path: root/source/components/hardware/hwregs.c

/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * Module Name: hwregs - Read/write access functions for the various ACPI
 *                       control and status registers.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * 1. Copyright Notice
 *
 * Some or all of this work - Copyright (c) 1999 - 2017, Intel Corp.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * 2. License
 *
 * 2.1. This is your license from Intel Corp. under its intellectual property
 * rights. You may have additional license terms from the party that provided
 * you this software, covering your right to use that party's intellectual
 * property rights.
 *
 * 2.2. Intel grants, free of charge, to any person ("Licensee") obtaining a
 * copy of the source code appearing in this file ("Covered Code") an
 * irrevocable, perpetual, worldwide license under Intel's copyrights in the
 * base code distributed originally by Intel ("Original Intel Code") to copy,
 * make derivatives, distribute, use and display any portion of the Covered
 * Code in any form, with the right to sublicense such rights; and
 *
 * 2.3. Intel grants Licensee a non-exclusive and non-transferable patent
 * license (with the right to sublicense), under only those claims of Intel
 * patents that are infringed by the Original Intel Code, to make, use, sell,
 * offer to sell, and import the Covered Code and derivative works thereof
 * solely to the minimum extent necessary to exercise the above copyright
 * license, and in no event shall the patent license extend to any additions
 * to or modifications of the Original Intel Code. No other license or right
 * is granted directly or by implication, estoppel or otherwise;
 *
 * The above copyright and patent license is granted only if the following
 * conditions are met:
 *
 * 3. Conditions
 *
 * 3.1. Redistribution of Source with Rights to Further Distribute Source.
 * Redistribution of source code of any substantial portion of the Covered
 * Code or modification with rights to further distribute source must include
 * the above Copyright Notice, the above License, this list of Conditions,
 * and the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance provision. In addition,
 * Licensee must cause all Covered Code to which Licensee contributes to
 * contain a file documenting the changes Licensee made to create that Covered
 * Code and the date of any change. Licensee must include in that file the
 * documentation of any changes made by any predecessor Licensee. Licensee
 * must include a prominent statement that the modification is derived,
 * directly or indirectly, from Original Intel Code.
 *
 * 3.2. Redistribution of Source with no Rights to Further Distribute Source.
 * Redistribution of source code of any substantial portion of the Covered
 * Code or modification without rights to further distribute source must
 * include the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance provision in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with distribution. In
 * addition, Licensee may not authorize further sublicense of source of any
 * portion of the Covered Code, and must include terms to the effect that the
 * license from Licensee to its licensee is limited to the intellectual
 * property embodied in the software Licensee provides to its licensee, and
 * not to intellectual property embodied in modifications its licensee may
 * make.
 *
 * 3.3. Redistribution of Executable. Redistribution in executable form of any
 * substantial portion of the Covered Code or modification must reproduce the
 * above Copyright Notice, and the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance
 * provision in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 * distribution.
 *
 * 3.4. Intel retains all right, title, and interest in and to the Original
 * Intel Code.
 *
 * 3.5. Neither the name Intel nor any other trademark owned or controlled by
 * Intel shall be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
 * other dealings in products derived from or relating to the Covered Code
 * without prior written authorization from Intel.
 *
 * 4. Disclaimer and Export Compliance
 *
 * 4.1. INTEL MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND REGARDING ANY SOFTWARE PROVIDED
 * HERE. ANY SOFTWARE ORIGINATING FROM INTEL OR DERIVED FROM INTEL SOFTWARE
 * IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND INTEL WILL NOT PROVIDE ANY SUPPORT, ASSISTANCE,
 * INSTALLATION, TRAINING OR OTHER SERVICES. INTEL WILL NOT PROVIDE ANY
 * UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS OR EXTENSIONS. INTEL SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 * 4.2. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTEL HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO LICENSEE, ITS LICENSEES
 * OR ANY OTHER THIRD PARTY, FOR ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST DATA, LOSS OF USE OR
 * COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, OR FOR ANY INDIRECT,
 * SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, UNDER ANY
 * CAUSE OF ACTION OR THEORY OF LIABILITY, AND IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER INTEL
 * HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THESE LIMITATIONS
 * SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF THE ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY
 * LIMITED REMEDY.
 *
 * 4.3. Licensee shall not export, either directly or indirectly, any of this
 * software or system incorporating such software without first obtaining any
 * required license or other approval from the U. S. Department of Commerce or
 * any other agency or department of the United States Government. In the
 * event Licensee exports any such software from the United States or
 * re-exports any such software from a foreign destination, Licensee shall
 * ensure that the distribution and export/re-export of the software is in
 * compliance with all laws, regulations, orders, or other restrictions of the
 * U.S. Export Administration Regulations. Licensee agrees that neither it nor
 * any of its subsidiaries will export/re-export any technical data, process,
 * software, or service, directly or indirectly, to any country for which the
 * United States government or any agency thereof requires an export license,
 * other governmental approval, or letter of assurance, without first obtaining
 * such license, approval or letter.
 *
 *****************************************************************************
 *
 * Alternatively, you may choose to be licensed under the terms of the
 * following license:
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer,
 *    without modification.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce at minimum a disclaimer
 *    substantially similar to the "NO WARRANTY" disclaimer below
 *    ("Disclaimer") and any redistribution must be conditioned upon
 *    including a substantially similar Disclaimer requirement for further
 *    binary redistribution.
 * 3. Neither the names of the above-listed copyright holders nor the names
 *    of any contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Alternatively, you may choose to be licensed under the terms of the
 * GNU General Public License ("GPL") version 2 as published by the Free
 * Software Foundation.
 *
 *****************************************************************************/

#include "acpi.h"
#include "accommon.h"
#include "acevents.h"

#define _COMPONENT          ACPI_HARDWARE
        ACPI_MODULE_NAME    ("hwregs")


#if (!ACPI_REDUCED_HARDWARE)

/* Local Prototypes */

static UINT8
AcpiHwGetAccessBitWidth (
    UINT64                  Address,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *Reg,
    UINT8                   MaxBitWidth);

static ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwReadMultiple (
    UINT32                  *Value,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *RegisterA,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *RegisterB);

static ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwWriteMultiple (
    UINT32                  Value,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *RegisterA,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *RegisterB);

#endif /* !ACPI_REDUCED_HARDWARE */


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwGetAccessBitWidth
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Address             - GAS register address
 *              Reg                 - GAS register structure
 *              MaxBitWidth         - Max BitWidth supported (32 or 64)
 *
 * RETURN:      Status
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Obtain optimal access bit width
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

static UINT8
AcpiHwGetAccessBitWidth (
    UINT64                  Address,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *Reg,
    UINT8                   MaxBitWidth)
{
    UINT8                   AccessBitWidth;


    /*
     * GAS format "register", used by FADT:
     *  1. Detected if BitOffset is 0 and BitWidth is 8/16/32/64;
     *  2. AccessSize field is ignored and BitWidth field is used for
     *     determining the boundary of the IO accesses.
     * GAS format "region", used by APEI registers:
     *  1. Detected if BitOffset is not 0 or BitWidth is not 8/16/32/64;
     *  2. AccessSize field is used for determining the boundary of the
     *     IO accesses;
     *  3. BitOffset/BitWidth fields are used to describe the "region".
     *
     * Note: This algorithm assumes that the "Address" fields should always
     *       contain aligned values.
     */
    if (!Reg->BitOffset && Reg->BitWidth &&
        ACPI_IS_POWER_OF_TWO (Reg->BitWidth) &&
        ACPI_IS_ALIGNED (Reg->BitWidth, 8))
    {
        AccessBitWidth = Reg->BitWidth;
    }
    else if (Reg->AccessWidth)
    {
        AccessBitWidth = ACPI_ACCESS_BIT_WIDTH (Reg->AccessWidth);
    }
    else
    {
        AccessBitWidth = ACPI_ROUND_UP_POWER_OF_TWO_8 (
            Reg->BitOffset + Reg->BitWidth);
        if (AccessBitWidth <= 8)
        {
            AccessBitWidth = 8;
        }
        else
        {
            while (!ACPI_IS_ALIGNED (Address, AccessBitWidth >> 3))
            {
                AccessBitWidth >>= 1;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Maximum IO port access bit width is 32 */

    if (Reg->SpaceId == ACPI_ADR_SPACE_SYSTEM_IO)
    {
        MaxBitWidth = 32;
    }

    /*
     * Return access width according to the requested maximum access bit width,
     * as the caller should know the format of the register and may enforce
     * a 32-bit accesses.
     */
    if (AccessBitWidth < MaxBitWidth)
    {
        return (AccessBitWidth);
    }
    return (MaxBitWidth);
}


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwValidateRegister
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Reg                 - GAS register structure
 *              MaxBitWidth         - Max BitWidth supported (32 or 64)
 *              Address             - Pointer to where the gas->address
 *                                    is returned
 *
 * RETURN:      Status
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Validate the contents of a GAS register. Checks the GAS
 *              pointer, Address, SpaceId, BitWidth, and BitOffset.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwValidateRegister (
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *Reg,
    UINT8                   MaxBitWidth,
    UINT64                  *Address)
{
    UINT8                   BitWidth;
    UINT8                   AccessWidth;


    /* Must have a valid pointer to a GAS structure */

    if (!Reg)
    {
        return (AE_BAD_PARAMETER);
    }

    /*
     * Copy the target address. This handles possible alignment issues.
     * Address must not be null. A null address also indicates an optional
     * ACPI register that is not supported, so no error message.
     */
    ACPI_MOVE_64_TO_64 (Address, &Reg->Address);
    if (!(*Address))
    {
        return (AE_BAD_ADDRESS);
    }

    /* Validate the SpaceID */

    if ((Reg->SpaceId != ACPI_ADR_SPACE_SYSTEM_MEMORY) &&
        (Reg->SpaceId != ACPI_ADR_SPACE_SYSTEM_IO))
    {
        ACPI_ERROR ((AE_INFO,
            "Unsupported address space: 0x%X", Reg->SpaceId));
        return (AE_SUPPORT);
    }

    /* Validate the AccessWidth */

    if (Reg->AccessWidth > 4)
    {
        ACPI_ERROR ((AE_INFO,
            "Unsupported register access width: 0x%X", Reg->AccessWidth));
        return (AE_SUPPORT);
    }

    /* Validate the BitWidth, convert AccessWidth into number of bits */

    AccessWidth = AcpiHwGetAccessBitWidth (*Address, Reg, MaxBitWidth);
    BitWidth = ACPI_ROUND_UP (Reg->BitOffset + Reg->BitWidth, AccessWidth);
    if (MaxBitWidth < BitWidth)
    {
        ACPI_WARNING ((AE_INFO,
            "Requested bit width 0x%X is smaller than register bit width 0x%X",
            MaxBitWidth, BitWidth));
        return (AE_SUPPORT);
    }

    return (AE_OK);
}


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwRead
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Value               - Where the value is returned
 *              Reg                 - GAS register structure
 *
 * RETURN:      Status
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Read from either memory or IO space. This is a 64-bit max
 *              version of AcpiRead.
 *
 * LIMITATIONS: <These limitations also apply to AcpiHwWrite>
 *      SpaceID must be SystemMemory or SystemIO.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwRead (
    UINT64                  *Value,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *Reg)
{
    UINT64                  Address;
    UINT8                   AccessWidth;
    UINT32                  BitWidth;
    UINT8                   BitOffset;
    UINT64                  Value64;
    UINT32                  Value32;
    UINT8                   Index;
    ACPI_STATUS             Status;


    ACPI_FUNCTION_NAME (HwRead);


    /* Validate contents of the GAS register */

    Status = AcpiHwValidateRegister (Reg, 64, &Address);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
    {
        return (Status);
    }

    /*
     * Initialize entire 64-bit return value to zero, convert AccessWidth
     * into number of bits based
     */
    *Value = 0;
    AccessWidth = AcpiHwGetAccessBitWidth (Address, Reg, 64);
    BitWidth = Reg->BitOffset + Reg->BitWidth;
    BitOffset = Reg->BitOffset;

    /*
     * Two address spaces supported: Memory or IO. PCI_Config is
     * not supported here because the GAS structure is insufficient
     */
    Index = 0;
    while (BitWidth)
    {
        if (BitOffset >= AccessWidth)
        {
            Value64 = 0;
            BitOffset -= AccessWidth;
        }
        else
        {
            if (Reg->SpaceId == ACPI_ADR_SPACE_SYSTEM_MEMORY)
            {
                Status = AcpiOsReadMemory ((ACPI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS)
                    Address + Index * ACPI_DIV_8 (AccessWidth),
                    &Value64, AccessWidth);
            }
            else /* ACPI_ADR_SPACE_SYSTEM_IO, validated earlier */
            {
                Status = AcpiHwReadPort ((ACPI_IO_ADDRESS)
                    Address + Index * ACPI_DIV_8 (AccessWidth),
                    &Value32, AccessWidth);
                Value64 = (UINT64) Value32;
            }
        }

        /*
         * Use offset style bit writes because "Index * AccessWidth" is
         * ensured to be less than 64-bits by AcpiHwValidateRegister().
         */
        ACPI_SET_BITS (Value, Index * AccessWidth,
            ACPI_MASK_BITS_ABOVE_64 (AccessWidth), Value64);

        BitWidth -= BitWidth > AccessWidth ? AccessWidth : BitWidth;
        Index++;
    }

    ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_IO,
        "Read:  %8.8X%8.8X width %2d from %8.8X%8.8X (%s)\n",
        ACPI_FORMAT_UINT64 (*Value), AccessWidth,
        ACPI_FORMAT_UINT64 (Address), AcpiUtGetRegionName (Reg->SpaceId)));

    return (Status);
}


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwWrite
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Value               - Value to be written
 *              Reg                 - GAS register structure
 *
 * RETURN:      Status
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Write to either memory or IO space. This is a 64-bit max
 *              version of AcpiWrite.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwWrite (
    UINT64                  Value,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *Reg)
{
    UINT64                  Address;
    UINT8                   AccessWidth;
    UINT32                  BitWidth;
    UINT8                   BitOffset;
    UINT64                  Value64;
    UINT8                   Index;
    ACPI_STATUS             Status;


    ACPI_FUNCTION_NAME (HwWrite);


    /* Validate contents of the GAS register */

    Status = AcpiHwValidateRegister (Reg, 64, &Address);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
    {
        return (Status);
    }

    /* Convert AccessWidth into number of bits based */

    AccessWidth = AcpiHwGetAccessBitWidth (Address, Reg, 64);
    BitWidth = Reg->BitOffset + Reg->BitWidth;
    BitOffset = Reg->BitOffset;

    /*
     * Two address spaces supported: Memory or IO. PCI_Config is
     * not supported here because the GAS structure is insufficient
     */
    Index = 0;
    while (BitWidth)
    {
        /*
         * Use offset style bit reads because "Index * AccessWidth" is
         * ensured to be less than 64-bits by AcpiHwValidateRegister().
         */
        Value64 = ACPI_GET_BITS (&Value, Index * AccessWidth,
            ACPI_MASK_BITS_ABOVE_64 (AccessWidth));

        if (BitOffset >= AccessWidth)
        {
            BitOffset -= AccessWidth;
        }
        else
        {
            if (Reg->SpaceId == ACPI_ADR_SPACE_SYSTEM_MEMORY)
            {
                Status = AcpiOsWriteMemory ((ACPI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS)
                    Address + Index * ACPI_DIV_8 (AccessWidth),
                    Value64, AccessWidth);
            }
            else /* ACPI_ADR_SPACE_SYSTEM_IO, validated earlier */
            {
                Status = AcpiHwWritePort ((ACPI_IO_ADDRESS)
                    Address + Index * ACPI_DIV_8 (AccessWidth),
                    (UINT32) Value64, AccessWidth);
            }
        }

        /*
         * Index * AccessWidth is ensured to be less than 32-bits by
         * AcpiHwValidateRegister().
         */
        BitWidth -= BitWidth > AccessWidth ? AccessWidth : BitWidth;
        Index++;
    }

    ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_IO,
        "Wrote: %8.8X%8.8X width %2d   to %8.8X%8.8X (%s)\n",
        ACPI_FORMAT_UINT64 (Value), AccessWidth,
        ACPI_FORMAT_UINT64 (Address), AcpiUtGetRegionName (Reg->SpaceId)));

    return (Status);
}


#if (!ACPI_REDUCED_HARDWARE)
/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwClearAcpiStatus
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  None
 *
 * RETURN:      Status
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Clears all fixed and general purpose status bits
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwClearAcpiStatus (
    void)
{
    ACPI_STATUS             Status;
    ACPI_CPU_FLAGS          LockFlags = 0;


    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE (HwClearAcpiStatus);


    ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_IO, "About to write %04X to %8.8X%8.8X\n",
        ACPI_BITMASK_ALL_FIXED_STATUS,
        ACPI_FORMAT_UINT64 (AcpiGbl_XPm1aStatus.Address)));

    LockFlags = AcpiOsAcquireLock (AcpiGbl_HardwareLock);

    /* Clear the fixed events in PM1 A/B */

    Status = AcpiHwRegisterWrite (ACPI_REGISTER_PM1_STATUS,
        ACPI_BITMASK_ALL_FIXED_STATUS);

    AcpiOsReleaseLock (AcpiGbl_HardwareLock, LockFlags);

    if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
    {
        goto Exit;
    }

    /* Clear the GPE Bits in all GPE registers in all GPE blocks */

    Status = AcpiEvWalkGpeList (AcpiHwClearGpeBlock, NULL);

Exit:
    return_ACPI_STATUS (Status);
}


/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwGetBitRegisterInfo
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  RegisterId          - Index of ACPI Register to access
 *
 * RETURN:      The bitmask to be used when accessing the register
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Map RegisterId into a register bitmask.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_BIT_REGISTER_INFO *
AcpiHwGetBitRegisterInfo (
    UINT32                  RegisterId)
{
    ACPI_FUNCTION_ENTRY ();


    if (RegisterId > ACPI_BITREG_MAX)
    {
        ACPI_ERROR ((AE_INFO, "Invalid BitRegister ID: 0x%X", RegisterId));
        return (NULL);
    }

    return (&AcpiGbl_BitRegisterInfo[RegisterId]);
}


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwWritePm1Control
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Pm1aControl         - Value to be written to PM1A control
 *              Pm1bControl         - Value to be written to PM1B control
 *
 * RETURN:      Status
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Write the PM1 A/B control registers. These registers are
 *              different than than the PM1 A/B status and enable registers
 *              in that different values can be written to the A/B registers.
 *              Most notably, the SLP_TYP bits can be different, as per the
 *              values returned from the _Sx predefined methods.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwWritePm1Control (
    UINT32                  Pm1aControl,
    UINT32                  Pm1bControl)
{
    ACPI_STATUS             Status;


    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE (HwWritePm1Control);


    Status = AcpiHwWrite (Pm1aControl, &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm1aControlBlock);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
    {
        return_ACPI_STATUS (Status);
    }

    if (AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm1bControlBlock.Address)
    {
        Status = AcpiHwWrite (Pm1bControl, &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm1bControlBlock);
    }
    return_ACPI_STATUS (Status);
}


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwRegisterRead
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  RegisterId          - ACPI Register ID
 *              ReturnValue         - Where the register value is returned
 *
 * RETURN:      Status and the value read.
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Read from the specified ACPI register
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwRegisterRead (
    UINT32                  RegisterId,
    UINT32                  *ReturnValue)
{
    UINT32                  Value = 0;
    UINT64                  Value64;
    ACPI_STATUS             Status;


    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE (HwRegisterRead);


    switch (RegisterId)
    {
    case ACPI_REGISTER_PM1_STATUS:           /* PM1 A/B: 16-bit access each */

        Status = AcpiHwReadMultiple (&Value,
            &AcpiGbl_XPm1aStatus,
            &AcpiGbl_XPm1bStatus);
        break;

    case ACPI_REGISTER_PM1_ENABLE:           /* PM1 A/B: 16-bit access each */

        Status = AcpiHwReadMultiple (&Value,
            &AcpiGbl_XPm1aEnable,
            &AcpiGbl_XPm1bEnable);
        break;

    case ACPI_REGISTER_PM1_CONTROL:          /* PM1 A/B: 16-bit access each */

        Status = AcpiHwReadMultiple (&Value,
            &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm1aControlBlock,
            &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm1bControlBlock);

        /*
         * Zero the write-only bits. From the ACPI specification, "Hardware
         * Write-Only Bits": "Upon reads to registers with write-only bits,
         * software masks out all write-only bits."
         */
        Value &= ~ACPI_PM1_CONTROL_WRITEONLY_BITS;
        break;

    case ACPI_REGISTER_PM2_CONTROL:          /* 8-bit access */

        Status = AcpiHwRead (&Value64, &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm2ControlBlock);
        Value = (UINT32) Value64;
        break;

    case ACPI_REGISTER_PM_TIMER:             /* 32-bit access */

        Status = AcpiHwRead (&Value64, &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPmTimerBlock);
        Value = (UINT32) Value64;
        break;

    case ACPI_REGISTER_SMI_COMMAND_BLOCK:    /* 8-bit access */

        Status = AcpiHwReadPort (AcpiGbl_FADT.SmiCommand, &Value, 8);
        break;

    default:

        ACPI_ERROR ((AE_INFO, "Unknown Register ID: 0x%X",
            RegisterId));
        Status = AE_BAD_PARAMETER;
        break;
    }

    if (ACPI_SUCCESS (Status))
    {
        *ReturnValue = (UINT32) Value;
    }

    return_ACPI_STATUS (Status);
}


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwRegisterWrite
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  RegisterId          - ACPI Register ID
 *              Value               - The value to write
 *
 * RETURN:      Status
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Write to the specified ACPI register
 *
 * NOTE: In accordance with the ACPI specification, this function automatically
 * preserves the value of the following bits, meaning that these bits cannot be
 * changed via this interface:
 *
 * PM1_CONTROL[0] = SCI_EN
 * PM1_CONTROL[9]
 * PM1_STATUS[11]
 *
 * ACPI References:
 * 1) Hardware Ignored Bits: When software writes to a register with ignored
 *      bit fields, it preserves the ignored bit fields
 * 2) SCI_EN: OSPM always preserves this bit position
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwRegisterWrite (
    UINT32                  RegisterId,
    UINT32                  Value)
{
    ACPI_STATUS             Status;
    UINT32                  ReadValue;
    UINT64                  ReadValue64;


    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE (HwRegisterWrite);


    switch (RegisterId)
    {
    case ACPI_REGISTER_PM1_STATUS:           /* PM1 A/B: 16-bit access each */
        /*
         * Handle the "ignored" bit in PM1 Status. According to the ACPI
         * specification, ignored bits are to be preserved when writing.
         * Normally, this would mean a read/modify/write sequence. However,
         * preserving a bit in the status register is different. Writing a
         * one clears the status, and writing a zero preserves the status.
         * Therefore, we must always write zero to the ignored bit.
         *
         * This behavior is clarified in the ACPI 4.0 specification.
         */
        Value &= ~ACPI_PM1_STATUS_PRESERVED_BITS;

        Status = AcpiHwWriteMultiple (Value,
            &AcpiGbl_XPm1aStatus,
            &AcpiGbl_XPm1bStatus);
        break;

    case ACPI_REGISTER_PM1_ENABLE:           /* PM1 A/B: 16-bit access each */

        Status = AcpiHwWriteMultiple (Value,
            &AcpiGbl_XPm1aEnable,
            &AcpiGbl_XPm1bEnable);
        break;

    case ACPI_REGISTER_PM1_CONTROL:          /* PM1 A/B: 16-bit access each */
        /*
         * Perform a read first to preserve certain bits (per ACPI spec)
         * Note: This includes SCI_EN, we never want to change this bit
         */
        Status = AcpiHwReadMultiple (&ReadValue,
            &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm1aControlBlock,
            &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm1bControlBlock);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
        {
            goto Exit;
        }

        /* Insert the bits to be preserved */

        ACPI_INSERT_BITS (Value, ACPI_PM1_CONTROL_PRESERVED_BITS, ReadValue);

        /* Now we can write the data */

        Status = AcpiHwWriteMultiple (Value,
            &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm1aControlBlock,
            &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm1bControlBlock);
        break;

    case ACPI_REGISTER_PM2_CONTROL:          /* 8-bit access */
        /*
         * For control registers, all reserved bits must be preserved,
         * as per the ACPI spec.
         */
        Status = AcpiHwRead (&ReadValue64, &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm2ControlBlock);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
        {
            goto Exit;
        }
        ReadValue = (UINT32) ReadValue64;

        /* Insert the bits to be preserved */

        ACPI_INSERT_BITS (Value, ACPI_PM2_CONTROL_PRESERVED_BITS, ReadValue);

        Status = AcpiHwWrite (Value, &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPm2ControlBlock);
        break;

    case ACPI_REGISTER_PM_TIMER:             /* 32-bit access */

        Status = AcpiHwWrite (Value, &AcpiGbl_FADT.XPmTimerBlock);
        break;

    case ACPI_REGISTER_SMI_COMMAND_BLOCK:    /* 8-bit access */

        /* SMI_CMD is currently always in IO space */

        Status = AcpiHwWritePort (AcpiGbl_FADT.SmiCommand, Value, 8);
        break;

    default:

        ACPI_ERROR ((AE_INFO, "Unknown Register ID: 0x%X",
            RegisterId));
        Status = AE_BAD_PARAMETER;
        break;
    }

Exit:
    return_ACPI_STATUS (Status);
}


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwReadMultiple
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Value               - Where the register value is returned
 *              RegisterA           - First ACPI register (required)
 *              RegisterB           - Second ACPI register (optional)
 *
 * RETURN:      Status
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Read from the specified two-part ACPI register (such as PM1 A/B)
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

static ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwReadMultiple (
    UINT32                  *Value,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *RegisterA,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *RegisterB)
{
    UINT32                  ValueA = 0;
    UINT32                  ValueB = 0;
    UINT64                  Value64;
    ACPI_STATUS             Status;


    /* The first register is always required */

    Status = AcpiHwRead (&Value64, RegisterA);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
    {
        return (Status);
    }
    ValueA = (UINT32) Value64;

    /* Second register is optional */

    if (RegisterB->Address)
    {
        Status = AcpiHwRead (&Value64, RegisterB);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
        {
            return (Status);
        }
        ValueB = (UINT32) Value64;
    }

    /*
     * OR the two return values together. No shifting or masking is necessary,
     * because of how the PM1 registers are defined in the ACPI specification:
     *
     * "Although the bits can be split between the two register blocks (each
     * register block has a unique pointer within the FADT), the bit positions
     * are maintained. The register block with unimplemented bits (that is,
     * those implemented in the other register block) always returns zeros,
     * and writes have no side effects"
     */
    *Value = (ValueA | ValueB);
    return (AE_OK);
}


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * FUNCTION:    AcpiHwWriteMultiple
 *
 * PARAMETERS:  Value               - The value to write
 *              RegisterA           - First ACPI register (required)
 *              RegisterB           - Second ACPI register (optional)
 *
 * RETURN:      Status
 *
 * DESCRIPTION: Write to the specified two-part ACPI register (such as PM1 A/B)
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

static ACPI_STATUS
AcpiHwWriteMultiple (
    UINT32                  Value,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *RegisterA,
    ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS    *RegisterB)
{
    ACPI_STATUS             Status;


    /* The first register is always required */

    Status = AcpiHwWrite (Value, RegisterA);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
    {
        return (Status);
    }

    /*
     * Second register is optional
     *
     * No bit shifting or clearing is necessary, because of how the PM1
     * registers are defined in the ACPI specification:
     *
     * "Although the bits can be split between the two register blocks (each
     * register block has a unique pointer within the FADT), the bit positions
     * are maintained. The register block with unimplemented bits (that is,
     * those implemented in the other register block) always returns zeros,
     * and writes have no side effects"
     */
    if (RegisterB->Address)
    {
        Status = AcpiHwWrite (Value, RegisterB);
    }

    return (Status);
}

#endif /* !ACPI_REDUCED_HARDWARE */