path: root/strings/strings.c

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2007 S.Sam Arun Raj
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <libelf.h>
#include <libelftc.h>
#include <gelf.h>

#include "_elftc.h"

ELFTC_VCSID("$Id: strings.c 2351 2011-12-19 11:20:37Z jkoshy $");

enum return_code {
	RETURN_OK,
	RETURN_NOINPUT,
	RETURN_SOFTWARE
};

enum radix_style {
	RADIX_DECIMAL,
	RADIX_HEX,
	RADIX_OCTAL
};

enum encoding_style {
	ENCODING_7BIT,
	ENCODING_8BIT,
	ENCODING_16BIT_BIG,
	ENCODING_16BIT_LITTLE,
	ENCODING_32BIT_BIG,
	ENCODING_32BIT_LITTLE
};

#define PRINTABLE(c)						\
      ((c) >= 0 && (c) <= 255 && 				\
	  ((c) == '\t' || isprint((c)) ||			\
	      (encoding == ENCODING_8BIT && (c) > 127)))


int encoding_size, entire_file, min_len, show_filename, show_loc;
enum encoding_style encoding;
enum radix_style radix;

static struct option strings_longopts[] = {
	{ "all",		no_argument,		NULL,	'a'},
	{ "bytes",		required_argument,	NULL,	'n'},
	{ "encoding",		required_argument,	NULL,	'e'},
	{ "help",		no_argument,		NULL,	'h'},
	{ "print-file-name",	no_argument,		NULL,	'f'},
	{ "radix",		required_argument,	NULL,	't'},
	{ "version",		no_argument,		NULL,	'v'},
	{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
};

long	getcharacter(void);
int	handle_file(const char *);
int	handle_elf(const char *, int);
int	handle_binary(const char *, int);
int	find_strings(const char *, off_t, off_t);
void	show_version(void);
void	usage(void);

/*
 * strings(1) extracts text(contiguous printable characters)
 * from elf and binary files.
 */
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int ch, rc;

	rc = RETURN_OK;
	min_len = 0;
	encoding_size = 1;
	if (elf_version(EV_CURRENT) == EV_NONE)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "ELF library initialization failed: %s",
		    elf_errmsg(-1));

	while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, "1234567890ae:fhn:ot:Vv",
	    strings_longopts, NULL)) != -1)
		switch((char)ch) {
		case 'a':
			entire_file = 1;
			break;
		case 'e':
			if (*optarg == 's') {
				encoding = ENCODING_7BIT;
			} else if (*optarg == 'S') {
				encoding = ENCODING_8BIT;
			} else if (*optarg == 'b') {
				encoding = ENCODING_16BIT_BIG;
				encoding_size = 2;
			} else if (*optarg == 'B') {
				encoding = ENCODING_32BIT_BIG;
				encoding_size = 4;
			} else if (*optarg == 'l') {
				encoding = ENCODING_16BIT_LITTLE;
				encoding_size = 2;
			} else if (*optarg == 'L') {
				encoding = ENCODING_32BIT_LITTLE;
				encoding_size = 4;
			} else
				usage();
			        /* NOTREACHED */
			break;
		case 'f':
			show_filename = 1;
			break;
		case 'n':
			min_len = (int)strtoimax(optarg, (char**)NULL, 10);
			break;
		case 'o':
			show_loc = 1;
			radix = RADIX_OCTAL;
			break;
		case 't':
			show_loc = 1;
			if (*optarg == 'd')
				radix = RADIX_DECIMAL;
			else if (*optarg == 'o')
				radix = RADIX_OCTAL;
			else if (*optarg == 'x')
				radix = RADIX_HEX;
			else
				usage();
			        /* NOTREACHED */
			break;
		case 'v':
		case 'V':
			show_version();
			/* NOTREACHED */
		case '0':
	        case '1':
		case '2':
		case '3':
		case '4':
		case '5':
		case '6':
		case '7':
		case '8':
		case '9':
			min_len *= 10;
			min_len += ch - '0';
			break;
		case 'h':
		case '?':
		default:
			usage();
			/* NOTREACHED */
		}
	argc -= optind;
	argv += optind;

	if (!min_len)
		min_len = 4;
	if (!*argv)
		rc = handle_file("{standard input}");
	else while (*argv) {
		rc = handle_file(*argv);
		argv++;
	}
	return (rc);
}

int
handle_file(const char *name)
{
	int fd, rt;

	if (name == NULL)
		return (RETURN_NOINPUT);
	if (strcmp("{standard input}", name) != 0) {
		if (freopen(name, "rb", stdin) == NULL) {
			warnx("'%s': %s", name, strerror(errno));
			return (RETURN_NOINPUT);
		}
	} else {
		return (find_strings(name, (off_t)0, (off_t)0));
	}

	fd = fileno(stdin);
	if (fd < 0)
		return (RETURN_NOINPUT);
	rt = handle_elf(name, fd);
	return (rt);
}

/*
 * Files not understood by handle_elf, will be passed off here and will
 * treated as a binary file. This would include text file, core dumps ...
 */
int
handle_binary(const char *name, int fd)
{
	struct stat buf;

	memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(struct stat));
	(void) lseek(fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET);
	if (!fstat(fd, &buf))
		return (find_strings(name, (off_t)0, buf.st_size));
	return (RETURN_SOFTWARE);
}

/*
 * Will analyse a file to see if it ELF, other files including ar(1),
 * core dumps are passed off and treated as flat binary files. Unlike
 * GNU size in FreeBSD this routine will not treat ELF object from
 * different archs as flat binary files(has to overridden using -a).
 */
int
handle_elf(const char *name, int fd)
{
	GElf_Ehdr elfhdr;
	GElf_Shdr shdr;
	Elf *elf;
	Elf_Scn *scn;
	int rc;

	rc = RETURN_OK;
	/* If entire file is choosen, treat it as a binary file */
	if (entire_file)
		return (handle_binary(name, fd));

	(void) lseek(fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET);
	elf = elf_begin(fd, ELF_C_READ, NULL);
	if (elf_kind(elf) != ELF_K_ELF) {
		(void) elf_end(elf);
		return (handle_binary(name, fd));
	}

	if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &elfhdr) == NULL) {
		(void) elf_end(elf);
		warnx("%s: ELF file could not be processed", name);
		return (RETURN_SOFTWARE);
	}

	if (elfhdr.e_shnum == 0 && elfhdr.e_type == ET_CORE) {
		(void) elf_end(elf);
		return (handle_binary(name, fd));
	} else {
		scn = NULL;
		while ((scn = elf_nextscn(elf, scn)) != NULL) {
			if (gelf_getshdr(scn, &shdr) == NULL)
				continue;
			if (shdr.sh_type != SHT_NOBITS &&
			    (shdr.sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) != 0) {
				rc = find_strings(name, shdr.sh_offset,
				    shdr.sh_size);
			}
		}
	}
	(void) elf_end(elf);
	return (rc);
}

/*
 * Retrieves a character from input stream based on the encoding
 * type requested.
 */
long
getcharacter(void)
{
	long rt;
	int i;
	char buf[4], c;

	rt = EOF;
	for(i = 0; i < encoding_size; i++) {
		c = getc(stdin);
		if (feof(stdin))
			return (EOF);
		buf[i] = c;
	}

	switch(encoding) {
	case ENCODING_7BIT:
	case ENCODING_8BIT:
		rt = buf[0];
		break;
	case ENCODING_16BIT_BIG:
		rt = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1];
		break;
	case ENCODING_16BIT_LITTLE:
		 rt = buf[0] | (buf[1] << 8);
		 break;
	case ENCODING_32BIT_BIG:
		rt = ((long) buf[0] << 24) | ((long) buf[1] << 16) |
           	    ((long) buf[2] << 8) | buf[3];
           	break;
	case ENCODING_32BIT_LITTLE:
		rt = buf[0] | ((long) buf[1] << 8) | ((long) buf[2] << 16) |
        	    ((long) buf[3] << 24);
           	break;
	}
	return (rt);
}

/*
 * Input stream stdin is read until the end of file is reached or until
 * the section size is reached in case of ELF files. Contiguous
 * characters of >= min_size(default 4) will be displayed.
 */
int
find_strings(const char *name, off_t offset, off_t size)
{
	off_t cur_off, start_off;
	char *obuf;
	long c;
	int i;

	if ((obuf = (char*)calloc(1, min_len + 1)) == NULL) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory: %s\n",
		     strerror(errno));
		return (RETURN_SOFTWARE);
	}

	(void) fseeko(stdin, offset, SEEK_SET);
	cur_off = offset;
	start_off = 0;
	while(1) {
		if ((offset + size) && (cur_off >= offset + size))
			break;
		start_off = cur_off;
		memset(obuf, 0, min_len+1);
		for(i = 0; i < min_len; i++) {
			c = getcharacter();
			if (c == EOF && feof(stdin))
				goto _exit1;
		 	if (PRINTABLE(c)) {
		 		obuf[i] = c;
		 		obuf[i+1] = 0;
		 		cur_off += encoding_size;
		 	} else {
				if (encoding == ENCODING_8BIT &&
				    (uint8_t)c > 127) {
			 		obuf[i] = c;
			 		obuf[i+1] = 0;
			 		cur_off += encoding_size;
			 		continue;
			 	}
	 			cur_off += encoding_size;
	 			break;
		 	}
		}

		if (i >= min_len && ((cur_off <= offset + size) ||
		    !(offset + size))) {
			if (show_filename)
				printf ("%s: ", name);
			if (show_loc) {
				switch(radix) {
				case RADIX_DECIMAL:
					(void) printf("%7ju ",
					    (uintmax_t)start_off);
					break;
				case RADIX_HEX:
					(void) printf("%7jx ",
					    (uintmax_t)start_off);
					break;
				case RADIX_OCTAL:
					(void) printf("%7jo ",
					    (uintmax_t)start_off);
					break;
				}
			}
			printf("%s", obuf);

			while(1) {
				if ((offset + size) &&
				    (cur_off >= offset + size))
					break;
				c = getcharacter();
				cur_off += encoding_size;
				if (encoding == ENCODING_8BIT &&
				    (uint8_t)c > 127) {
			 		putchar(c);
			 		continue;
			 	}
				if (!PRINTABLE(c) || c == EOF)
					break;
				putchar(c);
			}
			putchar('\n');
		}
	}
_exit1:
	free(obuf);
	return (RETURN_OK);
}

#define	USAGE_MESSAGE	"\
Usage: %s [options] [file...]\n\
  Print contiguous sequences of printable characters.\n\n\
  Options:\n\
  -a     | --all               Scan the entire file for strings.\n\
  -e ENC | --encoding=ENC      Select the character encoding to use.\n\
  -f     | --print-file-name   Print the file name before each string.\n\
  -h     | --help              Print a help message and exit.\n\
  -n N   | --bytes=N | -N      Print sequences with 'N' or more characters.\n\
  -o                           Print offsets in octal.\n\
  -t R   | --radix=R           Print offsets using the radix named by 'R'.\n\
  -v     | --version           Print a version identifier and exit.\n"

void
usage(void)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, USAGE_MESSAGE, ELFTC_GETPROGNAME());
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

void
show_version(void)
{
        (void) printf("%s (%s)\n", ELFTC_GETPROGNAME(), elftc_version());
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}