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Diffstat (limited to 'en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq')
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml | 399 |
1 files changed, 30 insertions, 369 deletions
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml index d07b375c2a..9eff975fb9 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml @@ -1288,28 +1288,21 @@ <answer> <para>For &os; you will need a 486 or better PC, with - 24 MB or more of RAM and at least 150 MB of hard + 64 MB or more of RAM and at least 1 GB of hard disk space.</para> - <para>All versions of &os; can run with a low end MDA graphics - card but to run &xorg;, a VGA or better video card is - needed.</para> - <para>See also <xref linkend="hardware"/>.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> <qandaentry> <question id="custom-boot-floppy"> - <para>How can I make my own custom install floppy?</para> + <para>How can I make my own custom install disk?</para> </question> <answer> - <para>Currently there is no way to <emphasis>just</emphasis> - make a custom install floppy. You have to cut a whole new - release, which will include your install floppy.</para> - - <para>To make a custom release, follow the instructions in the + <para>Customized &os; installation media can be created by + building a custom release. Follow the instructions in the <ulink url="&url.articles.releng;/article.html">Release Engineering</ulink> article.</para> @@ -1822,35 +1815,17 @@ <qandaentry> <question id="need-complete-sources"> - <para>Do I need to install the complete sources?</para> + <para>Do I need to install the source?</para> </question> <answer> - <para>In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend - that you install, at a minimum, the <literal>base</literal> - source kit, which includes several of the files mentioned - here, and the <literal>sys</literal> (kernel) source kit, - which includes sources for the kernel. There is nothing in - the system which requires the presence of the sources to - operate, however, except for the kernel-configuration - program &man.config.8;. With the exception of the kernel - sources, our build structure is set up so that you can - read-only mount the sources from elsewhere via NFS and still - be able to make new binaries (due to the kernel-source - restriction, we recommend that you not mount this on - <filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename> directly, but - rather in some other location with appropriate symbolic - links to duplicate the top-level structure of the source - tree).</para> - - <para>Having the sources on-line and knowing how to build a - system with them will make it much easier for you to upgrade - to future releases of &os;.</para> - - <para>To actually select a subset of the sources, use the - <guimenuitem>Custom</guimenuitem> menu item when you are in - the <guimenuitem>Distributions</guimenuitem> menu of the - system installation tool.</para> + <para>In general, no. There is nothing in the base + system which requires the presence of the source to + operate. Some ports, like <filename + role="package">sysutils/lsof</filename>, will not build + unless the source is installed. In particular, if the + port builds a kernel module or directly operates on kernel + structures, the source must be installed.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -1860,18 +1835,15 @@ </question> <answer> - <para>Building a new kernel was originally pretty much a - required step in a &os; installation, but more recent releases - have benefited from the introduction of much friendlier - kernel configuration methods. It is very easy to configure - the kernel's configuration by much more flexible - <quote>hints</quote> which can be set at the loader - prompt.</para> - - <para>It may still be worthwhile building a new kernel - containing just the drivers that you need, just to save a - bit of RAM, but it is no longer necessary for most - systems.</para> + <para>Usually not. The supplied <literal>GENERIC</literal> + kernel contains the drivers an ordinary computer will + need. &man.freebsd-update.8;, the &os; binary upgrade + tool, cannot upgrade custom kernels, another reason + to stick with the GENERIC kernel when possible. + For computers with very limited RAM, such as + embedded systems, it may be worthwhile to build a + smaller custom kernel containing just the required + drivers.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -1882,8 +1854,10 @@ </question> <answer> - <para>The default password format on &os; is to use - <emphasis>MD5</emphasis>-based passwords. These are + <para>&os; 7 and 8 use MD5 password hashing by + default. Recent versions + of &os; use <emphasis>SHA512</emphasis> by default. + These are believed to be more secure than the traditional &unix; password format, which used a scheme based on the <emphasis>DES</emphasis> algorithm. DES passwords are still @@ -2293,19 +2267,9 @@ support on Intel CPUs that support this feature. A kernel with the <literal>options SMP</literal> feature enabled will automatically detect the additional logical - processors. The default &os; scheduler treats the logical - processors the same as additional physical processors; in - other words, no attempt is made to optimize scheduling - decisions given the shared resources between logical - processors within the same CPU. Because this naive - scheduling can result in suboptimal performance, under - certain circumstances it may be useful to disable the - logical processors with the - <varname>machdep.hlt_logical_cpus</varname> sysctl - variable. It is also possible to halt any CPU in the idle - loop with the <varname>machdep.hlt_cpus</varname> sysctl - variable. The &man.smp.4; manual page has more - details.</para> + processors.</para> + + <para>&man.smp.4; has more details.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> </qandaset> @@ -4090,7 +4054,7 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254</screen> <answer> <para>The Open Group has released the source code to - <application>&motif; 2.2.2</application>. You can + <application>&motif;</application>. You can install the <filename role="package">x11-toolkits/open-motif</filename> package, or compile it from ports. Refer to <ulink @@ -5242,7 +5206,7 @@ use "disklabel -r" to install initial label</screen> <term>ZFS</term> <listitem> - <para>As of this writing, &os; includes a port of + <para>&os; includes a port of &sun;'s ZFS driver. The current recommendation is to use it only on &arch.amd64; platforms with sufficient memory. For more information, see &man.zfs.8;.</para> @@ -7687,133 +7651,6 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting> </qandaentry> <qandaentry> - <question id="dec-pci-chipset"> - <para>Which network cards are based on the DEC PCI - chipset?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Here is a list compiled by Glen Foster - <email>gfoster@driver.nsta.org</email>, with some more - modern additions:</para> - - <table> - <title>Network Cards Based on the DEC PCI Chipset</title> - - <tgroup cols="2"> - <thead> - <row> - <entry>Vendor</entry> - - <entry>Model</entry> - </row> - </thead> - - <tbody> - <row> - <entry>ASUS</entry> - - <entry>PCI-L101-TB</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>Accton</entry> - - <entry>ENI1203</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>Cogent</entry> - - <entry>EM960PCI</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>Compex</entry> - - <entry>ENET32-PCI</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>D-Link</entry> - - <entry>DE-530</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>Dayna</entry> - - <entry>DP1203, DP2100</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>DEC</entry> - - <entry>DE435, DE450</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>Danpex</entry> - - <entry>EN-9400P3</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>JCIS</entry> - - <entry>Condor JC1260</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>Linksys</entry> - - <entry>EtherPCI</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>Mylex</entry> - - <entry>LNP101</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>SMC</entry> - - <entry>EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>SMC</entry> - - <entry>EtherPower (Model 8432)</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>TopWare</entry> - - <entry>TE-3500P</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>Znyx (2.2.x)</entry> - - <entry>ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, - ZX348</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry>Znyx (3.x)</entry> - - <entry>ZX345Q, ZX346Q, ZX348Q, ZX412Q, ZX414, ZX442, - ZX444, ZX474, ZX478, ZX212, ZX214 (10mbps/hd)</entry> - </row> - </tbody> - </tgroup> - </table> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> <question id="fqdn-hosts"> <para>Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?</para> @@ -9243,92 +9080,6 @@ ATDT1234567</programlisting> </qandaentry> <qandaentry> - <question id="useful-port-numbers"> - <para>Has anybody made a list of useful port numbers?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Not yet, but this is intended to grow into such a list - (if any interest is shown). In each example, - <replaceable>internal</replaceable> should be replaced with - the IP number of the machine playing the game.</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para><application>Asheron's Call</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable> :65000 - 65000</literal></para> - - <para>Manually change the port number within the game to - <literal>65000</literal>. If you have got a number of - machines that you wish to play on assign a unique port - number for each (i.e. <literal>65001</literal>, - <literal>65002</literal>, etc) and add a <literal>nat - port</literal> line for each one.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><application>Half Life</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:27005 - 27015</literal></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><application>PCAnywhere 8.0</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5632 - 5632</literal></para> - - <para><literal>nat port tcp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5631 - 5631</literal></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><application>Quake</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:6112 - 6112</literal></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><application>Quake 2</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:27901 - 27910</literal></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:60021 - 60021</literal></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:60040 - 60040</literal></para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><application>Red Alert</application></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:8675 - 8675</literal></para> - - <para><literal>nat port udp - <replaceable>internal</replaceable>:5009 - 5009</literal></para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> <question id="fcs-errors"> <para>What are FCS errors?</para> </question> @@ -9378,78 +9129,6 @@ ATDT1234567</programlisting> </answer> </qandaentry> - <qandaentry id="PPPoEwithNAT"> - <question id="macos-win98-pppoe-freeze"> - <para>Why do &macos; and &windows; 98 connections freeze - when running PPPoE on the gateway?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Thanks to Michael Wozniak - <email>mwozniak@netcom.ca</email> for figuring this out and - Dan Flemming <email>danflemming@mac.com</email> for the Mac - solution:</para> - - <para>This is due to what is called a <quote>Black - Hole</quote> router. &macos; and &windows; 98 (and maybe - other µsoft; OSs) send TCP packets with a requested - segment size too big to fit into a PPPoE frame (MTU is - <literal>1500</literal> by default for Ethernet) - <emphasis>and</emphasis> have the <quote>do not - fragment</quote> bit set (default of TCP) and the Telco - router is not sending ICMP <quote>must fragment</quote> back - to the WWW site you are trying to load. (Alternatively, the - router is sending the ICMP packet correctly, but the - firewall at the WWW site is dropping it.) When the www - server is sending you frames that do not fit into the PPPoE - pipe the Telco router drops them on the floor and your page - does not load (some pages/graphics do as they are smaller - than a MSS). This seems to be the default of most Telco - PPPoE configurations.</para> - - <para>One fix is to use <application>regedit</application> on - your 95/98 system to add the following registry entry:</para> - - <programlisting>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\NetTrans\0000\MaxMTU</programlisting> - - <para>It should be a string with a value - <literal>1436</literal>, as some ADSL routers are reported - to be unable to deal with packets larger than this. This - registry key has been changed to - <literal>Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\<replaceable>ID for - adapter</replaceable>\MTU</literal> in &windows; 2000 - and becomes a <literal>DWORD</literal>.</para> - - <para>Refer to the Microsoft Knowledge Base documents <ulink - url="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q158/4/74.asp">Q158474 - Windows TCPIP Registry Entries</ulink> - and <ulink - url="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q120/6/42.asp">Q120642 - TCPIP & NBT Configuration Parameters for &windowsnt;</ulink> - for more information on changing &windows; MTU to work with - a NAT router.</para> - - <para>Another regedit possibility under &windows; 2000 to - set the <literal>Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\<replaceable>ID - for adapter</replaceable>\EnablePMTUBHDetect</literal> - <literal>DWORD</literal> to <literal>1</literal> as - mentioned in the Microsoft document 120642 mentioned - above.</para> - - <para>Unfortunately, &macos; does not provide an interface for - changing TCP/IP settings. However, there are several commercial - programs available that will allow users to customize TCP/IP - settings. &macos; NAT users should search for their MTU - settings and enter <literal>1450</literal> instead of - <literal>1500</literal>.</para> - - <para>The &man.ppp.8; has an <command>enable - tcpmssfixup</command> command that will automatically adjust - the MSS to an appropriate value. This facility is enabled - by default. If you are stuck with an older version of - &man.ppp.8;, you may want to look at the <filename - role="package">net/tcpmssd</filename> port.</para> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - <qandaentry> <question id="desperation"> <para>None of this helps — I am desperate! What can I @@ -10647,24 +10326,6 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> </qandaentry> <qandaentry> - <question id="split-1392k"> - <para>How did you split the distribution into 1392 KB - files?</para> - </question> - - <answer> - <para>Newer BSD based systems have a <option>-b</option> - option to &man.split.1; that allows them to split files on - arbitrary byte boundaries.</para> - - <para>Here is an example from - <filename>/usr/src/release/Makefile</filename>.</para> - - <programlisting>ZIPNSPLIT= gzip --no-name -9 -c | split -b 1392k -</programlisting> - </answer> - </qandaentry> - - <qandaentry> <question id="submitting-kernel-extensions"> <para>I have written a kernel extension, who do I send it to?</para> |