBnone\fR, or if they were mounted before the property was
changed. In addition, any shared file systems are unshared and shared in the
new location.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBnbmand\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether the file system should be mounted with \fBnbmand\fR (Non
Blocking mandatory locks). This is used for \fBCIFS\fR clients. Changes to this
property only take effect when the file system is umounted and remounted. See
\fBmount\fR(1M) for more information on \fBnbmand\fR mounts.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBprimarycache\fR=\fBall\fR | \fBnone\fR | \fBmetadata\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls what is cached in the primary cache (ARC). If this property is set to
\fBall\fR, then both user data and metadata is cached. If this property is set
to \fBnone\fR, then neither user data nor metadata is cached. If this property
is set to \fBmetadata\fR, then only metadata is cached. The default value is
\fBall\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBquota\fR=\fIsize\fR | \fBnone\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Limits the amount of space a dataset and its descendents can consume. This
property enforces a hard limit on the amount of space used. This includes all
space consumed by descendents, including file systems and snapshots. Setting a
quota on a descendent of a dataset that already has a quota does not override
the ancestor's quota, but rather imposes an additional limit.
.sp
Quotas cannot be set on volumes, as the \fBvolsize\fR property acts as an
implicit quota.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBuserquota@\fR\fIuser\fR=\fIsize\fR | \fBnone\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Limits the amount of space consumed by the specified user. User space
consumption is identified by the \fBuserspace@\fR\fIuser\fR property.
.sp
Enforcement of user quotas may be delayed by several seconds. This delay means
that a user might exceed their quota before the system notices that they are
over quota and begins to refuse additional writes with the \fBEDQUOT\fR error
message . See the \fBzfs userspace\fR subcommand for more information.
.sp
Unprivileged users can only access their own groups' space usage. The root
user, or a user who has been granted the \fBuserquota\fR privilege with \fBzfs
allow\fR, can get and set everyone's quota.
.sp
This property is not available on volumes, on file systems before version 4, or
on pools before version 15. The \fBuserquota@\fR... properties are not
displayed by \fBzfs get all\fR. The user's name must be appended after the
\fB@\fR symbol, using one of the following forms:
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
\fIPOSIX name\fR (for example, \fBjoe\fR)
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
\fIPOSIX numeric ID\fR (for example, \fB789\fR)
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
\fISID name\fR (for example, \fBjoe.smith@mydomain\fR)
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
\fISID numeric ID\fR (for example, \fBS-1-123-456-789\fR)
.RE
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBgroupquota@\fR\fIgroup\fR=\fIsize\fR | \fBnone\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Limits the amount of space consumed by the specified group. Group space
consumption is identified by the \fBuserquota@\fR\fIuser\fR property.
.sp
Unprivileged users can access only their own groups' space usage. The root
user, or a user who has been granted the \fBgroupquota\fR privilege with \fBzfs
allow\fR, can get and set all groups' quotas.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBreadonly\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether this dataset can be modified. The default value is \fBoff\fR.
.sp
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
\fBrdonly\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBrecordsize\fR=\fIsize\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Specifies a suggested block size for files in the file system. This property is
designed solely for use with database workloads that access files in fixed-size
records. \fBZFS\fR automatically tunes block sizes according to internal
algorithms optimized for typical access patterns.
.sp
For databases that create very large files but access them in small random
chunks, these algorithms may be suboptimal. Specifying a \fBrecordsize\fR
greater than or equal to the record size of the database can result in
significant performance gains. Use of this property for general purpose file
systems is strongly discouraged, and may adversely affect performance.
.sp
The size specified must be a power of two greater than or equal to 512 and less
than or equal to 128 Kbytes.
.sp
Changing the file system's \fBrecordsize\fR affects only files created
afterward; existing files are unaffected.
.sp
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
\fBrecsize\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBrefquota\fR=\fIsize\fR | \fBnone\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Limits the amount of space a dataset can consume. This property enforces a hard
limit on the amount of space used. This hard limit does not include space used
by descendents, including file systems and snapshots.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBrefreservation\fR=\fIsize\fR | \fBnone\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The minimum amount of space guaranteed to a dataset, not including its
descendents. When the amount of space used is below this value, the dataset is
treated as if it were taking up the amount of space specified by
\fBrefreservation\fR. The \fBrefreservation\fR reservation is accounted for in
the parent datasets' space used, and counts against the parent datasets' quotas
and reservations.
.sp
If \fBrefreservation\fR is set, a snapshot is only allowed if there is enough
free pool space outside of this reservation to accommodate the current number
of "referenced" bytes in the dataset.
.sp
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
\fBrefreserv\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBreservation\fR=\fIsize\fR | \fBnone\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The minimum amount of space guaranteed to a dataset and its descendents. When
the amount of space used is below this value, the dataset is treated as if it
were taking up the amount of space specified by its reservation. Reservations
are accounted for in the parent datasets' space used, and count against the
parent datasets' quotas and reservations.
.sp
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
\fBreserv\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBsecondarycache\fR=\fBall\fR | \fBnone\fR | \fBmetadata\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls what is cached in the secondary cache (L2ARC). If this property is set
to \fBall\fR, then both user data and metadata is cached. If this property is
set to \fBnone\fR, then neither user data nor metadata is cached. If this
property is set to \fBmetadata\fR, then only metadata is cached. The default
value is \fBall\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBsetuid\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether the set-\fBUID\fR bit is respected for the file system. The
default value is \fBon\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBshareiscsi\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Like the \fBsharenfs\fR property, \fBshareiscsi\fR indicates whether a
\fBZFS\fR volume is exported as an \fBiSCSI\fR target. The acceptable values
for this property are \fBon\fR, \fBoff\fR, and \fBtype=disk\fR. The default
value is \fBoff\fR. In the future, other target types might be supported. For
example, \fBtape\fR.
.sp
You might want to set \fBshareiscsi=on\fR for a file system so that all
\fBZFS\fR volumes within the file system are shared by default. However,
setting this property on a file system has no direct effect.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBsharesmb\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR | \fIopts\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether the file system is shared by using the Solaris \fBCIFS\fR
service, and what options are to be used. A file system with the \fBsharesmb\fR
property set to \fBoff\fR is managed through traditional tools such as
\fBsharemgr\fR(1M). Otherwise, the file system is automatically shared and
unshared with the \fBzfs share\fR and \fBzfs unshare\fR commands. If the
property is set to \fBon\fR, the \fBsharemgr\fR(1M) command is invoked with no
options. Otherwise, the \fBsharemgr\fR(1M) command is invoked with options
equivalent to the contents of this property.
.sp
Because \fBSMB\fR shares requires a resource name, a unique resource name is
constructed from the dataset name. The constructed name is a copy of the
dataset name except that the characters in the dataset name, which would be
illegal in the resource name, are replaced with underscore (\fB_\fR)
characters. A pseudo property "name" is also supported that allows you to
replace the data set name with a specified name. The specified name is then
used to replace the prefix dataset in the case of inheritance. For example, if
the dataset \fBdata/home/john\fR is set to \fBname=john\fR, then
\fBdata/home/john\fR has a resource name of \fBjohn\fR. If a child dataset of
\fBdata/home/john/backups\fR, it has a resource name of \fBjohn_backups\fR.
.sp
When SMB shares are created, the SMB share name appears as an entry in the
\fB\&.zfs/shares\fR directory. You can use the \fBls\fR or \fBchmod\fR command
to display the share-level ACLs on the entries in this directory.
.sp
When the \fBsharesmb\fR property is changed for a dataset, the dataset and any
children inheriting the property are re-shared with the new options, only if
the property was previously set to \fBoff\fR, or if they were shared before the
property was changed. If the new property is set to \fBoff\fR, the file systems
are unshared.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBsharenfs\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR | \fIopts\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether the file system is shared via \fBNFS\fR, and what options are
used. A file system with a \fBsharenfs\fR property of \fBoff\fR is managed
through traditional tools such as \fBshare\fR(1M), \fBunshare\fR(1M), and
\fBdfstab\fR(4). Otherwise, the file system is automatically shared and
unshared with the \fBzfs share\fR and \fBzfs unshare\fR commands. If the
property is set to \fBon\fR, the \fBshare\fR(1M) command is invoked with no
options. Otherwise, the \fBshare\fR(1M) command is invoked with options
equivalent to the contents of this property.
.sp
When the \fBsharenfs\fR property is changed for a dataset, the dataset and any
children inheriting the property are re-shared with the new options, only if
the property was previously \fBoff\fR, or if they were shared before the
property was changed. If the new property is \fBoff\fR, the file systems are
unshared.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBlogbias\fR = \fBlatency\fR | \fBthroughput\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Provide a hint to ZFS about handling of synchronous requests in this dataset.
If \fBlogbias\fR is set to \fBlatency\fR (the default), ZFS will use pool log
devices (if configured) to handle the requests at low latency. If \fBlogbias\fR
is set to \fBthroughput\fR, ZFS will not use configured pool log devices. ZFS
will instead optimize synchronous operations for global pool throughput and
efficient use of resources.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBsnapdir\fR=\fBhidden\fR | \fBvisible\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether the \fB\&.zfs\fR directory is hidden or visible in the root of
the file system as discussed in the "Snapshots" section. The default value is
\fBhidden\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBsync\fR=\fBdefault\fR | \fBalways\fR | \fBdisabled\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls the behavior of synchronous requests (e.g. fsync, O_DSYNC).
\fBdefault\fR is the POSIX specified behavior of ensuring all synchronous
requests are written to stable storage and all devices are flushed to ensure
data is not cached by device controllers (this is the default). \fBalways\fR
causes every file system transaction to be written and flushed before its
system call returns. This has a large performance penalty. \fBdisabled\fR
disables synchronous requests. File system transactions are only committed to
stable storage periodically. This option will give the highest performance.
However, it is very dangerous as ZFS would be ignoring the synchronous
transaction demands of applications such as databases or NFS.  Administrators
should only use this option when the risks are understood.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBversion\fR=\fB1\fR | \fB2\fR | \fBcurrent\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The on-disk version of this file system, which is independent of the pool
version. This property can only be set to later supported versions. See the
\fBzfs upgrade\fR command.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBvolsize\fR=\fIsize\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
For volumes, specifies the logical size of the volume. By default, creating a
volume establishes a reservation of equal size. For storage pools with a
version number of 9 or higher, a \fBrefreservation\fR is set instead. Any
changes to \fBvolsize\fR are reflected in an equivalent change to the
reservation (or \fBrefreservation\fR). The \fBvolsize\fR can only be set to a
multiple of \fBvolblocksize\fR, and cannot be zero.
.sp
The reservation is kept equal to the volume's logical size to prevent
unexpected behavior for consumers. Without the reservation, the volume could
run out of space, resulting in undefined behavior or data corruption, depending
on how the volume is used. These effects can also occur when the volume size is
changed while it is in use (particularly when shrinking the size). Extreme care
should be used when adjusting the volume size.
.sp
Though not recommended, a "sparse volume" (also known as "thin provisioning")
can be created by specifying the \fB-s\fR option to the \fBzfs create -V\fR
command, or by changing the reservation after the volume has been created. A
"sparse volume" is a volume where the reservation is less then the volume size.
Consequently, writes to a sparse volume can fail with \fBENOSPC\fR when the
pool is low on space. For a sparse volume, changes to \fBvolsize\fR are not
reflected in the reservation.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBvscan\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether regular files should be scanned for viruses when a file is
opened and closed. In addition to enabling this property, the virus scan
service must also be enabled for virus scanning to occur. The default value is
\fBoff\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBxattr\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether extended attributes are enabled for this file system. The
default value is \fBon\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzoned\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Controls whether the dataset is managed from a non-global zone. See the "Zones"
section for more information. The default value is \fBoff\fR.
.RE

.sp
.LP
The following three properties cannot be changed after the file system is
created, and therefore, should be set when the file system is created. If the
properties are not set with the \fBzfs create\fR or \fBzpool create\fR
commands, these properties are inherited from the parent dataset. If the parent
dataset lacks these properties due to having been created prior to these
features being supported, the new file system will have the default values for
these properties.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBcasesensitivity\fR=\fBsensitive\fR | \fBinsensitive\fR | \fBmixed\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Indicates whether the file name matching algorithm used by the file system
should be case-sensitive, case-insensitive, or allow a combination of both
styles of matching. The default value for the \fBcasesensitivity\fR property is
\fBsensitive\fR. Traditionally, UNIX and POSIX file systems have case-sensitive
file names.
.sp
The \fBmixed\fR value for the \fBcasesensitivity\fR property indicates that the
file system can support requests for both case-sensitive and case-insensitive
matching behavior. Currently, case-insensitive matching behavior on a file
system that supports mixed behavior is limited to the Solaris CIFS server
product. For more information about the \fBmixed\fR value behavior, see the
\fISolaris ZFS Administration Guide\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBnormalization\fR = \fBnone\fR | \fBformC\fR | \fBformD\fR | \fBformKC\fR
| \fBformKD\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Indicates whether the file system should perform a \fBunicode\fR normalization
of file names whenever two file names are compared, and which normalization
algorithm should be used. File names are always stored unmodified, names are
normalized as part of any comparison process. If this property is set to a
legal value other than \fBnone\fR, and the \fButf8only\fR property was left
unspecified, the \fButf8only\fR property is automatically set to \fBon\fR. The
default value of the \fBnormalization\fR property is \fBnone\fR. This property
cannot be changed after the file system is created.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fButf8only\fR=\fBon\fR | \fBoff\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Indicates whether the file system should reject file names that include
characters that are not present in the \fBUTF-8\fR character code set. If this
property is explicitly set to \fBoff\fR, the normalization property must either
not be explicitly set or be set to \fBnone\fR. The default value for the
\fButf8only\fR property is \fBoff\fR. This property cannot be changed after the
file system is created.
.RE

.sp
.LP
The \fBcasesensitivity\fR, \fBnormalization\fR, and \fButf8only\fR properties
are also new permissions that can be assigned to non-privileged users by using
the \fBZFS\fR delegated administration feature.
.SS "Temporary Mount Point Properties"
.sp
.LP
When a file system is mounted, either through \fBmount\fR(1M) for legacy mounts
or the \fBzfs mount\fR command for normal file systems, its mount options are
set according to its properties. The correlation between properties and mount
options is as follows:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
    PROPERTY                MOUNT OPTION
     devices                 devices/nodevices
     exec                    exec/noexec
     readonly                ro/rw
     setuid                  setuid/nosetuid
     xattr                   xattr/noxattr
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
In addition, these options can be set on a per-mount basis using the \fB-o\fR
option, without affecting the property that is stored on disk. The values
specified on the command line override the values stored in the dataset. The
\fB-nosuid\fR option is an alias for \fBnodevices,nosetuid\fR. These properties
are reported as "temporary" by the \fBzfs get\fR command. If the properties are
changed while the dataset is mounted, the new setting overrides any temporary
settings.
.SS "User Properties"
.sp
.LP
In addition to the standard native properties, \fBZFS\fR supports arbitrary
user properties. User properties have no effect on \fBZFS\fR behavior, but
applications or administrators can use them to annotate datasets (file systems,
volumes, and snapshots).
.sp
.LP
User property names must contain a colon (\fB:\fR) character to distinguish
them from native properties. They may contain lowercase letters, numbers, and
the following punctuation characters: colon (\fB:\fR), dash (\fB-\fR), period
(\fB\&.\fR), and underscore (\fB_\fR). The expected convention is that the
property name is divided into two portions such as
\fImodule\fR\fB:\fR\fIproperty\fR, but this namespace is not enforced by
\fBZFS\fR. User property names can be at most 256 characters, and cannot begin
with a dash (\fB-\fR).
.sp
.LP
When making programmatic use of user properties, it is strongly suggested to
use a reversed \fBDNS\fR domain name for the \fImodule\fR component of property
names to reduce the chance that two independently-developed packages use the
same property name for different purposes. Property names beginning with
\fBcom.sun\fR. are reserved for use by Sun Microsystems.
.sp
.LP
The values of user properties are arbitrary strings, are always inherited, and
are never validated. All of the commands that operate on properties (\fBzfs
list\fR, \fBzfs get\fR, \fBzfs set\fR, and so forth) can be used to manipulate
both native properties and user properties. Use the \fBzfs inherit\fR command
to clear a user property . If the property is not defined in any parent
dataset, it is removed entirely. Property values are limited to 1024
characters.
.SS "ZFS Volumes as Swap or Dump Devices"
.sp
.LP
During an initial installation a swap device and dump device are created on
\fBZFS\fR volumes in the \fBZFS\fR root pool. By default, the swap area size is
based on 1/2 the size of physical memory up to 2 Gbytes. The size of the dump
device depends on the kernel's requirements at installation time. Separate
\fBZFS\fR volumes must be used for the swap area and dump devices. Do not swap
to a file on a \fBZFS\fR file system. A \fBZFS\fR swap file configuration is
not supported.
.sp
.LP
If you need to change your swap area or dump device after the system is
installed or upgraded, use the \fBswap\fR(1M) and \fBdumpadm\fR(1M) commands.
If you need to change the size of your swap area or dump device, see the
\fISolaris ZFS Administration Guide\fR.
.SH SUBCOMMANDS
.sp
.LP
All subcommands that modify state are logged persistently to the pool in their
original form.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs ?\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Displays a help message.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs create\fR [\fB-p\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR] ...
\fIfilesystem\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates a new \fBZFS\fR file system. The file system is automatically mounted
according to the \fBmountpoint\fR property inherited from the parent.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-p\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates all the non-existing parent datasets. Datasets created in this manner
are automatically mounted according to the \fBmountpoint\fR property inherited
from their parent. Any property specified on the command line using the
\fB-o\fR option is ignored. If the target filesystem already exists, the
operation completes successfully.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Sets the specified property as if the command \fBzfs set\fR
\fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR was invoked at the same time the dataset was
created. Any editable \fBZFS\fR property can also be set at creation time.
Multiple \fB-o\fR options can be specified. An error results if the same
property is specified in multiple \fB-o\fR options.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs create\fR [\fB-ps\fR] [\fB-b\fR \fIblocksize\fR] [\fB-o\fR
\fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR] ... \fB-V\fR \fIsize\fR \fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates a volume of the given size. The volume is exported as a block device in
\fB/dev/zvol/{dsk,rdsk}/\fR\fIpath\fR, where \fIpath\fR is the name of the
volume in the \fBZFS\fR namespace. The size represents the logical size as
exported by the device. By default, a reservation of equal size is created.
.sp
\fIsize\fR is automatically rounded up to the nearest 128 Kbytes to ensure that
the volume has an integral number of blocks regardless of \fIblocksize\fR.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-p\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates all the non-existing parent datasets. Datasets created in this manner
are automatically mounted according to the \fBmountpoint\fR property inherited
from their parent. Any property specified on the command line using the
\fB-o\fR option is ignored. If the target filesystem already exists, the
operation completes successfully.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-s\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates a sparse volume with no reservation. See \fBvolsize\fR in the Native
Properties section for more information about sparse volumes.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Sets the specified property as if the \fBzfs set\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR
command was invoked at the same time the dataset was created. Any editable
\fBZFS\fR property can also be set at creation time. Multiple \fB-o\fR options
can be specified. An error results if the same property is specified in
multiple \fB-o\fR options.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-b\fR \fIblocksize\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Equivalent to \fB-o\fR \fBvolblocksize\fR=\fIblocksize\fR. If this option is
specified in conjunction with \fB-o\fR \fBvolblocksize\fR, the resulting
behavior is undefined.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fBzfs destroy\fR [\fB-fnpRrv\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Destroys the given dataset. By default, the command unshares any file systems
that are currently shared, unmounts any file systems that are currently
mounted, and refuses to destroy a dataset that has active dependents (children
or clones).
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively destroy all children.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-R\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively destroy all dependents, including cloned file systems outside the
target hierarchy.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-f\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Force an unmount of any file systems using the \fBunmount -f\fR command. This
option has no effect on non-file systems or unmounted file systems.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-n\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Do a dry-run ("No-op") deletion.  No data will be deleted.  This is
useful in conjunction with the \fB-v\fR or \fB-p\fR flags to determine what
data would be deleted.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-p\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Print machine-parsable verbose information about the deleted data.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-v\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Print verbose information about the deleted data.
.RE
.sp
Extreme care should be taken when applying either the \fB-r\fR or the \fB-R\fR
options, as they can destroy large portions of a pool and cause unexpected
behavior for mounted file systems in use.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fBzfs destroy\fR [\fB-dnpRrv\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR@\fIsnap\fR[%\fIsnap\fR][,...]
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
The given snapshots are destroyed immediately if and only if the \fBzfs
destroy\fR command without the \fB-d\fR option would have destroyed it. Such
immediate destruction would occur, for example, if the snapshot had no clones
and the user-initiated reference count were zero.
.sp
If a snapshot does not qualify for immediate destruction, it is marked for
deferred deletion. In this state, it exists as a usable, visible snapshot until
both of the preconditions listed above are met, at which point it is destroyed.
.sp
An inclusive range of snapshots may be specified by separating the
first and last snapshots with a percent sign.
The first and/or last snapshots may be left blank, in which case the
filesystem's oldest or newest snapshot will be implied.
.sp
Multiple snapshots
(or ranges of snapshots) of the same filesystem or volume may be specified
in a comma-separated list of snapshots.  
Only the snapshot's short name (the
part after the \fB@\fR) should be specified when using a range or
comma-separated list to identify multiple snapshots.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-d\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Defer snapshot deletion.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Destroy (or mark for deferred deletion) all snapshots with this name in
descendent file systems.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-R\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively destroy all dependents.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-n\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Do a dry-run ("No-op") deletion.  No data will be deleted.  This is
useful in conjunction with the \fB-v\fR or \fB-p\fR flags to determine what
data would be deleted.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-p\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Print machine-parsable verbose information about the deleted data.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-v\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Print verbose information about the deleted data.
.RE

.sp
Extreme care should be taken when applying either the \fB-r\fR or the \fB-f\fR
options, as they can destroy large portions of a pool and cause unexpected
behavior for mounted file systems in use.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs snapshot\fR [\fB-r\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR] ...
\fIfilesystem@snapname\fR|\fIvolume@snapname\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates a snapshot with the given name. All previous modifications by
successful system calls to the file system are part of the snapshot. See the
"Snapshots" section for details.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively create snapshots of all descendent datasets. Snapshots are taken
atomically, so that all recursive snapshots correspond to the same moment in
time.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Sets the specified property; see \fBzfs create\fR for details.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs rollback\fR [\fB-rRf\fR] \fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Roll back the given dataset to a previous snapshot. When a dataset is rolled
back, all data that has changed since the snapshot is discarded, and the
dataset reverts to the state at the time of the snapshot. By default, the
command refuses to roll back to a snapshot other than the most recent one. In
order to do so, all intermediate snapshots must be destroyed by specifying the
\fB-r\fR option.
.sp
The \fB-rR\fR options do not recursively destroy the child snapshots of a
recursive snapshot. Only the top-level recursive snapshot is destroyed by
either of these options. To completely roll back a recursive snapshot, you must
rollback the individual child snapshots.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively destroy any snapshots more recent than the one specified.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-R\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively destroy any more recent snapshots, as well as any clones of those
snapshots.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-f\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Used with the \fB-R\fR option to force an unmount of any clone file systems
that are to be destroyed.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs clone\fR [\fB-p\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR] ...
\fIsnapshot\fR \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates a clone of the given snapshot. See the "Clones" section for details.
The target dataset can be located anywhere in the \fBZFS\fR hierarchy, and is
created as the same type as the original.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-p\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates all the non-existing parent datasets. Datasets created in this manner
are automatically mounted according to the \fBmountpoint\fR property inherited
from their parent. If the target filesystem or volume already exists, the
operation completes successfully.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Sets the specified property; see \fBzfs create\fR for details.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs promote\fR \fIclone-filesystem\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Promotes a clone file system to no longer be dependent on its "origin"
snapshot. This makes it possible to destroy the file system that the clone was
created from. The clone parent-child dependency relationship is reversed, so
that the origin file system becomes a clone of the specified file system.
.sp
The snapshot that was cloned, and any snapshots previous to this snapshot, are
now owned by the promoted clone. The space they use moves from the origin file
system to the promoted clone, so enough space must be available to accommodate
these snapshots. No new space is consumed by this operation, but the space
accounting is adjusted. The promoted clone must not have any conflicting
snapshot names of its own. The \fBrename\fR subcommand can be used to rename
any conflicting snapshots.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs rename\fR [\fB-f\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fBzfs rename\fR [\fB-fp\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR
\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Renames the given dataset. The new target can be located anywhere in the
\fBZFS\fR hierarchy, with the exception of snapshots. Snapshots can only be
renamed within the parent file system or volume. When renaming a snapshot, the
parent file system of the snapshot does not need to be specified as part of the
second argument. Renamed file systems can inherit new mount points, in which
case they are unmounted and remounted at the new mount point.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-p\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates all the nonexistent parent datasets. Datasets created in this manner
are automatically mounted according to the \fBmountpoint\fR property inherited
from their parent.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-f\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Force unmount any filesystems that need to be unmounted in the process.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs rename\fR \fB-r\fR \fIsnapshot\fR \fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively rename the snapshots of all descendent datasets. Snapshots are the
only dataset that can be renamed recursively.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs\fR \fBlist\fR [\fB-r\fR|\fB-d\fR \fIdepth\fR] [\fB-H\fR] [\fB-o\fR
\fIproperty\fR[,\fI\&...\fR]] [ \fB-t\fR \fItype\fR[,\fI\&...\fR]] [ \fB-s\fR
\fIproperty\fR ] ... [ \fB-S\fR \fIproperty\fR ] ...
[\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR] ...\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Lists the property information for the given datasets in tabular form. If
specified, you can list property information by the absolute pathname or the
relative pathname. By default, all file systems and volumes are displayed.
Snapshots are displayed if the \fBlistsnaps\fR property is \fBon\fR (the
default is \fBoff\fR) . The following fields are displayed,
\fBname,used,available,referenced,mountpoint\fR.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-H\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Used for scripting mode. Do not print headers and separate fields by a single
tab instead of arbitrary white space.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively display any children of the dataset on the command line.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-d\fR \fIdepth\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively display any children of the dataset, limiting the recursion to
\fIdepth\fR. A depth of \fB1\fR will display only the dataset and its direct
children.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-o\fR \fIproperty\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
A comma-separated list of properties to display. The property must be:
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
One of the properties described in the "Native Properties" section
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
A user property
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
The value \fBname\fR to display the dataset name
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
The value \fBspace\fR to display space usage properties on file systems and
volumes. This is a shortcut for specifying \fB-o
name,avail,used,usedsnap,usedds,usedrefreserv,usedchild\fR \fB-t
filesystem,volume\fR syntax.
.RE
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-s\fR \fIproperty\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
A property for sorting the output by column in ascending order based on the
value of the property. The property must be one of the properties described in
the "Properties" section, or the special value \fBname\fR to sort by the
dataset name. Multiple properties can be specified at one time using multiple
\fB-s\fR property options. Multiple \fB-s\fR options are evaluated from left to
right in decreasing order of importance.
.sp
The following is a list of sorting criteria:
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
Numeric types sort in numeric order.
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
String types sort in alphabetical order.
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
Types inappropriate for a row sort that row to the literal bottom, regardless
of the specified ordering.
.RE
.RS +4
.TP
.ie t \(bu
.el o
If no sorting options are specified the existing behavior of \fBzfs list\fR is
preserved.
.RE
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-S\fR \fIproperty\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Same as the \fB-s\fR option, but sorts by property in descending order.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-t\fR \fItype\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
A comma-separated list of types to display, where \fItype\fR is one of
\fBfilesystem\fR, \fBsnapshot\fR , \fBvolume\fR, or \fBall\fR. For example,
specifying \fB-t snapshot\fR displays only snapshots.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs set\fR \fIproperty\fR=\fIvalue\fR
\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR ...\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Sets the property to the given value for each dataset. Only some properties can
be edited. See the "Properties" section for more information on what properties
can be set and acceptable values. Numeric values can be specified as exact
values, or in a human-readable form with a suffix of \fBB\fR, \fBK\fR, \fBM\fR,
\fBG\fR, \fBT\fR, \fBP\fR, \fBE\fR, \fBZ\fR (for bytes, kilobytes, megabytes,
gigabytes, terabytes, petabytes, exabytes, or zettabytes, respectively). User
properties can be set on snapshots. For more information, see the "User
Properties" section.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs get\fR [\fB-r\fR|\fB-d\fR \fIdepth\fR] [\fB-Hp\fR] [\fB-o\fR
\fIfield\fR[,...] [\fB-t\fR \fItype\fR[,...]] [\fB-s\fR \fIsource\fR[,...] "\fIall\fR" |
\fIproperty\fR[,...] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR ...\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Displays properties for the given datasets. If no datasets are specified, then
the command displays properties for all datasets on the system. For each
property, the following columns are displayed:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
    name      Dataset name
     property  Property name
     value     Property value
     source    Property source. Can either be local, default,
               temporary, inherited, or none (-).
.fi
.in -2
.sp

All columns are displayed by default, though this can be controlled by using
the \fB-o\fR option. This command takes a comma-separated list of properties as
described in the "Native Properties" and "User Properties" sections.
.sp
The special value \fBall\fR can be used to display all properties that apply to
the given dataset's type (filesystem, volume, or snapshot).
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively display properties for any children.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-d\fR \fIdepth\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively display any children of the dataset, limiting the recursion to
\fIdepth\fR. A depth of \fB1\fR will display only the dataset and its direct
children.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-H\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Display output in a form more easily parsed by scripts. Any headers are
omitted, and fields are explicitly separated by a single tab instead of an
arbitrary amount of space.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-o\fR \fIfield\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
A comma-separated list of columns to display. \fBname,property,value,source\fR
is the default value.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-s\fR \fIsource\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
A comma-separated list of sources to display. Those properties coming from a
source other than those in this list are ignored. Each source must be one of
the following: \fBlocal,default,inherited,temporary,none\fR. The default value
is all sources.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-p\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Display numbers in parseable (exact) values.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs inherit\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fIproperty\fR
\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR ...\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Clears the specified property, causing it to be inherited from an ancestor. If
no ancestor has the property set, then the default value is used. See the
"Properties" section for a listing of default values, and details on which
properties can be inherited.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively inherit the given property for all children.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs upgrade\fR [\fB-v\fR]\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Displays a list of file systems that are not the most recent version.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs upgrade\fR [\fB-r\fR] [\fB-V\fR \fIversion\fR] [\fB-a\fR |
\fIfilesystem\fR]\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Upgrades file systems to a new on-disk version. Once this is done, the file
systems will no longer be accessible on systems running older versions of the
software. \fBzfs send\fR streams generated from new snapshots of these file
systems cannot be accessed on systems running older versions of the software.
.sp
In general, the file system version is independent of the pool version. See
\fBzpool\fR(1M) for information on the \fBzpool upgrade\fR command.
.sp
In some cases, the file system version and the pool version are interrelated
and the pool version must be upgraded before the file system version can be
upgraded.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-a\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Upgrade all file systems on all imported pools.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIfilesystem\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Upgrade the specified file system.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Upgrade the specified file system and all descendent file systems
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-V\fR \fIversion\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Upgrade to the specified \fIversion\fR. If the \fB-V\fR flag is not specified,
this command upgrades to the most recent version. This option can only be used
to increase the version number, and only up to the most recent version
supported by this software.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs userspace\fR [\fB-niHp\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIfield\fR[,...]] [\fB-sS\fR
\fIfield\fR]... [\fB-t\fR \fItype\fR [,...]] \fIfilesystem\fR |
\fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Displays space consumed by, and quotas on, each user in the specified
filesystem or snapshot. This corresponds to the \fBuserused@\fR\fIuser\fR and
\fBuserquota@\fR\fIuser\fR properties.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-n\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Print numeric ID instead of user/group name.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-H\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Do not print headers, use tab-delimited output.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-p\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Use exact (parseable) numeric output.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-o\fR \fIfield\fR[,...]\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Display only the specified fields from the following set,
\fBtype,name,used,quota\fR.The default is to display all fields.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-s\fR \fIfield\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Sort output by this field. The \fIs\fR and \fIS\fR flags may be specified
multiple times to sort first by one field, then by another. The default is
\fB-s type\fR \fB-s name\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-S\fR \fIfield\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Sort by this field in reverse order. See \fB-s\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-t\fR \fItype\fR[,...]\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Print only the specified types from the following set,
\fBall,posixuser,smbuser,posixgroup,smbgroup\fR.
.sp
The default is \fB-t posixuser,smbuser\fR
.sp
The default can be changed to include group types.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-i\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Translate SID to POSIX ID. The POSIX ID may be ephemeral if no mapping exists.
Normal POSIX interfaces (for example, \fBstat\fR(2), \fBls\fR \fB-l\fR) perform
this translation, so the \fB-i\fR option allows the output from \fBzfs
userspace\fR to be compared directly with those utilities. However, \fB-i\fR
may lead to confusion if some files were created by an SMB user before a
SMB-to-POSIX name mapping was established. In such a case, some files are owned
by the SMB entity and some by the POSIX entity. However, the \fB-i\fR option
will report that the POSIX entity has the total usage and quota for both.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs groupspace\fR [\fB-niHp\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIfield\fR[,...]] [\fB-sS\fR
\fIfield\fR]... [\fB-t\fR \fItype\fR [,...]] \fIfilesystem\fR |
\fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Displays space consumed by, and quotas on, each group in the specified
filesystem or snapshot. This subcommand is identical to \fBzfs userspace\fR,
except that the default types to display are \fB-t posixgroup,smbgroup\fR.
.sp
.in +2
.nf
-
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs mount\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Displays all \fBZFS\fR file systems currently mounted.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs mount\fR [\fB-vO\fR] [\fB-o\fR \fIoptions\fR] \fB-a\fR |
\fIfilesystem\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Mounts \fBZFS\fR file systems. Invoked automatically as part of the boot
process.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-o\fR \fIoptions\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
An optional, comma-separated list of mount options to use temporarily for the
duration of the mount. See the "Temporary Mount Point Properties" section for
details.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-O\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Perform an overlay mount. See \fBmount\fR(1M) for more information.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-v\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Report mount progress.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-a\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Mount all available \fBZFS\fR file systems. Invoked automatically as part of
the boot process.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIfilesystem\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Mount the specified filesystem.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs unmount\fR [\fB-f\fR] \fB-a\fR | \fIfilesystem\fR|\fImountpoint\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Unmounts currently mounted \fBZFS\fR file systems. Invoked automatically as
part of the shutdown process.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-f\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Forcefully unmount the file system, even if it is currently in use.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-a\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Unmount all available \fBZFS\fR file systems. Invoked automatically as part of
the boot process.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIfilesystem\fR|\fImountpoint\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Unmount the specified filesystem. The command can also be given a path to a
\fBZFS\fR file system mount point on the system.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs share\fR \fB-a\fR | \fIfilesystem\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Shares available \fBZFS\fR file systems.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-a\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Share all available \fBZFS\fR file systems. Invoked automatically as part of
the boot process.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIfilesystem\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Share the specified filesystem according to the \fBsharenfs\fR and
\fBsharesmb\fR properties. File systems are shared when the \fBsharenfs\fR or
\fBsharesmb\fR property is set.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs unshare\fR \fB-a\fR | \fIfilesystem\fR|\fImountpoint\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Unshares currently shared \fBZFS\fR file systems. This is invoked automatically
as part of the shutdown process.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-a\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Unshare all available \fBZFS\fR file systems. Invoked automatically as part of
the boot process.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIfilesystem\fR|\fImountpoint\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Unshare the specified filesystem. The command can also be given a path to a
\fBZFS\fR file system shared on the system.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fBzfs send\fR [\fB-DnPpRrv\fR] [\fB-\fR[\fBiI\fR] \fIsnapshot\fR] \fIsnapshot\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates a stream representation of the second \fIsnapshot\fR, which is written
to standard output. The output can be redirected to a file or to a different
system (for example, using \fBssh\fR(1). By default, a full stream is
generated.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-i\fR \fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Generate an incremental stream from the first \fIsnapshot\fR to the second
\fIsnapshot\fR. The incremental source (the first \fIsnapshot\fR) can be
specified as the last component of the snapshot name (for example, the part
after the \fB@\fR), and it is assumed to be from the same file system as the
second \fIsnapshot\fR.
.sp
If the destination is a clone, the source may be the origin snapshot, which
must be fully specified (for example, \fBpool/fs@origin\fR, not just
\fB@origin\fR).
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-I\fR \fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Generate a stream package that sends all intermediary snapshots from the first
snapshot to the second snapshot. For example, \fB-I @a fs@d\fR is similar to
\fB-i @a fs@b; -i @b fs@c; -i @c fs@d\fR. The incremental source snapshot may
be specified as with the \fB-i\fR option.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-R\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Generate a replication stream package, which will replicate the specified
filesystem, and all descendent file systems, up to the named snapshot. When
received, all properties, snapshots, descendent file systems, and clones are
preserved.
.sp
If the \fB-i\fR or \fB-I\fR flags are used in conjunction with the \fB-R\fR
flag, an incremental replication stream is generated. The current values of
properties, and current snapshot and file system names are set when the stream
is received. If the \fB-F\fR flag is specified when this stream is received,
snapshots and file systems that do not exist on the sending side are destroyed.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-D\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Generate a deduplicated stream.  Blocks which would have been sent multiple
times in the send stream will only be sent once.  The receiving system must
also support this feature to recieve a deduplicated stream.  This flag can
be used regardless of the dataset's \fBdedup\fR property, but performance
will be much better if the filesystem uses a dedup-capable checksum (eg.
\fBsha256\fR).
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively send all descendant snapshots.  This is similar to the \fB-R\fR
flag, but information about deleted and renamed datasets is not included, and
property information is only included if the \fB-p\fR flag is specified.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-p\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Include the dataset's properties in the stream.  This flag is implicit when
\fB-R\fR is specified.  The receiving system must also support this feature.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-n\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Do a dry-run ("No-op") send.  Do not generate any actual send data.  This is
useful in conjunction with the \fB-v\fR or \fB-P\fR flags to determine what
data will be sent.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-P\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Print machine-parsable verbose information about the stream package generated.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-v\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Print verbose information about the stream package generated.  This information
includes a per-second report of how much data has been sent.
.RE

The format of the stream is committed. You will be able to receive your streams
on future versions of \fBZFS\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs receive\fR [\fB-vnFu\fR]
\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR|\fIsnapshot\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fBzfs receive\fR [\fB-vnFu\fR] [\fB-d\fR|\fB-e\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Creates a snapshot whose contents are as specified in the stream provided on
standard input. If a full stream is received, then a new file system is created
as well. Streams are created using the \fBzfs send\fR subcommand, which by
default creates a full stream. \fBzfs recv\fR can be used as an alias for
\fBzfs receive\fR.
.sp
If an incremental stream is received, then the destination file system must
already exist, and its most recent snapshot must match the incremental stream's
source. For \fBzvols\fR, the destination device link is destroyed and
recreated, which means the \fBzvol\fR cannot be accessed during the
\fBreceive\fR operation.
.sp
When a snapshot replication package stream that is generated by using the
\fBzfs send\fR \fB-R\fR command is  received, any snapshots that do not exist
on the sending location are destroyed by using the \fBzfs destroy\fR \fB-d\fR
command.
.sp
The name of the snapshot (and file system, if a full stream is received) that
this subcommand creates depends on the argument type and the use of the
\fB-d\fR or \fB-e\fR options.
.sp
If the argument is a snapshot name, the specified \fIsnapshot\fR is created. If
the argument is a file system or volume name, a snapshot with the same name as
the sent snapshot is created within the specified \fIfilesystem\fR or
\fIvolume\fR.  If neither of the \fB-d\fR or \fB-e\fR options are specified,
the provided target snapshot name is used exactly as provided.
.sp
The \fB-d\fR and \fB-e\fR options cause the file system name of the target
snapshot to be determined by appending a portion of the sent snapshot's name to
the specified target \fIfilesystem\fR. If the \fB-d\fR option is specified, all
but the first element of the sent snapshot's file system path (usually the
pool name) is used and any required intermediate file systems within the
specified one are created.  If the \fB-e\fR option is specified, then only the
last element of the sent snapshot's file system name (i.e. the name of the
source file system itself) is used as the target file system name.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-d\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Discard the first element of the sent snapshot's file system name, using
the remaining elements to determine the name of the target file system for
the new snapshot as described in the paragraph above.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-e\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Discard all but the last element of the sent snapshot's file system name,
using that element to determine the name of the target file system for
the new snapshot as described in the paragraph above.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-u\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
File system that is associated with the received stream is not mounted.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-v\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Print verbose information about the stream and the time required to perform the
receive operation.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-n\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Do not actually receive the stream. This can be useful in conjunction with the
\fB-v\fR option to verify the name the receive operation would use.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-F\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Force a rollback of the file system to the most recent snapshot before
performing the receive operation. If receiving an incremental replication
stream (for example, one generated by \fBzfs send -R -[iI]\fR), destroy
snapshots and file systems that do not exist on the sending side.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs allow\fR \fIfilesystem\fR | \fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Displays permissions that have been delegated on the specified filesystem or
volume. See the other forms of \fBzfs allow\fR for more information.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs allow\fR [\fB-ldug\fR] "\fIeveryone\fR"|\fIuser\fR|\fIgroup\fR[,...]
\fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,...] \fIfilesystem\fR| \fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fBzfs allow\fR [\fB-ld\fR] \fB-e\fR \fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,...]
\fIfilesystem\fR | \fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Delegates \fBZFS\fR administration permission for the file systems to
non-privileged users.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB[\fB-ug\fR] "\fIeveryone\fR"|\fIuser\fR|\fIgroup\fR[,...]\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Specifies to whom the permissions are delegated. Multiple entities can be
specified as a comma-separated list. If neither of the \fB-ug\fR options are
specified, then the argument is interpreted preferentially as the keyword
"everyone", then as a user name, and lastly as a group name. To specify a user
or group named "everyone", use the \fB-u\fR or \fB-g\fR options. To specify a
group with the same name as a user, use the \fB-g\fR options.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB[\fB-e\fR] \fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,...]\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Specifies that the permissions be delegated to "everyone." Multiple permissions
may be specified as a comma-separated list. Permission names are the same as
\fBZFS\fR subcommand and property names. See the property list below. Property
set names, which begin with an at sign (\fB@\fR) , may be specified. See the
\fB-s\fR form below for details.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB[\fB-ld\fR] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Specifies where the permissions are delegated. If neither of the \fB-ld\fR
options are specified, or both are, then the permissions are allowed for the
file system or volume, and all of its descendents. If only the \fB-l\fR option
is used, then is allowed "locally" only for the specified file system. If only
the \fB-d\fR option is used, then is allowed only for the descendent file
systems.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.LP
Permissions are generally the ability to use a \fBZFS\fR subcommand or change a
\fBZFS\fR property. The following permissions are available:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
NAME             TYPE           NOTES
allow            subcommand     Must also have the permission that is being
                                allowed
clone            subcommand     Must also have the 'create' ability and 'mount'
                                ability in the origin file system
create           subcommand     Must also have the 'mount' ability
destroy          subcommand     Must also have the 'mount' ability
mount            subcommand     Allows mount/umount of ZFS datasets
promote          subcommand     Must also have the 'mount'
                                and 'promote' ability in the origin file system
receive          subcommand     Must also have the 'mount' and 'create' ability
rename           subcommand     Must also have the 'mount' and 'create'
                                ability in the new parent
rollback         subcommand     Must also have the 'mount' ability
send             subcommand
share            subcommand     Allows sharing file systems over NFS or SMB
                                protocols
snapshot         subcommand     Must also have the 'mount' ability
groupquota       other          Allows accessing any groupquota@... property
groupused        other          Allows reading any groupused@... property
userprop         other          Allows changing any user property
userquota        other          Allows accessing any userquota@... property
userused         other          Allows reading any userused@... property

aclinherit       property
aclmode          property
atime            property
canmount         property
casesensitivity  property
checksum         property
compression      property
copies           property
devices          property
exec             property
mountpoint       property
nbmand           property
normalization    property
primarycache     property
quota            property
readonly         property
recordsize       property
refquota         property
refreservation   property
reservation      property
secondarycache   property
setuid           property
shareiscsi       property
sharenfs         property
sharesmb         property
snapdir          property
utf8only         property
version          property
volblocksize     property
volsize          property
vscan            property
xattr            property
zoned            property
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs allow\fR \fB-c\fR \fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,...]
\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Sets "create time" permissions. These permissions are granted (locally) to the
creator of any newly-created descendent file system.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs allow\fR \fB-s\fR @\fIsetname\fR \fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,...]
\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Defines or adds permissions to a permission set. The set can be used by other
\fBzfs allow\fR commands for the specified file system and its descendents.
Sets are evaluated dynamically, so changes to a set are immediately reflected.
Permission sets follow the same naming restrictions as ZFS file systems, but
the name must begin with an "at sign" (\fB@\fR), and can be no more than 64
characters long.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs unallow\fR [\fB-rldug\fR]
"\fIeveryone\fR"|\fIuser\fR|\fIgroup\fR[,...]
[\fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[, ...]] \fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fBzfs unallow\fR [\fB-rld\fR] \fB-e\fR [\fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR [,...]]
\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fBzfs unallow\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fB-c\fR [\fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,...]]\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Removes permissions that were granted with the \fBzfs allow\fR command. No
permissions are explicitly denied, so other permissions granted are still in
effect. For example, if the permission is granted by an ancestor. If no
permissions are specified, then all permissions for the specified \fIuser\fR,
\fIgroup\fR, or \fIeveryone\fR are removed. Specifying "everyone" (or using the
\fB-e\fR option) only removes the permissions that were granted to "everyone",
not all permissions for every user and group. See the \fBzfs allow\fR command
for a description of the \fB-ldugec\fR options.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively remove the permissions from this file system and all descendents.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs unallow\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fB-s\fR @\fIsetname\fR
[\fIperm\fR|@\fIsetname\fR[,...]]\fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fIfilesystem\fR|\fIvolume\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Removes permissions from a permission set. If no permissions are specified,
then all permissions are removed, thus removing the set entirely.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs hold\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fItag\fR \fIsnapshot\fR...\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Adds a single reference, named with the \fItag\fR argument, to the specified
snapshot or snapshots. Each snapshot has its own tag namespace, and tags must
be unique within that space.
.sp
If a hold exists on a snapshot, attempts to destroy that snapshot by using the
\fBzfs destroy\fR command return \fBEBUSY\fR.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Specifies that a hold with the given tag is applied recursively to the
snapshots of all descendent file systems.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs holds\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fIsnapshot\fR...\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Lists all existing user references for the given snapshot or snapshots.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Lists the holds that are set on the named descendent snapshots, in addition to
listing the holds on the named snapshot.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBzfs release\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fItag\fR \fIsnapshot\fR...\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Removes a single reference, named with the \fItag\fR argument, from the
specified snapshot or snapshots. The tag must already exist for each snapshot.
.sp
If a hold exists on a snapshot, attempts to destroy that snapshot by using the
\fBzfs destroy\fR command return \fBEBUSY\fR.
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB-r\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Recursively releases a hold with the given tag on the snapshots of all
descendent file systems.
.RE

.RE

.SH EXAMPLES
.LP
\fBExample 1 \fRCreating a ZFS File System Hierarchy
.sp
.LP
The following commands create a file system named \fBpool/home\fR and a file
system named \fBpool/home/bob\fR. The mount point \fB/export/home\fR is set for
the parent file system, and is automatically inherited by the child file
system.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs create pool/home\fR
# \fBzfs set mountpoint=/export/home pool/home\fR
# \fBzfs create pool/home/bob\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 2 \fRCreating a ZFS Snapshot
.sp
.LP
The following command creates a snapshot named \fByesterday\fR. This snapshot
is mounted on demand in the \fB\&.zfs/snapshot\fR directory at the root of the
\fBpool/home/bob\fR file system.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs snapshot pool/home/bob@yesterday\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 3 \fRCreating and Destroying Multiple Snapshots
.sp
.LP
The following command creates snapshots named \fByesterday\fR of
\fBpool/home\fR and all of its descendent file systems. Each snapshot is
mounted on demand in the \fB\&.zfs/snapshot\fR directory at the root of its
file system. The second command destroys the newly created snapshots.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs snapshot -r pool/home@yesterday\fR
# \fBzfs destroy -r pool/home@yesterday\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 4 \fRDisabling and Enabling File System Compression
.sp
.LP
The following command disables the \fBcompression\fR property for all file
systems under \fBpool/home\fR. The next command explicitly enables
\fBcompression\fR for \fBpool/home/anne\fR.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs set compression=off pool/home\fR
# \fBzfs set compression=on pool/home/anne\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 5 \fRListing ZFS Datasets
.sp
.LP
The following command lists all active file systems and volumes in the system.
Snapshots are displayed if the \fBlistsnaps\fR property is \fBon\fR. The
default is \fBoff\fR. See \fBzpool\fR(1M) for more information on pool
properties.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs list\fR
   NAME                      USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
   pool                      450K   457G    18K  /pool
   pool/home                 315K   457G    21K  /export/home
   pool/home/anne             18K   457G    18K  /export/home/anne
   pool/home/bob             276K   457G   276K  /export/home/bob
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 6 \fRSetting a Quota on a ZFS File System
.sp
.LP
The following command sets a quota of 50 Gbytes for \fBpool/home/bob\fR.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs set quota=50G pool/home/bob\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 7 \fRListing ZFS Properties
.sp
.LP
The following command lists all properties for \fBpool/home/bob\fR.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs get all pool/home/bob\fR
NAME           PROPERTY              VALUE                  SOURCE
pool/home/bob  type                  filesystem             -
pool/home/bob  creation              Tue Jul 21 15:53 2009  -
pool/home/bob  used                  21K                    -
pool/home/bob  available             20.0G                  -
pool/home/bob  referenced            21K                    -
pool/home/bob  compressratio         1.00x                  -
pool/home/bob  mounted               yes                    -
pool/home/bob  quota                 20G                    local
pool/home/bob  reservation           none                   default
pool/home/bob  recordsize            128K                   default
pool/home/bob  mountpoint            /pool/home/bob         default
pool/home/bob  sharenfs              off                    default
pool/home/bob  checksum              on                     default
pool/home/bob  compression           on                     local
pool/home/bob  atime                 on                     default
pool/home/bob  devices               on                     default
pool/home/bob  exec                  on                     default
pool/home/bob  setuid                on                     default
pool/home/bob  readonly              off                    default
pool/home/bob  zoned                 off                    default
pool/home/bob  snapdir               hidden                 default
pool/home/bob  aclmode               discard                default
pool/home/bob  aclinherit            restricted             default
pool/home/bob  canmount              on                     default
pool/home/bob  shareiscsi            off                    default
pool/home/bob  xattr                 on                     default
pool/home/bob  copies                1                      default
pool/home/bob  version               4                      -
pool/home/bob  utf8only              off                    -
pool/home/bob  normalization         none                   -
pool/home/bob  casesensitivity       sensitive              -
pool/home/bob  vscan                 off                    default
pool/home/bob  nbmand                off                    default
pool/home/bob  sharesmb              off                    default
pool/home/bob  refquota              none                   default
pool/home/bob  refreservation        none                   default
pool/home/bob  primarycache          all                    default
pool/home/bob  secondarycache        all                    default
pool/home/bob  usedbysnapshots       0                      -
pool/home/bob  usedbydataset         21K                    -
pool/home/bob  usedbychildren        0                      -
pool/home/bob  usedbyrefreservation  0                      -
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
The following command gets a single property value.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs get -H -o value compression pool/home/bob\fR
on
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
The following command lists all properties with local settings for
\fBpool/home/bob\fR.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs get -r -s local -o name,property,value all pool/home/bob\fR
NAME           PROPERTY              VALUE
pool/home/bob  quota                 20G
pool/home/bob  compression           on
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 8 \fRRolling Back a ZFS File System
.sp
.LP
The following command reverts the contents of \fBpool/home/anne\fR to the
snapshot named \fByesterday\fR, deleting all intermediate snapshots.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs rollback -r pool/home/anne@yesterday\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 9 \fRCreating a ZFS Clone
.sp
.LP
The following command creates a writable file system whose initial contents are
the same as \fBpool/home/bob@yesterday\fR.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs clone pool/home/bob@yesterday pool/clone\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 10 \fRPromoting a ZFS Clone
.sp
.LP
The following commands illustrate how to test out changes to a file system, and
then replace the original file system with the changed one, using clones, clone
promotion, and renaming:

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs create pool/project/production\fR
  populate /pool/project/production with data
# \fBzfs snapshot pool/project/production@today\fR
# \fBzfs clone pool/project/production@today pool/project/beta\fR
make changes to /pool/project/beta and test them
# \fBzfs promote pool/project/beta\fR
# \fBzfs rename pool/project/production pool/project/legacy\fR
# \fBzfs rename pool/project/beta pool/project/production\fR
once the legacy version is no longer needed, it can be destroyed
# \fBzfs destroy pool/project/legacy\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 11 \fRInheriting ZFS Properties
.sp
.LP
The following command causes \fBpool/home/bob\fR and \fBpool/home/anne\fR to
inherit the \fBchecksum\fR property from their parent.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs inherit checksum pool/home/bob pool/home/anne\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 12 \fRRemotely Replicating ZFS Data
.sp
.LP
The following commands send a full stream and then an incremental stream to a
remote machine, restoring them into \fBpoolB/received/fs@a\fRand
\fBpoolB/received/fs@b\fR, respectively. \fBpoolB\fR must contain the file
system \fBpoolB/received\fR, and must not initially contain
\fBpoolB/received/fs\fR.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs send pool/fs@a | \e\fR
   \fBssh host zfs receive poolB/received/fs@a\fR
# \fBzfs send -i a pool/fs@b | ssh host \e\fR
   \fBzfs receive poolB/received/fs\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 13 \fRUsing the \fBzfs receive\fR \fB-d\fR Option
.sp
.LP
The following command sends a full stream of \fBpoolA/fsA/fsB@snap\fR to a
remote machine, receiving it into \fBpoolB/received/fsA/fsB@snap\fR. The
\fBfsA/fsB@snap\fR portion of the received snapshot's name is determined from
the name of the sent snapshot. \fBpoolB\fR must contain the file system
\fBpoolB/received\fR. If \fBpoolB/received/fsA\fR does not exist, it is created
as an empty file system.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs send poolA/fsA/fsB@snap | \e
   ssh host zfs receive -d poolB/received\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 14 \fRSetting User Properties
.sp
.LP
The following example sets the user-defined \fBcom.example:department\fR
property for a dataset.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs set com.example:department=12345 tank/accounting\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 15 \fRCreating a ZFS Volume as an iSCSI Target Device
.sp
.LP
The following example shows how to create a \fBZFS\fR volume as an \fBiSCSI\fR
target.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs create -V 2g pool/volumes/vol1\fR
# \fBzfs set shareiscsi=on pool/volumes/vol1\fR
# \fBiscsitadm list target\fR
Target: pool/volumes/vol1
 iSCSI Name:
 iqn.1986-03.com.sun:02:7b4b02a6-3277-eb1b-e686-a24762c52a8c
 Connections: 0
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
After the \fBiSCSI\fR target is created, set up the \fBiSCSI\fR initiator. For
more information about the Solaris \fBiSCSI\fR initiator, see
\fBiscsitadm\fR(1M).
.LP
\fBExample 16 \fRPerforming a Rolling Snapshot
.sp
.LP
The following example shows how to maintain a history of snapshots with a
consistent naming scheme. To keep a week's worth of snapshots, the user
destroys the oldest snapshot, renames the remaining snapshots, and then creates
a new snapshot, as follows:

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs destroy -r pool/users@7daysago\fR
# \fBzfs rename -r pool/users@6daysago @7daysago\fR
# \fBzfs rename -r pool/users@5daysago @6daysago\fR
# \fBzfs rename -r pool/users@yesterday @5daysago\fR
# \fBzfs rename -r pool/users@yesterday @4daysago\fR
# \fBzfs rename -r pool/users@yesterday @3daysago\fR
# \fBzfs rename -r pool/users@yesterday @2daysago\fR
# \fBzfs rename -r pool/users@today @yesterday\fR
# \fBzfs snapshot -r pool/users@today\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 17 \fRSetting \fBsharenfs\fR Property Options on a ZFS File System
.sp
.LP
The following commands show how to set \fBsharenfs\fR property options to
enable \fBrw\fR access for a set of \fBIP\fR addresses and to enable root
access for system \fBneo\fR on the \fBtank/home\fR file system.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fB# zfs set sharenfs='rw=@123.123.0.0/16,root=neo' tank/home\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
If you are using \fBDNS\fR for host name resolution, specify the fully
qualified hostname.

.LP
\fBExample 18 \fRDelegating ZFS Administration Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
.sp
.LP
The following example shows how to set permissions so that user \fBcindys\fR
can create, destroy, mount, and take snapshots on \fBtank/cindys\fR. The
permissions on \fBtank/cindys\fR are also displayed.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs allow cindys create,destroy,mount,snapshot tank/cindys\fR
# \fBzfs allow tank/cindys\fR
-------------------------------------------------------------
Local+Descendent permissions on (tank/cindys)
          user cindys create,destroy,mount,snapshot
-------------------------------------------------------------
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.sp
.LP
Because the \fBtank/cindys\fR mount point permission is set to 755 by default,
user \fBcindys\fR will be unable to mount file systems under \fBtank/cindys\fR.
Set an \fBACL\fR similar to the following syntax to provide mount point access:
.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBchmod A+user:cindys:add_subdirectory:allow /tank/cindys\fR
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 19 \fRDelegating Create Time Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
.sp
.LP
The following example shows how to grant anyone in the group \fBstaff\fR to
create file systems in \fBtank/users\fR. This syntax also allows staff members
to destroy their own file systems, but not destroy anyone else's file system.
The permissions on \fBtank/users\fR are also displayed.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fB# zfs allow staff create,mount tank/users\fR
# \fBzfs allow -c destroy tank/users\fR
# \fBzfs allow tank/users\fR
-------------------------------------------------------------
Create time permissions on (tank/users)
          create,destroy
Local+Descendent permissions on (tank/users)
          group staff create,mount
-------------------------------------------------------------
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 20 \fRDefining and Granting a Permission Set on a ZFS Dataset
.sp
.LP
The following example shows how to define and grant a permission set on the
\fBtank/users\fR file system. The permissions on \fBtank/users\fR are also
displayed.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs allow -s @pset create,destroy,snapshot,mount tank/users\fR
# \fBzfs allow staff @pset tank/users\fR
# \fBzfs allow tank/users\fR
-------------------------------------------------------------
Permission sets on (tank/users)
        @pset create,destroy,mount,snapshot
Create time permissions on (tank/users)
        create,destroy
Local+Descendent permissions on (tank/users)
        group staff @pset,create,mount
-------------------------------------------------------------
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 21 \fRDelegating Property Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
.sp
.LP
The following example shows to grant the ability to set quotas and reservations
on the \fBusers/home\fR file system. The permissions on \fBusers/home\fR are
also displayed.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs allow cindys quota,reservation users/home\fR
# \fBzfs allow users/home\fR
-------------------------------------------------------------
Local+Descendent permissions on (users/home)
        user cindys quota,reservation
-------------------------------------------------------------
cindys% \fBzfs set quota=10G users/home/marks\fR
cindys% \fBzfs get quota users/home/marks\fR
NAME              PROPERTY  VALUE             SOURCE
users/home/marks  quota     10G               local
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.LP
\fBExample 22 \fRRemoving ZFS Delegated Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
.sp
.LP
The following example shows how to remove the snapshot permission from the
\fBstaff\fR group on the \fBtank/users\fR file system. The permissions on
\fBtank/users\fR are also displayed.

.sp
.in +2
.nf
# \fBzfs unallow staff snapshot tank/users\fR
# \fBzfs allow tank/users\fR
-------------------------------------------------------------
Permission sets on (tank/users)
        @pset create,destroy,mount,snapshot
Create time permissions on (tank/users)
        create,destroy
Local+Descendent permissions on (tank/users)
        group staff @pset,create,mount
-------------------------------------------------------------
.fi
.in -2
.sp

.SH EXIT STATUS
.sp
.LP
The following exit values are returned:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB0\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Successful completion.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB1\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
An error occurred.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB2\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
Invalid command line options were specified.
.RE

.SH ATTRIBUTES
.sp
.LP
See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
.sp

.sp
.TS
box;
c | c
l | l .
ATTRIBUTE TYPE	ATTRIBUTE VALUE
_
Interface Stability	Committed
.TE

.SH SEE ALSO
.sp
.LP
\fBssh\fR(1), \fBiscsitadm\fR(1M), \fBmount\fR(1M), \fBshare\fR(1M),
\fBsharemgr\fR(1M), \fBunshare\fR(1M), \fBzonecfg\fR(1M), \fBzpool\fR(1M),
\fBchmod\fR(2), \fBstat\fR(2), \fBwrite\fR(2), \fBfsync\fR(3C),
\fBdfstab\fR(4), \fBattributes\fR(5)
.sp
.LP
See the \fBgzip\fR(1) man page, which is not part of the SunOS man page
collection.
.sp
.LP
For information about using the \fBZFS\fR web-based management tool and other
\fBZFS\fR features, see the \fISolaris ZFS Administration Guide\fR.