diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook')
43 files changed, 125 insertions, 88 deletions
diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/_index.adoc index 1a02a43878..435ad9f832 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/_index.adoc @@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ endif::[] [.abstract-title] 摘要 -歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 _FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE_ 與 _FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE_ 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc[FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇]。 +歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 _FreeBSD {rel140-current}-RELEASE, {rel132-current}-RELEASE_ 與 _FreeBSD {rel124-current}-RELEASE_ 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 {freebsd-doc}[FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇]。 + +在 https://www.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD 網站] 可以找到本手冊的最新版本，舊版文件可從 https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/[https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/] 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方式的版本可自 https://download.freebsd.org/doc/[FreeBSD 下載伺服器] 或是其中一個 link:./mirrors#mirrors[鏡像網站] 下載。 此外，您可在 link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/search/[搜尋頁面] 中搜尋本文件或其他文件的資料。 -在 https://www.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD 網站] 可以找到本手冊的最新版本，舊版文件可從 https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/[https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/] 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方式的版本可自 https://download.freebsd.org/doc/[FreeBSD FTP 伺服器] 或是其中一個 <<mirrors-ftp,鏡像網站>> 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 https://www.freebsdmall.com/[FreeBSD 商城] 購買。 此外，您可在 https://www.FreeBSD.org/search/[搜尋頁面] 中搜尋本文件或其他文件的資料。 ''' diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc index cef31954c7..454b227297 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/firewalls next: books/handbook/partv showBookMenu: true weight: 36 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/advanced-networking/" --- [[advanced-networking]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/audit/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/audit/_index.adoc index fb876dd2df..986e886a27 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/audit/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/audit/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/mac next: books/handbook/disks showBookMenu: true weight: 20 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/audit/" --- [[audit]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/basics/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/basics/_index.adoc index e5916c61bf..4a058c47e9 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/basics/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/basics/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/bsdinstall next: books/handbook/ports showBookMenu: true weight: 5 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/basics/" --- [[basics]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/bibliography/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/bibliography/_index.adoc index 5e0fee5c48..9e07cee3e5 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/bibliography/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/bibliography/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/mirrors next: books/handbook/eresources showBookMenu: true weight: 39 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/bibliography/" --- [appendix] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/book.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/book.adoc index 784efc639c..64b7e3d0ee 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/book.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/book.adoc @@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ endif::[] [abstract] 摘要 -歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 _FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE_ 與 _FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE_ 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc[FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇]。 +歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 _FreeBSD {rel140-current}-RELEASE, {rel132-current}-RELEASE_ 與 _FreeBSD {rel124-current}-RELEASE_ 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 {freebsd-doc}[FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇]。 -在 https://www.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD 網站] 可以找到本手冊的最新版本，舊版文件可從 https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/[https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/] 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方式的版本可自 https://download.freebsd.org/doc/[FreeBSD FTP 伺服器] 或是其中一個 <<mirrors-ftp,鏡像網站>> 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 https://www.freebsdmall.com/[FreeBSD 商城] 購買。 此外，您可在 https://www.FreeBSD.org/search/[搜尋頁面] 中搜尋本文件或其他文件的資料。 +在 https://www.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD 網站] 可以找到本手冊的最新版本，舊版文件可從 https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/[https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/] 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方式的版本可自 https://download.freebsd.org/doc/[FreeBSD 下載伺服器] 或是其中一個 link:./mirrors#mirrors[鏡像網站] 下載。 此外，您可在 link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/search/[搜尋頁面] 中搜尋本文件或其他文件的資料。 ''' diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/boot/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/boot/_index.adoc index 64772a0bc1..7d0eb15270 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/boot/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/boot/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/config next: books/handbook/security showBookMenu: true weight: 16 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/boot/" --- [[boot]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/bsdinstall/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/bsdinstall/_index.adoc index d10f6f5f48..a39a5c1920 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/bsdinstall/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/bsdinstall/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/introduction next: books/handbook/basics showBookMenu: true weight: 4 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/bsdinstall/" --- [[bsdinstall]] @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ FreeBSD 開機啟動程式需要主分割區或是 GPT 分割區。如果所有 FreeBSD 安裝程式並不是一個可以在其他作業系統上執行的應用程式，反而您需要下載 FreeBSD 安裝檔，燒錄安裝檔到符合其檔案類型與大小的媒體 (CD, DVD 或 USB)，然後開機從插入的媒體來安裝。 -FreeBSD 的安裝檔可於 https://www.FreeBSD.org/where/#download[www.freebsd.org/where/#download] 取得。安裝檔的名稱由 FreeBSD 發佈版本、架構、以及檔案類型所組成，舉例，要從 DVD 安裝 FreeBSD 10.2 到 amd64 的系統，需下載 [.filename]#FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso#，並燒錄這個檔案到 DVD，然後使用插入 DVD 來開機。 +FreeBSD 的安裝檔可於 link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/where/#download[www.freebsd.org/where/#download] 取得。安裝檔的名稱由 FreeBSD 發佈版本、架構、以及檔案類型所組成，舉例，要從 DVD 安裝 FreeBSD 10.2 到 amd64 的系統，需下載 [.filename]#FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso#，並燒錄這個檔案到 DVD，然後使用插入 DVD 來開機。 安裝檔有許多種可用的格式，格式會依據電腦架構及媒體類型的不同而異。 diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/config/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/config/_index.adoc index 6a1cc4ef4f..40edbd322d 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/config/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/config/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/partiii next: books/handbook/boot showBookMenu: true weight: 15 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/config/" --- [[config-tuning]] @@ -1559,5 +1559,5 @@ Most FreeBSD developers watch the http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/free More information about ACPI may be found in the following locations: * The FreeBSD ACPI Mailing List Archives (https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-acpi/[https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-acpi/]) -* The ACPI 2.0 Specification (http://acpi.info/spec.htm[http://acpi.info/spec.htm]) +* The https://uefi.org/specifications#ACPI[ACPI Specification] * man:acpi[4], man:acpi_thermal[4], man:acpidump[8], man:iasl[8], and man:acpidb[8] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/cutting-edge/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/cutting-edge/_index.adoc index 076ae0fddd..2bdb0ef431 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/cutting-edge/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/cutting-edge/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/l10n next: books/handbook/dtrace showBookMenu: true weight: 27 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/cutting-edge/" --- [[updating-upgrading]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/desktop/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/desktop/_index.adoc index 44d7d869c3..e2db611d66 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/desktop/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/desktop/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/partii next: books/handbook/multimedia showBookMenu: true weight: 9 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/desktop/" --- [[desktop]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/disks/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/disks/_index.adoc index 4b1f4c59a8..e12e7478ad 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/disks/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/disks/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/audit next: books/handbook/geom showBookMenu: true weight: 21 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/disks/" --- [[disks]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/dtrace/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/dtrace/_index.adoc index d9fdbbd683..81fa1ca79e 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/dtrace/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/dtrace/_index.adoc @@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ title: 章 24. DTrace part: 部 III. 系統管理 prev: books/handbook/cutting-edge next: books/handbook/usb-device-mode +description: This chapter explains how to use DTrace in FreeBSD +tags: ["DTrace", "features", "guide", "tutorial", "kldload"] showBookMenu: true -weight: 28 -path: "/books/handbook/" +weight: 30 +path: "/books/handbook/dtrace/" +aliases: ["/en/books/handbook/dtrace-implementation/","/en/books/handbook/dtrace-enable/","/en/books/handbook/dtrace-using/"] --- [[dtrace]] @@ -49,49 +52,69 @@ endif::[] [[dtrace-synopsis]] == 概述 -DTrace, also known as Dynamic Tracing, was developed by Sun(TM) as a tool for locating performance bottlenecks in production and pre-production systems. In addition to diagnosing performance problems, DTrace can be used to help investigate and debug unexpected behavior in both the FreeBSD kernel and in userland programs. +DTrace，又被稱作 Dynamic Tracing ，由 Sun(TM) 開發，用在生產 (production) 跟預生產 (pre-production) 系統中找出效能瓶頸的工具。 +除了診斷性能問題外，DTrace 還可以用於查詢以及除錯 FreeBSD 核心和使用者層級程式的未預期行為。 -DTrace is a remarkable profiling tool, with an impressive array of features for diagnosing system issues. It may also be used to run pre-written scripts to take advantage of its capabilities. Users can author their own utilities using the DTrace D Language, allowing them to customize their profiling based on specific needs. +DTrace 是一個卓越的分析工具，具有一系列令人驚豔、用於診斷系統問題的功能。 +它還可以執行預先寫好的腳本，以使用其功能。 +使用者可以用 DTrace D 語言編寫自己的工具，從而允許他們根據特定的需求客製化。 -The FreeBSD implementation provides full support for kernel DTrace and experimental support for userland DTrace. Userland DTrace allows users to perform function boundary tracing for userland programs using the `pid` provider, and to insert static probes into userland programs for later tracing. Some ports, such as package:databases/postgres-server[] and package:lang/php56[] have a DTrace option to enable static probes. FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE has reasonably good userland DTrace support, but it is not considered production ready. In particular, it is possible to crash traced programs. +FreeBSD 實做提供對核心層級的 DTrace 全面的支援，以及對使用者層級的 DTrace 實驗性的支援。 +使用者層級的 DTrace 允許使用者使用 `pid` 執行函式邊界追蹤 (function boundary tracing)，並將 static probes 插入到使用者程式以供之後追蹤。 +一些 ports，像是 package:databases/postgresql12-server[] 和 package:lang/php74[] 提供 DTrace 選項，以提供 static probes 功能。 -The official guide to DTrace is maintained by the Illumos project at http://dtrace.org/guide[DTrace Guide]. +DTrace 的官方指南由 Illumos 維護，在 http://dtrace.org/guide[DTrace Guide]。 讀完這章，您將了解： -* What DTrace is and what features it provides. -* Differences between the Solaris(TM) DTrace implementation and the one provided by FreeBSD. -* How to enable and use DTrace on FreeBSD. +* 什麼是 DTrace 以及其提供的功能。 +* Solaris(TM) 實做的 DTrace 跟 FreeBSD 提供的 DTrace 之間的不同之處。 +* 如何在 FreeBSD 上啟用和使用 DTrace。 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： * 了解 UNIX(TM) 及 FreeBSD 基礎 (crossref:basics[basics,FreeBSD 基礎])。 -* Have some familiarity with security and how it pertains to FreeBSD (crossref:security[security,安全性]). +* 了解安全性以及其跟 FreeBSD 的關係 (crossref:security[security,安全性])。 [[dtrace-implementation]] == 實作差異 -While the DTrace in FreeBSD is similar to that found in Solaris(TM), differences do exist. The primary difference is that in FreeBSD, DTrace is implemented as a set of kernel modules and DTrace can not be used until the modules are loaded. To load all of the necessary modules: +雖然 FreeBSD 的 DTrace 和 Solaris(TM) 的 DTrace 類似，但是還是有存在差異。 +最重要的區別為，在 FreeBSD 中，DTrace 是作為一組核心模組 (kernel modules) 實做的，並且在載入模組之前無法使用。 +要載入所有需要的模組: [source,shell] .... # kldload dtraceall .... -Beginning with FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE, the modules are automatically loaded when `dtrace` is run. +從 FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE 之後，模組會在執行 `dtrace` 時自動載入。 -FreeBSD uses the `DDB_CTF` kernel option to enable support for loading CTF data from kernel modules and the kernel itself. CTF is the Solaris(TM) Compact C Type Format which encapsulates a reduced form of debugging information similar to DWARF and the venerable stabs. CTF data is added to binaries by the `ctfconvert` and `ctfmerge` build tools. The `ctfconvert` utility parses DWARFELF debug sections created by the compiler and `ctfmerge` merges CTFELF sections from objects into either executables or shared libraries. +FreeBSD 使用 `DDB_CTF` 核心選項來支援從核心模組和核心本身載入 `CTF` 資料。 +`CTF` 是 Solaris(TM) Compact C Type Format，它封裝了一種簡化形式的除錯資訊，類似於 `DWARF` 和 古老的 stabs。 +`CTF` 資料通過`ctfconvert` and `ctfmerge` 建構工具，加入到二進制文件中。 +`ctfconvert` 工具分析編譯器創建的 `DWARF``ELF` 除錯部份，而 `ctfmerge` 將目標的 `CTF``ELF` 部份合併到執行檔或函式庫中。 -Some different providers exist for FreeBSD than for Solaris(TM). Most notable is the `dtmalloc` provider, which allows tracing `malloc()` by type in the FreeBSD kernel. Some of the providers found in Solaris(TM), such as `cpc` and `mib`, are not present in FreeBSD. These may appear in future versions of FreeBSD. Moreover, some of the providers available in both operating systems are not compatible, in the sense that their probes have different argument types. Thus, D scripts written on Solaris(TM) may or may not work unmodified on FreeBSD, and vice versa. +與 Solaris(TM) 相比，FreeBSD 存在一些不同的 providers。 +最值得注意的是 `dtmalloc` provider 允許在 FreeBSD 核心中按照類型 (type) 追蹤 `malloc()`。 +Solaris(TM) 中的一些 providers，例如 `cpc` 和 `mib`，在 FreeBSD 中則不存在。 +這些可能會在 FreeBSD 未來的版本中出現。 +此外，兩個作業系統中一些可用的 providers 是不相容的，因為他們具有不同的參數類型。 +因此，在 Solaris(TM) 上拓寫的 `D` 腳本在未經修改的情況下可能可以或不可以在 FreeBSD 上執行，反之亦然。 -Due to security differences, only `root` may use DTrace on FreeBSD. Solaris(TM) has a few low level security checks which do not yet exist in FreeBSD. As such, the [.filename]#/dev/dtrace/dtrace# is strictly limited to `root`. +因為安全的差異，只有 `root` 可以在 FreeBSD 上使用 DTrace。 +Solaris(TM) 擁有一些 FreeBSD 中還不存在的低階 (low level) 安全檢查。 +因此 [.filename]#/dev/dtrace/dtrace# 被嚴格限制成 `root`。 -DTrace falls under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) license. To view this license on FreeBSD, see [.filename]#/usr/src/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE# or view it online at http://opensource.org/licenses/CDDL-1.0[http://opensource.org/licenses/CDDL-1.0]. While a FreeBSD kernel with DTrace support is BSD licensed, the CDDL is used when the modules are distributed in binary form or the binaries are loaded. +DTrace 使用 Common Development and Distribution License (`CDDL`) 授權。 +要在 FreeBSD 上查看此授權, 請參閱 [.filename]#/usr/src/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE# 或者在 http://opensource.org/licenses/CDDL-1.0[http://opensource.org/licenses/CDDL-1.0] 線上查看。 +雖然具有 DTrace 支援的 FreeBSD 核心使用 `BSD` 授權，但當模組使用二進制形式或者二進制文件發布時，將使用 `CDDL` 授權。 [[dtrace-enable]] == 開啟 DTrace 支援 -In FreeBSD 9.2 and 10.0, DTrace support is built into the [.filename]#GENERIC# kernel. Users of earlier versions of FreeBSD or who prefer to statically compile in DTrace support should add the following lines to a custom kernel configuration file and recompile the kernel using the instructions in crossref:kernelconfig[kernelconfig,設定 FreeBSD 核心]: +在 FreeBSD 9.2 和 10.0 中，DTrace 內建於 [.filename]#GENERIC# 核心裡。 +FreeBSD 早期版本的使用者或喜歡在 DTrace 支援下靜態編譯的使用者應加入下列幾行到客製化核心配置文件，並根據 crossref:kernelconfig[kernelconfig,Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel] 中的說明重新編譯核心: [.programlisting] .... @@ -101,52 +124,69 @@ makeoptions DEBUG=-g makeoptions WITH_CTF=1 .... -Users of the AMD64 architecture should also add this line: +AMD64 架構的使用者應加入下列幾行: [.programlisting] .... options KDTRACE_FRAME .... -This option provides support for FBT. While DTrace will work without this option, there will be limited support for function boundary tracing. +此選項提供對 `FBT` 的支援， +雖然 DTrace 可以在沒有此選項的情況下運作，但對函式邊界追蹤的支援有限。 -Once the FreeBSD system has rebooted into the new kernel, or the DTrace kernel modules have been loaded using `kldload dtraceall`, the system will need support for the Korn shell as the DTrace Toolkit has several utilities written in `ksh`. Make sure that the package:shells/ksh93[] package or port is installed. It is also possible to run these tools under package:shells/pdksh[] or package:shells/mksh[]. +一旦 FreeBSD 系統使用新的核心重新啟動，或者使用 `kldload dtraceall` 載入 DTrace 核心模組後，系統需要支援 Korn shell，因為 DTrace 工具箱有幾個用 `ksh` 拓寫的工具。 +確保已經安裝 package:shells/ksh93[] 套件或者 port， +也可以在 package:shells/pdksh[] 或者 package:shells/mksh[] 下執行這些工具。 -Finally, install the current DTrace Toolkit, a collection of ready-made scripts for collecting system information. There are scripts to check open files, memory, CPU usage, and a lot more. FreeBSD 10 installs a few of these scripts into [.filename]#/usr/shared/dtrace#. On other FreeBSD versions, or to install the full DTrace Toolkit, use the package:sysutils/dtrace-toolkit[] package or port. +最後，安裝目前的 DTrace 工具箱，這是一組用於收集系統資訊的現成腳本， +有一些腳本可以檢查打開的文件、記憶體、`CPU` 使用情況等等。 +FreeBSD 10 將其中一些腳本安裝在 [.filename]#/usr/share/dtrace# 中。 +在其他 FreeBSD 的版本中，要安裝 DTrace 工具箱，請使用 package:sysutils/dtrace-toolkit[] 套件或者 port。 [NOTE] ==== -The scripts found in [.filename]#/usr/shared/dtrace# have been specifically ported to FreeBSD. Not all of the scripts found in the DTrace Toolkit will work as-is on FreeBSD and some scripts may require some effort in order for them to work on FreeBSD. +[.filename]#/usr/share/dtrace# 中的腳本已專門移植到 FreeBSD， +並非所有在 DTrace 工具箱中的所有腳本都能在 FreeBSD 上按照原樣運作，一些腳本可能需要一些修改才能在 FreeBSD 上運作。 ==== -The DTrace Toolkit includes many scripts in the special language of DTrace. This language is called the D language and it is very similar to C++. An in depth discussion of the language is beyond the scope of this document. It is covered extensively in the http://www.dtrace.org/guide[Illumos Dynamic Tracing Guide]. +DTrace 工具箱包含許多使用 DTrace 特殊語言的腳本， +這種語言被稱為 D 語言，它與 C++ 非常類似， +對於該語言的深度討論超出了此文件的範圍， +他在 http://www.dtrace.org/guide[Illumos Dynamic Tracing Guide] 有廣泛的介紹。 [[dtrace-using]] == 使用 DTrace -DTrace scripts consist of a list of one or more _probes_, or instrumentation points, where each probe is associated with an action. Whenever the condition for a probe is met, the associated action is executed. For example, an action may occur when a file is opened, a process is started, or a line of code is executed. The action might be to log some information or to modify context variables. The reading and writing of context variables allows probes to share information and to cooperatively analyze the correlation of different events. +DTrace 腳本由一個或多個 _probes_ 或檢查點 (instrumentation points) 的列表組成，其中每個 probe 都與一個行為有關， +只要能滿足 probe 的條件，就會執行相關的行為， +舉例來說，打開文件、啟動一個行程或執行一行程式。 +該行為可能是紀錄一些資訊，或修改上下文變數 (context variables)， +上下文變數的讀寫允許 probes 分享資訊和共同分析不同事件的相關性。 -To view all probes, the administrator can execute the following command: +想要查看所有的 probes，系統管理員可以執行以下指令: [source,shell] .... # dtrace -l | more .... -Each probe has an `ID`, a `PROVIDER` (dtrace or fbt), a `MODULE`, and a `FUNCTION NAME`. Refer to man:dtrace[1] for more information about this command. +每個 probe 都有一個 `ID`、一個 `PROVIDER` (dtrace 或者 fbt)、一個 `MODULE` 和一個 `FUNCTION NAME`。 +有關此指令的更多資訊，請參閱 man:dtrace[1]。 -The examples in this section provide an overview of how to use two of the fully supported scripts from the DTrace Toolkit: the [.filename]#hotkernel# and [.filename]#procsystime# scripts. +本節中的例子概述如何使用 DTrace 工具箱中完全支援的兩個腳本: [.filename]#hotkernel# 和 [.filename]#procsystime# 腳本。 -The [.filename]#hotkernel# script is designed to identify which function is using the most kernel time. It will produce output similar to the following: +[.filename]#hotkernel# 腳本設計成觀察哪個函式使用的核心時間最多， +它會產生類似於以下內容的輸出: [source,shell] .... -# cd /usr/shared/dtrace/toolkit +# cd /usr/local/share/dtrace-toolkit # ./hotkernel Sampling... Hit Ctrl-C to end. .... -As instructed, use the kbd:[Ctrl+C] key combination to stop the process. Upon termination, the script will display a list of kernel functions and timing information, sorting the output in increasing order of time: +按照說明，使用 kbd:[Ctrl+C] 組合鍵停止行程， +中止後，腳本將顯示一整列的核心函式和時間資訊，按照時間遞增排序: [source,shell] .... @@ -178,7 +218,8 @@ kernel`sched_idletd 137 0.3% 0xc10981a5 42139 99.3% .... -This script will also work with kernel modules. To use this feature, run the script with `-m`: +此腳本也是用於核心模組， +要使用此功能，請使用 `-m` 執行腳本: [source,shell] .... @@ -200,7 +241,10 @@ kernel 874 0.4% 0xc10981a5 213781 99.6% .... -The [.filename]#procsystime# script captures and prints the system call time usage for a given process ID (PID) or process name. In the following example, a new instance of [.filename]#/bin/csh# was spawned. Then, [.filename]#procsystime# was executed and remained waiting while a few commands were typed on the other incarnation of `csh`. These are the results of this test: +[.filename]#procsystime# 抓取和輸出系統調用時間，給設定行程 ID (PID) 或行程名稱的行程。 +在以下的例子中，生成了 [.filename]#/bin/csh# 新物件， +然後，[.filename]#procsystime# 被執行並一直等待，同時在 `csh` 的另一個化身上輸入一些指令， +以下是本次測試的結果: [source,shell] .... @@ -231,4 +275,4 @@ Elapsed Times for processes csh, read 3988049784 .... -As shown, the `read()` system call used the most time in nanoseconds while the `getpid()` system call used the least amount of time. +如圖所示，`read()` 系統調用使用的時間最多（以奈秒為單位），而 `getpid()` 系統調用使用的時間最少。 diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/eresources/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/eresources/_index.adoc index 0bca4547c8..9d621f4ec1 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/eresources/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/eresources/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/bibliography next: books/handbook/pgpkeys showBookMenu: true weight: 40 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/eresources/" --- [appendix] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/filesystems/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/filesystems/_index.adoc index a883c0f5ee..7eedc888a4 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/filesystems/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/filesystems/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/zfs next: books/handbook/virtualization showBookMenu: true weight: 24 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/filesystems/" --- [[filesystems]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/firewalls/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/firewalls/_index.adoc index 099b45e041..9174820d05 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/firewalls/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/firewalls/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/network-servers next: books/handbook/advanced-networking showBookMenu: true weight: 35 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/firewalls/" --- [[firewalls]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/geom/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/geom/_index.adoc index e8963f6601..a897210232 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/geom/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/geom/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/disks next: books/handbook/zfs showBookMenu: true weight: 22 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/geom/" --- [[geom]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/introduction/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/introduction/_index.adoc index f882ecd504..fc7b0d02f7 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/introduction/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/introduction/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/parti next: books/handbook/bsdinstall showBookMenu: true weight: 3 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/introduction/" --- [[introduction]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/jails/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/jails/_index.adoc index 099ce18fb5..cf7fceb488 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/jails/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/jails/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/security next: books/handbook/mac showBookMenu: true weight: 18 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/jails/" --- [[jails]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/kernelconfig/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/kernelconfig/_index.adoc index 3c571dfb66..928fba6ae1 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/kernelconfig/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/kernelconfig/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/multimedia next: books/handbook/printing showBookMenu: true weight: 11 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/kernelconfig/" --- [[kernelconfig]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc index 94475386fb..f13e50d983 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/virtualization next: books/handbook/cutting-edge showBookMenu: true weight: 26 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/l10n/" --- [[l10n]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/linuxemu/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/linuxemu/_index.adoc index 8f18d31e71..3ed1347f6c 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/linuxemu/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/linuxemu/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/printing next: books/handbook/partiii showBookMenu: true weight: 13 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/linuxemu/" --- [[linuxemu]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mac/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mac/_index.adoc index a1b36f5908..67821758b1 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mac/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mac/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/jails next: books/handbook/audit showBookMenu: true weight: 19 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/mac/" --- [[mac]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mail/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mail/_index.adoc index 9ec558af65..a282679c98 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mail/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mail/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/ppp-and-slip next: books/handbook/network-servers showBookMenu: true weight: 33 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/mail/" --- [[mail]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mirrors/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mirrors/_index.adoc index 007eb77fdc..996172d452 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mirrors/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/mirrors/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/partv next: books/handbook/bibliography showBookMenu: true weight: 38 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/mirrors/" --- [appendix] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/multimedia/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/multimedia/_index.adoc index 030183ac5a..cdb453fddb 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/multimedia/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/multimedia/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/desktop next: books/handbook/kernelconfig showBookMenu: true weight: 10 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/multimedia/" --- [[multimedia]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/network-servers/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/network-servers/_index.adoc index a92d7276b5..f10b246cba 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/network-servers/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/network-servers/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/mail next: books/handbook/firewalls showBookMenu: true weight: 34 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/network-servers/" --- [[network-servers]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/parti.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/parti.adoc index b098987271..48cb7235fd 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/parti.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/parti.adoc @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/preface next: books/handbook/introduction showBookMenu: true weight: 2 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/parti/" --- [[getting-started]] @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ path: "/books/handbook/" * 介紹 FreeBSD 給您。 * 在安裝過程給您指引。 -* T教您 UNIX(R) 的基礎及原理。 +* 教您 UNIX(R) 的基礎及原理。 * 展示給您看如何安裝豐富的 FreeBSD 的應用軟體。 * 向您介紹 X，UNIX(R) 的視窗系統以及詳細的桌面環境設定，讓您更有生產力。 diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partii.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partii.adoc index 3bec77ce37..830be41ffc 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partii.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partii.adoc @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/x11 next: books/handbook/desktop showBookMenu: true weight: 8 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/partii/" --- [[common-tasks]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partiii.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partiii.adoc index 4771d5bfe9..d3fa37dd10 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partiii.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partiii.adoc @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/linuxemu next: books/handbook/config showBookMenu: true weight: 14 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/partiii/" --- [[system-administration]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partiv.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partiv.adoc index 1497dfa983..66882fb1db 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partiv.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partiv.adoc @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/usb-device-mode next: books/handbook/serialcomms showBookMenu: true weight: 30 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/partiv/" --- [[network-communication]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partv.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partv.adoc index 8d99637027..ab9cb22bb5 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partv.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/partv.adoc @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/advanced-networking next: books/handbook/mirrors showBookMenu: true weight: 37 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/partv/" --- [[appendices]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/pgpkeys/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/pgpkeys/_index.adoc index 8b720a3bc4..15cac036f7 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/pgpkeys/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/pgpkeys/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/eresources next: books/handbook/freebsd-glossary showBookMenu: true weight: 41 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/pgpkeys/" --- [appendix] @@ -59,9 +59,6 @@ The OpenPGP keys of the `FreeBSD.org` officers are shown here. These keys can be === {security-officer-name} `<{security-officer-email}>` include::{pgpkeys-path}static/pgpkeys/security-officer.key[] -=== {secteam-secretary-name} `<{secteam-secretary-email}>` -include::{pgpkeys-path}static/pgpkeys/secteam-secretary.key[] - === {core-secretary-name} `<{core-secretary-email}>` include::{pgpkeys-path}static/pgpkeys/core-secretary.key[] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/ports/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/ports/_index.adoc index f670305b0f..084eaf6756 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/ports/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/ports/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/basics next: books/handbook/x11 showBookMenu: true weight: 6 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/ports/" --- [[ports]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/_index.adoc index 0535949470..a30c588aba 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/serialcomms next: books/handbook/mail showBookMenu: true weight: 32 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/" --- [[ppp-and-slip]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/preface/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/preface/_index.adoc index 67be68d7a9..61d54b6f0b 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/preface/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/preface/_index.adoc @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/ next: books/handbook/parti showBookMenu: true weight: 1 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/preface/" --- [preface] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/printing/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/printing/_index.adoc index 07e78a7b61..2b5d278b27 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/printing/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/printing/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/kernelconfig next: books/handbook/linuxemu showBookMenu: true weight: 12 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/printing/" --- [[printing]] @@ -507,11 +507,6 @@ Modify [.filename]#/etc/printcap# to use this new input filter: Test the filter by printing PostScript(TM) and plain text files. -[[printing-lpd-filters-othersmart]] -==== 其他智慧過濾器 - -Writing a filter that detects many different types of input and formats them correctly is challenging. package:print/apsfilter[] from the Ports Collection is a smart "magic" filter that detects dozens of file types and automatically converts them to the PDL understood by the printer. See http://www.apsfilter.org[] for more details. - [[printing-lpd-queues]] === 多序列 diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/security/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/security/_index.adoc index 375953bdaa..39098ca1b5 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/security/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/security/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/boot next: books/handbook/jails showBookMenu: true weight: 17 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/security/" --- [[security]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/serialcomms/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/serialcomms/_index.adoc index d246a93ba9..f2c67743a9 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/serialcomms/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/serialcomms/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/partiv next: books/handbook/ppp-and-slip showBookMenu: true weight: 31 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/serialcomms/" --- [[serialcomms]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc index 3ff5c75c01..fba569fd57 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/dtrace next: books/handbook/partiv showBookMenu: true weight: 29 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/" --- [[usb-device-mode]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc index 0e3b9a1220..b78e604669 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/filesystems next: books/handbook/l10n showBookMenu: true weight: 25 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/virtualization/" --- [[virtualization]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/x11/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/x11/_index.adoc index fffe3809cf..419c07c1ce 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/x11/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/x11/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/ports next: books/handbook/partii showBookMenu: true weight: 7 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/x11/" --- [[x11]] diff --git a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/zfs/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/zfs/_index.adoc index f8aa244612..be3030f16d 100644 --- a/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/zfs/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/zh-tw/books/handbook/zfs/_index.adoc @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ prev: books/handbook/geom next: books/handbook/filesystems showBookMenu: true weight: 23 -path: "/books/handbook/" +path: "/books/handbook/zfs/" --- [[zfs]] |