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diff --git a/FAQ/install.sgml b/FAQ/install.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 6d1cce642c..0000000000 --- a/FAQ/install.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,443 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: install.sgml,v 1.1 1997-11-03 08:53:47 max Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> - - <sect> - <heading>Installation<label id="install"></heading> - - <sect1> - <heading>Which file do I download to get FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p>You generally need just one floppy image, the <em>floppies/boot.flp - </em> file, which you image-copy onto a 1.44MB floppy and then boot it - in order to download the rest (and the installation will manage your - TCP/IP collection, deal with tapes, CDROMs, floppies, DOS. - partitions, whatever's necessary to get the reset of the bits - installed). - - <p>Full instructions on this procedure and a little bit more about - installation issues in general can be found in the <url - url="../handbook/install.html" - name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD."> - - <sect1> - <heading>Where are the instructions for installing FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p>Installation instructions can be found in the - <url url="../handbook/install.html" - name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD."> - - <sect1> - <heading>What do I need in order to run FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p>You'll need a 386 or better PC, with 5 MB or more of RAM and at - least 60 MB of hard disk space. It can run with a low end MDA - graphics card but to run X11R6, a VGA or better video card is needed. - - <p>See also the section on <ref id="hardware" - name="Hardware compatibility"> - - <sect1> - <heading>I have only 4 MB of RAM. Can I install FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p>FreeBSD 2.1.7 was the last version of FreeBSD that could be installed - on a 4MB system. Newer versions of FreeBSD, like 2.2, need at least 5MB - to install on a new system. - - <p>All versions of FreeBSD, including 3.0, will RUN in 4MB of ram, they - just can't run the installation program in 4MB. You can add - extra memory for the install process, if you like, and then - after the system is up and running, go back to 4MB. Or you could - always just swap your disk into a system which has >4MB, install onto - it and then swap it back. - - <p>There are also situations in which FreeBSD 2.1.7 will not install - in 4 MB. To be exact: it does not install with 640 kB base + 3 MB - extended memory. If your motherboard can remap some of the ``lost'' - memory out of the 640kB to 1MB region, then you may still be able - to get FreeBSD 2.1.7 up. - - <p>Try to go into your BIOS setup and look for a ``remap'' option. - Enable it. You may also have to disable ROM shadowing. - - <p>It may be easier to get 4 more MB just for the install. Build a - custom kernel with only the options you need and then get the 4 - MB out again. - - <p>You may also install 2.0.5 and then upgrade your system to 2.1.7 - with the ``upgrade'' option of the 2.1.7 installation program. - - <p>After the installation, if you build a custom kernel, it will run - in 4 MB. Someone has even succeeded in booting with 2 MB (the - system was almost unusable though :-)) - - <sect1> - <heading> - How can I make my own custom install floppy? - </heading> - - <p>Currently there's no way to *just* make a custom install floppy. - You have to cut a whole new release, which will include your install - floppy. There's some code in <tt>/usr/src/release/floppies/Makefile</tt> - that's supposed to let you *just* make those floppies, but it's not - really gelled yet. - - <p>To make a custom release, follow the instructions <ref id="custrel" - name="here">. - - <sect1> - <heading>Can I have more than one operating system on my PC?</heading> - - <p>Have a look at <url url="../tutorials/multios/multios.html" - name="The multi-OS page."> - - <sect1> - <heading>Can Windows 95 co-exist with FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p>Install Windows 95 first, after that FreeBSD. FreeBSD's boot - manager will then manage to boot Win95 and FreeBSD. If you - install Windows 95 second, it will boorishly overwrite your - boot manager without even asking. If that happens, see - the next section. - - <sect1> - <heading> - Windows 95 killed my boot manager! How do I get it back? - </heading> - - <p>You can reinstall the boot manager FreeBSD comes with in one of - two ways: - - <itemize> - <item>Running DOS, go into the tools/ directory of your FreeBSD - distribution and look for <bf>bootinst.exe</bf>. You run it like so: - - <p><bf>bootinst.exe boot.bin</bf> - - <p>and the boot manager will be reinstalled. - - <item>Boot the FreeBSD boot floppy again and go to the Custom - installation menu item. Choose Partition. Select the drive which - used to contain your boot manager (likely the first one) and when you - come to the partition editor for it, as the very first thing (e.g. - do not make any changes) select (W)rite. This will ask for - confirmation, say yes, and when you get the Boot Manager selection - prompt, be sure to select "Boot Manager." - This will re-write the boot manager to disk. Now quit out of the - installation menu and reboot off the hard disk as normal. - </itemize> - - <sect1> - <heading>Can I install on a disk with bad blocks?</heading> - - <p>FreeBSD's bad block (the <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?bad144" name="bad144"> - command) handling is still not 100% (to put it charitably) and - it must unfortunately be said that if you've got an IDE or ESDI drive - with lots of bad blocks, then FreeBSD is probably not for you! - That said, it does work on thousands of IDE based systems, so - you'd do well to try it first before simply giving up. - - <p>If you have a SCSI drive with bad blocks, see <ref id="awre" - name="this answer">. - - <sect1> - <heading>Strange things happen when I boot the install floppy!</heading> - - <p>If you're seeing things like the machine grinding to a halt or - spontaneously rebooting when you try to boot the install floppy, - here are three questions to ask yourself:- - - <enum> - <item>Did you use a new, freshly-formatted, error-free floppy - (preferably a brand-new one straight out of the box, as - opposed to the magazine coverdisk that's been lying under - the bed for the last three years)? - - <item>Did you download the floppy image in binary (or image) mode? - (don't be embarrassed, even the best of us have accidentally - downloaded a binary file in ASCII mode at least once!) - - <item>If you're using one of these new-fangled operating systems - like Windows95 or Windows NT, did you shut it down and restart - the system in plain, honest DOS? It seems these OS's can - interfere with programs that write directly to hardware, which - the disk creation program does; even running it inside a DOS - shell in the GUI can cause this problem. - </enum> - - <p>There have also been reports of Netscape causing problems when - downloading the boot floppy, so it's probably best to use a different - FTP client if you can. - - <sect1> - <heading>Help! I can't install from tape!</heading> - - <p>If you are installing 2.1.7R from tape, you must create the tape - using a tar blocksize of 10 (5120 bytes). The default tar - blocksize is 20 (10240 bytes), and tapes created using this - default size cannot be used to install 2.1.7R; with these tapes, - you will get an error that complains about the record size being - too big. - - <sect1> - <heading> - Can I install on my laptop over PLIP (Parallel Line IP)? - </heading> - - <p>Connect the two computers using a Laplink parallel cable to use - this feature: - - <verb> - +----------------------------------------+ - |A-name A-End B-End Descr. Port/Bit | - +----------------------------------------+ - |DATA0 2 15 Data 0/0x01 | - |-ERROR 15 2 1/0x08 | - +----------------------------------------+ - |DATA1 3 13 Data 0/0x02 | - |+SLCT 13 3 1/0x10 | - +----------------------------------------+ - |DATA2 4 12 Data 0/0x04 | - |+PE 12 4 1/0x20 | - +----------------------------------------+ - |DATA3 5 10 Strobe 0/0x08 | - |-ACK 10 5 1/0x40 | - +----------------------------------------+ - |DATA4 6 11 Data 0/0x10 | - |BUSY 11 6 1/0x80 | - +----------------------------------------+ - |GND 18-25 18-25 GND - | - +----------------------------------------+ - </verb> - - <p>See also <ref id="pao" name="this note"> on the Mobile Computing page. - - <sect1> - <heading> - Which geometry should I use for a disk drive?<label id="geometry"> - </heading> - - <p>(By the "geometry" of a disk, we mean the number of cylinders, - heads and sectors/track on a disk - I'll refer to this as - C/H/S for convenience. This is how the PC's BIOS works out - which area on a disk to read/write from). - - <p>This seems to cause a lot of confusion for some reason. First - of all, the <tt /physical/ geometry of a SCSI drive is totally - irrelevant, as FreeBSD works in term of disk blocks. In fact, there - is no such thing as "the" physical geometry, as the sector density - varies across the disk - what manufacturers claim is the "true" - physical geometry is usually the geometry that they've worked out - results in the least wasted space. For IDE disks, FreeBSD does - work in terms of C/H/S, but all modern drives will convert this - into block references internally as well. - - <p>All that matters is the <tt /logical/ geometry - the answer that the - BIOS gets when it asks "what is your geometry?" and then uses to access - the disk. As FreeBSD uses the BIOS when booting, it's very important - to get this right. In particular, if you have more than one operating - system on a disk, they must all agree on the geometry, otherwise you - will have serious problems booting! - - <p>For SCSI disks, the geometry to use depends on whether extended - translation support is turned on in your controller (this is - often referred to as "support for DOS disks >1GB" or something - similar). If it's turned off, then use N cylinders, 64 heads - and 32 sectors/track, where 'N' is the capacity of the disk in - MB. For example, a 2GB disk should pretend to have 2048 cylinders, - 64 heads and 32 sectors/track. - - <p>If it <tt /is/ turned on (it's often supplied this way to get around - certain limitations in MSDOS) and the disk capacity is more than 1GB, - use M cylinders, 63 heads (*not* 64), and 255 sectors per track, where - 'M' is the disk capacity in MB divided by 7.844238 (!). So our - example 2GB drive would have 261 cylinders, 63 heads and 255 sectors - per track. - - <p>If you are not sure about this, or FreeBSD fails to detect the - geometry correctly during installation, the simplest way around - this is usually to create a small DOS partition on the disk. The - correct geometry should then be detected (and you can always remove - the DOS partition in the partition editor if you don't want to keep - it, or leave it around for programming network cards and the like). - - <p>Alternatively, there is a freely available utility distributed with - FreeBSD called ``<tt/pfdisk.exe/'' (located in the <tt>tools</tt> - subdirectory on the FreeBSD CDROM or on the various FreeBSD - ftp sites) which can be used to work out what geometry the other - operating systems on the disk are using. You can then enter this - geometry in the partition editor. - - <sect1> - <heading>Any restrictions on how I divide the disk up?</heading> - - <p>Yes. You must make sure that your root partition is below 1024 - cylinders so the BIOS can boot the kernel from it. (Note that this - is a limitation in the PC's BIOS, not FreeBSD). - - <p>For a SCSI drive, this will normally imply that the root partition - will be in the first 1024MB (or in the first 4096MB if extended - translation is turned on - see previous question). For IDE, the - corresponding figure is 504MB. - - <sect1> - <heading> - What about disk managers? Or, I have a large drive! - </heading> - - <p>FreeBSD recognizes the Ontrack Disk Manager and makes allowances - for it. Other disk managers are not supported. - - <p>If you just want to use the disk with FreeBSD you don't need a - disk manager. Just configure the disk for as much space as the - BIOS can deal with (usually 504 megabytes), and FreeBSD - should figure out how much space you really have. If you're using - an old disk with an MFM controller, you may need to explicitly - tell FreeBSD how many cylinders to use. - - <p>If you want to use the disk with FreeBSD and another operating - system, you may be able to do without a disk manager: just make sure - the the FreeBSD boot partition and the slice for the other - operating system are in the first 1024 cylinders. If you're - reasonably careful, a 20 megabyte boot partition should be plenty. - - <sect1> - <heading> - When I boot FreeBSD I get ``Missing Operating System'' - <label id="missing_os"> - </heading> - - <p>This is classically a case of FreeBSD and DOS or some other OS - conflicting over their ideas of disk <ref id="geometry" - name="geometry."> You will have to reinstall FreeBSD, but obeying the - instructions given above will almost always get you going. - - <sect1> - <heading>I can't get past the boot manager's `F?' prompt.</heading> - - <p>This is another symptom of the problem described in the preceding - question. Your BIOS geometry and FreeBSD geometry settings do - not agree! If your controller or BIOS supports cylinder - translation (often marked as ``>1GB drive support''), try - toggling its setting and reinstalling FreeBSD. - - <sect1> - <heading> - I have >16MB of RAM. Will this cause any problems?<label id="bigram"> - </heading> - - <p>Apart from performance issues, no. FreeBSD 2.X comes with bounce - buffers which allow your bus mastering controller access to greater - than 16MB. (Note that this should only be required if you are using - ISA devices, although one or two broken EISA and VLB devices may - need it as well). - - <p>Also look at the section on <ref id="reallybigram" - name=">64M machines"> if you have that much memory, - or if you're using a Compaq or other BIOS that lies about - the available memory. - - <sect1> - <heading>Do I need to install the complete sources?</heading> - - <p>In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend that you - install, at a minimum, the ``<tt/base/'' source kit, which - includes several of the files mentioned here, and the - ``<tt/sys/'' (kernel) source kit, which includes sources for the - kernel. There is nothing in the system which requires the - presence of the sources to operate, however, except for the - kernel-configuration program - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?config" - name="config">. With the exception - of the kernel sources, our build structure is set up so that you - can read-only mount the sources from elsewhere via NFS and still - be able to make new binaries. (Because of the kernel-source - restriction, we recommend that you not mount this on - <tt>/usr/src</tt> directly, but rather in some other location - with appropriate symbolic links to duplicate the top-level - structure of the source tree.) - - <p>Having the sources on-line and knowing how to build a system with - them will make it much easier for you to upgrade to future - releases of FreeBSD. - - <p>To actually select a subset of the sources, use the Custom - menu item when you are in the Distributions menu of the - system installation tool. The <tt>src/install.sh</tt> script - will also install partial pieces of the source distribution, - depending on the arguments you pass it. - - <sect1> - <heading>Do I need to build a kernel?</heading> - - <p>Building a new kernel was originally pretty much a required - step in a FreeBSD installation, but more recent releases have - benefited from the introduction of a much friendlier kernel - configuration tool. When at the FreeBSD boot prompt (boot:), - use the "-c" flag and you will be dropped into a visual - configuration screen which allows you to configure the kernel's - settings for most common ISA cards. - - <p>It's still recommended that you eventually build a new - kernel containing just the drivers that you need, just to save a - bit of RAM, but it's no longer a strict requirement for most - systems. - - <sect1> - <heading>I live outside the US. Can I use DES encryption?</heading> - - <p>If it is not absolutely imperative that you use DES style - encryption, you can use FreeBSD's default encryption for even - <bf/better/ security, and with no export restrictions. FreeBSD - 2.0's password default scrambler is now <bf/MD5/-based, and is - more CPU-intensive to crack with an automated password cracker - than DES, and allows longer passwords as well. The only reason - for not using the <bf/MD5/-based crypt today would be to use the - the same password entries on FreeBSD and non-FreeBSD systems. - - <p>Since the DES encryption algorithm cannot legally be exported - from the US, non-US users should not download this software (as - part of the <tt/secrdist/ from US FTP sites. - - <p>There is however a replacement libcrypt available, based on - sources written in Australia by David Burren. This code is now - available on some non-US FreeBSD mirror sites. Sources for the - unencumbered libcrypt, and binaries of the programs which use it, - can be obtained from the following FTP sites: - - <descrip> - <tag/South Africa/ - <tt>ftp://ftp.internat.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD</tt><newline> - <tt>ftp://storm.sea.uct.ac.za/pub/FreeBSD</tt> - - <tag/Brazil/ - <tt>ftp://ftp.iqm.unicamp.br/pub/FreeBSD</tt> - - <tag/Finland/ - <tt>ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/unix/FreeBSD/eurocrypt</tt> - </descrip> - - <p>The non-US <tt/securedist/ can be used as a direct replacement - for the encumbered US <tt/securedist/. This <tt/securedist/ - package is installed the same way as the US package (see - installation notes for details). If you are going to install DES - encryption, you should do so as soon as possible, before - installing other software. - - <p>Non-US users should please not download any encryption software - from the USA. This can get the maintainers of the sites from - which the software is downloaded into severe legal difficulties. - - <p>A non-US distribution of Kerberos is also being developed, and - current versions can generally be obtained by anonymous FTP from - <tt>braae.ru.ac.za</tt>. - - <p>There is also a <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> for the - discussion of non-US encryption software. For more information, send - an email message with a single line saying ``<tt/help/'' in the body - of your message to - - <tt><majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za></tt>. - - </sect> - |