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| author | Sergio Carlavilla Delgado <carlavilla@FreeBSD.org> | 2021-01-25 23:31:29 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Sergio Carlavilla Delgado <carlavilla@FreeBSD.org> | 2021-01-25 23:31:29 +0000 |
| commit | 989d921f5d4ac8d8b7c831c13b8954ad1901be24 (patch) | |
| tree | a5d768f9af4b55422fdf5b17064879ae1c7ce032 /website/content/en/releases/5.0R/relnotes-pc98.html | |
| parent | 0cff342f42461c5081b98bce7581f43df319e4f4 (diff) | |
| download | doc-989d921f5d4ac8d8b7c831c13b8954ad1901be24.tar.gz doc-989d921f5d4ac8d8b7c831c13b8954ad1901be24.zip | |
Migrate doc to Hugo/AsciiDoctor
I'm very pleased to announce the release of
our new website and documentation using
the new toolchain with Hugo and AsciiDoctor.
To get more information about the new toolchain
please read the FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer[1],
Hugo docs[2] and AsciiDoctor docs[3].
Acknowledgment:
Benedict Reuschling <bcr@>
Glen Barber <gjb@>
Hiroki Sato <hrs@>
Li-Wen Hsu <lwhsu@>
Sean Chittenden <seanc@>
The FreeBSD Foundation
[1] https://docs.FreeBSD.org/en/books/fdp-primer/
[2] https://gohugo.io/documentation/
[3] https://docs.asciidoctor.org/home/
Approved by: doceng, core
Diffstat (limited to 'website/content/en/releases/5.0R/relnotes-pc98.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | website/content/en/releases/5.0R/relnotes-pc98.html | 3640 |
1 files changed, 3640 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/5.0R/relnotes-pc98.html b/website/content/en/releases/5.0R/relnotes-pc98.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..582f0c2532 --- /dev/null +++ b/website/content/en/releases/5.0R/relnotes-pc98.html @@ -0,0 +1,3640 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> + <title>FreeBSD/pc98 5.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title> + <meta name="GENERATOR" + content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 " /> + <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> + </head> + + <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" + link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div class="ARTICLE"> + <div class="TITLEPAGE"> + <h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/pc98 + 5.0-RELEASE Release Notes</a></h1> + + <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3> + + <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, + 2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p> + + <p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: + src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v + 1.467.2.8 2003/01/14 18:12:51 roam Exp $<br /> + </p> + + <div> + <div class="ABSTRACT"> + <a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a> + + <p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE contain a + summary of recent changes made to the FreeBSD base + system on the 5-CURRENT development branch. Both + changes for kernel and userland are listed, as well as + applicable security advisories that were issued since + the last release. Some brief remarks on upgrading are + also presented.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + </div> + + <div class="TOC"> + <dl> + <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt> + + <dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt> + + <dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.1.1 <a href="#AEN401">Processor/Motherboard + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.2 <a href="#AEN439">Bootloader + Changes</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.3 <a href="#AEN462">Network Interface + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.4 <a href="#AEN727">Network + Protocols</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.5 <a href="#AEN908">Disks and + Storage</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.6 <a href="#AEN1150">Filesystems</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.7 <a href="#AEN1247">PCCARD + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.8 <a href="#AEN1270">Multimedia + Support</a></dt> + + <dt>2.1.9 <a href="#AEN1301">Contributed + Software</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>2.2 <a href="#SECURITY">Security-Related + Changes</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt> + + <dd> + <dl> + <dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN3866">Contributed + Software</a></dt> + + <dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN4323">Ports/Packages + Collection Infrastructure</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>2.4 <a href="#AEN4441">Release Engineering and + Integration</a></dt> + + <dt>2.5 <a href="#AEN4466">Documentation</a></dt> + </dl> + </dd> + + <dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases + of FreeBSD</a></dt> + </dl> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr /> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 + Introduction</a></h1> + + <p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD + 5.0-RELEASE on the NEC PC-98x1 hardware platform. It + describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of + FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on upgrading from + previous versions of FreeBSD.</p> + + <p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE is a release + distribution. It can be found at <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" + target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its + mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) + release distributions of FreeBSD can be found in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html" + target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" + target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr /> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's + New</a></h1> + + <p>This section describes many of the user-visible new or + changed features in FreeBSD since 4.0-RELEASE. It includes + items that are unique to the 5-CURRENT branch, as well as + some features that may have been recently merged to other + branches (after FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE). The later items are + marked as [MERGED].</p> + + <p>Typical release note items document new drivers or + hardware support, new commands or options, major bugfixes, + or contributed software upgrades. Applicable security + advisories issued after 4.6-RELEASE are also listed.</p> + + <p>Many additional changes were made to FreeBSD that are + not listed here for lack of space. For example, + documentation was corrected and improved, minor bugs were + fixed, insecure coding practices were audited and + corrected, and source code was cleaned up.</p> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr /> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.1 Kernel + Changes</a></h2> + + <p>Execution of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=a.out&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">a.out</span>(5)</span></a> format + executables now requires the <tt + class="LITERAL">COMPAT_AOUT</tt> option in the kernel + configuration or the loading of the <tt + class="FILENAME">aout.ko</tt> kernel module.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acct&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">acct</span>(2)</span></a> has been + changed to open the accounting file in append mode, so + that <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accton&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">accton</span>(8)</span></a> can be + used to enable accounting to an append-only file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Preliminary support for Bluetooth devices has been + added, in the form of a series of Netgraph modules (see + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bluetooth&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bluetooth</span>(4)</span></a>). + Two modules provide device driver support for Bluetooth + adapters: The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a> driver + supports the 3Com/HP Bluetooth PCCARD adapters, while the + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver + supports several USB Bluetooth adapters.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Bluetooth support in FreeBSD is a + work in progress.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>A new in-kernel cryptographic framework (see <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(9)</span></a>) has + been imported from OpenBSD. It provides a consistent + interface to hardware and software implementations of + cryptographic algorithms for use by the kernel and access + to cryptographic hardware for user-mode applications. + Hardware device drivers are provided to support + hifn-based cards (<a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a>) and + Broadcom-based cards (<a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a>). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> command + <tt class="COMMAND">show pcpu</tt> lists some of the + per-CPU data.</p> + + <p>A <tt class="FILENAME">devctl</tt> device has been + added to allow userland programs to learn when devices + come and go in the device tree. This facility is + primarily used by the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> + utility.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>, which + allows entries in the <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt> + directory to be built automatically and supports more + flexible attachment of devices, has been largely + reworked. <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> is now + enabled by default and can be disabled by the <tt + class="LITERAL">NODEVFS</tt> kernel option. A ``rule'' + subsystem permits the administrator to define certain + properties of new device nodes before they become visible + to the userland. Both static (e.g. <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/speaker</tt>) and dynamic (e.g. <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/bpf*</tt>, some removable devices) + nodes are supported. Each <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> mount + may have a different ruleset assigned to it, permitting + different policies to be implemented for things like + jails. Rules and rulesets are manipulated with the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(8)</span></a> + utility.</p> + + <p>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI + Xr-based and ISA Xem Digiboard cards. A new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digictl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">digictl</span>(8)</span></a> + program is (mainly) used to re-initialize cards that have + external port modules attached such as the PC/Xem. This + driver replaces the older dgm driver.</p> + + <p>An <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eaccess&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">eaccess</span>(2)</span></a> system + call has been added, similar to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=access&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">access</span>(2)</span></a> except + that the former uses effective credentials rather than + real credentials.</p> + + <p>Initial support has been added for FireWire devices + (see <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=firewire&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">firewire</span>(4)</span></a>). + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Each <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> + environment can now run under its own securelevel.</p> + + <p>The tunable sysctl variables for <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> have + moved from <tt class="VARNAME">jail.*</tt> to the <tt + class="VARNAME">security.*</tt> hierarchy. Other + security-related sysctl variables have moved from <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.security.*</tt> to <tt + class="VARNAME">security.*</tt>.</p> + + <p>The kernel environment is now dynamic, and can be + changed via the new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(2)</span></a> system + call.</p> + + <p>The labpc(4) driver has been removed due to + ``bitrot''.</p> + + <p>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named + <tt class="FILENAME">linker.hints</tt> in each directory + with KLDs for a module name and version to KLD filename + mapping. The new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldxref&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldxref</span>(8)</span></a> + utility is used to generate these files.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lomac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">lomac</span>(4)</span></a>, a + Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control security facility, + has been added as a kernel module. It provides a drop-in + security mechanism in addition to the traditional + UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional + configuration from the administrator. Work on this + feature was sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</p> + + <p>FreeBSD now supports an extensible Mandatory Access + Control framework, the TrustedBSD MAC Framework. It + permits loadable kernel modules to link to the kernel at + compile-time, boot-time, or run-time to augment the + system security policy. The framework permits modules to + express interest in a variety of events, and also + provides common security policy services such as label + storage. A variety of sample policy modules are shipped + in this release, including implementations of fixed and + floating label Biba integrity models, Multi-Level + Security (MLS) with compartments, and a number of + augmented UNIX security models including a file system + firewall. This feature will permit easier development and + maintenance of local and vendor security extensions. The + extensibility service is enabled by adding <tt + class="LITERAL">options MAC</tt> to the kernel + configuration.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The MAC framework is considered an + experimental feature in this release, and is not + enabled by default</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mutex&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mutex</span>(9)</span></a> + profiling code has been added, enabled by the <tt + class="LITERAL">MUTEX_PROFILING</tt> kernel configuration + option. It enables the <tt + class="VARNAME">debug.mutex.prof.*</tt> hierarchy of + sysctl variables.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">P1003_1B</tt> kernel option is + no longer used and has been removed.</p> + + <p>PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has been + added.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device + has been rewritten to use the <b + class="APPLICATION">Yarrow</b> algorithm. It harvests + entropy from a variety of interrupt sources, including + the console devices, Ethernet and point-to-point network + interfaces, and mass-storage devices. Entropy from the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device + is now periodically saved to files in <tt + class="FILENAME">/var/db/entropy</tt>, as well as at + shutdown time. The semantics of <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt> have changed; it never + blocks waiting for entropy bits but generates a stream of + pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly as <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/urandom</tt>.</p> + + <p>A new kernel option, <tt class="LITERAL">options + REGRESSION</tt>, enables interfaces and functionality + intended for use during correctness and regression + testing.</p> + + <p><tt class="LITERAL">RLIMIT_VMEM</tt> support has been + added. This feature defines a new resource limit that + covers a process's entire virtual memory space, including + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> space. + This limit can be configured in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=login.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">login.conf</span>(5)</span></a> via + the new <tt class="VARNAME">vmemoryuse</tt> variable. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendfile&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendfile</span>(2)</span></a> + system call, in which headers counted against the size of + the file to be sent, has been fixed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports keyboard-controlled pasting, by default + bound to <b class="KEYCAP">Shift</b>-<b + class="KEYCAP">Insert</b>.</p> + + <p>The uaudio driver, for USB audio devices, has been + added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The ubsa driver has been added to support the Belkin + F5U103 (and compatible) USB-to-serial adaptors.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucom</span>(4)</span></a> device + driver has been added, to support USB modems, serial + devices, and other programs that need to look like a tty. + The related <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvscom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvscom</span>(4)</span></a> drivers + provide specific support for FTDI serial adapters, the + Prolific PL-2303 serial adapter and the SUNTAC Slipper U + VS-10U, respectively. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>To increase security, the <tt + class="LITERAL">UCONSOLE</tt> kernel configuration option + has been removed.</p> + + <p>The UserConfig boot-time kernel configuration feature, + usually used to enable, disable, or configure ISA + devices, has been removed. Its functionality has been + replaced by the kernel hints file in <tt + class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">USER_LDT</tt> kernel option is + now activated by default.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a> driver + for connecting Handspring Visors via USB has been added. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been + added.</p> + + <p>The kernel crashdump infrastructure has been revised, + to support new platforms and in general clean up the + logic in the code. One implication of this change is that + the on-disk format for kernel dumps has changed, and is + now byte-order-agnostic.</p> + + <p>Extremely large swap areas (>67 GB) no longer panic + the system.</p> + + <p>Linker sets are now self-contained; gensetdefs(8) is + unnecessary and has been removed.</p> + + <p>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment + variables (such as tunables) at compile-time using <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt + class="LITERAL">ENV</tt> directive.</p> + + <p>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the <tt + class="VARNAME">vm.idlezero_enable</tt> sysctl + variable.</p> + + <p>The FreeBSD kernel scheduler now supports + Kernel-Scheduled Entities (KSEs), which provides support + for multiple threads of execution per process similar to + Scheduler Activations. At this point, the kernel has most + of the changes needed to support threading. The kernel + scheduler can schedule multiple threads per process, but + only on a single CPU at a time. More information can be + found in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kse&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kse</span>(2)</span></a>.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> KSE is a work in progress.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>The kernel now has support for multiple low-level + console devices. The new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a> + utility helps to manage the different consoles.</p> + + <p>The kernel memory allocator is now a slab memory + allocator, similar to that used in Solaris. This is a + SMP-safe memory allocator that has near-linear + performance as the number of CPUs increases. It also + allows for reduced memory fragmentation.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN401" name="AEN401">2.1.1 + Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3> + + <p>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating + code from BSD/OS 5.0. One of the main features of SMPng + (``SMP Next Generation'') is to allow more processes to + run in kernel, without the need for spin locks that can + dramatically reduce the efficiency of multiple + processors. Interrupt handlers now have contexts + associated with them that allow them to be blocked, + which reduces the need to lock out interrupts.</p> + + <p>Support for the 80386 processor has been removed + from the <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel, as + this code seriously pessimizes performance on other + IA32 processors. The <tt class="LITERAL">I386_CPU</tt> + kernel option to support the 80386 processor is now + mutually exclusive with support for other IA32 + processors; this should slightly improve performance on + the 80386 due to the elimination of runtime processor + type checks. Custom kernels that will run on the 80386 + can still be built by changing the CPU options in the + kernel configuration file to only include <tt + class="LITERAL">I386_CPU</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG</tt> + kernel configuration option has been added. Enabling + this option has been shown to dramatically improve + performance on VMWare client OS installs.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> This option is not compatible with + <tt class="LITERAL">SMP</tt> kernels.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN439" name="AEN439">2.1.2 + Bootloader Changes</a></h3> + + <p>The kernel and modules have been moved to the + directory <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>, so + they can be easily manipulated together. The boot + loader has been updated to make this change as seamless + as possible.</p> + + <p>The boot loader now supports loading kernels from + both UFS1 and UFS2 filesystems.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN462" name="AEN462">2.1.3 + Network Interface Support</a></h3> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports NICs based on the Xircom 3201 and Conexant + LANfinity RS7112 chips.</p> + + <p>The lmc driver has been added to support LAN Media + Corp WAN adapters based on the DEC ``Tulip'' PCI Fast + Ethernet controller.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a> driver + has been updated to version 3.02 and can now be built + as a module. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> device + is now clonable.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports true multicast filtering.</p> + + <p>Network devices now automatically appear as special + files in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/net</tt>. Interface + hardware ioctls (not protocol or routing) can be + performed on these devices. The <tt + class="VARNAME">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> ioctl may be performed + on the special <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/network</tt> + node.</p> + + <p>``Zero copy'' support has been added to the + networking stack. This feature can eliminate a copy of + network data between the kernel and userland, which is + one of the more significant bottlenecks in network + throughput. The send-side code should work with almost + any network adapter, while the receive-side code + requires a network adapter with an MTU of at least one + memory page size (for example, jumbo frames on Gigabit + Ethernet). For more information, see <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zero_copy&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">zero_copy</span>(9)</span></a>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN727" name="AEN727">2.1.4 + Network Protocols</a></h3> + + <p>A <tt class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> kernel option + now allows the IPsec implementation to use the kernel + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a> + framework, along with its support for hardware + cryptographic acceleration.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The <tt + class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> and <tt + class="LITERAL">IPSEC</tt> options are mutually + exclusive.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The <tt + class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> option is, at the + moment, not compatible with IPv6 or the <tt + class="LITERAL">INET6</tt> option.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> driver, + which can encapsulate IP packets using GRE (RFC 1701) + or minimal IP encapsulation for Mobile IP (RFC 2004), + has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>ICMP ECHO and TSTAMP replies are now rate limited. + TCP RSTs generated due to packets sent to open and + unopen ports are now limited by separate counters. Each + rate limiting queue now has its own description.</p> + + <p>ICMP Source Quench messages are no longer generated + for forwarded packets. The old behavior can be + re-enabled with the <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.sendsourcequench</tt> + sysctl variable.</p> + + <p>IP multicast now works on VLAN devices. Several + other bugs in the VLAN code have also been fixed.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> has + been re-implemented (the new version is commonly + referred to as ``IPFW2''). It now uses variable-sized + representation of rules in the kernel, similar to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bpf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bpf</span>(4)</span></a> + instructions. Most of the externally-visible behavior + (i.e. through <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>) should + be unchanged, although <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports <tt class="LITERAL">or</tt> connectives + between match fields. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_device&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_device</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph node type has been added, which creates a + device entry in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt>, to be + used as the entry point to a networking graph.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif</span>(4)</span></a> and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif_demux&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif_demux</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph nodes, for operating on <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> devices, + have been added.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ip_input&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ip_input</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph node, for queueing IP packets into the main IP + input processing code, has been added.</p> + + <p>A new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_l2tp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_l2tp</span>(4)</span></a> + netgraph node type, which implements the encapsulation + layer of the L2TP protocol as described in RFC 2661, + has been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new ng_split node type has been added for + splitting a bidirectional packet flow into two + unidirectional flows.</p> + + <p>The ephemeral port range used for TCP and UDP has + been changed to 49152-65535 (the old default was + 1024-5000). This increases the number of concurrent + outgoing connections/streams.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a> + protocol's retransmission timer can now be manipulated + with two sysctl variables, <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rexmit_min</tt> and <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rexmit_slop</tt>. The + default has been reduced from one second to 200ms + (similar to the Linux default) in order to better + handle hiccups over interactive connections and improve + recovery over lossy fast connections such as wireless + links.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a> protocol + now has the ability to dynamically limit the send-side + window to maximize bandwidth and minimize round trip + times. The feature can be enabled via the <tt + class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight_enable</tt> + sysctl. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN908" name="AEN908">2.1.5 + Disks and Storage</a></h3> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + (along with <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a>) now + supports writing to media in DVD+RW drives.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports accessing ATA devices as SCSI devices via + the CAM layer and drivers (<a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=da&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">da</span>(4)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=st&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">st</span>(4)</span></a>, and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pass</span>(4)</span></a>). This + feature requires <tt class="LITERAL">device + atapicam</tt> in the kernel configuration. More + information can be found in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atapicam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">atapicam</span>(4)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now has support for the Sil 0680 and VIA 8233/8235 + controllers. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now has support for the Acard ATP850, ATP860, and + ATP865 controllers.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver + is now supported on the pc98 platform.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports the same <tt + class="LITERAL">CDRIOCREADSPEED</tt> and <tt + class="LITERAL">CDRIOCWRITESPEED</tt> ioctls that the + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a> driver + uses for setting the speed of CDROM access.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=targ&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">targ</span>(4)</span></a> driver + has been rewritten and a new usermode has been added to + <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/share/examples/scsi_target</tt> + that emulates a direct access device.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a> floppy + disk driver has undergone a number of enhancements. + Density selection for common settings is now automatic; + the driver is also much more flexible in setting the + densities of various subdevices.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> disk + I/O request transformation framework has been added; + this extensible framework is designed to support a wide + variety of operations on I/O requests on their way from + the upper kernel to the device drivers.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> GEOM-enabled kernels no longer + support ``compatability slices''. This feature + (supported on the i386 and pc98 only) allowed a + user to refer to a disk partition without + specifying an MBR slice (e.g. <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0a</tt>); the kernel would + automatically find the first applicable FreeBSD + slice and use it. On GEOM-enabled kernels (the + default), only the full partition names (e.g. <tt + class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s1a</tt>) are allowed when + referring to partitions within MBR slices. This + change should affect very few users.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>A GEOM Based Disk Encryption module has been added. + It provides denial of access to ``cold disks'', with + four different cryptographic barriers and up to four + changeable pass-phrases. Much more information can be + found in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(4)</span></a> manual + page. The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(8)</span></a> + userland utility provides an operation and management + interface to this module. This feature is not enabled + by default; it requires <tt class="LITERAL">options + GEOM_BDE</tt> to be added to a kernel configuration + file.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> This feature should be considered + experimental.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver + is now proactive about discovering Fibre Channel + topology changes.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver + now supports target mode for Qlogic SCSI cards, + including Ultra2 and Ultra3 and dual bus cards.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a> driver + has been removed after falling into a state of + disrepair in the source tree and because of concerns + over its licensing terms. These issues are currently + being addressed and this driver may reappear in future + versions of FreeBSD. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a>, the + memory disk device, has had the functionality of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> + incorporated into it. <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> devices + can now be configured by <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> has been + removed. The Memory Filesystem (MFS) has also been + removed.</p> + + <p>The mpt driver, for supporting the LSI Logic + Fusion/MP architecture Fiber Channel controllers, has + been added. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The RAIDframe disk driver has been imported from + NetBSD. This driver provides software-based RAID 0, 1, + 4, and 5 capabilities, as well as other functionality. + More information can be found in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raid&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">raid</span>(4)</span></a> driver + manual page. The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raidctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">raidctl</span>(8)</span></a> + utility is used to configure and unconfigure disk + arrays. This feature is not enabled by default, and + requires <tt class="LITERAL">device raidframe</tt> to + be configured into a kernel.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> This feature should be considered + experimental.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p>Some problems in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sa</span>(4)</span></a> error + handling have been fixed, including the ``tape drive + spinning indefinitely upon <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mt</span>(1)</span></a> <tt + class="OPTION">stat</tt>'' problem.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="VARNAME">SCSI_DELAY</tt> + configuration parameter can now be set at boot time and + runtime via the <tt + class="VARNAME">kern.cam.scsi_delay</tt> + tunable/sysctl.</p> + + <p>The trm driver has been added to support SCSI + adapters using the Tekram TRM-S1040 SCSI chipset. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1150" name="AEN1150">2.1.6 + Filesystems</a></h3> + + <p>Support for named extended attributes has been added + to the FreeBSD kernel. This allows the kernel, and + appropriately privileged userland processes, to tag + files and directories with attribute data. Extended + attributes were added to support the TrustedBSD + Project, in particular ACLs, capability data, and + mandatory access control labels (see <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.extattr</tt> + for details).</p> + + <p>A filesystem snapshot capability has been added to + FFS. Details can be found in <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</tt>.</p> + + <p>When running with Soft Updates, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=statfs&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">statfs</span>(2)</span></a> and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> will + track the number of blocks and files that are committed + to being freed.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kernfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kernfs</span>(5)</span></a> is + obsolete and has been retired.</p> + + <p>Client-side NFS locks have been implemented.</p> + + <p>The client-side and server-side of the NFS code in + the kernel used to be intertwined in various complex + ways. They have been split apart for ease of + maintenance and further development.</p> + + <p>Support for filesystem Access Control Lists (ACLs) + has been introduced, allowing more fine-grained control + of discretionary access control on files and + directories. This support was integrated from the + TrustedBSD Project. More details can be found in <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.acls</tt>.</p> + + <p>For consistency, the fdesc, fifo, null, msdos, + portal, umap, and union filesystems have been renamed + to fdescfs, fifofs, msdosfs, nullfs, portalfs, umapfs, + and unionfs. Where applicable, modules and mount_* + programs have been renamed. Compatibility ``glue'' has + been added to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> so + that <tt class="LITERAL">msdos</tt> filesystem entries + in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a> will + work without changes.</p> + + <p>pseudofs, a pseudo-filesystem framework, has been + added. <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a> + and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> have + been modified to use pseudofs.</p> + + <p>Network filesystems (such as NFS and smbfs + filesystems) listed in <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> can now be properly + mounted during startup initialization; their mounts are + deferred until after the network is initialized.</p> + + <p>Read-only support for the Universal Disk Format + (UDF) has been added. This format is used on + packet-written CD-RWs and most commercial DVD-Video + disks. The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_udf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_udf</span>(8)</span></a> + command can be used to mount these disks.</p> + + <p>Basic support has been added for the UFS2 + filesystem. Among the new features of UFS2:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>The inode has been expanded to 256 bytes to make + space for 64-bit block pointers.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>A file-creation time field has been added.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>A native extended attributes implementation has + been added, permitting total attribute size stored + on an inode to be up to twice the filesystem block + size. This storage is used for Access Control Lists + and MAC labels, but may also be used by other + system extensions and user applications.</p> + </li> + </ul> + UFS1 remains the default on-disk format, although UFS2 + can be selected as an option in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> or via + the partitioning screen in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>. + 64-bit platforms can boot from UFS2 root + filesystems.<br /> + <br /> + + <p>To support new features mentioned in this section, + minor changes have been made to the format of the UFS1 + superblock. These changes may create some compatability + problems when a system older than FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE + attempts to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> or <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> a local + UFS1 filesystem created by FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE or + later. FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE and later are fully + compatible. This situation typically arises on a + dual-boot machine with multiple versions of FreeBSD + installed.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1247" name="AEN1247">2.1.7 + PCCARD Support</a></h3> + + <p> </p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1270" name="AEN1270">2.1.8 + Multimedia Support</a></h3> + + <p>A new API has been added for sound cards with + hardware volume control.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1301" name="AEN1301">2.1.9 + Contributed Software</a></h3> + + <p>The Forth Inspired Command Language (<b + class="APPLICATION">FICL</b>) used in the boot loader + has been updated to 3.02.</p> + + <p>Support for Advanced Configuration and Power + Interface (ACPI), a multi-vendor standard for + configuration and power management, has been added. + This functionality has been provided by the <b + class="APPLICATION">Intel ACPI Component + Architecture</b> project, as of the ACPI CA 20021118 + snapshot. Some backward compatability for applications + using the older APM standard has been provided.</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN1307" + name="AEN1307">2.1.9.1 IPFilter</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been + updated to 3.4.29. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="KAME-KERNEL" + name="KAME-KERNEL">2.1.9.3 KAME</a></h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr /> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.2 + Security-Related Changes</a></h2> + + <p>A buffer overflow in the resolver, which could be + exploited by a malicious domain name server or an + attacker forging DNS messages, has been fixed. See + security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:28.resolv.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:28</a> for more details. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A buffer overflow in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a>, which + could be triggered by badly-formed NFS packets, has been + fixed. See security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:29.tcpdump.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:29</a> for more details. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktrace&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ktrace</span>(1)</span></a> can no + longer trace the operation of formerly privileged + processes; this prevents the leakage of sensitive + information that the process could have obtained before + abandoning its privileges. For a discussion of this + issue, see security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:30.ktrace.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:30</a> for more details. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A race condition in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a>, which + could be used to change the permissions of an arbitrary + file, has been corrected. For more information, see + security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:32.pppd.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:32</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Multiple buffer overflows in <b + class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> have been corrected, by + way of an upgrade to the base system version of <b + class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>. More details can be + found in security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:33.openssl.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:33</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A heap buffer overflow in the XDR decoder has been + fixed. For more details, see security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:34.rpc.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:34</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug that could allow local users to read and write + arbitrary blocks on an FFS filesystem has been corrected. + More details can be found in security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:35.ffs.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:35</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug in the NFS server code, which could allow a + remote denial of service attack, has been fixed. Security + advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:36.nfs.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:36</a> has more details. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug that could allow local users to panic a system + using the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> + mechanism has been fixed. More information is contained + in security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:37.kqueue.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:37</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Several bounds-checking bugs in system calls, which + could result in some system calls returning a large + portion of kernel memory, have been fixed. More + information can be found in security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:38.signed-error.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:38</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A bug that could allow applications using <tt + class="FILENAME">libkvm</tt> to leak sensitive file + descriptors has been corrected. (See security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:39.libkvm.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:39</a> for more details.) + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Buffer overflows in kadmind(8) and k5admin have been + corrected. More details can be found in security advisory + <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:40.kadmind.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:40</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Errors in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smrsh&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">smrsh</span>(8)</span></a>, which + could allow users to circumvent restrictions on what + programs can be executed, have been fixed. See <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:41.smrsh.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:41</a> for details. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Buffer overflows in the DNS <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>, + which could cause some applications to fail, have been + corrected. More details are in <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:42.resolv.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:42</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Multiple vulnerabilities in <b + class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> have been fixed, as + described in <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:43.bind.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:43</a>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A file descriptor leak in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpathconf&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpathconf</span>(2)</span></a> + system call, which could allow a local user to crash the + system or cause a privilege escalation, has been fixed. + More details can be found in security advisory <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:44.filedesc.asc" + target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:44</a>. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr /> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 + Userland Changes</a></h2> + + <p>Support for creating <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=a.out&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">a.out</span>(5)</span></a> format + executables with the base system compiler toolchain has + been removed.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmuser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span></a> are now + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> scripts, + rather than Perl scripts.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now prints + <tt class="LITERAL">[fddi]</tt> or <tt + class="LITERAL">[atm]</tt> tags for addresses on + interfaces of those types.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asa&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">asa</span>(1)</span></a> utility, + to interpret FORTRAN carriage-control characters, has + been added.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=at&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">at</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> command-line + option to remove jobs and the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> + option to specify times in POSIX time format.</p> + + <p>The system <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">awk</span>(1)</span></a> now refers + to <b class="APPLICATION">BWK awk</b>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=basename&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">basename</span>(1)</span></a> now + accept <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-s</tt> flags, which allow it to perform + the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=basename&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">basename</span>(3)</span></a> + function on multiple files.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=biff&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">biff</span>(1)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">b</tt> argument to enable + ``bell notification'' of new mail (which does not disturb + the terminal contents as <tt class="COMMAND">biff y</tt> + would). [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=biff&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">biff</span>(1)</span></a> now uses + the first terminal associated with the standard input, + standard output or standard error file descriptor, in + that order. Thus, it is possible to use the redirection + facilities of a shell (<tt class="COMMAND">biff n < + /dev/ttyp1</tt>) to toggle the notification for other + terminals.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports Disk At Once (DAO) mode, selectable via the <tt + class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now has + the ability to write VCDs/SVCDs. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now + accepts a value of <tt class="LITERAL">max</tt> for its + <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> option to set the drive's + maximum write speed. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzgrep</span>(1)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzegrep</span>(1)</span></a>, and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzfgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzfgrep</span>(1)</span></a> have + been added to perform <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=grep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">grep</span>(1)</span></a>-type + operations on <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>-compressed + files.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=calendar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">calendar</span>(1)</span></a> now + takes a <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option, which operates + similar to <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> but without special + treatment at weekends, and a <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> + option to change the notion of ``Friday''.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=catman&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">catman</span>(1)</span></a> is now + a C program, instead of a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="LITERAL">speed</tt> command to set + the maximum speed to be used by the drive (the maximum + possible speed can be selected setting the speed to <tt + class="LITERAL">max</tt>). [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=check_utility_compat&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">check_utility_compat</span>(3)</span></a> + library function has been added to <tt + class="FILENAME">libc</tt>, to determine whether certain + FreeBSD base system utilities should behave in FreeBSD + 4-compatible mode or in a ``standard'' mode (default + standard). The configuration is done <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=malloc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">malloc</span>(3)</span></a>-style, + with either an environment variable or a symbolic + link.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> has + moved from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt> to <tt + class="FILENAME">/bin</tt>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> for changing the + mode of a symbolic link.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now + also, when the mode is modified, prints the old and new + modes if the <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option is + specified more than once.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> no + longer takes <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> as a user/group + delimeter. This change was made to support usernames + containing a <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> character.</p> + + <p>Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">CSMG_*</tt> macros no + longer require inclusion of <tt + class="FILENAME"><sys/param.h></tt></p> + + <p>A <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> distribution has + been added for compatibility with FreeBSD 4-STABLE. It + includes a subset of the libraries distributed with + FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a + (nonstandard) <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to + automatically answer ``no'' when it would ask to + overwrite a file. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csplit&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">csplit</span>(1)</span></a> + utility, which splits files based on context, has been + added.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctags</span>(1)</span></a> now + creates tags for typedefs, structs, unions, and enums by + default (implying the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> option). + The new <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> reverts to the old + behavior.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> + program, a command-line interface to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(3)</span></a>, has + been added. It detaches itself from its controlling + terminal and executes a program specified on the command + line. This allows the user to run an arbitrary program as + if it were written to be a daemon. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> utility, + a userland daemon that can run arbitrary commands when + devices come and go in the device tree, has been added. + This program is a generalization of some of the + functionality of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pccardd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pccardd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> is a + work in progress.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devinfo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">devinfo</span>(8)</span></a>, a + simple tool to print the device tree and resource usage + by devices, has been added.</p> + + <p>diskpart(8) has been declared obsolete, and has been + removed.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> flag for dumping + live UFS and UFS2 filesystems safely. To obtain a + consistent dump image, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> takes a + snapshot of the filesystem and performs the dump on the + snapshot. The snapshot is removed when the dump is + complete.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a new <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> flag to allow + it to just print out the dump size estimates and exit. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">expr</span>(1)</span></a> is now + compliant with POSIX.2-1992 (and thus also with + POSIX.1-2001). Some program depend on the old, historic + behavior and do not properly protect their arguments to + keep them from being misinterpreted as command-line + options. (the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/libtool/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">devel/libtool</tt></a> port/package, + used by many GNU programs, is a notable example). The old + behavior can be requested by enabling compatibility mode + for <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">expr</span>(1)</span></a> as + described in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=check_utility_compat&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">check_utility_compat</span>(3)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fbtab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fbtab</span>(5)</span></a> now + accepts glob matching patterns for target devices, not + just individual devices and directories.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdisk&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdisk</span>(8)</span></a> no + longer attempts to search for a device if none has been + specified on the command line, but instead tries to + figure out the default device name from the root + device.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdread&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdread</span>(1)</span></a>, a + program to read data from floppy disks, has been added. + It is a counterpart to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdwrite&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdwrite</span>(1)</span></a> and is + designed to provide a means of recovering at least some + data from bad media, and to obviate the need for a + complex invocation of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now has + support for a <tt class="FILENAME">.pubkey</tt> file. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> flag to restrict + the printing of GECOS information to the user's full name + only. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-4</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-6</tt> flags to specify an address family + for remote queries. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fold&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fold</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-b</tt> flag to break at + byte positions and a <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to + break at word boundaries. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> wrappers + have been imported; this feature provides infrastructure + for <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> to work + on different types of filesystems (analogous to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a>).</p> + + <p>The behavior of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> when + dealing with various passes (a la <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>) has been modified to + accommodate multiple-disk filesystems.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> now has + support for foreground (<tt class="OPTION">-F</tt>) and + background (<tt class="OPTION">-B</tt>) checks. + Traditionally, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is + invoked before the filesystems are mounted and all checks + are done to completion at that time. If background + checking is available, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is + invoked twice. It is first invoked at the traditional + time, before the filesystems are mounted, with the <tt + class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag to do checking on all the + filesystems that cannot do background checking. It is + then invoked a second time, after the system has + completed going multiuser, with the <tt + class="OPTION">-B</tt> flag to do checking on all the + filesystems that can do background checking. Unlike the + foreground checking, the background checking is started + asynchronously so that other system activity can proceed + even on the filesystems that are being checked. Boot-time + enabling of this feature is controlled by the <tt + class="VARNAME">background_fsck</tt> option in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_ffs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports background filesystem checks to mounted FFS + filesystems with the <tt class="OPTION">-B</tt> option + (Soft Updates must be enabled on these filesystems). The + <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag now determines whether a + specified filesystem needs foreground checking.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option to permit + guest users to modify existing files if allowed by + filesystem permissions. In particular, this enables guest + users to resume uploads. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-M</tt> option to prevent + guest users from creating directories. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-O</tt> options to disable the <tt + class="LITERAL">RETR</tt> command; the former for + everybody, and the latter only for guest users. Coupled + with <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> and appropriate file + permissions, these can be used to create a relatively + safe anonymous FTP drop box for others to upload to. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option to disable + logging FTP sessions to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wtmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wtmp</span>(5)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwcontrol</span>(8)</span></a> + utility has been added to help users access and control + the FireWire subsystem. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getconf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">getconf</span>(1)</span></a> + utility has been added. It prints the values of POSIX or + X/Open path or system configuration variables. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>gifconfig(8) is obsolete and has been removed. Its + functionality is now handled by the <tt + class="OPTION">tunnel</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">deletetunnel</tt> commands of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gprof&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gprof</span>(1)</span></a> now has + a <tt class="OPTION">-K</tt> option to enable dynamic + symbol resolution from the currently-running kernel. With + this change, properly-compiled KLD modules are now able + to be profiled.</p> + + <p>The ibcs(8), linux(8), osf1(8), and svr4(8) scripts, + whose sole purpose was to load emulation kernel modules, + have been removed. The kernel module system will + automatically load them as needed to fulfill + dependencies.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now + has the ability to set promiscuous mode on an interface, + via the new <tt class="OPTION">promisc</tt> flag. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="LITERAL">monitor</tt> interface + flag, which blocks transmission of packets on that + interface. This feature is useful for monitoring network + traffic without interacting with the network in + question.</p> + + <p>By default, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> is no + longer run by <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> at + boot-time, although <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + gives the option of enabling it during binary + installations. <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> can also + be enabled by adding the following line to <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + inetd_enable="YES" +</pre> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> now has + the capability for limiting the maximum number of + simultaneous invocations of each service from a single IP + address. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> filter + rules can now match on the value of the IPv4 precedence + field.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kbdmap&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kbdmap</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidfont&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">vidfont</span>(1)</span></a> have + been converted from Perl to C.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(1)</span></a> now has + the ability to set or delete kernel environment + variables.</p> + + <p>The kget(8) utility has been removed (it was only + useful for UserConfig, which is not present in FreeBSD + 5.0-RELEASE).</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> no + longer tries to kill zombie processes unless the <tt + class="OPTION">-z</tt> flag is specified.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktrdump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ktrdump</span>(8)</span></a>, a + utility to dump the ktr trace buffer from userland, has + been added.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ldd</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to list all + the objects that are needed by each loaded object.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt> is now thread-safe by + default; <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> contains only + thread functions.</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for + overwriting the contents of a file on a UFS filesystem + (it cannot expand or truncate files because the + filesystem may be dirty or inconsistent).</p> + + <p><tt class="FILENAME">libgmp</tt> has been superceded + by <tt class="FILENAME">libmp</tt>.</p> + + <p>The functions from <tt + class="FILENAME">libposix1e</tt> have been integrated + into <tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lock&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">lock</span>(1)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> to disable switching + VTYs while the current terminal is locked. This permits + locking the entire console from a single terminal. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span></a> has been + improved; <tt class="COMMAND">lpc clean</tt> is now + somewhat safer, and a new <tt class="COMMAND">lpc + tclean</tt> command has been added to check to see what + files would be removed by <tt class="COMMAND">lpc + clean</tt>. <tt class="COMMAND">lpc topq</tt> has been + reimplemented, and now allows for a much more flexible + specification of which jobs should be moved (such as a + range of job numbers, or a hostname). An <tt + class="COMMAND">lpc bottomq</tt> command has been added + to move jobs to the bottom of a print queue, and a new + <tt class="COMMAND">lpc setstatus</tt> command can be + used to set a printer's status message. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> program now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag to list files + across a page, a <tt class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to force + printing of a <tt class="LITERAL">/</tt> after + directories, and a <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> flag to + sort filenames across a page. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">makewhatis</span>(1)</span></a> is + now a C program, instead of a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> is no + longer installed SUID <tt class="USERNAME">man</tt>, in + order to reduce vulnerabilities associated with + generating ``catpages'' (preformatted manual pages cached + for repeated viewing). As a result, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> can no + longer create system catpages on a regular user's behalf. + It is still able to do so if the user has write + permissions to the directory holding catpages (e.g. a + user's own manpages) or if the running user is <tt + class="USERNAME">root</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> command + has been added; it is a wrapper around <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> that + mimics the command line option set of the deprecated <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_mfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_mfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mesg&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mesg</span>(1)</span></a> now + conforms to SUSv3. Among other things, it now uses the + first terminal associated with the standard input, + standard output or standard error file descriptor, in + that order. Thus, it is possible to use the redirection + facilities of a shell (<tt class="COMMAND">mesg n < + /dev/ttyp1</tt>) to control write access for other + terminals.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nfsd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">nfsd</span>(8)</span></a> have + moved from <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin</tt> to <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mv</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a + (nonstandard) <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to + automatically answer ``no'' when it would ask to + overwrite a file. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A number of archaic features of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> have + been removed; these implemented tuning features that are + essentially useless on modern hard disks. These features + were controlled by the <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-d</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-k</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-l</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-p</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt>, <tt + class="OPTION">-t</tt>, and <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> + flags.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt> flag to select the + creation of UFS1 or UFS2 filesystems.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newgrp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newgrp</span>(1)</span></a> utility + to change to a new group has been added.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> now + compresses log files using <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a> by + default. (The former behavior of using <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> can be + specified in <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/newsyslog.conf</tt>.)</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextboot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextboot</span>(8)</span></a> + utility has been added to specify an alternate kernel + and/or boot flags to be used the next time the machine is + booted. A previous incarnation of this feature first + appeared in FreeBSD 2.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">NFS</b> now works over + IPv6.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nice&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">nice</span>(1)</span></a> now uses + the <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to specify the + ``niceness'' of the utility being run. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">nsswitch</b> support has been + merged from NetBSD. By creating an <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a> + file, FreeBSD can be configured so that various databases + such as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> can be + looked up using flat files, NIS, or Hesiod. If <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> does not exist, + it will be automatically generated from an existing <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts.conf</tt> at system startup + time. The <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts.conf</tt> file + may be used by old executables; it will be automatically + generated from an existing <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> during system + startup if it exists.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> option to specify + the input address base, the <tt class="OPTION">-N</tt> + option to specify the number of bytes to dump, the <tt + class="OPTION">-j</tt> option to specify the number of + bytes to skip, the <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> option to + output signed decimal shorts, and the <tt + class="OPTION">-t</tt> option to specify output type. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> support has been added + for account management and sessions.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> configuration is now + specified by files in <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/</tt>, rather than a single + <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.conf</tt> file. <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/README</tt> has more + details.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_echo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_echo</span>(8)</span></a> echo + service module has been added.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_exec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_exec</span>(8)</span></a> + program execution service module has been added.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ftp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ftp</span>(8)</span></a> module + has been added to allow authentication of anonymous FTP + users.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ftpusers&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ftpusers</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added to perform checks against the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpusers&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpusers</span>(5)</span></a> + file.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ksu&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ksu</span>(8)</span></a> module + has been added to do Kerberos 5 authentication and <tt + class="FILENAME">$HOME/.k5login</tt> authorization for <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_lastlog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_lastlog</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added to record sessions in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=utmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">utmp</span>(5)</span></a>, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wtmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wtmp</span>(5)</span></a>, and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lastlog&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">lastlog</span>(5)</span></a> + databases.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_login_access&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_login_access</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added, to allow checking against <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/login.access</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_nologin</span>(8)</span></a> + module, which can disallow logins using <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(5)</span></a>, has + been added.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_opie&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_opie</span>(8)</span></a> and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_opieaccess&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_opieaccess</span>(8)</span></a> + modules have been added to control authentication via <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opie&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">opie</span>(4)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_passwdqc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_passwdqc</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added, to check the quality of passwords + submitted during password changes.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_rhosts&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_rhosts</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added to support <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rhosts&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rhosts</span>(5)</span></a> + authentication.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_rootok&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_rootok</span>(8)</span></a> + module, which can be used to authenticate only the + superuser, has been added.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_securetty&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_securetty</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added to check the ``security'' of a TTY, + as listed in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ttys&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ttys</span>(5)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_self&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_self</span>(8)</span></a> + module, which allows self-authentication of a user, has + been added.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_wheel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_wheel</span>(8)</span></a> + module has been added to permit authentication to members + of a group, which defaults to <tt + class="GROUPNAME">wheel</tt>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pathchk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pathchk</span>(1)</span></a> + utility, which checks pathnames for validity or + portability between POSIX systems, has been added. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> flag to exit after + receiving a reply.</p> + + <p>prefix(8) is obsolete and has been removed. Its + functionality is provided by the <tt + class="OPTION">eui64</tt> command to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pselect&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pselect</span>(3)</span></a> + library function (introduced by POSIX.1 as a slightly + stronger version of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">select</span>(2)</span></a>) has + been added.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pwd</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> flag to print the + logical current working directory. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=quota&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">quota</span>(1)</span></a> now + takes a <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> flag to suppress quote + checks on NFS filesystems.</p> + + <p>The pseudo-random number generator implemented by <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> has been + improved to provide less biased results.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rcmd&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rcmd</span>(3)</span></a> now + supports the use of the <tt class="ENVAR">RSH</tt> + environment variable to specify a program to use other + than <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rsh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote + execution. As a result, programs such as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> can use + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote + transport.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rdist&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rdist</span>(1)</span></a> has been + retired from the base system, but is still available from + FreeBSD Ports Collection as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/44bsd-rdist/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/44bsd-rdist</tt></a>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=renice&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">renice</span>(8)</span></a> command + implements a <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option, which + specifies an increment to be applied to the priority of a + process. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcbind&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpcbind</span>(8)</span></a> has + replaced <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portmap&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">portmap</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpcgen</span>(1)</span></a> now + uses <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/cpp</tt> (as on + NetBSD), not <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/libexec/cpp</tt>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.lockd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.lockd</span>(8)</span></a> has + been imported from NetBSD. This daemon provides support + for servicing client NFS locks.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> will now + print the names of all objects that cause each object to + be loaded, if the <tt + class="VARNAME">LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_ALL</tt> + environment variable is defined.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now takes + a <tt class="OPTION">-i</tt> option to enable in-place + editing of files. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">setfacl</span>(1)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">getfacl</span>(1)</span></a> + commands have been added to manage filesystem Access + Control Lists.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer + implements <tt class="COMMAND">printf</tt> as a built-in + command because it was considered less valuable compared + to the other built-in commands (this functionality is, of + course, still available through the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(1)</span></a> + executable).</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> option to prevent + existing regular files from being overwritten by output + redirection, and a <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt> to give an + error if an unset variable is expanded. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in + <tt class="COMMAND">cd</tt> command now supports <tt + class="OPTION">-L</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> + flags to invoke logical or physical modes of operation, + respectively. Logical mode is the default, but the + default can be changed with the <tt + class="VARNAME">physical</tt> <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> option. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in + <tt class="COMMAND">jobs</tt> command now supports a <tt + class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to output PIDs only and a <tt + class="OPTION">-l</tt> flag to add PIDs to the output. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="COMMAND">bind</tt> built-in + command, which allows the key bindings for the shell's + line editor to be changed.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in + <tt class="COMMAND">export</tt> and <tt + class="COMMAND">readonly</tt> commands now support a <tt + class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to print their output in + ``portable'' format. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer + accepts invalid constructs as <tt class="COMMAND"><tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt> & && + <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>, <tt + class="COMMAND">&& <tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>, or <tt + class="COMMAND">|| <tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=spkrtest&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">spkrtest</span>(8)</span></a> is + now a <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> script, + rather than a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">split</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to specify + the number of letters to use for the suffix of split + files. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>In preparation for meeting SUSv2/POSIX <tt + class="FILENAME"><sys/select.h></tt> requirements, + <tt class="LITERAL">struct selinfo</tt> and related + functions have been moved to <tt + class="FILENAME"><sys/selinfo.h></tt>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> now uses <b + class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> for authentication.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to print the + descriptions of variables.</p> + + <p>The default root partition in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is + now 100MB on the i386 and pc98, 120MB on the Alpha.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now + lives in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>, which + simplifies the installation process. The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + manpage is also installed in a more consistent fashion + now.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> no + longer mounts the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> + filesystem by default on new installs. This change was + made to improve security, but <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> can + still be mounted manually or via an appropriate line in + the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a> + file.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tabs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tabs</span>(1)</span></a>, a + utility to set terminal tab stops, has been added.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=termcap&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">termcap</span>(5)</span></a> + database now uses the <tt class="LITERAL">xterm</tt> + terminal type from <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>. As + a result, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xterm&sektion=1&manpath=XFree86+4.2.0"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">xterm</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports color by default and the common workaround of + setting <tt class="VARNAME">TERM</tt> to <tt + class="LITERAL">xterm-color</tt> is no longer necessary. + Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">xterm-color</tt> terminal + type may result in (benign) warnings from + applications.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports RFC 2349 (TFTP Timeout Interval and Transfer + Size Options); this feature is required by some firmware + like EFI boot managers (at least on HP i2000 Itanium + servers) in order to boot an image using <b + class="APPLICATION">TFTP</b>.</p> + + <p>A version of Transport Independent RPC (<b + class="APPLICATION">TI-RPC</b>) has been imported.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> has been + updated from <b class="APPLICATION">OpenBSD</b>, and has + the ability to act as a <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a> + substitute.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> will now + use the full width of its tty.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=touch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">touch</span>(1)</span></a> now + takes a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to operate on a + symbolic link, rather than what the link points to.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a> now has + basic support for equivalence classes for locales that + support them. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> flag to complement + the set of characters specified by the first string + argument.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports the <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> and <tt + class="OPTION">-l</tt> flags to enable and disable the + <tt class="LITERAL">FS_ACLS</tt> and <tt + class="LITERAL">FS_MULTILABEL</tt> administrative flags + on UFS file system.</p> + + <p>A <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ugidfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ugidfw</span>(8)</span></a> utility + has been added to manage the rulesets provided by the <tt + class="LITERAL">mac_bsdextended</tt> Mandatory Access + Control policy, similar to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has been removed from + the base system. It can be found in the Ports Collection, + in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unexpand&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">unexpand</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> to specify tabstops + analogous to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expand&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">expand</span>(1)</span></a>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbdevs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">usbdevs</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to show the + device driver associated with each device.</p> + + <p>The base64 capabilities of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuencode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuencode</span>(1)</span></a> and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> can + now be automatically enabled by invoking these utilities + as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64encode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64encode</span>(1)</span></a> and + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64decode</span>(1)</span></a> + respectively. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Functions to implement and manipulate OSF/DCE + 1.1-compliant UUIDs have been added to <tt + class="FILENAME">libc</tt>. More information can be found + in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuid&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuid</span>(3)</span></a>.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuidgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuidgen</span>(1)</span></a> + utility has been added. It uses the new <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuidgen&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuidgen</span>(2)</span></a> system + call to generate one or more Universally Unique + Identifiers compatible with OSF/DCE 1.1 version 1 + UUIDs.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now + accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> to allow the user to + disable VTY switching. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The default stripe size in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(8)</span></a> has been + changed from 256KB to 279KB, to spread out superblocks + more evenly between stripes.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wc</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag to count + characters, rather than bytes.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">whereis</span>(1)</span></a>, + formerly a Perl script, has been rewritten in C. It now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> flag to suppress + the run of <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=locate&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">locate</span>(1)</span></a>, and a + <tt class="OPTION">-q</tt> flag suppresses the leading + name of the query.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">whereis</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to report all + matches instead of only the first of each requested + type.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=which&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">which</span>(1)</span></a> is now a + C program, rather than a Perl script.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=who&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">who</span>(1)</span></a> now has a + number of new options: <tt class="OPTION">-H</tt> shows + column headings; <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> shows <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mesg&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">mesg</span>(1)</span></a> state; + <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> is an equivalent to <tt + class="OPTION">am i</tt>; <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt> + shows idle time; <tt class="OPTION">-q</tt> to list names + in columns. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wicontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wicontrol</span>(8)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> to list the + stations associated in <tt class="LITERAL">hostap</tt> + mode and a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> to list available + access points.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-I</tt> <tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>replstr</i></tt> option that + allows the user to tell <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> to + insert the data read from standard input at specific + points in the command line arguments rather than at the + end. (A FreeBSD-specific <tt class="OPTION">-J</tt> + option is similar.) [MERGED]</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now + supports a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> option to force its + utility argument to be called after some number of lines. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p>Various routines in the C library now have support for + ``wide'' characters. Among these are character class + functions such as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wctype</span>(3)</span></a>, wide + character I/O functions such as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getwc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">getwc</span>(3)</span></a>, + formatted I/O functions such as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wprintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wprintf</span>(3)</span></a> and <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wscanf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">wscanf</span>(3)</span></a>. + Conversion functions to <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=multibyte&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">multibyte</span>(3)</span></a> + characters are also supported.</p> + + <p>A number of utilities and libraries were enhanced to + improve their conformance with the Single UNIX + Specification (SUSv3) and IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 + (``POSIX.1''). Specific features added have been listed + in the release notes for each utility. The standards + conformance of each utility or library function is + generally listed in its manual page.</p> + + <p>A number of traditional BSD games have been removed + from the base system; they are now available in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/games/freebsd-games/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">games/freebsd-games</tt></a> port. + These include: adventure(6), arithmetic(6), atc(6), + backgammon(6), battlestar(6), bs(6), canfield(6), + cribbage(6), fish(6), hack(6), hangman(6), larn(6), + mille(6), phantasia(6), piano(6), pig(6), quiz(6), + rain(6), robots(6), rogue(6), sail(6), snake(6), trek(6), + wargames(6), worm(6), worms(6), and wump(6). dm(8), which + was used to control access to games, is no longer + necessary, and has also been removed. The + ``utility-like'' games, as well as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fortune&sektion=6&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">fortune</span>(6)</span></a>, + remain.</p> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN3866" name="AEN3866">2.3.1 + Contributed Software</a></h3> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">am-utils</b> has been updated + to 6.0.7.</p> + + <p>A 29 November 2002 snapshot of <b + class="APPLICATION">awk</b> from Bell Labs (variously + known as ``BWK awk'' or ``The One True AWK'') has been + imported. It is available as <tt + class="COMMAND">awk</tt> or <tt + class="COMMAND">nawk</tt>.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to + 8.3.3. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> has been updated + to a pre-release snapshot of 2.13.2 from 27 October + 2002.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">file</b> has been updated to + 3.39.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> has been updated to + <b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> 3.2.1 (released + version).</p> + + <div class="WARNING"> + <blockquote class="WARNING"> + <p><b>Warning:</b> The C++ ABI from <b + class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> 3.2.1 is not compatible + with previous versions.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gdb</b> has been updated to + version 5.2.1.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">gperf</b> has been updated to + 2.7.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> and its related + utilities have been updated to FSF version 1.18.1.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> has been + updated to 0.5.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has + been updated to 3.0.1RC9.</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=more&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">more</span>(1)</span></a> command + has been replaced by <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=less&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">less</span>(1)</span></a>, + although it can still be run as <tt + class="COMMAND">more</tt>. [MERGED] Version 371 of <b + class="APPLICATION">less</b> has been imported.</p> + + <p>An XML processing library, named <tt + class="FILENAME">libbsdxml</tt>, has been added for the + benefit of XML-using utilities in the base system. It + is based almost entirely on an import of <b + class="APPLICATION">expat</b> 1.95.5, but is installed + under a different name to avoid conflicts with any + versions of <b class="APPLICATION">expat</b> installed + from the Ports Collection.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> has been updated + to 0.7.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libreadline</b> has been + updated to 4.2.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">libz</b> has been updated to + 1.1.4.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">lint</b> has been updated to + snapshot of NetBSD <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lint&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">lint</span>(1)</span></a> as of + 19 July 2002.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftp</b> 1.6 beta 2 (the + FTP client from NetBSD) has replaced the FreeBSD <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp</span>(1)</span></a> program. + Among its new features are more automation methods, + better standards compliance, transfer rate throttling, + and a customizable command-line prompt. Some + environment variables and command-line arguments have + changed.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=m4&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">m4</span>(1)</span></a> has been + imported from OpenBSD, as of 26 April 2002. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">ncurses</b> has been updated + to 5.2-20020615.</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> suite of programs + has been updated to 4.1.1b.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> (``Citronella'' + release) has been imported, replacing <b + class="APPLICATION">Linux-PAM</b>.</p> + + <p>The <b class="APPLICATION">OPIE</b> + one-time-password suite has been updated to 2.4. It has + completely replaced the functionality of <b + class="APPLICATION">S/Key</b>. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> has been removed + from the FreeBSD base system. It can be installed from + the FreeBSD Ports Collection, as a binary package, or + via the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Perl + distribution</span> item in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>'s + distribution menu. Moving Perl out of the base system + will make future upgrades and maintenence easier. To + reduce the dependence of the base system on Perl, many + utilities have been rewritten as shell scripts or C + programs (specific notes are made for each affected + utility).</p> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> The Perl script removal work is + ongoing.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + + <div class="NOTE"> + <blockquote class="NOTE"> + <p><b>Note:</b> Most of the distribution sets in <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + include the new Perl distribution. This change will + therefore be transparent to most users, with the + exception that updating Perl will be done + separately from the base system.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <br /> + <br /> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU ptx</b> has been removed + from the base system. It is not used anywhere in the + base system, and has not been recently updated or + maintained. Users requiring its functionality can + install this utility as a part of the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/textproc/textutils/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">textproc/textutils</tt></a> + port.</p> + + <p>The <tt class="LITERAL">rc.d</tt> framework from + NetBSD has been imported. It breaks down the system + startup functionality into a number of small, + ``task-oriented'' scripts in <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt>, with + dynamic-determined ordering of startup scripts + performed at boot-time.</p> + + <p>Version 1.4.5 of the <b + class="APPLICATION">smbfs</b> userland utilities has + been imported. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> has been updated + to the version from <b class="APPLICATION">GNU + textutils 2.0.21</b>.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">stat</span>(1)</span></a> from <b + class="APPLICATION">NetBSD</b>, as of 5 June 2002 has, + been imported.</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> has been updated + to 1.13.25. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> has been updated + to 3.7.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">csh</span>(1)</span></a> shell + has been replaced by <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcsh</span>(1)</span></a>, + although it can still be run as <tt + class="COMMAND">csh</tt>. <b + class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> has been updated to + version 6.12. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The contributed version of <b + class="APPLICATION">tcp_wrappers</b> now includes the + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpd</span>(8)</span></a> helper + daemon. While not strictly necessary in a standard + FreeBSD installation (because <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> + already incorporates this functionality), this may be + useful for <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> + replacements such as <b class="APPLICATION">xinetd</b>. + [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">texinfo</b> has been updated + to 4.2. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">top</b> has been updated to + version 3.5b12. [MERGED]</p> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">traceroute</b> has been + updated to LBL version 1.4a12.</p> + + <p>The timezone database has been updated to the <tt + class="FILENAME">tzdata2002d</tt> release. [MERGED]</p> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4060" + name="AEN4060">2.3.1.1 CVS</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">cvs</b> has been updated to + a snapshot of 1.11.2.1, as of 1 December 2002. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4083" + name="AEN4083">2.3.1.2 CVSup</a></h4> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="KAME-USERLAND" + name="KAME-USERLAND">2.3.1.3 KAME</a></h4> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4126" + name="AEN4126">2.3.1.4 OpenSSH</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been + updated to version 3.4p1. [MERGED] Among the + changes:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*2</tt> files are + obsolete (for example, <tt + class="FILENAME">~/.ssh/known_hosts</tt> can hold + the contents of <tt + class="FILENAME">~/.ssh/known_hosts2</tt>).</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-keygen</span>(1)</span></a> + can import and export keys using the SECSH Public + Key File Format, for key exchange with several + commercial SSH implementations.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-add</span>(1)</span></a> + now adds all three default keys.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-keygen</span>(1)</span></a> + no longer defaults to a specific key type; one + must be specified with the <tt + class="OPTION">-t</tt> option.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>A ``privilege separation'' feature, which uses + unprivileged processes to contain and restrict + the effects of future compromises or programming + errors.</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p>Several bugfixes, including closure of a + security hole that could lead to an integer + overflow and undesired privilege escalation.</p> + </li> + </ul> + <br /> + <br /> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4213" + name="AEN4213">2.3.1.5 OpenSSL</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been + updated to 0.9.6g. [MERGED]</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT4"> + <hr /> + + <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4222" + name="AEN4222">2.3.1.6 sendmail</a></h4> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been + updated from version 8.9.3 to version 8.12.6. + Important changes include: <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a> + is no longer installed as a set-user-ID <tt + class="USERNAME">root</tt> binary (now set-group-ID + <tt class="GROUPNAME">smmsp</tt>); new default file + locations (see <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</tt>); + <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newaliases&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">newaliases</span>(1)</span></a> + is limited to <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> and + trusted users; STARTTLS encryption; and the MSA port + (587) is turned on by default. See <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES</tt> + for more information. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>By default, <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> no + longer enables <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> + for inbound SMTP connections. Note that <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> + may override this default for a binary installation, + based on what security profile is selected. This + functionality can also be manually enabled by adding + the following line to <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>:</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + sendmail_enable="YES" +</pre> + + <p>The permissions for <b + class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> alias and map + databases built via <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/mail/Makefile</tt> now default + to mode 0640 to protect against a file locking local + denial of service. It can be changed by setting the + new <tt class="VARNAME">SENDMAIL_MAP_PERMS</tt> <tt + class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt> option. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>The permissions for the <b + class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> statistics file, <tt + class="FILENAME">/var/log/sendmail.st</tt>, have been + changed from mode 0644 to mode 0640 to protect + against a file locking local denial of service. + [MERGED]</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT3"> + <hr /> + + <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN4323" name="AEN4323">2.3.2 + Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></h3> + + <p><b class="APPLICATION">BSDPAN</b>, a collection of + modules that provides tighter integration of <b + class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> into the FreeBSD Ports + Collection, has been added.</p> + + <p>For some time, FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT (as well as some + 4.X releases) included a pkg_update(1) utility to + update installed packages, as well as their + dependencies. This utility has been removed; a superset + of its functionality can be found in the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> + port.</p> + + <p><a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>, + formerly a Perl script, has been rewritten in C. The + <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt>, frequently misused, has + been removed. The <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> port + provides a supported and safer alternative.</p> + + <p>The Ports Collection infrastructure now uses <b + class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> 4.2.1 as the default + version of the X Window System for the purposes of + satisfying dependencies. To return to using <b + class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> 3.3.6, add the + following line to <tt + class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>: [MERGED]</p> +<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"> + XFREE86_VERSION=3 +</pre> + + <p>The libraries installed by the <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base</tt></a> port + (required for Linux emulation) have been updated; they + now correspond to those included with <b + class="APPLICATION">Red Hat Linux</b> 7.1. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>By default, packages generated by the Ports + Collection (as well as the packages on the FTP sites) + are now compressed using <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>, + rather than <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a>. (Thus, + they now have a <tt class="FILENAME">.tbz</tt> + extension, rather than a <tt class="FILENAME">.tgz</tt> + extension.) The package tools have been updated to + handle the new format.</p> + + <p>The Ports Collection now maintains a separate index + file (<tt class="FILENAME">/usr/ports/INDEX-5</tt>) for + use with FreeBSD 5-CURRENT. A major motivation for a + separate index file is to cope with dependencies (such + as <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5/pkg-descr"> + <tt class="FILENAME">lang/perl5</tt></a>) that exist in + FreeBSD 5-CURRENT but not FreeBSD 4-STABLE. The index + file for each package set is still called <tt + class="FILENAME">INDEX</tt>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr /> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN4441" name="AEN4441">2.4 + Release Engineering and Integration</a></h2> + + <p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> distribution has + been renamed <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, in order to + make creation of combined install/recovery disks + easier.</p> + + <p>It is now possible to make releases of FreeBSD + 5-CURRENT on a FreeBSD 4-STABLE host and vice versa. + Cross-architecture (building a release for a target + architecture on a host of a different architecture) + releases are also possible. See <a + href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=release&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE"> + <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span + class="REFENTRYTITLE">release</span>(7)</span></a> for + details. [MERGED]</p> + + <p>A third <tt class="FILENAME">drivers.flp</tt> floppy + has been added to floppy releases. It holds loadable + modules containing drivers that do not fit in the kernel + on the <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> disk or in the + <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> image.</p> + </div> + + <div class="SECT2"> + <hr /> + + <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN4466" name="AEN4466">2.5 + Documentation</a></h2> + + <p>A number of formerly-encumbered documents from the 4.4 + BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents have been + restored to <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/psd</tt>. + These include:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The + UNIX Time-Sharing System</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">01.cacm</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">UNIX + Implementation</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">02.implement</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The + UNIX I/O System</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">03.iosys</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">UNIX + Programming -- Second Edition</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">04.uprog</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The C + Programming Language -- Reference Manual</i></span> + (<tt class="FILENAME">06.Clang</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Yacc: + Yet Another Compiler-Compiler</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">15.yacc</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Lex -- + A Lexical Analyzer Generator</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">16.lex</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The M4 + Macro Processor</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">17.m4</tt>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + + <p>Several formerly-encumbered documents from the 4.4 BSD + User's Supplementary Documents have been restored to <tt + class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/usd</tt>. They + include:</p> + + <ul> + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i + class="EMPHASIS">NROFF/TROFF User's Manual</i></span> + (<tt class="FILENAME">21.troff</tt>)</p> + </li> + + <li> + <p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">A TROFF + Tutorial</i></span> (<tt + class="FILENAME">22.trofftut</tt>)</p> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="SECT1"> + <hr /> + + <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 + Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1> + + <p>Users with existing FreeBSD systems are <span + class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">highly</i></span> + encouraged to read the ``Early Adopter's Guide to FreeBSD + 5.0''. This document generally has the filename <tt + class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt> on the distribution media, + or any other place that the release notes can be found. It + offers some notes on upgrading, but more importantly, also + discusses some of the relative merits of upgrading to + FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> versus + running FreeBSD 4.<tt + class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p> + + <div class="IMPORTANT"> + <blockquote class="IMPORTANT"> + <p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of + course, only be attempted after backing up <span + class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> + data and configuration files.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + + <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related + documents, can be downloaded from <a + href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the + <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> + before contacting <<a + href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + + <p align="center"><small>For questions about this + documentation, e-mail <<a + href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p> + <br /> + <br /> + </body> +</html> + |