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<title>éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/i386 5.4-RELEASE</title>
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<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/i386
5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">ðÒÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 ðÒÏÅËÔ
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
<hr />
</div>
<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ ËÒÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/i386 5.4-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÕÄÅÌÅÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. ðÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ÐÏ
ÒÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ É ÞÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÕÄÅÌÅÎÏ
ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE É ÎÁÞÁÌÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. çÌÁ×Á <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
target="_top">``õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
FreeBSD</a> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ
ÐÏÛÁÇÏ×ÕÀ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÁÃÉÑÍÉ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">òÁÚÄ.
3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. ðÅÒÅÄ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏÒ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×,
ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ; ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×
(ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ, ÓÐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
Documentation ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
<p>ïÎ-ÌÁÊÎ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ ðÒÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</p>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÐÏÔÒÁÞÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ,
ÏËÕÐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏËÒÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍÌÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
<p>äÁÖÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅÕÄÁÞÅ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÌÉÓØ Ó
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">òÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ
ÒÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ÕÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÀ ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
ÖÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÐÏÔÅÒÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> ÐÒÉ ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍÕ ÍÅÎÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ôÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÍÕ
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD ÄÌÑ i386 ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ 486 ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÉÌÉ ×ÙÛÅ (ÈÏÔÑ Ó
ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁÈ 386), ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 24 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ
ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 150MB Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÖÅÓÔËÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ
ÄÌÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÉÖÅ ÄÁÎÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÒÅÚÁÎÉÀ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS ÄÌÑ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ
ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍÕ FreeBSD.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
<p>÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ
ÄÉÓËÅÔ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÔÒÅÈ) ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ËÒÁÔËÏ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÁË
ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÇÏ CDROM ÉÌÉ ÉÚ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ × ÏÂÝÅÍ
ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÅÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ CDROM, ÜÔÏÔ
ÛÁÇ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÐÕÝÅÎ.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË Ó CDROM ÉÌÉ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ
ÄÉÓËÅÔ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> (ÄÌÑ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</p>
<p>ðÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ. úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/boot.flp</tt> É ×ÓÅ
<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/kern<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> Ó <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> ÉÌÉ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÚÅÒËÁÌ, ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÈ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
target="_top">FTP ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ</a> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÉÌÉ, ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ <a
href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</p>
<p>÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÞÉÓÔÙÈ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ É ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÚ <tt
class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ, Á <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ. üÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> DOS ÆÁÊÌÙ. ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS ÉÌÉ UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÏ×
ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <tt class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> ÐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
<tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÎÁ CDROM ÉÌÉ ÎÁ FTP ÚÅÒËÁÌÁÈ FreeBSD) ÉÌÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> × UNIX.</p>
<p>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Ó ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÏÄ DOS, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">C></samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdimage boot.flp a:</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ <tt class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> É <tt
class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ. äÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <tt
class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ
ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÙ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ UNIX, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ÉÌÉ</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ÉÌÉ</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy</kbd>
</pre>
<p>× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÀÝÅÇÏÓÑ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ UNIX
ÐÏ-ÒÁÚÎÏÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÕÀÔ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
FreeBSD Ó CDROM ÉÌÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ</a></h3>
<p>ðÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó CDROM. åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM É
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Á ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ ``CDBOOT'' ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ CDROM É ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ Ó CD
×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ
ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ.
1.3</a> Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÐÏÄ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ. úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏÒÅ ÎÁÞÎÅÔÓÑ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ CDROM (ÉÌÉ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ Ó CDROM), ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ PPP, SLIP ÉÌÉ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.
îÁÞÎÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <tt
class="FILENAME">floppies/boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/kern<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ × <a
href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>. ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ÄÉÓË <tt
class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>; ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ.
ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FTPNFS">òÁÚÄ. 1.5.5</a> Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÉÌÉ NFS.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN209" name="AEN209">1.5. äÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ
ÔÉÐÁÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
<p>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÜËÒÁÎ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ
ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÒÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÉÚ ÐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂÝÉÅ
ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÌÉÓØ Ó ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ <b
class="KEYCAP">F1</b> ÄÌÑ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎÌÁÊÎ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÒÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÉ FreeBSD, ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÉ,
ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÐÕÎËÔÏ× ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏÞÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
ÞÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ``Express'' ÉÌÉ ``Custom''. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÅ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ``Upgrade''.</p>
<p>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× DOS, NFS, UFS, ÌÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ; ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN248" name="AEN248">1.5.1. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ CDROM, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <a
href="#START-INSTALLATION">òÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓÌÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ: ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ (ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
</pre>
<p>îÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÇÄÅ ×Ù ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
ÒÅÌÉÚÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÔÉÐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ <tt
class="LITERAL">FTP</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÌÀÂÏÍÕ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (ÉÌÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÏ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS ÄÌÑ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÁ
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÆÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÇÄÅ
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM). ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ <tt
class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
/cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com
</pre>
<p>ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó CDROM ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, É ÅÓÌÉ
×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ÌÕÞÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏÒ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÓ, ÐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÔÅ
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ. ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÞÁÓÔØ ÐÒÏÛÌÁ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
<tt class="FILENAME"><tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt> ×
ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÕÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <tt
class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN280" name="AEN280">1.5.2. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÉÌÉ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
<p>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">òÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ``Distribution Format'', ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ, ÓÔÏÌØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ
×ÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏÌÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÕÖÅ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ,
ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ, ÓÔÁÌÉ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ. ðÅÒÅÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ
Õ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÄÌÑ
ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÌÑ DOS ÉÌÉ UFS, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÙ.
æÁÊÌÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÌÓÑ
ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁÊÌ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
× ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ. ðÒÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁÊÌ <tt
class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏÌÖÅÎ</i></span> ÐÏÍÅÝÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
ÎÁÂÏÒÁ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜËÒÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN320" name="AEN320">1.5.3. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS</a></h4>
<p>äÌÑ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ Ë ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ MS-DOS ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÉÚ
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">FREEBSD</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ DOS (<tt
class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>). îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ Ó CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">C:\></samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD C:\FREEBSD</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">C:\></samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ CD.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS (É ÄÌÑ
ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt
class="FILENAME">C:\FREEBSD</tt> -- ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÜÔÏ <tt
class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
<p>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ É
×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ``DOS'' × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÉÄÅÔ ×ÒÅÍÑ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN345" name="AEN345">1.5.4. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ÌÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
<p>ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÌÅÎÔÙ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <tt
class="COMMAND">tar</tt> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÌÅÎÔÕ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></kbd>
</pre>
<p>ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ) ÄÌÑ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÌÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÌÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ ÈÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ËÉ
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÌÅÎÔÕ.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ:</b> äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÌÅÎÔÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÁ × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁÞÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
ÐÒÉÓÔÕÐÁÊÔÅ Ë ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÉÌÉ
NFS</a></h4>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ
ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ 3 ÔÉÐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ, ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ
ÐÏÒÔ ÉÌÉ Ethernet.</p>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN370" name="AEN370">1.5.5.1. ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ</a></h5>
<p>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅÌØ ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ÐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÕ ÉÌÉ ÉÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ
ÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
<p>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÒÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ PPP ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÅ
ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, ÅÓÌÉ
ÏÎ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÔÁËÕÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ
ÜÍÕÌÑÔÏÒ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN376" name="AEN376">1.5.5.2. ðÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ</a></h5>
<p>åÓÌÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ FreeBSD ÉÌÉ Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÓÔÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅÌØ. óËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÕÀ
ÌÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ. ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ'' IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÒÉ PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ RFC 1918 ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÃÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <tt
class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ PLIP, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ <code class="OPTION">link0</code> ×
ÏËÎÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ÐÏÌÅ ``extra options for ifconfig'', ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ
Ó ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÁÞÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏÍ Linux.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN387" name="AEN387">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
<p>FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁÒÔ Ethernet; ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ
ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁÒÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ ÉÌÉ ×
ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
ËÁÒÔ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁÒÔ ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄÕ'' ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÍÁÓËÕ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
ÐÏÄÏÊÄÕÔ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
IP ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÛÌÀÚÁ (ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ). åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó FTP ÞÅÒÅÚ HTTP
ÐÒÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÒÏËÓÉ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÐÏÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÐÅÒÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
ÔÉÐÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÉÌÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓÌÕÛÁÔØ
ÌÅËÃÉÀ ÏÔ ÒÁÓÓÅÒÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ.</p>
<p>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÌÉ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÔÉÐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS ÉÌÉ FTP.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN397" name="AEN397">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ
NFS</a></h5>
<p>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
ËÕÄÁ-ÌÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ É ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÂÏÒÅ NFS ÔÉÐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ ``ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
ÜÔÏ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁÒÔÁ ÐÌÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÏÞÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÆÌÁÇ × Options.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS, ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓÌÉ
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÔØ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> ÉÌÉ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
<p>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <code class="OPTION">-alldirs</code>. äÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NFS ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ <tt class="LITERAL">Permission
Denied</tt>, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN414" name="AEN414">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ
FTP</a></h5>
<p>FTP ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ Ó ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅÒËÁÌÉÒÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ
×ÅÒÓÉÀ FreeBSD. ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÒÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉÒÁ,
ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË, ÉÌÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ÐÕÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ
``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÉÌÉ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×ÒÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/4.2-RELEASE
</pre>
<p>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÔÉÐÁ FTP ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ
ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÏ×, ÎÏ ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ. åÓÌÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ
ÜÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FTP Passive: õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ``ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ÒÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ,
ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÙÍ
ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FTP ÞÅÒÅÚ HTTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP ÄÌÑ
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÒÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ. ðÒÏËÓÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ É
ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ FTP. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÙ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ HTTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÐÒÏËÓÉ × ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ.</p>
<p>÷ ÒÅÄËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ URL
ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
</pre>
<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ FTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN436" name="AEN436">1.5.6. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ</a></h4>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ (Ô.Å. ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ VGA ËÁÒÔÙ), ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ:</p>
<div class="PROCEDURE">
<ol type="1">
<li class="STEP">
<p>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÌÀÂÏÊ ANSI (vt100) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ Ë
<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> ÐÏÒÔÕ PC, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
</li>
<li class="STEP">
<p>ïÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÕ (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ!) É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÉÌÉ
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ CDROM, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÉÐÁ ÉÍÅÀÝÅÇÏÓÑ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ, Ó
ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÏÊ.</p>
</li>
<li class="STEP">
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÕ ÏÐÑÔØ.
åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó CDROM, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ <a href="#HITSPACE">ÛÁÇ 5</a> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
ÓÉÇÎÁÌÏ×.</p>
</li>
<li class="STEP">
<p>ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. ðÏÓÌÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>. ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ, ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏÐÑÔØ <tt
class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
</li>
<li class="STEP"><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÃÉÆÒÕ <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
</pre>
<p>É ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅÌØ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ ÉÌÉ
ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á. ïÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÎÁ 9600 ËÂÉÔ, 8 ÂÉÔ, ÂÅÚ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ
ÞÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN466" name="AEN466">1.6. ÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
i386</a></h3>
<div class="QANDASET">
<dl>
<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÓÅ
ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ?</a></dt>
<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">íÏÇÕ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ
FreeBSD?</a></dt>
<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS?</a></dt>
<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ DOS ×
FreeBSD?</a></dt>
<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span
class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>® <span
class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>®?</a></dt>
<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</a></dt>
</dl>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ
ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÓÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>åÓÌÉ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ ÕÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ DOS É ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÎÅÔ ÉÌÉ
ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÏ! ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ <b
class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÁÑÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">tools/</tt>
FreeBSD CDROM ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ftp ÓÁÊÔÁÈ FreeBSD.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï DOS
ÎÁ Ä×Å ÞÁÓÔÉ, ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÑ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ É ÄÅÌÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÕÀ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÕÀ
ÞÁÓÔØ. óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÄÅÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <tt
class="FILENAME">DEFRAG</tt> ÉÚ DOS 6.xx ÉÌÉ <b class="APPLICATION">Norton Disk
Tools</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ FIPS. ïÎ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔ ×ÓÀ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD × ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ. õÞÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ FIPS ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ËÁË ``ËÌÏÎ'' ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS. îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ! ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS (ÕÂÅÄÉ×ÛÉÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ,
ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉ× ÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ).</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ îå ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ NTFS. äÌÑ
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÊ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË <b
class="APPLICATION">Partition Magic</b>. üÔÏ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ,
ÅÓÌÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ Windows ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó ÎÕÌÑ.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ DOS.
ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ Windows 95/98/ME FAT32.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> íÏÇÕ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ FreeBSD?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>îÅÔ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ËÁË <b
class="APPLICATION">Stacker</b>(tm) ÉÌÉ <b class="APPLICATION">DoubleSpace</b>(tm),
FreeBSD ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÕ ÞÁÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×Ù ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌÉ
ÎÅÓÖÁÔÏÊ. ïÓÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
(ÆÁÊÌ stacked/dblspaced!). <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ
ÆÁÊÌ</i></span>!</p>
<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÊ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÊ DOS ÒÁÚÄÅÌ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ
ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ DOS É FreeBSD, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>äÁ. òÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS ÉÍÅÎÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ``ÓÌÁÊÓÏ×'' FreeBSD, Ô.Å.
<tt class="DEVICENAME">D:</tt> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s5</tt>, <tt
class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> -- <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s6</tt> É Ô.Ä. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI 0. äÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
<tt class="LITERAL">da</tt> ÎÁ <tt class="LITERAL">ad</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. éÎÙÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ,
ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É ÌÀÂÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ DOS ÄÉÓËÉ, Ô.Å.:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</kbd>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ
DOS × FreeBSD?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>èÏÔÑ ÅÝÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÓÔÒÙÅ ÕÇÌÙ, ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=doscmd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">doscmd</span>(1)</span></a>,
ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ. ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD. åÓÌÉ
×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÎÁÄ ÜÔÏÊ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ, ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÉÓØÍÏ × <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-emulation" target="_top">óÐÉÓÏË
ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÊ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ×Ï FreeBSD</a> É ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÜÔÏÊ
ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ!</p>
<p>ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/pcemu/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/pcemu</tt></a> × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÔ 8088 É
BIOS ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ DOS. äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÅÍÕ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ X Window
System (XFree86).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>® <span
class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>®?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>.
ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/wine/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/wine</tt></a> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÄ FreeBSD,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × X
Windows (XFree86).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>÷ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÍÉÔÉÒÕÀÔ
``×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ'' É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ FreeBSD.
ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/bochs/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/bochs</tt></a> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ <span
class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, Linux É
ÄÁÖÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ËÏÐÉÑÍ FreeBSD ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÏËÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÇÏ ÓÔÏÌÁ FreeBSD. ðÏÒÔÙ/ÐÁËÅÔÙ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware2/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware2</tt></a> É <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware3/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware3</tt></a> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÅ
×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ VMware.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
<p>ôÉÐÉÞÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ ×
ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ, É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏÒÏ×):</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict kernel
ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc manpages
HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css packages
HARDWARE.TXT base compat22 filename.txt ports
INSTALL.HTM boot compat3x floppies proflibs
INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x games src
README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto info tools
</pre>
<p>ôÅ ÖÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ ÍÕÌØÔÉÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ, ÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ ÔÁÍ
ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÏ-ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ. äÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ
``live filesystem''. ïÎÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ ÐÒÉ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">òÁÚÄ. 4</a> ÚÁ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍÉ ÐÏ ÅÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ).</p>
<p>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓ ÄÌÑ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ Ó ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ (ÎÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ
ÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ. îÅÓÌÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏÒ 1.44í ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÓØ
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>), É
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM, FTP, ÉÌÉ NFS. ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ
ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ
ÒÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÉ FreeBSD, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ
(ÆÁÊÌ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ, ÉÌÉ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÏÂ
ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>æÁÊÌÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
æÁÊÌÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁÊÌÙ <tt
class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÙ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
ÌÀÂÙÍ ×Å ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇÕÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ × ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF ÉÌÉ PostScript.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ×Å ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒÁÍÉ ÄÌÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÍÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏÞÎÙÈ
ÕÐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁÊÌÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ ÉÌÉ
ÐÏÚÖÅ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>÷ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">òÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ
ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× É ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD. ðÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">packages</tt> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ðÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
<p>ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ËÁË ÌÀÂÏÊ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ É
ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÏËÏÌÏ 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁÌØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ
Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> ÉÌÉ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ <tt
class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ DOS ÄÌÑ
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅÔÒÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÏ× É Ô.Ð. üÔÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ
ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙ É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<br />
<p>ôÉÐÉÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎÕÔÒÉ
×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh
info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree
</pre>
<p>æÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓÕÍÍÙ MD5 ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÎÅ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎ ÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ. æÁÊÌÙ <tt
class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÕÐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
</pre>
<p>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ÞÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×ÌÅËÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
<p>æÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ. ðÒÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁÊÌ <tt
class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏÌÖÅÎ</i></span>
ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ!</p>
<p>æÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ,
ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓÕÍÍÙ MD5 ÄÌÑ <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× É ×
ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> ÄÌÑ
ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×. éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÔÒÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛÕ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</p>
<p>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏÞÅÔ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ
info Ó CDROM ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÕ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Ó ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
FreeBSD.</p>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÐÒÅÄÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ
ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">ÐÏÔÅÒÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ!
ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÂÅÚ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÊ ËÏÐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
ÆÁÊÌÏ×.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÕÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
×ÅÒÓÉÉ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
ÜÔÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ
ËÏÐÉÉ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁÒÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ
ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁÚÒÕÛÉÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ
ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ C++ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ (ÉÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ
×ÏÏÂÝÅ).</p>
<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÀÝÉÈÓÑ Ó
ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN695" name="AEN695">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
<p>ðÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÙ ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏÒÙ
ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ É ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ.</p>
<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁÍ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ, ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚÕÞÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN699" name="AEN699">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏÒ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
<p>ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÉÚ×ÌÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ
ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ. æÁÊÌÙ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÓÔÁÒÏÍÕ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Õ, ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
<p>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×:</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
<p>÷ÅÒÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
ÅÓÌÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ÌÕÞÛÁÑ
ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ×
ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
<p>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Õ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ
ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓÌÉ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN773" name="AEN773">3.2. ðÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ</a></h3>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁÌÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÕÄÅÌÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN776" name="AEN776">3.2.1. òÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÙ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÞÁÓÔÉÞÎÏÅ
ÉÌÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN779" name="AEN779">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
<p>úÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÓÏ ÓÐÉÓËÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
ðÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÔÏÞËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏÞËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN784" name="AEN784">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏÒ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×</a></h4>
<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏÒ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÎÅ ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ. ïÂÝÅÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÂÒÁÎ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ <tt
class="LITERAL">base</tt>, É <tt class="LITERAL">man</tt> ÅÓÌÉ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÕÖÅ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ. äÒÕÇÉÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÚÁÈÏÞÅÔ
ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN794" name="AEN794">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
<p>äÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅÌÌÅËÔÕÁÌØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ,
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÇÌÁ×Á òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
target="_top">îÁ ÐÅÒÅÄÎÅÍ ËÒÁÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ÐÅÒÅÓÂÏÒËÅ
FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á ÐÒÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE ÉÌÉ
-CURRENT.</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÙ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏ×ÌÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</a></h2>
<div class="SECT2">
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÐÃÉÀ ``fixit'' × ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
ïÐÃÉÑ ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
FreeBSD; ÜÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
FreeBSD. äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÌÉÂÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÖÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ËÁË É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ,
ÉÌÉ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË Ó ``live filesystem''. ÷ ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÁÈ FreeBSD, ÏÂÒÁÚ live
filesystem ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÐÙÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
UNIX.</p>
<p>åÓÔØ Ä×Á ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÒÅÖÉÍ fixit. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ FreeBSD, ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÕÎËÔÏÍ
``fixit'' ÉÚ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
úÁÔÅÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ ``CDROM/DVD''.</p>
<p>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó
ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÛÁÇÏ×. ÷ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍ <tt
class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ
<tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÞÔÏ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. óÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ
ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍ ÐÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÍÅÎÀ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÏÐÃÉÀ ``fixit'' ÉÚ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
úÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÏÐÃÉÀ ``Floppy'' É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ.</p>
<p>óÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ É ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÐÏÈÏÖÉ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÞÎÙ. ÷ ÏÂÅÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ
ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ Ó ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ÷ÅÒÓÉÑ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ live
filesystem ×ÅÓØ ÎÁÂÏÒ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD. îÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÐÏ ÏÂßÅÍÕ.</p>
<p>÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <tt
class="FILENAME">/stand</tt>, ÉÌÉ <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>. ÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÎÁ
ËÏÍÐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÔÅ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <tt
class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> ÉÌÉ <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/rescue</tt> (×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÉÚ live filesystem, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ × <tt
class="FILENAME">/mnt</tt>).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN839" name="AEN839">4.2. ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ
ÓÔÁÌËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ i386</a></h3>
<div class="QANDASET">
<dl>
<dt>4.2.1. <a href="#Q4.2.1.">íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ ÐÒÉ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ
ÓÔÒÁÎÎÏ ×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÅÂÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄ ÎÅ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.2. <a href="#Q4.2.2.">ISA ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑ×ÛÅÅÓÑ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ
FreeBSD, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ. þÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÉÌÏÓØ?</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.3. <a href="#Q4.2.3.">ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ñ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÀÓØ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ
ÄÉÓËÁ, ÑÄÒÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ É ÔÅÓÔÉÒÕÅÔ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅÍ
×ÉÄÁ:</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.4. <a href="#Q4.2.4.">ñ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
FreeBSD, ÎÏ Boot Manager ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ × ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ <tt class="LITERAL">F?</tt> É
ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.5. <a href="#Q4.2.5.">äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÛÅÌ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï É ÍÅÛÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ
ËÁÒÔÙ Intel EtherExpress.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.6. <a href="#Q4.2.6.">óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ËÁÒÔÕ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> ÎÏ Ñ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÀ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ device
timeout.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.7. <a href="#Q4.2.7.">ñ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÌ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÌÜÐÔÏÐ IBM ThinkPad (tm)
É ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.8. <a href="#Q4.2.8.">íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁÒÔÕ Intel EtherExpress
16.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.9. <a href="#Q4.2.9.">ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ EISA HP Netserver, ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ SCSI
ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ AIC-7xxx ÎÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.10. <a href="#Q4.2.10.">õ ÍÅÎÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Panasonic AL-N1 ÉÌÉ Rios Chandler
Pentium É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÞÁ× ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.11. <a href="#Q4.2.11.">õ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ CMD640 IDE ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ É ÏÎ ÎÅ
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.12. <a href="#Q4.2.12.">ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÎÁ ÎÏÕÔÂÕËÅ Compaq Aero, Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ
ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ``No floppy devices found! Please check ...''.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.13. <a href="#Q4.2.13.">ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ Dell Poweredge XE, RAID ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ Dell
DSA (Dell SCSI Array) ÎÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.14. <a href="#Q4.2.14.">õ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ IBM EtherJet PCI ËÁÒÔÁ, ÏÎÁ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span>, ÎÏ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏÒÙ ÎÁ ËÁÒÔÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÖÉÇÁÀÔÓÑ É
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÎÅÔ.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.15. <a href="#Q4.2.15.">ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÀ ÓÅÔØ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁ IBM
Netfinity 3500, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ.</a></dt>
<dt>4.2.16. <a href="#Q4.2.16.">ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË, ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÊ Mylex
PCI RAID ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, Ó ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅÍ <tt
class="LITERAL">read error</tt>).</a></dt>
</dl>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.1." name="Q4.2.1."></a><b>4.2.1.</b> íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ ÐÒÉ
ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÏ ×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÅÂÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄ ÎÅ
ÔÅÓÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>FreeBSD 5.0 É ×ÙÛÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ACPI ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ i386 ÄÌÑ
ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ. ë
ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ ACPI, ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÁÈ É BIOS ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
ÏÛÉÂËÉ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ACPI ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
``hint.acpi.0.disabled'' ÎÁ ÔÒÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
</pre>
<p>üÔÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÓÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ <tt
class="LITERAL">hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</tt> × ÆÁÊÌ <tt
class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>. äÁÌØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÕ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å FreeBSD.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.2." name="Q4.2.2."></a><b>4.2.2.</b> ISA ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑ×ÛÅÅÓÑ ×
ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ. þÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÉÌÏÓØ?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË matcd, ÂÙÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ. äÒÕÇÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ, ÎÏ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÙ,
ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×. óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ISA ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
ÐÏÐÁÄÁÀÔ × ÜÔÕ ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÀ É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÎÏ×Ø ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÔÒÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ: aha,
ahv, aic, bt, ed, cs, sn, ie, fe, le, É lnc. äÌÑ ÉÈ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË ×Ï
×ÒÅÍÑ 10-ÔÉ ÓÅËÕÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÓÞÅÔÁ É ××ÅÄÉÔÅ × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
unset hint.foo.0.disabled
</pre>
<p>ÇÄÅ <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>foo</i></tt> ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ. üÔÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ <tt
class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> É ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
``disabled''.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.3." name="Q4.2.3."></a><b>4.2.3.</b> ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ñ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚ
ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÀÓØ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÑÄÒÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ É ÔÅÓÔÉÒÕÅÔ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
Ó ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÉÄÁ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
changing root device to ad1s1a panic: cannot mount root
</pre>
<p>þÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË? þÔÏ Ñ ÍÏÇÕ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ?</p>
<p>þÔÏ ÚÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ <tt
class="LITERAL">bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name</tt>, ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÝÁÑÓÑ × boot
help?</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>üÔÏ ÄÁ×ÎÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÁÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÝÁÑ ÅÓÌÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. BIOS ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÈÅÍÕ ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÝÕÀÓÑ ÏÔ ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÉ
× FreeBSD, É ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ ÓÏÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÍÅÒÏ× -- ÓÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÚÁÄÁÞÁ.</p>
<p>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, FreeBSD ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÍÏÝØ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÇÏ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Å ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, É × ÏÂÅÉÈ ×ÁÍ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ FreeBSD ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ. óÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ,
ÕËÁÚÁ× ÎÏÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ × BIOS, ÔÉÐ ÄÉÓËÁ É ÎÏÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ × FreeBSD.</p>
<p>÷ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ Ä×Á IDE ÄÉÓËÁ, ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ËÁË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÎÁ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÛÉÎÅ
IDE, É ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÏ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ. BIOS ×ÉÄÉÔ ÉÈ ËÁË ÄÉÓË 0 É ÄÉÓË 1, Á
FreeBSD ×ÉÄÉÔ ÉÈ ËÁË <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad0</tt> <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad2</tt>.</p>
<p>FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ 1 ÐÏ ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÉ BIOS, ÔÉÐ <tt class="LITERAL">ad</tt> É
FreeBSD ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÑ ÄÉÓËÁ 2, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<kbd class="USERINPUT">1:ad(2,a)kernel</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÛÉÎÅ ÅÓÔØ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË, ×ÙÛÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ
ÎÅ ÎÕÖÅÎ (É ÎÅ×ÅÒÅÎ).</p>
<p>÷ÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÏ SCSI ÄÉÓËÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÌÉ
ÂÏÌÅÅ IDE ÄÉÓËÏ×. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ × FreeBSD ÍÅÎØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ × BIOS.
åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á IDE ÄÉÓËÁ É SCSI ÄÉÓË, × BIOS ÄÉÓË SCSI ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÄ ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ Ä×Á;
ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ <tt class="LITERAL">da</tt> É FreeBSD ÎÏÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÁ 0, Ô.Å.:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<kbd class="USERINPUT">2:da(0,a)kernel</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ FreeBSD, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ BIOS ÎÏÍÅÒ 2, Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÉÍÓÑ
ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ SCSI ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ IDE ÄÉÓË, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ
``1:''.</p>
<p>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÌÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÜÔÉ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË ÏÎÉ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÌÉÓØ, × ÆÁÊÌ <tt class="FILENAME">/boot.config</tt>,
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ. åÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÊ, FreeBSD
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ <tt
class="LITERAL">boot:</tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.4." name="Q4.2.4."></a><b>4.2.4.</b> ñ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ
ÄÉÓËÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, ÎÏ Boot Manager ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ × ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ <tt
class="LITERAL">F?</tt> É ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD ÇÅÏÍÅÔÒÉÑ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ × Partition editor ÂÙÌÁ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÁ
ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ. ÷ÅÒÎÉÔÅÓØ × Partition editor É ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÕÀ ÇÅÏÍÅÔÒÉÀ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.
÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD ÅÝÅ ÒÁÚ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÊ ÇÅÏÍÅÔÒÉÉ.</p>
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÕÀ ÇÅÏÍÅÔÒÉÀ, ×ÏÔ ÐÏÄÓËÁÚËÁ: ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÊ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÄÉÓËÁ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ FreeBSD ÐÏÓÌÅ ÎÅÇÏ. ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Õ×ÉÄÉÔ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÕÀ ÇÅÏÍÅÔÒÉÀ ÉÚ ÎÅÇÏ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</p>
<p>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ:</p>
<a id="AEN897" name="AEN897"></a>
<blockquote class="BLOCKQUOTE">
<p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ FreeBSD ÉÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÀ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×ÁÍ (×
ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ) ÎÅ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó DOS, Linux ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ×Ù
ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ (``A'' × ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×), ÜÔÏ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ, ËÏÇÄÁ FreeBSD ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË, ÏÔ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ
ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÄÏ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÓÅËÔÏÒÁ. ÷ÓÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ Ï ÇÅÏÍÅÔÒÉÉ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ, ÎÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÉ ÏÄÎÁ
ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.5." name="Q4.2.5."></a><b>4.2.5.</b> äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÛÅÌ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï É ÍÅÛÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ËÁÒÔÙ Intel EtherExpress.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ``hint.mcd.0.disabled="1"'' É ``hint.mcd.1.disabled="1"''
ÎÁ ÔÒÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× <tt
class="DEVICENAME">mcd0</tt> É <tt class="DEVICENAME">mcd1</tt>. ÷ÏÏÂÝÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.6." name="Q4.2.6."></a><b>4.2.6.</b> óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ËÁÒÔÕ <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> ÎÏ Ñ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÀ
ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ device timeout.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ËÁÒÔÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÎÁ ÔÏÍ IRQ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <tt
class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>. äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ed ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
``ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÕÀ'' ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ (ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ××ÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ EZSETUP × DOS), ÎÏ ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÕÀ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕËÁÖÅÔÅ <tt class="LITERAL">-1</tt> × ÈÉÎÔÁÈ
ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ.</p>
<p>éÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÙÞËÕ ÎÁ ËÁÒÔÅ ÄÌÑ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË (ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
ÑÄÒÁ ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ), ÉÌÉ ÚÁÄÁÊÔÅ IRQ <tt class="LITERAL">-1</tt> ÐÕÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
``hint.ed.0.irq="-1"''. üÔÏ ÕËÁÖÅÔ ÑÄÒÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÕÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ.</p>
<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ×ÁÛÁ ËÁÒÔÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ IRQ 9, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ Ó IRQ 2, ÞÔÏ
ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ (ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ VGA ËÁÒÔÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ IRQ 2!). ÷Ù ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ IRQ 2 ÉÌÉ 9 ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.7." name="Q4.2.7."></a><b>4.2.7.</b> ñ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÌ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ
ÌÜÐÔÏÐ IBM ThinkPad (tm) É ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>óÔÁÒÙÅ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÙ IBM ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×Ù
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÕ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ (atkbd0) ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ × ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÊ ÎÁ
ThinkPad. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hint.atkbd.0.flags="4"'' É ×ÓÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÚÁÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.8." name="Q4.2.8."></a><b>4.2.8.</b> íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁÒÔÕ
Intel EtherExpress 16.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ËÁÒÔÕ Intel EtherExpress 16 ÎÁ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ Ó
ÁÄÒÅÓÁ 0xD0000, É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÏÂßÅÍ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÍÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ × 32K ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÕÀ Intel
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ <tt class="FILENAME">softset.exe</tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.9." name="Q4.2.9."></a><b>4.2.9.</b> ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ EISA HP Netserver,
×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ SCSI ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ AIC-7xxx ÎÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>üÔÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ÏÎÁ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ. äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hw.eisa_slots="12"'' ÎÁ ÔÒÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ
ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.10." name="Q4.2.10."></a><b>4.2.10.</b> õ ÍÅÎÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Panasonic AL-N1
ÉÌÉ Rios Chandler Pentium É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÞÁ× ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>÷ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÎÅ ÐÏÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÏÄ <tt class="LITERAL">i586_copyout</tt> É <tt
class="LITERAL">i586_copyin</tt>. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hint.npx.0.flags="1"''.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.11." name="Q4.2.11."></a><b>4.2.11.</b> õ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ CMD640 IDE ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ
É ÏÎ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>FreeBSD ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏÔ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.12." name="Q4.2.12."></a><b>4.2.12.</b> ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÎÁ ÎÏÕÔÂÕËÅ
Compaq Aero, Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ``No floppy devices found! Please check ...''.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>Compaq ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÁÎÏÎÓÉÒÕÀÔ ÇÉÂËÉÊ ÄÉÓË ×
CMOS RAM ÎÏÕÔÂÕËÁ Aero. óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÁ ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅÔ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÈ
ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÏ×. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hint.fdc.0.flags="1"''. üÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÕ Ï
ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÁ (ËÁË 1.44 MB ÄÉÓË) ÂÅÚ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ Ë CMOS.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.13." name="Q4.2.13."></a><b>4.2.13.</b> ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ Dell Poweredge
XE, RAID ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ Dell DSA (Dell SCSI Array) ÎÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>îÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ DSA ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ AHA-1540 ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ EISA.
ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ FreeBSD ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔ DSA ËÁË Adaptec AHA-1540 SCSI ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ Ó irq 11 É ÐÏÒÔÏÍ
340. ÷ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ DSA RAID ÄÉÓËÉ, ÎÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ DSA, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÁÂÌÀÄÅÎÉÅ ÚÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ RAID.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.14." name="Q4.2.14."></a><b>4.2.14.</b> õ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ IBM EtherJet PCI
ËÁÒÔÁ, ÏÎÁ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span>, ÎÏ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏÒÙ ÎÁ ËÁÒÔÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÖÉÇÁÀÔÓÑ É
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÎÅÔ.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>íÙ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÍ ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÜÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ. IBM ÔÏÖÅ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔ (ÍÙ ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÌÉ ÉÈ). üÔÁ
ËÁÒÔÁ -- ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÁÑ Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 Ó ÎÁËÌÅÊËÏÊ IBM, É ÜÔÉ ËÁÒÔÙ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÉÍÐÔÏÍÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ IBM Netfinity
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ. åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ Ethernet ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.15." name="Q4.2.15."></a><b>4.2.15.</b> ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÀ ÓÅÔØ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁ IBM Netfinity 3500, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ.</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>üÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÍ Ethernet × Netfinity 3500, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÒÅÛÉÔØ
ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ SMP × ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ÷ÁÍ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ Ethernet ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ É ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÔÉÔØ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="QANDAENTRY">
<div class="QUESTION">
<p><a id="Q4.2.16." name="Q4.2.16."></a><b>4.2.16.</b> ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ
ÄÉÓË, ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÊ Mylex PCI RAID ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, Ó
ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅÍ <tt class="LITERAL">read error</tt>).</p>
</div>
<div class="ANSWER">
<p><b></b>üÔÏ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÅ Mylex, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ × BIOS
ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ÇÅÏÍÅÔÒÉÉ ``8GB''. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÒÅÖÉÍ 2GB.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
FreeBSD, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏÐÒÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ,</a> ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÐÉÓØÍÏ ×
<<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ <<a
href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏ
ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
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