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Ôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ FreeBSD: Ôï Óýóôçìá X Window
The FreeBSD Greek Documentation Project
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<chapter id="x11">
<chapterinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Ken</firstname>
<surname>Tom</surname>
<contrib>Áíáíåþèçêå ãéá ôïí X11 server ôïõ X.Org áðü ôïí </contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Marc</firstname>
<surname>Fonvieille</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</chapterinfo>
<title>Ôï Óýóôçìá X Window</title>
<sect1 id="x11-synopsis">
<title>Óýíïøç</title>
<para>Ôï &os; ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï X11 ãéá íá ðáñÝ÷åé óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò
Ýíá éó÷õñü ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí åñãáóßáò. Ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí X11
åßíáé ìéá õëïðïßçóç áíïéêôïý êþäéêá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò X Window ðïõ
õëïðïéåßôáé óôï <application>&xorg;</application> (êáèþò êáé óå Üëëï
ëïãéóìéêü ðïõ äåí ðåñéãñÜöåôáé åäþ). Ç ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç êáé åðßóçìç
äéáíïìÞ ôïõ X11 åßíáé ôï <application>&xorg;</application>, ï X11
server ðïõ áíáðôý÷èçêå áðü ôï X.Org Foundation ìå Üäåéá ÷ñÞóçò áñêåôÜ
üìïéá ìå áõôÞ ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï &os;. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí åðßóçò
äéáèÝóéìïé åìðïñéêïß X servers ãéá ôï &os;.</para>
<para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôéò êÜñôåò ãñáöéêþí
ðïõ õðïóôçñßæïíôáé áðü ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí X11, äåßôå ôçí äéêôõáêÞ
ôïðïèåóßá <ulink url="http://www.x.org/">&xorg;</ulink>.</para>
<para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ôá äéÜöïñá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò X Window, êáé ðùò
óõíåñãÜæïíôáé ìåôáîý ôïõò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí X11.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé íá ñõèìßóåôå äéáöïñåôéêïýò
äéá÷åéñéóôÝò ðáñáèýñùí (window managers).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå &truetype; ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò óôï X11.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò ãéá óýíäåóç (login) ìÝóù
ãñáöéêïý ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò (<application>XDM</application>).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ðñéí äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá ðñÝðåé:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Íá îÝñåôå ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ðñüóèåôï ëïãéóìéêü ôñßôïõ
êáôáóêåõáóôÞ (<xref linkend="ports"/>).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="x-understanding">
<title>Êáôáíüçóç ôïõ ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò X11</title>
<para>Ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò X11 ãéá ðñþôç öïñÜ ìðïñåß íá ðñïêáëÝóåé
ìéá ìéêñÞ ôáñá÷Þ óå üðïéïí Ý÷åé óõíçèßóåé óå Üëëá ãñáöéêÜ ðåñéâÜëëïíôá,
üðùò ôá µsoft.windows; Þ ôï &macos;.</para>
<para>ÃåíéêÜ, äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï íá êáôáëáâáßíåôå ìå êÜèå ëåðôïìÝñåéá
ôùí äéáöüñùí ôìçìÜôùí ôïõ X11 êáé ðþò áëëçëåðéäñïýí ìåôáîý ôïõò.
ÊÜðïéåò âáóéêÝò ãíþóåéò üìùò, åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìåò êáé âïçèïýí óôï íá
åêìåôáëëåõôåßôå êáëýôåñá ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ X11.</para>
<sect2>
<title>Ãéáôß ëÝãåôáé X11 ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí åñãáóßáò;</title>
<para>Ôï X äåí åßíáé ôï ðñþôï ðåñéâÜëëïí åñãáóßáò ðïõ ãñÜöôçêå ãéá
óõóôÞìáôá &unix;, áëëÜ åßíáé óÞìåñá ôï ðéï äçìïöéëÝò. Ç áñ÷éêÞ ïìÜäá
áíÜðôõîçò ôïõ X åß÷å äïõëÝøåé óå Ýíá Üëëï óýóôçìá ðñéí ãñÜøåé ôï X.
Ôï üíïìá ôïõ ðáëéüôåñïõ óõóôÞìáôïò Þôáí <quote>W</quote> (áðü ôçí
ÁããëéêÞ ëÝîç <quote>window</quote>). Ôï ãñÜììá X Þôáí áðëÜ ôï åðüìåíï
ãñÜììá óôï Ëáôéíéêü áëöÜâçôï.</para>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá áíáöÝñåóèå óôï X ìå ôá
ïíüìáôá <quote>X</quote>, <quote>X Window
System</quote>, <quote>X11</quote>, êáèþò êáé ìå ìåñéêïýò Üëëïõò
üñïõò. Ðñïóï÷Þ üìùò: êÜðïéïé Üíèñùðïé èåùñïýí ðñïóâëçôéêü ôïí
üñï <quote>X Windows</quote>. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå
áõôü, äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual &man.X.7;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Ôï ÌïíôÝëï ÐåëÜôç/ÄéáêïìéóôÞ ôùí X11</title>
<para>Ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí X11 Ý÷åé ó÷åäéáóôåß áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ Ýôóé þóôå íá Ý÷åé
åããåíÞ äéêôõáêÞ õðïóôÞñéîç, ìå âÜóç Ýíá
ìïíôÝëï <quote>ðåëÜôç-äéáêïìéóôÞ</quote>.</para>
<para>Óôï ìïíôÝëï ëåéôïõñãßáò ôïõ X11, ï <quote>äéáêïìéóôÞò X</quote>
åêôåëåßôáé óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óôïí ïðïßï Ý÷åé óõíäåèåß ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï, ç
ïèüíç êáé ôï ðïíôßêé. Ï äéáêïìéóôÞò X åßíáé õðåýèõíïò ãéá ôç
äéá÷åßñéóç ôçò ïèüíçò, ôçò åéóüäïõ áðü ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï, ôï ðïíôßêé,
êáé Üëëåò óõóêåõÝò åéóüäïõ Þ åîüäïõ (ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ìéá
<quote>ôáìðëÝôá</quote> ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ùò óõóêåõÞ åéóüäïõ
êáé Ýíáò video-ðñïâïëÝáò ùò åíáëëáêôéêÞ óõóêåõÞ åîüäïõ).
ÊÜèå åöáñìïãÞ X (ð.÷. ôï <application>XTerm</application> Þ ôï
<application>&netscape;</application>) åßíáé Ýíáò
<quote>ðåëÜôçò</quote>. ¸íáò ðåëÜôçò óôÝëíåé ìçíýìáôá óôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ
üðùò <quote>Ðáñáêáëþ ó÷åäßáóå Ýíá ðáñÜèõñï óå áõôÝò ôéò
óõíôåôáãìÝíåò</quote>, êáé ï äéáêïìéóôÞò óôÝëíåé ðßóù ìçíýìáôá üðùò
<quote>Ï ÷ñÞóôçò ìüëéò ðÜôçóå ôï ðëÞêôñï OK</quote>.</para>
<para>Óå Ýíá óðßôé Þ Ýíá ìéêñü ãñáöåßï, ï äéáêïìéóôÞò êáé ïé ðåëÜôåò
X óõ÷íÜ åêôåëïýíôáé óôïí ßäéï õðïëïãéóôÞ. ¼ìùò, åßíáé áðüëõôá åöéêôü
íá åêôåëåßôáé ï äéáêïìéóôÞò X óå Ýíáí ëéãüôåñï éó÷õñü åðéôñáðÝæéï
õðïëïãéóôÞ, êáé íá åêôåëïýíôáé ïé åöáñìïãÝò X (ïé ðåëÜôåò) óå Ýíá, áò
ðïýìå, éó÷õñü êáé áêñéâü ìç÷Üíçìá ðïõ åîõðçñåôåß ôï ãñáöåßï. Óå áõôü
ôï óåíÜñéï ç åðéêïéíùíßá ìåôáîý ôùí ðåëáôþí X êáé ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ
ãßíåôáé ìÝóù äéêôýïõ.</para>
<para>Áõôü ðñïêáëåß óýã÷õóç óå ïñéóìÝíïõò, åðåéäÞ ç ïñïëïãßá ôïõ X åßíáé
áêñéâþò áíôßèåôç áðü üôé ðåñßìåíáí. Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò óõíÞèùò ðåñéìÝíïõí ï
<quote>äéáêïìéóôÞò X</quote> íá åßíáé Ýíá ìåãÜëï éó÷õñü ìç÷Üíçìá óå
Ýíá äùìÜôéï êáé ï <quote>ðåëÜôçò X</quote> íá åßíáé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ôïõ
ãñáöåßïõ ôïõò.</para>
<para>Åßíáé óçìáíôéêü íá èõìÜóôå üôé ï äéáêïìéóôÞò X åßíáé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá
ìå ôçí ïèüíç êáé ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï, êáé ïé ðåëÜôåò X åßíáé ôá
ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ åìöáíßæïõí ôá ðáñÜèõñá.</para>
<para>Äåí õðÜñ÷åé ôßðïôá óôï ðñùôüêïëëï ðïõ íá áíáãêÜæåé ôá ìç÷áíÞìáôá
ôùí ðåëáôþí êáé ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ íá åêôåëïýíôáé óôï ßäéï ëåéôïõñãéêü
óýóôçìá, Þ áêüìç íá åêôåëïýíôáé óôïí ßäéï ôýðï õðïëïãéóôÞ. Åßíáé
áðüëõôá åöéêôü íá åêôåëåßôáé Ýíáò äéáêïìéóôÞò X óôá
µsoft.windows; Þ óôï &macos; ôçò Apple, êáé õðÜñ÷ïõí äéáèÝóéìåò
äéÜöïñåò åëåýèåñåò êáé åìðïñéêÝò åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ êÜíïõí áêñéâþò
áõôü.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Ï Äéá÷åéñéóôÞò Ðáñáèýñùí</title>
<para>Ç öéëïóïößá ó÷åäéáóìïý ôïõ X ìïéÜæåé ðïëý ìå ôçí öéëïóïößá
ó÷åäéáóìïý ôïõ &unix;, <quote>åñãáëåßá, ü÷é ðïëéôéêÞ</quote>. Áõôü
óçìáßíåé üôé ôï X äåí ðñïóðáèåß íá õðáãïñåýóåé ðùò èá õëïðïéçèåß ìéá
åñãáóßá. Áíôßèåôá, ðáñÝ÷ïíôáé åñãáëåßá óôïí ÷ñÞóôç, êáé åßíáé äéêÞ
ôïõ åõèýíç íá áðïöáóßóåé ðùò èá ôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé.</para>
<para>ÁõôÞ ç öéëïóïößá åðåêôåßíåôáé óôï üôé ôï X äåí õðáãïñåýåé ðùò
ðñÝðåé íá åìöáíßæïíôáé ôá ðáñÜèõñá óôçí ïèüíç, ðùò èá ìåôáêéíçèïýí ìå
ôï ðïíôßêé, ôé óõíäõáóìïß ðëÞêôñùí ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí ãéá íá
ìåôáêéíçèïýìå ìåôáîý ôùí ðáñáèýñùí (ð.÷.,
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Alt</keycap>
<keycap>Tab</keycap>
</keycombo>, óôçí ðåñßðôùóç ôùí µsoft.windows;), ðþò ðñÝðåé íá
ìïéÜæïõí ïé ìðÜñåò ôßôëùí óå êÜèå ðáñÜèõñï, áí èá Ý÷ïõí Þ ü÷é ðëÞêôñá
êëåéóßìáôïò ðÜíù ôïõò, ê.o.ê.</para>
<para>Áíôßèåôá, ôï X áíáèÝôåé áõôÞí ôçí åõèýíç óå ìßá åöáñìïãÞ ðïõ
ïíïìÜæåôáé <quote>Äéá÷åéñéóôÞò Ðáñáèýñùí</quote>. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðÜñá
ðïëëïß äéá÷åéñéóôÝò ðáñáèýñùí äéáèÝóéìïé ãéá ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí X.
ÏñéóìÝíïé áðü áõôïýò åßíáé ïé:
<application>AfterStep</application>,
<application>Blackbox</application>, <application>ctwm</application>,
<application>Enlightenment</application>,
<application>fvwm</application>, <application>Sawfish</application>,
<application>twm</application>,
<application>Window Maker</application>, êáé ðïëëïß Üëëïé. ÊÜèå Ýíáò
áðü áõôïýò ôïõò äéá÷åéñéóôÝò ðáñáèýñùí Ý÷åé äéáöïñåôéêÞ áßóèçóç êáé
åìöÜíéóç. Ìåñéêïß áðü áõôïýò õðïóôçñßæïõí
<quote>åéêïíéêÝò åðéöÜíåéåò åñãáóßáò</quote>, ìåñéêïß åðéôñÝðïõí
ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïõò óõíäõáóìïýò ðëÞêôñùí ãéá ôçí äéá÷åßñéóç ôçò
åðéöÜíåéáò åñãáóßáò, ìåñéêïß Ý÷ïõí Ýíá ðëÞêôñï <quote>Start</quote> Þ
êÜôé ðáñüìïéï, ìåñéêïß õðïóôçñßæïõí <quote>èÝìáôá</quote> (themes),
åðéôñÝðïíôáò ôçí ïëïêëçñùôéêÞ áëëáãÞ åìöÜíéóçò ìå ôçí åöáñìïãÞ åíüò
íÝïõ èÝìáôïò. Ïé äéá÷åéñéóôÝò ðáñáèýñùí ðïõ Ý÷ïõìå áíáöÝñåé ùò ôþñá,
êáé ðïëëïß Üëëïé, åßíáé äéáèÝóéìïé óôçí êáôçãïñßá
<filename>x11-wm</filename> ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports.</para>
<para>ÅðéðëÝïí, ôá äýï ðéï äçìïöéëÞ ïëïêëçñùìÝíá ðåñéâÜëëïíôá åñãáóßáò,
ôï <application>KDE</application> êáé
ôï <application>GNOME</application>, Ý÷ïõí ôïí äéêü ôïõò äéá÷åéñéóôÞ
ðáñáèýñùí ðïõ åßíáé åíóùìáôùìÝíïò ìå ôï õðüëïéðï ðåñéâÜëëïí
åñãáóßáò.</para>
<para>ÊÜèå äéá÷åéñéóôÞò ðáñáèýñùí Ý÷åé åðßóçò êáé äéáöïñåôéêü ìç÷áíéóìü
ñýèìéóçò: ìåñéêïß ñõèìßæïíôáé óõìðëçñþíïíôáò ìå ÷åéñïêßíçôï ôñüðï Ýíá
áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí, Üëëïé äéáèÝôïõí ãñáöéêÜ åñãáëåßá ãéá ôéò
ðåñéóóüôåñåò ñõèìßóåéò. ÕðÜñ÷åé áêüìá êé Ýíáò
(<application>Sawfish</application>) ðïõ Ý÷åé áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí
ãñáììÝíï óå ìéá äéÜëåêôï ôçò ãëþóóáò Lisp.</para>
<note>
<title>ÐïëéôéêÞ Åóôßáóçò</title>
<para>¶ëëï Ýíá èÝìá ãéá ôï ïðïßï åßíáé õðåýèõíïò ï äéá÷åéñéóôÞò
ðáñáèýñùí åßíáé ç <quote>ðïëéôéêÞ åóôßáóçò</quote> ôïõ ðïíôéêéïý.
ÊÜèå óýóôçìá ðáñáèýñùí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé êÜðïéï ôñüðï åðéëïãÞò ôïõ
ðáñáèýñïõ ðïõ èá äÝ÷åôáé áõôÜ ðïõ ðëçêôñïëïãïýíôáé, êáé èá ðñÝðåé
íá öáßíåôáé êÜðùò üôé áõôü ôï ðáñÜèõñï åßíáé åíåñãü.</para>
<para>Ìßá ãíùóôÞ ðïëéôéêÞ åóôßáóçò ëÝãåôáé
<quote>click-to-focus</quote>. Áõôü ôï ìïíôÝëï ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óôá
µsoft.windows;, üðïõ Ýíá ðáñÜèõñï ãßíåôáé åíåñãü áí äå÷ôåß Ýíá
ðÜôçìá ôïõ ðïíôéêéïý.</para>
<para>Ôï X äåí õðïóôçñßæåé êáìßá óõãêåêñéìÝíç ðïëéôéêÞ åóôßáóçò.
Áíôßèåôá, ï äéá÷åéñéóôÞò ðáñáèýñùí åëÝã÷åé ðïßï ðáñÜèõñï Ý÷åé
åóôéáóôåß êÜèå óôéãìÞ. Äéáöïñåôéêïß äéá÷åéñéóôÝò ðáñáèýñùí
õðïóôçñßæïõí äéáöïñåôéêÝò ìåèüäïõò åóôßáóçò. ¼ëïé ôïõò
õðïóôçñßæïõí ôçí ìÝèïäï click to focus, êáé ïé ðåñéóóüôåñïé áðü
áõôïýò õðïóôçñßæïõí êáé áñêåôÝò Üëëåò.</para>
<para>Ïé ðéï äçìïöéëåßò ìÝèïäïé åóôßáóçò åßíáé:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>focus-follows-mouse</term>
<listitem>
<para>Ôï ðáñÜèõñï ðïõ âñßóêåôáé êÜôù áðü ôïí äåßêôç ôïõ
ðïíôéêéïý åßíáé ôï ðáñÜèõñï ðïõ Ý÷åé ôçí åóôßáóç.
Ôï åíåñãü ðáñÜèõñï äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï íá åßíáé áõôü ðïõ
âñßóêåôáé ðÜíù áðü üëá ôá Üëëá. Ç åóôßáóç áëëÜæåé ìå ôçí
óôü÷åõóç åíüò Üëëïõ ðáñáèýñïõ, ÷ùñßò íá åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï ôï
êëéê ðÜíù ôïõ.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>sloppy-focus</term>
<listitem>
<para>ÁõôÞ ç ðïëéôéêÞ åßíáé ìéá ìéêñÞ åðÝêôáóç ôïõ
focus-follows-mouse. Ìå ôçí ðïëéôéêÞ åóôßáóçò
focus-follows-mouse, áí ôï ðïíôßêé âñåèåß ðÜíù áðü ôï áñ÷éêü
(root) ðáñÜèõñï (Þ ôï ðáñáóêÞíéï) äåí õðÜñ÷åé åóôßáóç óå
êáíÝíá ðáñÜèõñï, êáé üôé ðëçêôñïëïãåßôáé áðëþò ÷Üíåôáé. Ìå ôç
sloppy-focus, ç åóôßáóç áëëÜæåé ìüíï áí ï äåßêôçò âñåèåß ðÜíù
áðü Ýíá íÝï ðáñÜèõñï, êáé ü÷é üôáí öåýãåé áðü ôï ôñÝ÷ïí
ðáñÜèõñï.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>click-to-focus</term>
<listitem>
<para>Ôï åíåñãü ðáñÜèõñï åðéëÝãåôáé ìå êëéê ôïõ ðïíôéêéïý. Ôï
ðáñÜèõñï ôüôå <quote>áíáóçêþíåôáé</quote>, êáé åìöáíßæåôáé
ìðñïóôÜ áðü üëá ôá Üëëá ðáñÜèõñá. ¼ôé ðëçêôñïëïãçèåß èá
ïäçãçèåß óå áõôü ôï ðáñÜèõñï, áêüìá êáé áí ï äåßêôçò
ìåôáêéíçèåß óå Üëëï ðáñÜèõñï.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>Ðïëëïß äéá÷åéñéóôÝò ðáñáèýñùí õðïóôçñßæïõí áêüìá ðéï åîùôéêÝò
ðïëéôéêÝò åóôßáóçò, êáèþò êáé ðáñáëëáãÝò ôùí ðáñáðÜíù.
Óõìâïõëåõèåßôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ åêÜóôïôå äéá÷åéñéóôÞ ðáñáèýñùí ãéá
ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÃñáöéêÜ Óôïé÷åßá ÄéåðáöÞò (Widgets)</title>
<para>Ç ðñïóÝããéóç ôïõ X íá äéáèÝôåé åñãáëåßá êáé ü÷é íá õðáãïñåýåé ôïí
ôñüðï ÷ñÞóçò ôïõò, äéåõñýíåôáé êáé óôá ãñáöéêÜ óôïé÷åßá äéåðáöÞò
(widgets) ðïõ öáßíïíôáé óôçí ïèüíç óå êÜèå åöáñìïãÞ.</para>
<para>Ôá <quote>widgets</quote> åßíáé Ýíáò üñïò ãéá
üëá ôá áíôéêåßìåíá óôï ðåñéâÜëëïí ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç ðïõ ìðïñåß êÜðïéïò íá
êÜíåé êëéê Þ íá ôá ÷åéñéóôåß ìå êÜðïéïí ôñüðï: ðëÞêôñá, ðëáßóéá
åðéëïãÞò, ðëÞêôñá åíáëëáãÞò, åéêïíßäéá, ëßóôåò, êáé Üëëá. Ôá
µsoft.windows; ôá ïíïìÜæïõí
<quote>controls (÷åéñéóôÞñéá)</quote>.</para>
<para>Ôá µsoft.windows; êáé ôï &macos; ôçò Apple Ý÷ïõí êáé ôá äýï
ðïëý áõóôçñÞ ðïëéôéêÞ ãñáöéêþí óôïé÷åßùí äéåðáöÞò. Ïé ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò
åöáñìïãþí ðñÝðåé õðïôßèåôáé íá åîáóöáëßóïõí üôé ïé åöáñìïãÝò ôïõò
èá Ý÷ïõí êïéíÞ áßóèçóç êáé åìöÜíéóç (look and feel). Óôï X, äåí
èåùñÞèçêå áðáñáßôçôï íá ãßíåé åðéâïëÞ åíüò óõãêåêñéìÝíïõ óôõë
ãñáöéêþí, Þ íá ôåèïýí êÜðïéá õðï÷ñåùôéêÜ ãñáöéêÜ óôïé÷åßá
äéåðáöÞò.</para>
<para>Óáí áðïôÝëåóìá, ìçí ðåñéìÝíåôå ôéò åöáñìïãÝò ãéá X íá Ý÷ïõí êïéíÞ
åìöÜíéóç. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äéÜöïñåò äçìïöéëåßò óõëëïãÝò ãñáöéêþí óôïé÷åßùí
äéåðáöÞò êáé ðáñáëëáãÝò ôïõò, óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíçò êáé ôçò áõèåíôéêÞò
Athena óõëëïãÞò ãñáöéêþí óôïé÷åßùí äéåðáöÞò ôïõ MIT,
<application>&motif;</application> (ðáñáëëáãÞ ôçò ïðïßáò åßíáé êáé ç
óõëëïãÞ ãñáöéêþí óôïé÷åßùí äéåðáöÞò ôùí µsoft.windows;, ìå ëïîÝò
ãùíßåò êáé ôñåéò äéáâáèìßóåéò ôïõ ãêñé), ôï
<application>OpenLook</application>, êáé Üëëá.</para>
<para>Ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò íÝåò X åöáñìïãÝò óÞìåñá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ìéá óõëëïãÞ
ãñáöéêþí óôïé÷åßùí äéåðáöÞò ìå ìïíôÝñíá åìöÜíéóç, åßôå ôï Qt, ðïõ
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï <application>KDE</application>, åßôå ôï GTK+,
ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï <application>GNOME</application>.
Áðü áõôÞ ôçí Üðïøç, õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéá óýãêëéóç óôçí åìöÜíéóç ôïõ &unix;
desktop, ôï ïðïßï ïðùóäÞðïôå êÜíåé ôá ðñÜãìáôá åõêïëüôåñá ãéá ôïí
íÝï ÷ñÞóôç.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="x-install">
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ X11</title>
<para>Ôï <application>&xorg;</application> åßíáé ç ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç õëïðïßçóç
X11 ãéá ôï &os;. Ôï <application>&xorg;</application> åßíáé
ï äéáêïìéóôÞò × ôçò õëïðïßçóçò X Window System ôïõ X.Org Foundation,
êáé åßíáé áíïéêôïý êþäéêá. Ï <application>&xorg;</application> åßíáé
âáóéóìÝíïò óôïí êþäéêá ôïõ
<application>&xfree86 4.4RC2</application> êáé ôïõ X11R6.6.
Ç Ýêäïóç ôïõ <application>&xorg;</application> ðïõ äéáôßèåôáé
áðü ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports ôïõ &os; åßíáé ç &xorg.version;.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï
<application>&xorg;</application> áðü ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>Ãéá íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ïëüêëçñï ôï
<application>&xorg;</application> óéãïõñåõèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå ôï ëéãüôåñï
4 GB åëåýèåñï ÷þñï äéáèÝóéìï.</para>
</note>
<para>ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, ôï X11 ìðïñåß íá åãêáôáóôáèåß Üìåóá áðü ðáêÝôá.
ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äéáèÝóéìá Ýôïéìá ðáêÝôá ôïõ ×11 ãéá ÷ñÞóç ìå ôï åñãáëåßï
&man.pkg.add.1;. Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç äõíáôüôçôá ôïõ &man.pkg.add.1;
ãéá ëÞøç ìÝóù äéêôýïõ, äåí èá ðñÝðåé óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí íá äþóåôå ôïí
áñéèìü Ýêäïóçò (version number) ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ. Ôï &man.pkg.add.1; èá
<quote>êáôåâÜóåé</quote> áõôüìáôá ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ôçò
åöáñìïãÞò.</para>
<para>¸ôóé, ãéá íá ãßíåé ç ëÞøç êáé ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
<application>&xorg;</application>, áðëþò åêôåëÝóôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r xorg</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>Ôá ðáñáðÜíù ðáñáäåßãìáôá èá åãêáôáóôÞóïõí ïëüêëçñç ôçí äéáíïìÞ
X11 ðïõ ðåñéëáìâÜíåé äéáêïìéóôÝò, ðåëÜôåò, ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò êëð.
Äéáôßèåíôáé åðßóçò îå÷ùñéóôÜ, ôìçìáôéêÜ ðáêÝôá êáé ports ãéá ôï
X11.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôçí åëÜ÷éóôç äõíáôÞ äéáíïìÞ X11, ìðïñåßôå
åíáëëáêôéêÜ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï port <filename
role="package">x11/xorg-minimal</filename>.</para>
</note>
<para>Ôï õðüëïéðï ôïõ êåöáëáßïõ èá óáò åîçãÞóåé ðùò ñõèìßæåôáé ôï
X11, êáé ðùò íá óôÞóåôå Ýíá ðáñáãùãéêü desktop ðåñéâÜëëïí.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="x-config">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Christopher</firstname>
<surname>Shumway</surname>
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
<!-- July 2001 -->
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ X11</title>
<indexterm><primary>&xorg;</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>X11</primary></indexterm>
<sect2>
<title>Ðñéí îåêéíÞóåôå</title>
<para>Óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ôï ×11 ñõèìßæåôáé áõôüìáôá.
Áí ôï óýóôçìá óáò åßíáé ðáëéü Þ äéáèÝôåé åîåæçôçìÝíá åîáñôÞìáôá,
èá åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìï íá ìáæÝøåôå êÜðïéåò åðéðëÝïí ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ
ìå ôï õëéêü óáò ðñéí îåêéíÞóåôå ôç ñýèìéóç.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Óõ÷íüôçôåò ëåéôïõñãßáò ôçò ïèüíçò óáò</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Chipset ôçò êÜñôáò ãñáöéêþí</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ÌíÞìç ôçò êÜñôáò ãñáöéêþí</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<indexterm>
<primary>ïñéæüíôéïò ñõèìüò áíáíÝùóçò</primary>
<see>ïñéæüíôéá óõ÷íüôçôá óõã÷ñïíéóìïý</see>
</indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>ñõèìüò áíáíåþóçò</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>êáôáêüñõöïò ñõèìüò áíáíÝùóçò</primary>
<see>ñõèìüò áíáíÝùóçò</see>
</indexterm>
<para>Ç áíÜëõóç ôçò ïèüíçò êáé ï ñõèìüò áíáíÝùóçò ðñïóäéïñßæïíôáé
áðü ôéò ïñéæüíôéåò êáé êáôáêüñõöåò óõ÷íüôçôåò óõã÷ñïíéóìïý ôçò
ïèüíçò. Ó÷åäüí üëåò ïé ïèüíåò õðïóôçñßæïõí áõôüìáôç áíß÷íåõóç
áõôþí ôùí ôéìþí. ÊÜðïéá ìïíôÝëá äåí ðáñÝ÷ïõí áõôÝò ôéò ôéìÝò
ôéò ïðïßåò èá ðñÝðåé íá âñåßôå óôï åã÷åéñßäéï ôçò ïèüíçò Þ óôçí
éóôïóåëßäá ôïõ êáôáóêåõáóôÞ.</para>
<para>Ôï chipset (ïëïêëçñùìÝíï êýêëùìá) ôçò êÜñôáò ãñáöéêþí áíé÷íåýåôáé
åðßóçò áõôüìáôá êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá åðéëåãåß ôï êáôÜëëçëï
ðñüãñáììá ïäÞãçóçò. Åßíáé ùóôüóï ÷ñÞóéìï íá ãíùñßæåôå ôï ìïíôÝëï
ãéá ôçí ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ ç áõôüìáôç áíß÷íåõóç äåí åßíáé åðéôõ÷Þò.</para>
<para>Ç ìíÞìç ôçò êÜñôáò ãñáöéêþí êáèïñßæåé ôçí áíÜëõóç êáé ôï âÜèïò
÷ñþìáôïò óôï ïðïßï ìðïñåß íá äïõëÝøåé ôï óýóôçìá.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ X11</title>
<para>Ôï <application>&xorg;</application>
÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï <acronym>HAL</acronym> ãéá ôçí
áõôüìáôç áíß÷íåõóç ôïõ ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ êáé ôïõ ðïíôéêéïý. Ôá ports
<filename role="package">sysutils/hal</filename> êáé
<filename role="package">devel/dbus</filename> åãêáèßóôáíôáé ùò
åîáñôÞóåéò ôïõ <filename role="package">x11/xorg</filename>, áëëÜ
èá ðñÝðåé íá åíåñãïðïéçèïýí ìå ôéò áêüëïõèåò åããñáöÝò óôï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>hald_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôéò õðçñåóßåò áõôÝò (åßôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá,
åßôå êÜíïíôáò åðáíåêêßíçóç) ðñéí óõíå÷ßóåôå ìå ôç ñýèìéóç Þ ôçí
÷ñÞóç ôïõ <application>&xorg;</application>.</para>
<para>Ôï <application>&xorg;</application>
ìðïñåß óõ÷íÜ íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé ÷ùñßò êáìéÜ åðéðëÝïí ñýèìéóç, ãñÜöïíôáò
áðëþò óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>startx</userinput></screen>
<para>Óå êÜðïéåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ç áõôüìáôç ñýèìéóç ìðïñåß íá ìç
ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óùóôÜ, Þ íá ìç ñõèìßóåé ôéò óõóêåõÝò áêñéâþò üðùò
åðéèõìåßôå. Óôéò ðåñéðôþóåéò áõôÝò, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êÜíåôå
÷åéñïêßíçôåò ñõèìßóåéò.</para>
<note>
<para>ÊÜðïéá ãñáöéêÜ ðåñéâÜëëïíôá, üðùò ôï
<application>GNOME</application> ôï
<application>KDE</application> Þ ôï <application>XFCE</application>,
äéáèÝôïõí åñãáëåßá ðïõ åðéôñÝðïõí óôï ÷ñÞóôç íá ñõèìßóåé ìå åýêïëï
ôñüðï äéÜöïñåò ðáñáìÝôñïõò ôçò ïèüíçò, üðùò ç áíÜëõóç. Áí ç
ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ñýèìéóç äåí åßíáé áðïäåêôÞ, êáé óêïðåýåôå íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êÜðïéï áðü áõôÜ ôá ðåñéâÜëëïíôá, ìðïñåßôå íá
óõíå÷ßóåôå ìå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ, êáé íá ïëïêëçñþóåôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò
óáò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï êáôÜëëçëï ãñáöéêü åñãáëåßï.</para>
</note>
<para>Ôï ðñþôï âÞìá åßíáé ç äçìéïõñãßá åíüò áñ÷éêïý áñ÷åßïõ ñõèìßóåùí.
Ùò root, áðëþò åêôåëÝóôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>Xorg -configure</userinput></screen>
<para>Áõôü èá äçìéïõñãÞóåé Ýíá ðñüôõðï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ X11 óôïí
êáôÜëïãï <filename>/root</filename> ìå ôï üíïìá
<filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> (åßôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
&man.su.1; åßôå óõíäåèåßôå áðåõèåßáò, ç ìåôáâëçôÞ êáôáëüãïõ
<envar>$HOME</envar> áëëÜæåé äåß÷íïíôáò ôïí êáôÜëïãï ôïõ root). Ôï
X11 èá ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá áíé÷íåýóåé ôï õðïóýóôçìá ãñáöéêþí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò
êáé íá äçìéïõñãÞóåé Ýíá áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ðïõ èá öïñôþíåé ôïõò óùóôïýò
ïäçãïýò óõóêåõþí ãéá ôï õëéêü ðïõ áíé÷íåýèçêå óôï óýóôçìá óáò.</para>
<para>Ôï åðüìåíï âÞìá åßíáé ï Ýëåã÷ïò ôùí õðÜñ÷ïíôùí ñõèìßóåùí
ãéá íá åðéâåâáéþóåôå üôé ôï <application>&xorg;</application>
ëåéôïõñãåß ìå ôï õðïóýóôçìá ãñáöéêþí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò.
ÐëçêôñïëïãÞóôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>Xorg -config xorg.conf.new -retro</userinput></screen>
<para>ÅÜí åìöáíéóôåß Ýíá ìáýñï êáé ãêñé ðëÝãìá êáé Ýíáò äåßêôçò
ðïíôéêéïý ìå ìïñöÞ X, ç ñýèìéóç Þôáí åðéôõ÷Þò. Ãéá íá ôåñìáôßóåôå
ôç äïêéìÞ, ìåôáâåßôå óôçí åéêïíéêÞ êïíóüëá áðü ôçí ïðïßá ôçí
îåêéíÞóáôå, ðéÝæïíôáò
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Alt</keycap>
<keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap>
</keycombo> (<keycap>F1</keycap> ãéá ôçí ðñþôç åéêïíéêÞ êïíóüëá) êáé
ðéÝóôå
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>C</keycap>
</keycombo>.</para>
<note>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôïí óõíäõáóìü ðëÞêôñùí
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Alt</keycap>
<keycap>Backspace</keycap>
</keycombo> ãéá ôïí ôåñìáôéóìü ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò. Ãéá íá ôïí
åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå, äþóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ óå êÜðïéï ôåñìáôéêü
ôïõ X:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>setxkbmap -option terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp</userinput></screen>
<para>ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ
ãéá ôï <application>hald</application> ìå ôçí ïíïìáóßá
<filename>x11-input.fdi</filename> êáé áðïèçêåýóôå ôï óôïí
êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/usr/local/etc/hal/fdi/policy</filename>.
Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü èá ðñÝðåé íá ðåñéÝ÷åé ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÝò:</para>
<programlisting><?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<deviceinfo version="0.2">
<device>
<match key="info.capabilities" contains="input.keyboard">
<merge key="input.x11_options.XkbOptions" type="string">terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp</merge>
</match>
</device>
</deviceinfo></programlisting>
<para>Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò ãéá íá
åîáíáãêÜóåôå ôï <application>hald</application> íá äéáâÜóåé áõôü
ôï áñ÷åßï.</para>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>xorg.conf.new</filename>, óôçí åíüôçôá
<literal>ServerLayout</literal> Þ
<literal>ServerFlags</literal>:</para>
<programlisting>Option "DontZap" "off"</programlisting>
</note>
<para>Áí ôï ðïíôßêé äåí ëåéôïõñãåß, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ôï ñõèìßóåôå
ðñéí óõíå÷ßóåôå. Äåßôå ôï <xref linkend="mouse"/> óôï êåöÜëáéï
åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ &os;. Åðéðñüóèåôá, óôéò ðñüóöáôåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ
<application>&xorg;</application>,
ïé åíüôçôåò <literal>InputDevice</literal> óôï
<filename>xorg.conf</filename> áãíïïýíôáé êáèþò ãßíåôáé ÷ñÞóç ôùí
óõóêåõþí ðïõ áíé÷íåýèçêáí áõôüìáôá. Ãéá íá åðáíáöÝñåôå ôçí ðáëéÜ
óõìðåñéöïñÜ, ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôçí åíüôçôá
<literal>ServerLayout</literal> Þ <literal>ServerFlags</literal>
ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ ñõèìßóåùí:</para>
<programlisting>Option "AutoAddDevices" "false"</programlisting>
<para>Èá ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôéò óõóêåõÝò åéóüäïõ üðùò
óôéò ðñïçãïýìåíåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ <application>&xorg;</application>,
÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò êáé üðïéåò Üëëåò åðéëïãÝò ÷ñåéÜæåóôå
(ð.÷. åíáëëáãÞ ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ).</para>
<note>
<para>¼ðùò åîçãÞóáìå êáé ðñïçãïõìÝíùò,
ï äáßìïíáò <application>hald</application> áíáëáìâÜíåé íá
áíé÷íåýóåé áõôüìáôá ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï óáò. ÕðÜñ÷åé ðåñßðôùóç íá
ìçí ãßíåé óùóôÞ áíß÷íåõóç ôïõ ìïíôÝëïõ Þ ôçò äéÜôáîçò, ùóôüóï
êÜðïéá ãñáöéêÜ ðåñéâÜëëïíôá üðùò ôï
<application>GNOME</application> ôï <application>KDE</application>
êáé ôï <application>Xfce</application> ðáñÝ÷ïõí ôá äéêÜ ôïõò
åñãáëåßá ãéá ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ. Ìðïñåßôå üìùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôéò
éäéüôçôåò ôïõ ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ êáé áðåõèåßáò, åßôå ìÝóù ôïõ
âïçèçôéêïý ðñïãñÜììáôïò &man.setxkbmap.1; åßôå ìå ôçí ðñïóèÞêç
åíüò êáíüíá óôï <application>hald</application>.</para>
<para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí êÜðïéïò èÝëåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé Ýíá
ðëçêôñïëüãéï 102 ðëÞêôñùí ìå ãáëëéêÞ äéÜôáîç, èá ðñÝðåé íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåé Ýíá áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ãéá ôï
<application>hald</application> ìå ôï üíïìá
<filename>x11-input.fdi</filename> êáé íá ôï áðïèçêåýóåé óôïí
êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/usr/local/etc/hal/fdi/policy</filename>.
Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü èá ðåñéÝ÷åé ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÝò:</para>
<programlisting><?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<deviceinfo version="0.2">
<device>
<match key="info.capabilities" contains="input.keyboard">
<merge key="input.x11_options.XkbModel" type="string">pc102</merge>
<merge key="input.x11_options.XkbLayout" type="string">fr</merge>
</match>
</device>
</deviceinfo></programlisting>
<para>Áí ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü õðÜñ÷åé Þäç, áðëþò áíôéãñÜøôå ôéò ðáñáðÜíù
ãñáììÝò ìÝóá óôï õðÜñ÷ïí ðåñéå÷üìåíï.</para>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò ãéá íá
åîáíáãêÜóåôå ôï <application>hald</application> íá äéáâÜóåé ôï
áñ÷åßï.</para>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá êÜíåôå ôçí ßäéá ñýèìéóç ìÝóá áðü Ýíá
ôåñìáôéêü óôá × Þ áêüìá êáé áðü Ýíá script, åêôåëþíôáò ôçí
ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>setxkbmap -model pc102 -layout fr</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ôéò äéáèÝóéìåò åðéëïãÝò ðëçêôñïëïãßùí êáé
äéáôÜîåùí óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst</filename>.</para>
</note>
<indexterm><primary>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ X11</primary></indexterm>
<para>¸ðåéôá, ðñïóáñìüóôå ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí
<filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> óôéò ðñïôéìÞóåéò óáò. Áíïßîôå ôï
ìå Ýíáí óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ üðùò ï &man.emacs.1; Þ ï &man.ee.1;.
Áí ç ïèüíç óáò åßíáé ðáëéü Þ åîåæçôçìÝíï ìïíôÝëï êáé äåí õðïóôçñßæåé
áõôüìáôç áíß÷íåõóç ôùí óõ÷íïôÞôùí ëåéôïõñãßáò ôçò, ìðïñåßôå íá
ôéò êáôá÷ùñßóåôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá óôï <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename>
óôçí åíüôçôá <literal>"Monitor"</literal>:</para>
<programlisting>Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Model"
HorizSync 30-107
VertRefresh 48-120
EndSection</programlisting>
<para>Ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò ïèüíåò õðïóôçñßæïõí áõôüìáôç áíß÷íåõóç ôùí
óõ÷íïôÞôùí ëåéôïõñãßáò, êáèéóôþíôáò Ýôóé á÷ñåßáóôç ôç ÷åéñïêßíçôç
êáôá÷þñéóç áõôþí ôùí ôéìþí. Ãéá ôéò ëßãåò ðåñéðôþóåéò ðïõ äå
õðïóôçñßæåôáé ç áõôüìáôç áíß÷íåõóç, óõíßóôáôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
ôéò ôéìÝò ðïõ äßíåé ï êáôáóêåõáóôÞò ãéá íá áðïöýãåôå ðéèáíÝò âëÜâåò
óôï õëéêü óáò.</para>
<para>Ôï X åðéôñÝðåé ôç ÷ñÞóç ôùí äõíáôïôÞôùí DPMS (Energy Star) óå
ïèüíåò ðïõ õðïóôçñßæïõí ôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç ëåéôïõñãßá. Ôï ðñüãñáììá
&man.xset.1; åëÝã÷åé ôïõò ÷ñüíïõò êáé ìðïñåß íá åðéâÜëëåé ôéò
êáôáóôÜóåéò standby, suspend, Þ off. Áí èÝëåôå íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå
ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò DPMS ôçò ïèüíçò óáò, ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí
áêüëïõèç ãñáììÞ óôï Section monitor:</para>
<programlisting>
Option "DPMS"</programlisting>
<indexterm>
<primary><filename>xorg.conf</filename></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>¼óï ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename>
åßíáé áêüìá áíïéêôü óå Ýíáí óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ, åðéëÝîôå
ôçí áíÜëõóç êáé ôï âÜèïò ÷ñùìÜôùí ðïõ åðéèõìåßôå. Áõôü êáèïñßæåôáé
óôï Section <literal>"Screen"</literal>:</para>
<programlisting>Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
Modes "1024x768"
EndSubSection
EndSection</programlisting>
<para>Ç ìåôáâëçôÞ <literal>DefaultDepth</literal> ïñßæåé ôï
ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï âÜèïò ÷ñþìáôïò ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß. Ìðïñåßôå íá ôçí
ðáñáêÜìøåôå ìå ôïí äéáêüðôç <option>-depth</option> óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí
ôïõ &man.Xorg.1;. Ç åðéëïãÞ <literal>Modes</literal> ïñßæåé
ôçí áíÜëõóç ìå ôçí ïðïßá èá ëåéôïõñãåß ç ïèüíç óå Ýíá óõãêåêñéìÝíï
âÜèïò ÷ñùìÜôùí. ÐñïóÝîôå üôé õðïóôçñßæïíôáé ìüíï êáíïíéêÝò
êáôáóôÜóåéò VESA, üðùò ïñßæïíôáé áðü ôï õðïóýóôçìá ãñáöéêþí ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò. Óôï ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá, ôï êáèïñéóìÝíï âÜèïò ÷ñùìÜôùí
åßíáé åéêïóéôÝóóåñá bits áíÜ pixel. Óå áõôü ôï âÜèïò ÷ñùìÜôùí, ç
áðïäåêôÞ áíÜëõóç åßíáé 1024×768 pixels.</para>
<para>ÔÝëïò, áðïèçêåýóôå ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí êáé åëÝãîôå ôï ìå ôçí
ìÝèïäï åëÝã÷ïõ ðïõ åîçãÞóáìå ðáñáðÜíù.</para>
<note>
<para>¸íá áðü ôá åñãáëåßá ðïõ ìðïñåß íá óáò âïçèÞóïõí êáôÜ ôçí
äéáäéêáóßá åðßëõóçò ðñïâëçìÜôùí, åßíáé ôá áñ÷åßá X11 log, ðïõ
ðåñéÝ÷ïõí ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá êÜèå óõóêåõÞ ðïõ åðéêïéíùíåß ìå ôïí
äéáêïìéóôÞ X11. Ôá áñ÷åßá <application>&xorg;</application> log
ïíïìÜæïíôáé ìå ôçí ìïñöÞ
<filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename>. Ôï áêñéâÝò üíïìá
åíüò log ìðïñåß íá åßíáé <filename>Xorg.0.log</filename> Ýùò
<filename>Xorg.8.log</filename> êáé ðÜåé ëÝãïíôáò.</para>
</note>
<para>Áí üëá åßíáé êáëÜ, ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ðñÝðåé íá ôïðïèåôçèåß óå
ìéá êïéíÞ ôïðïèåóßá þóôå íá åíôïðßæåôáé áðü ôï &man.Xorg.1;.
ÁõôÞ óõíÞèùò åßíáé ç <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> Þ
<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</userinput></screen>
<para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá ñýèìéóçò ôïõ X11 Ý÷åé ôþñá ïëïêëçñùèåß.
Ôï <application>&xorg;</application> ìðïñåßôå íá ôï îåêéíÞóåôå ìå ôï
âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá &man.startx.1;. Ï äéáêïìéóôÞò X11 ìðïñåß åðßóçò
íá åêêéíÞóåé ìå ôç âïÞèåéá ôïõ &man.xdm.1;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÅîåéäéêåõìÝíá ÈÝìáôá Ñõèìßóåùí</title>
<sect3>
<title>Ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ôá &intel; <literal>i810</literal> Graphics
Chipsets</title>
<indexterm><primary>Intel i810 graphic chipset</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜñôá âáóéóìÝíç óôá &intel; i810
integrated chipsets, áðáéôåßôáé ôï <devicename>agpgart</devicename>,
ç äéåðáöÞ ðñïãñáììáôéóìïý ôùí X11 ãéá ôï AGP. Äåßôå ôçí óåëßäá
manual ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò ïäÞãçóçò &man.agp.4; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
ðëçñïöïñßåò.</para>
<para>Må áõôü ôïí ôñüðï, ç ñýèìéóç ôïõ õëéêïý óáò èá ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé
üðùò êáé óå êÜèå Üëëç êÜñôá ãñáöéêþí. Ðñïóï÷Þ, óå óõóôÞìáôá ÷ùñßò
åíóùìáôùìÝíï ôïí ïäçãü &man.agp.4;, ï ïäçãüò äåí èá öïñôùèåß ìå ôçí
åíôïëÞ &man.kldload.8;. Ï ïäçãüò áõôüò ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêåôáé
óôïí ðõñÞíá êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç, åßôå óôáôéêÜ ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíïò, åßôå
ìå ÷ñÞóç ôïõ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ÐñïóèÝôïíôáò ìéá Widescreen Åðßðåäç Ïèüíç</title>
<indexterm><primary>Ñýèìéóç widescreen åðßðåäçò ïèüíçò</primary></indexterm>
<para>Áõôü ôï ôìÞìá ðñïûðïèÝôåé ìåñéêÝò ãíþóåéò åîåéäéêåõìÝíùí
ñõèìßóåùí. Áí ïé ðñïóðÜèåéåò ìå ôá óõíÞèç åñãáëåßá ñõèìßóåùí äåí
êáôáëÞîïõí óå ìéá ñýèìéóç ðïõ íá ëåéôïõñãåß, õðÜñ÷ïõí áñêåôÝò
ðëçñïöïñßåò óôá áñ÷åßá log ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá óáò âïçèÞóïõí.
Ùóôüóï, åßíáé áðáñáßôçôç ç ÷ñÞóç åíüò óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ.</para>
<para>Ïé ôñÝ÷ïõóåò áíáëýóåéò widescreen (WSXGA, WSXGA+, WUXGA, WXGA,
WXGA+, ê.á.) õðïóôçñßæïõí formats êáé aspect ratios (áíáëïãßåò)
16:10 êáé 16:9 ðïõ ìðïñåß íá äçìéïõñãÞóïõí ðñïâëÞìáôá. Ðáñáäåßãìáôá
ìåñéêþí êïéíþí áíáëýóåùí ãéá áíáëïãßá 16:10 åßíáé ôá:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>2560x1600</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>1920x1200</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>1680x1050</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>1440x900</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>1280x800</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ÊÜðïéá óôéãìÞ, ç ñýèìéóç èá ãßíåôáé ðïëý áðëÜ ðñïóèÝôïíôáò ôçí
áíÜëõóç ùò Ýíá ðéèáíü <literal>Mode</literal> óôï
<literal>Section "Screen"</literal> üðùò åäþ:</para>
<programlisting>Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
Modes "1680x1050"
EndSubSection
EndSection</programlisting>
<para>Ôï <application>&xorg;</application> åßíáé áñêåôÜ Ýîõðíï þóôå
íá áíáêôÞóåé ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò ôçò áíÜëõóçò ôçò widescreen ïèüíçò
ìÝóù ôùí ðëçñïöïñéþí I2C/DDC, ãíùñßæïíôáò Ýôóé ôé ìðïñåß íá
÷åéñéóôåß ç ïèüíç üóï áöïñÜ ôéò óõ÷íüôçôåò êáé ôéò áíáëýóåéò.</para>
<para>Áí áõôÝò ïé <literal>ModeLines</literal> äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí óôïõò
ïäçãïýò, ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ôéò äþóåôå åóåßò óôï
<application>&xorg;</application>. ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï
<filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> ìðïñåßôå íá
áíáêôÞóåôå áñêåôÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò þóôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ìüíïé óáò Ýíá
<literal>ModeLine</literal> ðïõ íá ëåéôïõñãåß.
Áðëþò áíáæçôÞóôå ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ èá ìïéÜæïõí ìå áõôü:</para>
<programlisting>(II) MGA(0): Supported additional Video Mode:
(II) MGA(0): clock: 146.2 MHz Image Size: 433 x 271 mm
(II) MGA(0): h_active: 1680 h_sync: 1784 h_sync_end 1960 h_blank_end 2240 h_border: 0
(II) MGA(0): v_active: 1050 v_sync: 1053 v_sync_end 1059 v_blanking: 1089 v_border: 0
(II) MGA(0): Ranges: V min: 48 V max: 85 Hz, H min: 30 H max: 94 kHz, PixClock max 170 MHz</programlisting>
<para>ÁõôÝò ïíïìÜæïíôáé ðëçñïöïñßåò EDID. Ç äçìéïõñãßá åíüò
<literal>ModeLine</literal> áðü áõôÝò, ãßíåôáé âÜæïíôáò áðëþò ôïõò
áñéèìïýò óôç óùóôÞ óåéñÜ:</para>
<programlisting>ModeLine <name> <clock> <4 horiz. timings> <4 vert. timings></programlisting>
<para>ÔåëéêÜ, ôï <literal>ModeLine</literal> óôï
<literal>Section "Monitor"</literal> óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò èá ìïéÜæåé
ìå áõôü:</para>
<programlisting>Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor1"
VendorName "Bigname"
ModelName "BestModel"
ModeLine "1680x1050" 146.2 1680 1784 1960 2240 1050 1053 1059 1089
Option "DPMS"
EndSection</programlisting>
<para>Ôþñá ðïõ Ý÷åôå ôåëåéþóåé ìå áõôÜ ôá áðëÜ âÞìáôá, ôï X èá ðñÝðåé
íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óôç íÝá widescreen ïèüíç óáò.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="x-fonts">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Murray</firstname>
<surname>Stokely</surname>
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>×ñÞóç Ãñáììáôïóåéñþí óôï X11</title>
<sect2 id="type1">
<title>ÃñáììáôïóåéñÝò ôýðïõ Type1</title>
<para>Ïé ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíåò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ðïõ óõíïäåýïõí ôï
X11 äåí åßíáé éäáíéêÝò ãéá åöáñìïãÝò åðéôñáðÝæéáò ôõðïãñáößáò.
Ïé ìåãÜëåò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ðáñïõóßáóçò öáßíïíôáé ïäïíôùôÝò êáé
åñáóéôå÷íéêÝò, êáé ïé ìéêñÝò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò óôï
<application>&netscape;</application> åßíáé ó÷åäüí áêáôÜëçðôåò.
Åõôõ÷þò üìùò, õðÜñ÷ïõí äéáèÝóéìåò áñêåôÝò, õøçëÞò ðïéüôçôáò
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò Type1 (&postscript;) ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí
Üìåóá áðü ôï X11. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç óõëëïãÞ ãñáììáôïóåéñþí URW
(<filename role="package">x11-fonts/urwfonts</filename>) ðåñéÝ÷åé
åêäüóåéò õøçëÞò ðïéüôçôáò ôùí óõíçèéóìÝíùí type1 ãñáììáôïóåéñþí
(<trademark class="registered">Times Roman</trademark>,
<trademark class="registered">Helvetica</trademark>,
<trademark class="registered">Palatino</trademark> êáé Üëëåò). Ç
óõëëïãÞ Freefonts
(<filename role="package">x11-fonts/freefonts</filename>) ðåñéÝ÷åé
ðïëëÝò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò, áëëÜ ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü áõôÝò
åßíáé ãéá ëïãéóìéêü ãñáöéêþí üðùò ôï <application>Gimp</application>,
êáé äåí åßíáé êáôÜëëçëåò ãéá ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ïèüíçò. Áêüìç, ôï X11
ìðïñåß ìå åëÜ÷éóôï êüðï íá ñõèìéóôåß þóôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß &truetype;
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò, äåßôå ôçí óåëßäá
manual &man.X.7; Þ ôï <link linkend="truetype">ôìÞìá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôéò
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò &truetype;</link>.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôéò ðáñáðÜíù óõëëïãÝò ãñáììáôïóåéñþí Type1
áðü ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, åêôåëÝóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìå ðáñüìïéï ôñüðï ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé ôçí freefont Þ
Üëëåò óõëëïãÝò. Ãéá íá áíé÷íåýóåé ï X server áõôÝò ôéò
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò, ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí êáôÜëëçëç ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí
ôïõ (<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>):</para>
<programlisting>FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/URW/"</programlisting>
<para>ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, åêôåëÝóôå óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ìéáò óõíüäïõ X:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/URW</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp rehash</userinput></screen>
<para>Áõôü èá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé, áëëÜ üôáí ôåñìáôßóåé ç óýíïäïò X, ïé
ñõèìßóåéò èá ÷áèïýí, åêôüò áí ðñïóôåèïýí óôï áñ÷åßï åêêßíçóçò
(ôï <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> ãéá ìßá óõíçèéóìÝíç
óýíïäï ìÝóù <command>startx</command>, ç ôï
<filename>~/.xsession</filename> áí óõíäÝåóôå ìÝóù åíüò
ãñáöéêïý äéá÷åéñéóôÞ óýíäåóçò üðùò ï <application>XDM</application>).
¸íáò áêüìç ôñüðïò åßíáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>: äåßôå ôï ôìÞìá
<link linkend="antialias">anti-aliasing (åîïìÜëõíóçò)</link>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="truetype">
<title>ÃñáììáôïóåéñÝò &truetype;</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÃñáììáôïóåéñÝò TrueType</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò</primary>
<secondary>TrueType</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï <application>&xorg;</application> Ý÷åé åíóùìáôùìÝíç õðïóôÞñéîç
áðåéêüíéóçò ãñáììáôïóåéñþí &truetype;. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï äéáöïñåôéêÜ
modules (áñèñþìáôá) ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá åíåñãïðïéÞóïõí áõôÞí ôçí
ëåéôïõñãßá. Óå áõôü ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ôï freetype module
åðåéäÞ åßíáé ðéï óõíåñãÜóéìï ìå ôá Üëëá back-ends áðåéêüíéóçò
ãñáììáôïóåéñþí. Ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï freetype module, áðëþò
ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï ôìÞìá <literal>"Module"</literal>
ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>.</para>
<programlisting>Load "freetype"</programlisting>
<para>Ôþñá, äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíáí êáôÜëïãï ãéá ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò &truetype;
(ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá,
<filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</filename>)
êáé áíôéãñÜøôå üëåò ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò &truetype; óå áõôüí. ÐñïóÝîôå
üôé ïé ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò &truetype; äåí ìðïñïýí íá åßíáé áðü Ýíá óýóôçìá
&macintosh; ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé óå ìïñöÞ &unix;/&ms-dos;/&windows; ãéá íá
ëåéôïõñãïýí óôï X11. Ìüëéò áíôéãñáöïýí ôá áñ÷åßá óôïí êáôÜëïãï,
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï <application>ttmkfdir</application> ãéá íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>fonts.dir</filename>, þóôå ï X font
renderer íá ãíùñßæåé ôçí ýðáñîç ôùí íÝùí áõôþí áñ÷åßùí.
Ôï <command>ttmkfdir</command> äéáôßèåôáé áðü ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports
ôïõ &os; ùò <filename role="package">x11-fonts/ttmkfdir</filename>.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ttmkfdir -o fonts.dir</userinput></screen>
<para>Ôþñá, ðñoóèÝóôå ôïí êáôÜëïãï &truetype; óôç äéáäñïìÞ ôùí fonts.
Áõôü ãßíåôáé ìå ôïí ßäéï ôñüðï ðïõ ðåñéãñÜøáìå ðáñáðÜíù óôéò <link
linkend="type1">Type1</link> ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp rehash</userinput></screen>
<para>Þ áðëÜ ðñïóèÝóôå ìéá ãñáììÞ <literal>FontPath</literal> óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>xorg.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>Áõôü Þôáí. Ôþñá ï <application>&netscape;</application>,
ôï <application>Gimp</application>,
ôï <application>&staroffice;</application>, êáé üëåò ïé Üëëåò
åöáñìïãÝò X ðñÝðåé íá áíáãíùñßæïõí ôéò åãêáôáóôçìÝíåò &truetype;
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò. Ðïëý ìéêñÝò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò (üðùò áõôÝò ðïõ öáßíïíôáé
óôï êåßìåíï ìéáò éóôïóåëßäáò óå õøçëÞ áíÜëõóç) êáé ðïëý ìåãÜëåò
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò (óôï <application>&staroffice;</application>) èá
öáßíïíôáé ôþñá ðïëý êáëýôåñá.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="antialias">
<sect2info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Joe Marcus</firstname>
<surname>Clarke</surname>
<contrib>Áíáíåþèçêå áðü ôïí </contrib>
<!-- May 2003 -->
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect2info>
<title>Anti-Aliased ÃñáììáôïóåéñÝò</title>
<indexterm><primary>anti-aliased ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò</primary>
<secondary>anti-aliased</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>¼ëåò ïé ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò X11 ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôï
<filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> êáé ôï
<filename>~/.fonts/</filename> åßíáé áõôüìáôá äéáèÝóéìåò ãéá
anti-aliasing óå åöáñìïãÝò Xft-aware, óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíùí
ôïõ <application>KDE</application>, <application>GNOME</application>
êáé <application>Firefox</application>.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá åëÝãîåôå ðïßåò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò åßíáé anti-aliased, Þ íá
ñõèìßóåôå ôéò éäéüôçôåò ôïõ anti-aliasing, äçìéïõñãÞóôå (Þ
ôñïðïðïéÞóôå, áí Þäç õðÜñ÷åé) ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>. ÌÝóù áõôïý ôïõ
áñ÷åßïõ ìðïñïýí íá ñõèìéóôïýí áñêåôÜ åîåéäéêåõìÝíá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò ãñáììáôïóåéñþí Xft. Áõôü ôï ôìÞìá ðåñéãñÜöåé ìüíï ìåñéêÝò
áðëÝò äõíáôüôçôåò. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò, äåßôå ôï
&man.fonts-conf.5;.</para>
<indexterm><primary>XML</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ìïñöÞò XML. Äþóôå ìåãÜëç ðñïóï÷Þ
óôá ðåæÜ / êåöáëáßá, êáé óéãïõñåõèåßôå üôé üëá ôá tags Ý÷ïõí êëåßóåé
óùóôÜ. Ôï áñ÷åßï îåêéíÜ ìå ôçí óõíçèéóìÝíç åðéêåöáëßäá XML êáé Ýíá
ïñéóìü DOCTYPE, êáé Ýðåéôá áêïëïõèåß ôï
<literal><fontconfig></literal> tag:</para>
<programlisting>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig></programlisting>
<para>¼ðùò åßðáìå ðñïçãïõìÝíùò, üëåò ïé ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò óôï
<filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> üðùò êáé óôï
<filename>~/.fonts/</filename> äéáôßèåíôáé Þäç óå Xft-aware åöáñìïãÝò.
Áí èÝëåôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå êáé Üëëïõò êáôáëüãïõò åêôüò áðü áõôïýò ôïõò
äýï, ðñïóèÝóôå ìéá ãñáììÞ ðáñüìïéá ìå áõôÞ ðïõ áêïëïõèåß óôï
<filename>/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting><dir>/path/to/my/fonts</dir></programlisting>
<para>Áöïý ðñïóèÝóåôå íÝåò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò, êáé åéäéêüôåñá íÝïõò
êáôáëüãïõò ãñáììáôïóåéñþí, ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ
ãéá íá áíáäçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôçí cache ãñáììáôïóåéñþí:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fc-cache -f</userinput></screen>
<para>Ôï anti-aliasing êÜíåé ôá Üêñá åëáöñþò óõãêå÷õìÝíá, êÜíïíôáò Ýôóé
ôá ðïëý ìéêñÜ ãñÜììáôá ðéï áíáãíþóéìá, êáé áöáéñåß ôéò
<quote>êëßìáêåò</quote> (óêáëïðÜôéá) áðü ôá ìåãÜëá ãñÜììáôá, áëëÜ
ìðïñåß íá ðñïêáëÝóåé åíï÷ëÞóåéò óôá ìÜôéá áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß óå
êáíïíéêÜ ìåãÝèç. Ãéá íá åîáéñÝóåôå áðü ôï anti-aliasing ìåãÝèç
ãñáììáôïóåéñþí ìéêñüôåñá áðü 14 point, ðñïóèÝóôå áõôÝò ôéò
ãñáììÝò:</para>
<programlisting> <match target="font">
<test name="size" compare="less">
<double>14</double>
</test>
<edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
<bool>false</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="font">
<test name="pixelsize" compare="less" qual="any">
<double>14</double>
</test>
<edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
<bool>false</bool>
</edit>
</match></programlisting>
<indexterm>
<primary>ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò</primary>
<secondary>spacing</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï spacing (äéáóôÞìáôá) óå ìåñéêÝò monospaced ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò
ìðïñåß åðßóçò íá åßíáé áêáôÜëëçëï üôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé anti-aliasing.
Áõôü öáßíåôáé íá áðïôåëåß éäéáßôåñï ðñüâëçìá ìå ôï
<application>KDE</application>. Ìéá äéüñèùóç ãéá áõôü, åßíáé íá
åðéâÜëëåôå óôï spacing ôçí ôéìÞ 100 ãéá áõôÝò ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò.
ÐñïóèÝóôå ôéò áêüëïõèåò ãñáììÝò:</para>
<programlisting> <match target="pattern" name="family">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>fixed</string>
</test>
<edit name="family" mode="assign">
<string>mono</string>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="pattern" name="family">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>console</string>
</test>
<edit name="family" mode="assign">
<string>mono</string>
</edit>
</match></programlisting>
<para>(áõôü ìåôïíïìÜæåé ôá Üëëá êïéíÜ ïíüìáôá ôùí fixed ãñáììáôïóåéñþí
ùò <literal>"mono"</literal>), êáé Ýðåéôá ðñïóèÝóôå:</para>
<programlisting> <match target="pattern" name="family">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>mono</string>
</test>
<edit name="spacing" mode="assign">
<int>100</int>
</edit>
</match> </programlisting>
<para>ÓõãêåêñéìÝíåò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò, üðùò ïé Helvetica, ìðïñåß íá
åìöáíßæïõí ðñüâëçìá üôáí åßíáé anti-aliased. Ôï ðñüâëçìá óõ÷íÜ
åêäçëþíåôáé ùò ìßá ãñáììáôïóåéñÜ êïììÝíç êÜèåôá óôçí ìÝóç. Óôçí
÷åéñüôåñç ðåñßðôùóç, ìðïñåß íá êÜíåé êÜðïéåò åöáñìïãÝò íá
êáôáññåýóïõí. Ãéá íá ôï áðïöýãåôå áõôü, ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôï
áêüëïõèï óôï <filename>local.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting> <match target="pattern" name="family">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>Helvetica</string>
</test>
<edit name="family" mode="assign">
<string>sans-serif</string>
</edit>
</match> </programlisting>
<para>Ìüëéò ôåëåéþóåôå ôçí ìåôáôñïðÞ ôïõ
<filename>local.conf</filename> óéãïõñåõèåßôå üôé êëåßóáôå ôï áñ÷åßï
ìå ôï <literal></fontconfig></literal> tag. Áí äåí ôï êÜíåôå,
ïé áëëáãÝò óáò èá áãíïçèïýí.</para>
<para>ÔÝëïò, ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ìðïñïýí íá ðñïóèÝóïõí ôéò äéêÝò ôïõò ñõèìßóåéò
ìÝóù ôùí ðñïóùðéêþí ôïõò áñ÷åßùí
<filename>.fonts.conf</filename>. Ãéá íá ãßíåé áõôü, êÜèå ÷ñÞóôçò
ðñÝðåé áðëþò íá äçìéïõñãÞóåé Ýíá <filename>~/.fonts.conf</filename>.
Áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé åðßóçò XML ìïñöÞò.</para>
<indexterm><primary>LCD ïèüíç</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò</primary>
<secondary>LCD screen</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>ÊÜôé ôåëåõôáßï: óå ìßá LCD ïèüíç, ìðïñåß íá åßíáé åðéèõìçôüò
ï äåéãìáôéóìüò sub-pixel. Ï äåéãìáôéóìüò ÷åéñßæåôáé ÷ùñéóôÜ ôá
(ïñéæüíôéá äéá÷ùñéóìÝíá) êüêêéíá, ðñÜóéíá êáé ìðëå óôïé÷åßá þóôå íá
âåëôéþóåé ôçí ïñéæüíôéá áíÜëõóç. Ôá áðïôåëÝóìáôá ìðïñåß íá åßíáé
äñáìáôéêÜ êáëýôåñá. Ãéá íá ôïí åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå, ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí
ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ êÜðïõ óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>local.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>
<match target="font">
<test qual="all" name="rgba">
<const>unknown</const>
</test>
<edit name="rgba" mode="assign">
<const>rgb</const>
</edit>
</match>
</programlisting>
<note>
<para>ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôïí ôýðï ôçò ïèüíçò, ôï <literal>rgb</literal>
ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áëëÜîåé óå <literal>bgr</literal>,
<literal>vrgb</literal> Þ <literal>vbgr</literal>:
ðåéñáìáôéóôåßôå êáé äåßôå ðïßï ëåéôïõñãåß êáëýôåñá.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="x-xdm">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Seth</firstname>
<surname>Kingsley</surname>
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>Ï X Display Manager</title>
<sect2>
<title>ÅéóáãùãÞ</title>
<indexterm><primary>X Display Manager</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ï X Display Manager (<application>XDM</application>) åßíáé
Ýíá ðñïáéñåôéêü ìÝñïò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò X Windows ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé
ãéá äéá÷åßñéóç óõíäÝóåùí (logins). Áõôü åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìï óå ðïëëÝò
ðåñéðôþóåéò, üðùò óå áðëÜ <quote>X Terminals</quote>, óå
desktop ìç÷áíÞìáôá, êáèþò êáé óå äéáêïìéóôÝò ìåãÜëùí äéêôýùí.
Áöïý ôï óýóôçìá X Windows åßíáé áíåîÜñôçôï ðñùôïêüëëùí êáé äéêôýùí,
õðÜñ÷åé ìåãÜëï åýñïò ðéèáíþí ñõèìßóåùí
ãéá ôçí ëåéôïõñãßá X ðåëáôþí êáé äéáêïìéóôþí óå äéáöïñåôéêÜ
ìç÷áíÞìáôá óõíäåäåìÝíá óå Ýíá äßêôõï. Ï
<application>XDM</application> ðáñÝ÷åé Ýíá ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí ãéá
ôçí åðéëïãÞ ôïõ äéáêïìéóôÞ ìå ôïí ïðïßï èá ãßíåé ç óýíäåóç, êáé ãéá
ôçí åßóïäï ðëçñïöïñéþí ðéóôïðïßçóçò üðùò ôïõ ïíüìáôïò ÷ñÞóôç êáé ôïõ
êùäéêïý ðñüóâáóçò.</para>
<para>Óêåöèåßôå ôïí <application>XDM</application> ùò ìéá åöáñìïãÞ ðïõ
ðáñÝ÷åé ôéò ßäéåò äõíáôüôçôåò óôïí ÷ñÞóôç ìå ôï åñãáëåßï
&man.getty.8; (äåßôå ôï <xref linkend="term-config"/> ãéá
ëåðôïìÝñåéåò). Ôï XDM åêôåëåß óõíäÝóåéò (logins) óôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ
êáé Ýðåéôá åêôåëåß Ýíá äéá÷åéñéóôÞ óõíåäñßáò (session manager,
óõíÞèùò Ýíáí X äéá÷åéñéóôÞ ðáñáèýñùí, window manager) ãéá ëïãáñéáóìü
ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç. Ï <application>XDM</application> Ýðåéôá ðåñéìÝíåé íá
ôåñìáôßóåé áõôü ôï ðñüãñáììá, ðïõ óçìáôïäïôåß üôé ï ÷ñÞóôçò ôåëåßùóå
êáé ðñÝðåé íá áðïóõíäåèåß. Óå áõôü ôï óçìåßï,
ï <application>XDM</application> ìðïñåß íá åìöáíßóåé îáíÜ ôçí ïèüíç
åéóüäïõ (login) êáé ôçí ïèüíç åðéëïãÞò ãñáöéêÞò óýíäåóçò þóôå íá
óõíäåèåß Ýíáò Üëëïò ÷ñÞóôçò.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>×ñÞóç ôïõ XDM</title>
<para>Ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï
<application>XDM</application>, åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï port <filename
role="package">x11/xdm</filename> (äåí åãêáèßóôáôáé áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ
óôéò ðñüóöáôåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ <application>&xorg;</application>).
Ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá âñåßôå ôïí äáßìïíá <application>XDM</application>
óôï <filename>/usr/local/bin/xdm</filename>. Áõôü ôï ðñüãñáììá
ìðïñåß íá åêôåëåóôåß ïðïéáäÞðïôå óôéãìÞ ùò <username>root</username>
êáé èá îåêéíÞóåé íá äéá÷åéñßæåôáé ôçí ïèüíç ôïõ X óôï ôïðéêü
ìç÷Üíçìá. Áí ï <application>XDM</application> ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëåßôáé
êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ åêêéíåßôáé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá, Ýíáò âïëéêüò ôñüðïò åßíáé ç
ðñïóèÞêç ìéáò ãñáììÞò óôï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. Ãéá
ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ìïñöÞ êáé ôçí ÷ñÞóç áõôïý ôïõ
áñ÷åßïõ, äåßôå ôï <xref linkend="term-etcttys"/>. ÕðÜñ÷åé ìßá ãñáììÞ
óôï áñ÷éêü <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> áñ÷åßï ãéá ôçí åêôÝëåóç ôïõ
<application>XDM</application> óå Ýíá åéêïíéêü ôåñìáôéêü:</para>
<screen>ttyv8 "/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon" xterm off secure</screen>
<para>Áñ÷éêÜ áõôÞ ç ëåéôïõñãßá åßíáé áðåíåñãïðïéçìÝíç — ãéá íá
ôçí åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå áëëÜîôå ôï ðåäßï 5 áðü <literal>off</literal> óå
<literal>on</literal> êáé åðáííåêßíçóôå ôï &man.init.8;
÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò ïäçãßåò ôïõ <xref linkend="term-hup"/>. Ôï ðñþôï
ðåäßï, ôï üíïìá ôïõ ôåñìáôéêïý ðïõ èá äéá÷åéñßæåôáé ôï ðñüãñáììá,
åßíáé ôï <literal>ttyv8</literal>. Áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé ï
<application>XDM</application> èá åêôåëåßôáé óôï 9ï
åéêïíéêü ôåñìáôéêü.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ XDM</title>
<para>Ï êáôÜëïãïò ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ <application>XDM</application>
âñßóêåôáé óôï <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm</filename>. Óå áõôüí
ôïí êáôÜëïãï õðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëÜ áñ÷åßá ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ãéá íá
áëëÜîïõí ôçí óõìðåñéöïñÜ êáé åìöÜíéóç ôïõ
<application>XDM</application>. ÔõðéêÜ, èá âñåßôå ôá ðáñáêÜôù
áñ÷åßá:</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Áñ÷åßï</entry>
<entry>ÐåñéãñáöÞ</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><filename>Xaccess</filename></entry>
<entry>Êáíüíåò ðéóôïðïßçóçò ðåëáôþí.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><filename>Xresources</filename></entry>
<entry>ÐñïêáèïñéóìÝíåò ôéìÝò X resource.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><filename>Xservers</filename></entry>
<entry>Ëßóôá áðïìáêñõóìÝíùí êáé ôïðéêþí ïèïíþí (× displays)
óôéò ïðïßåò èá ãßíåôáé äéá÷åßñéóç.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><filename>Xsession</filename></entry>
<entry>ÐñïåðéëåãìÝíï script óõíüäùí ãéá logins.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><filename>Xsetup_</filename>*</entry>
<entry>Script ãéá ôçí åêôÝëåóç åíôïëþí ðñéí ôçí åìöÜíéóç ôïõ
ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò óýíäåóçò (login screen).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><filename>xdm-config</filename></entry>
<entry>Ñõèìßóåéò ãéá üëåò ôéò áðåéêïíßóåéò (displays) ðïõ
åêôåëïýíôáé óå áõôü ôï ìç÷Üíçìá.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><filename>xdm-errors</filename></entry>
<entry>ËÜèç ðïõ äçìéïõñãïýíôáé áðü ôï ðñüãñáììá.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><filename>xdm-pid</filename></entry>
<entry>Ôï ID ôçò äéåñãáóßáò ôïõ ôñÝ÷ïíôïò XDM.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>Åðßóçò óå áõôüí ôïí êáôÜëïãï õðÜñ÷ïõí ìåñéêÜ scripts êáé
ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ãéá íá ñõèìßóïõí ôçí åðéöÜíåéá
åñãáóßáò üôáí åêôåëåßôáé ôï <application>XDM</application>.
Èá ðåñéãñÜøïõìå ðåñéëçðôéêÜ ôï óêïðü êáèåíüò áðü áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá.
Ç áêñéâÞò óýíôáîç êáé ÷ñÞóç üëùí áõôþí ôùí áñ÷åßùí ðåñéãñÜöåôáé
óôï &man.xdm.1;.</para>
<para>Ç ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíç ñýèìéóç åßíáé Ýíá áðëü ïñèïãþíéï ðáñÜèõñï
óýíäåóçò ìå ôï üíïìá ôïõ ìç÷áíÞìáôïò íá öáßíåôáé óôçí êïñõöÞ ìå
ìåãÜëá ãñÜììáôá êáé ôéò ðñïôñïðÝò <quote>Login:</quote> êáé
<quote>Password:</quote> áðü êÜôù. Áõôü åßíáé Ýíá êáëü óçìåßï
åêêßíçóçò ãéá íá áëëÜîåôå ôçí åìöÜíéóç ôïõ
<application>XDM</application>.</para>
<sect3>
<title>Xaccess</title>
<para>Ôï ðñùôüêïëëï ãéá óýíäåóç ìå áðåéêïíßóåéò ðïõ åëÝã÷ïíôáé áðü ôï
<application>XDM</application> ïíïìÜæåôáé X Display Manager
Connection Protocol (XDMCP). Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü åßíáé Ýíá óýíïëï
êáíüíùí ãéá ôùí Ýëåã÷ï ôùí óõíäÝóåùí XDMCP áðü áðïìáêñõóìÝíá
ìç÷áíÞìáôá. Áãíïåßôáé, åêôüò êáé áí ôï
<filename>xdm-config</filename> Ý÷åé ñõèìéóôåß þóôå íá äÝ÷åôáé
åéóåñ÷üìåíåò óõíäÝóåéò. Ç ðñïåðéëïãÞ åßíáé íá ìçí åðéôñÝðåôáé óå
êáíÝíá ðåëÜôç íá óõíäåèåß.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Xresources</title>
<para>Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôï áñ÷åßï ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíùí ôéìþí ãéá ôéò åöáñìïãÝò
åìöÜíéóçò ôïõ ðáñÜèõñïõ óýíäåóçò (login) êáé åðéëïãÝá áðåéêüíéóçò
(display chooser). ÌÝóá áðü áõôü ìðïñåß íá ôñïðïðïéçèåß ç åìöÜíéóç
ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò login. Ç ìïñöÞ ôïõ åßíáé ßäéá ìå ôï áñ÷åßï
app-defaults ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ X11.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Xservers</title>
<para>ÁõôÞ åßíáé ìéá ëßóôá ôùí áðïìáêñõóìÝíùí óôáèìþí ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá
åìöáíßæïíôáé ùò åðéëïãÝò óôï ðñüãñáììá (chooser).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Xsession</title>
<para>Áõôü åßíáé ôï ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíï session script ðïõ åêôåëåß ôï
<application>XDM</application> ìåôÜ ôç óýíäåóç êÜðïéïõ ÷ñÞóôç.
ÊáíïíéêÜ, êÜèå ÷ñÞóôçò èá Ý÷åé Ýíá ôñïðïðïéçìÝíï, äéêü ôïõ, session
script óôï <filename>~/.xsession</filename> ðïõ èá ðáñáêÜìðôåé áõôü
ôï script.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Xsetup_*</title>
<para>Ôá áñ÷åßá áõôÜ åêôåëïýíôáé áõôüìáôá ðñéí ôçí åìöÜíéóç ôùí
ðáñáèýñùí åðéëïãÞò Þ óýíäåóçò. ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíá script ãéá êÜèå display
ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé, ðïõ ïíïìÜæåôáé <filename>Xsetup_</filename> ìå
ôï íïýìåñï ôïõ display óôï ôÝëïò (ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá
<filename>Xsetup_0</filename>). ÊáíïíéêÜ áõôÜ ôá scripts èá
åêôåëïýí Ýíá Þ äõï ðñïãñÜììáôá óôï ðáñáóêÞíéï üðùò ð.÷. ôï
<command>xconsole</command>.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>xdm-config</title>
<para>Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü ðåñéÝ÷åé ñõèìßóåéò óôçí ìïñöÞ ôùí app-defaults,
ðïõ åöáñìüæïíôáé óå êÜèå display ðïõ äéá÷åéñßæåôáé ç óõãêåêñéìÝíç
åãêáôÜóôáóç.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>xdm-errors</title>
<para>Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü ðåñéÝ÷åé ôçí Ýîïäï ôùí äéáêïìéóôþí X ðïõ
ðñïóðáèåß íá åêôåëÝóåé ôï <application>XDM</application>. Áí Ýíá
display ðïõ ðñïóðáèåß íá åêêéíÞóåé o <application>XDM</application>
êïëëÞóåé ãéá êÜðïéï ëüãï, êáëü åßíáé íá áíáæçôÞóåôå åäþ ôõ÷üí
ìçíýìáôá óöáëìÜôùí. Ôá ìçíýìáôá áõôÜ êáôáãñÜöïíôáé êáé óôá áñ÷åßá
÷ñçóôþí <filename>~/.xsession-errors</filename>.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Äéáôçñþíôáò Ýíáí ÄéáêïìéóôÞ ÁðïìáêñõóìÝíùí ÓõíäÝóåùí</title>
<para>Ãéá íá óõíäÝïíôáé êáé Üëëïé ðåëÜôåò óôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ ïèüíçò,
ôñïðïðïéÞóôå ôïõò êáíüíåò åëÝã÷ïõ ðñüóâáóçò, êáé åíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôéò
åéóåñ÷üìåíåò óõíäÝóåéò. Ôá ðáñáðÜíù åßíáé, áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ ñõèìéóìÝíá
óå óõíôçñçôéêÝò ôéìÝò. Ãéá íá êÜíåôå ôï
<application>XDM</application> íá äÝ÷åôáé óõíäÝóåéò, áñ÷éêÜ ìåôáôñÝøôå
óå ó÷üëéï ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>xdm-config</filename>:</para>
<screen>! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests
! Comment out this line if you want to manage X terminals with xdm
DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
<para>êáé ìåôÜ åðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôïí <application>XDM</application>.
Íá Ý÷åôå õðüøéí óáò üôé ôá ó÷üëéá óôá áñ÷åßá
app-defaults îåêéíïýí ìå ôïí ÷áñáêôÞñá <quote>!</quote>,
êáé ü÷é ôïí óõíÞèç <quote>#</quote>. Ìðïñåß íá åðéèõìåßôå ðéï
áõóôçñïýò êáíüíåò åëÝã÷ïõ ðñüóâáóçò. Äåßôå ôá ðáñáäåßãìáôá
óôï <filename>Xaccess</filename>, êáé óõìâïõëåõèåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual
ôïõ &man.xdm.1;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÁíôéêáôáóôÜôåò ôïõ XDM</title>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí áñêåôïß áíôéêáôáóôÜôåò ãéá ôï ðñüãñáììá
<application>XDM</application>. ¸íáò áðü áõôïýò,
ï <application>KDM</application> (Ýñ÷åôáé ìå ôï
<application>KDE</application>) áíáëýåôáé áñãüôåñá óå áõôü ôï
êåöÜëáéï. Ï <application>KDM</application> display manager
ðñïóöÝñåé ðïëëÜ ðñïôåñÞìáôá óôá ãñáöéêÜ êáé äéáêïóìçôéêÜ óôïé÷åßá,
üðùò åðßóçò êáé ôçí äõíáôüôçôá íá åðéëÝãïõí ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïí
åðéèõìçôü äéá÷åéñéóôÞ ðáñáèýñùí ôçí óôéãìÞ ôçò óýíäåóçò.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="x11-wm">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Valentino</firstname>
<surname>Vaschetto</surname>
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
<!-- June 2001 -->
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>ÃñáöéêÜ ÐåñéâÜëëïíôá</title>
<para>Áõôü ôï ôìÞìá ðåñéãñÜöåé ìåñéêÜ ãñáöéêÜ ðåñéâÜëëïíôá ðïõ äéáôßèåíôáé
ãéá ôï X óôï &os;. Ç Ýííïéá <quote>ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí</quote>
ìðïñåß íá óçìáßíåé ïôéäÞðïôå, áðü Ýíáí áðëü äéá÷åéñéóôÞ ðáñáèýñùí ìÝ÷ñé
Ýíá ïëïêëçñùìÝíá ðáêÝôï desktop åöáñìïãþí, üðùò ôï
<application>KDE</application> Þ ôï
<application>GNOME</application>.</para>
<sect2 id="x11-wm-gnome">
<title>GNOME</title>
<sect3 id="x11-wm-gnome-about">
<title>Ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï GNOME</title>
<indexterm><primary>GNOME</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ôï <application>GNOME</application> åßíáé Ýíá öéëéêü ðñïò ôïí
÷ñÞóôç ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí êáé íá ñõèìßæïõí åýêïëá ôïõò õðïëïãéóôÝò ôïõò. Ôï
<application>GNOME</application> äéáèÝôåé Ýíá panel (ãéá
ôçí åêêßíçóç åöáñìïãþí êáé ôçí ðñïâïëÞ êáôÜóôáóçò), åðéöÜíåéá
åñãáóßáò (üðïõ åìöáíßæïíôáé äåäïìÝíá êáé åöáñìïãÝò), Ýíá ðëÞèïò áðü
äéáäåäïìÝíá åñãáëåßá êáé åöáñìïãÝò, êáèþò êáé Ýíá óýíïëï
ôõðïðïéÞóåùí ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé óôéò åöáñìïãÝò íá óõíåñãÜæïíôáé ìåôáîý
ôïõò êáé íá äåß÷íïõí Ýíá óõíåðÝò ðåñéâÜëëïí åñãáóßáò. Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò
Üëëùí ëåéôïõñãéêþí óõóôçìÜôùí Þ ðåñéâÜëëoíôùí èá áéóèÜíïíôáé óáí
óôï óðßôé ôïõò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï ðáíßó÷õñï ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí ðïõ
ðáñÝ÷åé ôï <application>GNOME</application>. Ðåñéóóüôåñåò
ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï <application>GNOME</application> óôï
&os; ìðïñïýí íá âñåèïýí óôï äéáäéêôõáêü ôüðï ôïõ <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome">&os; GNOME Project</ulink>. Ç
ôïðïèåóßá ðåñéÝ÷åé åðßóçò êáé áíáëõôéêÜ FAQs ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí
åãêáôÜóôáóç, ôçí ñýèìéóç, êáé ôçí äéá÷åßñéóç ôïõ
<application>GNOME</application>.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="x11-wm-gnome-install">
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ GNOME</title>
<para>Ôï <application>GNOME</application> ìðïñåß íá åãêáôáóôáèåß
åýêïëá áðü ðáêÝôá Þ áðü ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports:</para>
<para>Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï Ýôïéìï ðáêÝôï ôïõ
<application>GNOME</application> áðü ôï äßêôõï, áðëþò
ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r gnome2</userinput></screen>
<para>Ãéá íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï <application>GNOME</application> áðü
ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>Ôï <application>GNOME</application> ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôï óýóôçìá
áñ÷åßùí <filename>/proc</filename> ãéá íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óùóôÜ.
ÐñïóèÝóôå ôç ãñáììÞ</para>
<programlisting>proc /proc procfs rw 0 0</programlisting>
<para>óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> ãéá íá ãßíåôáé
áõôüìáôá ðñïóÜñôçóç ôïõ &man.procfs.5; êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>
<para>Ìüëéò åãêáôáóôáèåß ôï <application>GNOME</application>, èá
ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìéóôåß ï äéáêïìéóôÞò X þóôå íá åêêéíåß ôï
<application>GNOME</application> áíôß ãéá ôïí ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíï
äéá÷åéñéóôÞ ðáñáèýñùí.</para>
<para>Ï åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá åêêéíÞóåôå ôï
<application>GNOME</application> åßíáé ìå ôï
<application>GDM</application>, ôïí GNOME Display Manager.
Ôï <application>GDM</application> åãêáèßóôáôáé ùò ìÝñïò
ôïõ <application>GNOME</application>, áëëÜ åßíáé áíåíåñãü
áñ÷éêÜ. Ìðïñåß íá åíåñãïðïéçèåß ìå ôçí ðñïóèÞêç ôçò
ãñáììÞò</para>
<programlisting>gdm_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>Ìüëéò êÜíåôå åðáíåêêßíçóç,
ôï <application>GDM</application> èá îåêéíÞóåé
áõôüìáôá.</para>
<para>Åðéðñüóèåôá, åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìï íá îåêéíïýí üëåò ïé õðçñåóßåò
ôéò ïðïßåò áðáéôåß ôï <application>GNOME</application>
ôáõôü÷ñïíá ìå ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ <application>GDM</application>.
Ãéá íá ãßíåôáé áõôü ðñïóèÝóôå ôç ãñáììÞ</para>
<programlisting>gnome_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>Ôï <application>GNOME</application> ìðïñåß åðßóçò íá îåêéíÞóåé
áðü ôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ñõèìßæïíôáò êáôÜëëçëá ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>.xinitrc</filename>.
Áí õðÜñ÷åé Þäç ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>.xinitrc</filename>, áðëþò
áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôçí ãñáììÞ ðïõ åêêéíåß ôïí ôñÝ÷ïíôá äéá÷åéñéóôÞ
ðáñáèýñùí ìå ìßá ðïõ íá åêêéíåß ôï
<application>/usr/local/bin/gnome-session</application>.
Áí äåí èÝëåôå íá êÜíåôå ðåñéóóüôåñåò ñõèìßóåéò óôï áñ÷åßï,
÷ñåéÜæåôáé áðëÜ íá ãñÜøåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "/usr/local/bin/gnome-session" > ~/.xinitrc</userinput></screen>
<para>¸ðåéôá, ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå <command>startx</command>, êáé èá
îåêéíÞóåé ôï ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí ôïõ
<application>GNOME</application></para>
<note><para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéï ðáëáéüôåñï display manager,
üðùò ôï <application>XDM</application>, ôï ðáñáðÜíù äåí èá
ëåéôïõñãÞóåé. Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá åêôåëÝóéìï
áñ÷åßï <filename>.xsession</filename> ôï ïðïßï íá ðåñéÝ÷åé ôçí ßäéá
åíôïëÞ. ÔñïðïðïéÞóôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>.xsession</filename>
êáé áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ ôïõ ôñÝ÷ïíôïò äéá÷åéñéóôÞ ðáñáèýñùí
ìå ôï
<application>/usr/local/bin/gnome-session</application>:</para>
</note>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "#!/bin/sh" > ~/.xsession</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "/usr/local/bin/gnome-session" >> ~/.xsession</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>chmod +x ~/.xsession</userinput></screen>
<para>¶ëëç ìéá åðéëïãÞ åßíáé íá ñõèìéóôåß ï display manager þóôå íá
åðéôñÝðåé ôçí åðéëïãÞ ôïõ äéá÷åéñéóôÞ ðáñáèýñùí êáôÜ ôçí óýíäåóç.
Ôï ôìÞìá <link linkend="x11-wm-kde-details">ËåðôïìÝñåéåò KDE</link>
åîçãåß ðùò ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé áõôü ìÝóù ôïõ
<application>KDM</application>, ôïõ display manager ôïõ
<application>KDE</application>.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="x11-wm-kde">
<title>KDE</title>
<indexterm><primary>KDE</primary></indexterm>
<sect3 id="x11-wm-kde-about">
<title>Ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï KDE</title>
<para>Ôï <application>KDE</application> åßíáé Ýíá óýã÷ñïíï, åýêïëï óôç
÷ñÞóç, ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí. ÌåñéêÜ ðñÜãìáôá ðïõ ðñïóöÝñåé ôï
<application>KDE</application> óôïí ÷ñÞóôç åßíáé:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>¸íá üìïñöï óýã÷ñïíï ðåñéâÜëëïí</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>¸íá ðåñéâÜëëïí ìå ðëÞñç äéêôõáêÞ äéáöÜíåéá</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>¸íá åíóùìáôùìÝíï óýóôçìá âïÞèåéáò ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé åýêïëç,
óõíåðÞ ðñüóâáóç óôçí âïÞèåéá ãéá ôçí ÷ñÞóç ôïõ
<application>KDE</application> êáé ôùí åöáñìïãþí
ôïõ</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÓõíåðÞò åìöÜíéóç êáé óõìðåñéöïñÜ üëùí ôùí åöáñìïãþí ôïõ
<application>KDE</application></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÔõðïðïéçìÝíá menu êáé ãñáììÝò åñãáëåßùí (toolbars),
óõíäõáóìïß ðëÞêôñùí, ÷ñùìáôéêïß óõíäõáóìïß, êëð.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Äéåèíåßò ñõèìßóåéò: ôï <application>KDE</application>
äéáôßèåôáé óå ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü 55 ãëþóóåò</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Êåíôñéêü êáé óõíåðÝò óýóôçìá ñõèìßóåùí âáóéóìÝíï óå
äéáëüãïõò</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÌåãÜëï áñéèìü ÷ñÞóéìùí åöáñìïãþí, ó÷åäéáóìÝíùí åéäéêÜ ãéá ôï
<application>KDE</application></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ôï <application>KDE</application> óõíïäåýåôáé áðü Ýíáí
ðåñéçãçôÞ (browser) ðïõ ïíïìÜæåôáé
<application>Konqueror</application>, êáé áíôáãùíßæåôáé óïâáñÜ
ôïõò Üëëïõò ðåñéçãçôÝò ôùí óõóôçìÜôùí &unix;.
Ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôï <application>KDE</application>
ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå óôï <ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">KDE
website</ulink>. Ãéá ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÝò ìå ôï &os;
êáé ôï <application>KDE</application>, óõìâïõëåõèåßôå ôïí
äéáäéêôõáêü ôüðï ôïõ
<ulink url="http://freebsd.kde.org/">KDE/FreeBSD</ulink>.</para>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äéáèÝóéìåò äýï åêäüóåéò ôïõ
<application>KDE</application> ãéá ôï &os;. Ç ¸êäïóç
3, êõêëïöïñåß áñêåôü êáéñü êáé åßíáé áêüìá äéáèÝóéìç óôç ÓõëëïãÞ
ôùí Ports áí êáé äåí óõíôçñåßôáé ðëÝïí êáé ðáñïõóéÜæåé ðñïâëÞìáôá.
Ç Ýêäïóç 4 áíáíåþíåôáé óõíå÷þò êáé åßíáé ç ðñïåðéëïãÞ ôùí
÷ñçóôþí ôïõ <application>KDE</application>.
Ïé äýï áõôÝò åêäüóåéò ìðïñïýí êÜëéóôá íá óõíõðÜñ÷ïõí óôïí ßäéï
õðïëïãéóôÞ.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="x11-wm-kde-install">
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ KDE</title>
<para>¼ðùò êáé ìå ôï <application>GNOME</application> Þ êÜèå
Üëëï ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí, ôï ëïãéóìéêü ìðïñåß íá åãêáôáóôáèåß åýêïëá
ìÝóù ðáêÝôùí Þ áðü ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports:</para>
<para>Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï <application>KDE 3</application> ìÝóù
ðáêÝôùí áðü ôï äßêôõï, áðëþò ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r kde</userinput></screen>
<para>Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï <application>KDE 4</application> ìÝóù
ðáêÝôùí áðü ôï äßêôõï, áðëþò ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r kde4</userinput></screen>
<para>Ôï &man.pkg.add.1; èá áíáêôÞóåé áõôüìáôá ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç
ôçò åöáñìïãÞò.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï <application>KDE 3</application> áðü
ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/kde3</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>Ãéá íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï <application>KDE 4</application> áðü
ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/kde4</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>Áöïý åãêáôáóôáèåß ôï <application>KDE</application>,
èá ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìéóôåß ï äéáêïìéóôÞò X þóôå íá ôï åêêéíåß áíôß ãéá
ôïí ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíï äéá÷åéñéóôÞ ðáñáèýñùí. Áõôü ãßíåôáé ìå ôçí
áëëáãÞ ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ <filename>.xinitrc</filename>:</para>
<para>Ãéá ôï <application>KDE 3</application>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "exec startkde" > ~/.xinitrc</userinput></screen>
<para>Ãéá ôï <application>KDE 4</application>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "exec /usr/local/kde4/bin/startkde" > ~/.xinitrc</userinput></screen>
<para>Ôþñá, üðïôå ôï X Window System åêêéíåßôáé ìÝóù ôïõ
<command>startx</command>, ôï ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí èá åßíáé ôï
<application>KDE</application>.</para>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéï display manager üðùò ôï
<application>XDM</application>, ç ñýèìéóç åßíáé ëßãï
äéáöïñåôéêÞ. Èá ðñÝðåé áíôß ãéá ôï <filename>.xinitrc</filename> íá
ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå ôï <filename>.xsession</filename>. Ïäçãßåò ãéá ôï
<application>KDM</application> äßíïíôáé áñãüôåñá óôï êåöÜëáéï
áõôü.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="x11-wm-kde-details">
<title>Ðåñéóóüôåñåò ËåðôïìÝñåéåò ãéá ôï KDE</title>
<para>Ôþñá ðïõ ôï <application>KDE</application> Ý÷åé åãêáôáóôáèåß óôï
óýóôçìá, ìðïñåßôå íá áíáêáëýøåôå ôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåéôïõñãßåò ìÝóù
ôùí óåëßäùí âïÞèåéáò Þ äïêéìÜæïíôáò ìåíïý êáé åðéëïãÝò. Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò
ôùí &windows; ç ôïõ &mac; èá áéóèÜíïíôáé óáí óôï óðßôé ôïõò.</para>
<para>Ç êáëýôåñç âïÞèåéá ãéá ôï <application>KDE</application> åßíáé ç
on-line ôåêìçñßùóç. Ôï <application>KDE</application>
óõíïäåýåôáé áðü ôïí äéêü ôïõ ðåñéçãçôÞ,
ôïí <application>Konqueror</application>, ðïëëÝò ÷ñÞóéìåò åöáñìïãÝò,
êáé áíáëõôéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç. Ôï õðüëïéðï áõôÞò ôçò åíüôçôáò
óõæçôÜ ôå÷íéêÜ èÝìáôá ðïõ åßíáé äýóêïëï íá áíáêáëõöèïýí ìå
äïêéìÝò.</para>
<sect3 id="x11-wm-kde-kdm">
<title>Ï KDE Display Manager</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>KDE</primary>
<secondary>display manager</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ï äéá÷åéñéóôÞò åíüò ðïëõ÷ñçóôéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò èÝëåé åíäå÷ïìÝíùò
ç óýíäåóç ôùí ÷ñçóôþí íá ãßíåôáé ìÝóù ãñáöéêïý ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò.
¼ðùò ðåñéãñÜøáìå ðñßí, ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ôï
<link linkend="x-xdm">XDM</link>. ¼ìùò, ôï
<application>KDE</application> ðåñéÝ÷åé ìéá
åíáëëáêôéêÞ åðéëïãÞ, ôï <application>KDM</application>, ôï ïðïßï
Ý÷åé ó÷åäéáóôåß íá åßíáé ðïßï åëêõóôéêü êáé ðáñÝ÷åé ðåñéóóüôåñåò
åðéëïãÝò êáôÜ ôç óýíäåóç. ÓõãêåêñéìÝíá, ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ìðïñïýí åýêïëá
íá åðéëÝîïõí (ìÝóù ìåíïý) ðïßï ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí
(<application>KDE</application>, <application>GNOME</application>,
Þ êÜðïéï Üëëï) èá åêôåëåóôåß ìåôÜ ôçí óýíäåóç ôïõò.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï <application>KDM</application>, èá
ðñÝðåé íá åðåîåñãáóôåßôå êÜðïéá áñ÷åßá, ôá ïðïßá åßíáé äéáöïñåôéêÜ
áíÜëïãá ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç ôïõ <application>KDE</application> ðïõ èá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå.</para>
<para>Ãéá ôï <application>KDE 3</application>, èá ðñÝðåé íá
ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åããñáöÞ ãéá ôï <literal>ttyv8</literal> óôï
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, üðùò öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>ttyv8 "/usr/local/bin/kdm -nodaemon" xterm on secure</programlisting>
<para>Ãéá ôï <application>KDE 4</application>, èá ðñÝðåé íá
ðñïóáñôÞóåôå ôï &man.procfs.5; êáé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå
ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>kdm4_enable="YES"</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="x11-wm-xfce">
<title>Xfce</title>
<sect3 id="x11-wm-xfce-about">
<title>Ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï Xfce</title>
<para>Ôï <application>Xfce</application> åßíáé Ýíá ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí
ðïõ óôçñßæåôáé óôçí âéâëéïèÞêç GTK+ ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé êáé áðü ôï
<application>GNOME</application>, áëëÜ åßíáé ðïëý ðéï åëáöñý êáé
ðñïïñßæåôáé ãéá üóïõò èÝëïõí Ýíá áðëü, áðïôåëåóìáôéêü ãñáöéêü
ðåñéâÜëëïí ðïõ åßíáé åýêïëï íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß êáé íá ñõèìéóôåß.
ÏðôéêÜ, ìïéÜæåé ðïëý ìå ôï <application>CDE</application>, ðïõ
óõíáíôÜôáé óå åìðïñéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá &unix;.
ÌåñéêÜ áðü ôá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ ôïõ <application>Xfce</application>
åßíáé:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>¸íá áðëü, åýêïëï óôçí ÷ñÞóç ãñáöéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÐëÞñùò ðáñáìåôñïðïéÞóéìï ìå ôï ðïíôßêé, ìå drag and
drop, êëð.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Êåíôñéêü panel ðáñüìïéï ìå ôïõ
<application>CDE</application>, ìå ìåíïý, ìéêñï-åöáñìïãÝò êáé
ðëÞêôñá åêêßíçóçò åöáñìïãþí</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÏëïêëçñùìÝíïò äéá÷åéñéóôÞò ðáñáèýñùí, äéá÷åéñéóôÞò
áñ÷åßùí, äéá÷åéñéóôÞò Þ÷ïõ, óõìâáôüôçôá ìå ôï
<application>GNOME</application>, êáé Üëëá</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Äõíáôüôçôá ÷ñÞóçò èåìÜôùí (themes, áöïý ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß
ôï GTK+)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÃñÞãïñï, åëáöñý êáé áðïôåëåóìáôéêü: éäáíéêü ãéá
ðáëáéüôåñá/ðéï áñãÜ ìç÷áíÞìáôá Þ ìç÷áíÞìáôá ìå ëßãç
ìíÞìç</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôï <application>Xfce</application>
ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå óôç <ulink url="http://www.xfce.org/">äéêôõáêÞ
ôïðïèåóßá ôïõ Xfce</ulink>.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="x11-wm-xfce-install">
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ Xfce</title>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷åé (ôçí þñá ðïõ ãñÜöïíôáé áõôÝò ïé ãñáììÝò) Ýôïéìï ðáêÝôï
ãéá ôï <application>Xfce</application>. Ãéá íá ôï åãêáôáóôÞóåôå,
áðëþò ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r xfce4</userinput></screen>
<para>ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, ãéá íá ôï ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá,
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>Ôþñá, ðåßôå óôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ X íá åêêéíÞóåé ôï
<application>Xfce</application> ôçí åðüìåíç öïñÜ ðïõ èá ãßíåé
åêêßíçóç ôïõ ãñáöéêïý ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò. Áðëþò ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå ôï
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "/usr/local/bin/startxfce4" > ~/.xinitrc</userinput></screen>
<para>Ôçí åðüìåíç öïñÜ ðïõ èá åêêéíÞóåôå ôï ×, èá åìöáíéóôåß ôï
<application>Xfce</application>. ¼ðùò êáé ðñïçãïõìÝíùò, áí
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéï display manager üðùò ôï
<application>XDM</application>, äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï
<filename>.xsession</filename>, üðùò ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôçí ðáñÜãñáöï
ôïõ <link linkend="x11-wm-gnome">GNOME</link>, áëëÜ
ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ <filename>/usr/local/bin/startxfce4</filename>,
Þ ñõèìßóôå ôïí display manager íá åðéôñÝðåé
ôçí åðéëïãÞ ãñáöéêïý ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò, üðùò ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôçí ðáñÜãñáöï
ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï <link linkend="x11-wm-kde-kdm">kdm</link>.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
