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diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/Makefile b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4c89488e9c --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# +# Build the Handbook with just the content from this chapter. +# +# $FreeBSD$ +# + +CHAPTERS= virtualization/chapter.sgml + +VPATH= .. + +MASTERDOC= ${.CURDIR}/../${DOC}.${DOCBOOKSUFFIX} + +DOC_PREFIX?= ${.CURDIR}/../../../.. + +.include "../Makefile" diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23141cbc46 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,485 @@ +<!-- + The FreeBSD Documentation Project + + $FreeBSD$ +--> + +<chapter id="virtualization"> + <chapterinfo> + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Murray</firstname> + <surname>Stokely</surname> + <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> + </author> + </authorgroup> + <!-- Mar 2007 --> + </chapterinfo> + + <title>Virtualization</title> + + <sect1 id="virualization-synopsis"> + <title>Synopsis</title> + + <para>Virtualization software allows multiple operating systems + to run simultaneously on the same computer. Such software + systems for PCs often involve a host operating system which runs + the virtualization software and supports any number of guest + operating systems.</para> + + <para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>The difference between a host operating system and a + guest operating system.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>How to install FreeBSD on Linux with Xen.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>How to install FreeBSD on an Intel-based Apple Macintosh + computer.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>How to tune a FreeBSD system for best performance under + virtualization.</para> + </listitem> + + </itemizedlist> + + <para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Understand the basics of &unix; and FreeBSD (<xref + linkend="basics">).</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem><para>Know how to install FreeBSD (<xref + linkend="install">).</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>Know how to set up your network connection (<xref + linkend="advanced-networking">).</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>Know how to install additional third-party + software (<xref linkend="ports">).</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + + </sect1> + + + + <sect1 id="virtualization-guest"> + <title>FreeBSD as a Guest OS</title> + + <sect2 id="virtualization-guest-parallels"> + <title>Parallels on MacOS</title> + + <para>Parallels Desktop for Mac is a commercial software product + available for Intel based Apple Mac computers running MacOS + 10.4.6 or higher. FreeBSD is a fully supported guest + operating system. Once Parallels has been installed on MacOS + X, the user must configure a virtual machine and then install + the desired guest operating system.</para> + + <sect3 id="virtualization-guest-parallels-install"> + <title>Installing FreeBSD on Parallels/MacOS X</title> + + <para>The first step in installing FreeBSD on MacOS + X/Parallels is to create a new virtual machine for + installing FreeBSD. Select 'FreeBSD' as the Guest OS Type + when prompted, and choose a reasonable amount of disk and + memory depending on your plans for this virtual FreeBSD + instance. 4GB and 512MB of RAM work well for most uses of + FreeBSD under Parallels.</para> + + <para>After your FreeBSD virtual machine has been created, + you will need to install FreeBSD on it. This is best done + with an official FreeBSD CDROM or with an ISO image + downloaded from an official FTP site. When you have the + appropriate ISO image on your local Mac filesystem or a + CDROM in your Mac's CD drive, click on the disc icon in the + bottom right corner of your FreeBSD Parallels window. This + will bring up a window that allows you to associate the + CDROM drive in your virtual machine with an ISO file on + disk or with your real CDROM drive.</para> + + <para>Once you have made this association with your CDROM + source, reboot your FreeBSD virtual machine as normal by + clicking the reboot icon. Parallels will reboot with a + special BIOS that first checks if you have a CDROM just as a + normal BIOS would do. In this case it will find the FreeBSD + installation media and begin a normal sysinstall based + installation as described in <xref linkend="install">. You + may install, but do not attempt to configure X-Windows at + this time. When you have finished the installation, reboot + into your newly installed FreeBSD virtual machine.</para> + + </sect3> + + <sect3 id="virtualization-guest-parallels-configure"> + <title>Configuring FreeBSD on MacOS X/Parallels</title> + + <para>After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on MacOS + X with Parallels, there are a number of configuration + steps that can be taken to optimize the system for + virtualized operation.</para> + + <procedure> + <step> + <title>Set boot loader variables.</title> + + <para>The most important step is to reduce the + <option>kern.hz</option> tunable to reduce the CPU utilization + of FreeBSD under the Parallels environment. This is + accomplished by adding the following line to + <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para> + + <programlisting>kern.hz=100</programlisting> + + <para>Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD parallels guest + OS will use roughly 15% of the cpu of a single + processor iMac. After this change the usage will be + closer to a mere 5%.</para> + </step> + + <step> + <title>Create a new kernel configuration file.</title> + + <para>You can remove all of the SCSI, firewire, and USB + device drivers. Paralells provides a virtual network + adapter used by the <option>ed</option> driver, so + all other network devices except for + <option>ed</option> and <option>miibus</option> can be + removed from the kernel.</para> + </step> + + <step> + <title>Setup networking.</title> + + <para>The most basic networking setup involves simply + using DHCP to connect your virtual machine to the same + local area network as your host Mac. This can be + accomplished by adding + <literal>ifconfig_ed0="DHCP"</literal> to + <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. More advanced + networking setups are described in <xref + linkend="advanced-networking">.</para> + </step> + </procedure> + + </sect3> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="virtualization-guest-xen"> + <sect2info> + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Fukang</firstname> + <surname>Chen (Loader)</surname> + <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> + </author> + </authorgroup> + <!-- Mar/Apr 2007 --> + </sect2info> + + <title>FreeBSD with Xen on Linux</title> + + <para>The Xen hypervisor is an open source paravirtualization + product which is now supported by the commercial XenSource + company. Guest operating systems are known as domU domains, + and the host operating system is known as dom0. The first + step in running a virtual FreeBSD instance under Linux is to install + Xen for Linux dom0.</para> + + <sect3 id="xen-slackware-dom0"> + <title>Setup Xen 3 on Linux Dom0</title> + + <procedure> + <step> + <title>Download Xen 3.0 from XenSource</title> + + <para>Download <ulink + url="http://bits.xensource.com/oss-xen/release/3.0.4-1/src.tgz/xen-3.0.4_1-src.tgz">xen-3.0.4_1-src.tgz</ulink> + from <ulink url="http://www.xensource.com/"></ulink>.</para> + + </step> + + <step> + <title>Unpack the tarball</title> + + <screen>&prompt.root; cd xen-3.0.4_1-src +&prompt.root; KERNELS="linux-2.6-xen0 linux-2.6-xenU" make world +&prompt.root; make install</screen> + + <note> + <para>To re-compile the kernel for Dom0:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; cd xen-3.0.4_1-src/linux-2.6.16.33-xen0 +&prompt.root; make menuconfig +&prompt.root; make +&prompt.root; make install</screen> + + <para>Older version of Xen may need to specify + <command>make ARCH=xen menuconfig</command></para> + </note> + </step> + + <step> + <title>Add a menu entry into Grub menu.lst</title> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>vi</command> <filename>/boot/grub/menu.lst</filename></userinput></screen> + + <programlisting>title Xen-3.0.4 +root (hd0,0) +kernel /boot/xen-3.0.4-1.gz dom0_mem=262144 +module /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.16.33-xen0 root=/dev/hda1 ro</programlisting> + </step> + + <step> + <title>Reboot your computer into Xen</title> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>vi</command> <filename>/etc/xen/xend-config.sxp</filename></userinput> + +(network-script 'network-bridge netdev=eth0')</screen> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/init.d/xend start</userinput> +&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/init.d/xendomains start</userinput></screen> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>xm</command> list</userinput> +Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s) +Domain-0 0 256 1 r----- 54452.9</screen> + </step> + </procedure> + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <title>FreeBSD 7-CURRENT domU</title> + + <para>Download the FreeBSD domU kernel for Xen 3.0 and + disk image from <ulink + url="http://www.fsmware.com/">http://www.fsmware.com/</ulink></para> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para><ulink url="http://www.fsmware.com/xenofreebsd/7.0/download/kernel-current">kernel-current</ulink></para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><ulink url="http://www.fsmware.com/xenofreebsd/7.0/download/mdroot-7.0.bz2">mdroot-7.0.bz2</ulink></para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><ulink url="http://www.fsmware.com/xenofreebsd/7.0/download/config/xmexample1.bsd">xmexample1.bsd</ulink></para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + + <para>Put the config file <filename>xmexample1.bsd</filename> + into <filename>/etc/xen/</filename> and modify the related + entries about where stores the kernel and the disk image, + it should look like this:</para> + + <programlisting>kernel = "/opt/kernel-current" +memory = 256 +name = "freebsd" +vif = [ '' ] +disk = [ 'file:/opt/mdroot-7.0,hda1,w' ] +#on_crash = 'preserve' +extra = "boot_verbose" +extra += ",boot_single" +extra += ",kern.hz=100" +extra += ",vfs.root.mountfrom=ufs:/dev/xbd769a"</programlisting> + + <para><filename>mdroot-7.0.bz2</filename> should be + uncompressed</para> + + <para>And also in the <filename>kernel-current</filename>, + fix the __xen_guest section to add the VIRT_BASE that + Xen 3.0.3 requires, </para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>objcopy</command> <filename>kernel-current</filename> -R __xen_guest</userinput> +&prompt.root; <userinput><command>perl</command> -e 'print "LOADER=generic,GUEST_OS=freebsd,GUEST_VER=7.0,XEN_VER=xen-3.0,BSD_SYMTAB,VIRT_BASE=0xC0000000\x00"' > <filename>tmp</filename></userinput> +&prompt.root; <userinput><command>objcopy</command> <filename>kernel-current</filename> --add-section __xen_guest=<filename>tmp</filename></userinput></screen> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>objdump</command> -j __xen_guest -s <filename>kernel-current</filename></userinput> + +kernel-current: file format elf32-i386 + +Contents of section __xen_guest: + 0000 4c4f4144 45523d67 656e6572 69632c47 LOADER=generic,G + 0010 55455354 5f4f533d 66726565 6273642c UEST_OS=freebsd, + 0020 47554553 545f5645 523d372e 302c5845 GUEST_VER=7.0,XE + 0030 4e5f5645 523d7865 6e2d332e 302c4253 N_VER=xen-3.0,BS + 0040 445f5359 4d544142 2c564952 545f4241 D_SYMTAB,VIRT_BA + 0050 53453d30 78433030 30303030 3000 SE=0xC0000000. </screen> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>xm</command> create <filename>/etc/xen/xmexample1.bsd</filename> -c</userinput> +Using config file "/etc/xen/xmexample1.bsd". +Started domain freebsd +WARNING: loader(8) metadata is missing! +Copyright (c) 1992-2006 The FreeBSD Project. +Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 +The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +FreeBSD 7.0-CURRENT #113: Wed Jan 4 06:25:43 UTC 2006 + kmacy@freebsd7.gateway.2wire.net:/usr/home/kmacy/p4/freebsd7_xen3/src/sys/i386-xen/compile/XENCONF +WARNING: DIAGNOSTIC option enabled, expect reduced performance. +Xen reported: 1796.927 MHz processor. +Timecounter "ixen" frequency 1796927000 Hz quality 0 +CPU: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 1.80GHz (1796.93-MHz 686-class CPU) + Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0xf29 Stepping = 9 + Features=0xbfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CLFLUSH, + DTS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE> + Features2=0x4400<CNTX-ID,<b14>> +real memory = 265244672 (252 MB) +avail memory = 255963136 (244 MB) +xc0: <Xen Console> on motherboard +cpu0 on motherboard +Timecounters tick every 10.000 msec +[XEN] Initialising virtual ethernet driver. +xn0: Ethernet address: 00:16:3e:6b:de:3a +[XEN] +Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/xbd769a +WARNING: / was not properly dismounted +Loading configuration files. +No suitable dump device was found. +Entropy harvesting: interrupts ethernet point_to_point kickstart. +Starting file system checks: +/dev/xbd769a: 18859 files, 140370 used, 113473 free (10769 frags, 12838 blocks, 4.2% fragmentation) +Setting hostname: demo.freebsd.org. +lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 + inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 + inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 + inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 +Additional routing options:. +Mounting NFS file systems:. +Starting syslogd. +/etc/rc: WARNING: Dump device does not exist. Savecore not run. +ELF ldconfig path: /lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/compat /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/local/lib +a.out ldconfig path: /usr/lib/aout /usr/lib/compat/aout /usr/X11R6/lib/aout +Starting usbd. +usb: Kernel module not available: No such file or directory +Starting local daemons:. +Updating motd. +Starting sshd. +Initial i386 initialization:. +Additional ABI support: linux. +Starting cron. +Local package initialization:. +Additional TCP options:. +Starting background file system checks in 60 seconds. + +Sun Apr 1 02:11:43 UTC 2007 + +FreeBSD/i386 (demo.freebsd.org) (xc0) + +login: </screen> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>uname</command> -a</userinput> +FreeBSD demo.freebsd.org 7.0-CURRENT FreeBSD 7.0-CURRENT #113: Wed Jan 4 06:25:43 UTC 2006 +kmacy@freebsd7.gateway.2wire.net:/usr/home/kmacy/p4/freebsd7_xen3/src/sys/i386-xen/compile/XENCONF i386</screen> + + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>ifconfig</command> xn0 10.10.10.200 netmask 255.0.0.0</userinput> +&prompt.root; <userinput><command>ifconfig</command></userinput> +xn0: flags=843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX> mtu 1500 + inet 10.10.10.200 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 10.255.255.255 + ether 00:16:3e:6b:de:3a +lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 + inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 + inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2 + inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 </screen> + + <para>On Dom0 Slackware:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>ifconfig</command></userinput> +eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:07:E9:A0:02:C2 + inet addr:10.10.10.130 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.0.0.0 + UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:815 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:1400 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 + RX bytes:204857 (200.0 KiB) TX bytes:129915 (126.8 KiB) + +lo Link encap:Local Loopback + inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 + UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 + RX packets:99 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:99 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 + RX bytes:9744 (9.5 KiB) TX bytes:9744 (9.5 KiB) + +peth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF + UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:1853349 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:952923 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 + RX bytes:2432115831 (2.2 GiB) TX bytes:86528526 (82.5 MiB) + Base address:0xc000 Memory:ef020000-ef040000 + +vif0.1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF + UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:1400 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:815 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 + RX bytes:129915 (126.8 KiB) TX bytes:204857 (200.0 KiB) + +vif1.0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF + UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:3 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:157 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 + RX bytes:140 (140.0 b) TX bytes:158 (158.0 b) + +xenbr1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF + UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 + RX bytes:112 (112.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)</screen> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>brctl</command> show</userinput> +bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces +xenbr1 8000.feffffffffff no vif0.1 + peth0 + vif1.0</screen> + </sect3> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="virtualization-guest-vmware"> + <title>VMWare on Windows/Mac/Linux</title> + + <para>This section has yet to be written.</para> + + </sect2> + + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="virtualization-host"> + <title>FreeBSD as a Host OS</title> + + <para>FreeBSD is not officially supported by any virtualization + package as a host operating system at this time, but many people + use older versions of VMWare in this capacity. Work is also + ongoing in getting Xen to work as a host environment on + FreeBSD.</para> + + </sect1> + +</chapter> + +<!-- + Local Variables: + mode: sgml + sgml-declaration: "../chapter.decl" + sgml-indent-data: t + sgml-omittag: nil + sgml-always-quote-attributes: t + sgml-parent-document: ("../book.sgml" "part" "chapter") + End: +--> |