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-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<html>
- <head>
- <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
- <title>FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE README</title>
- <meta name="GENERATOR" content=
- "Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 ">
- <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css">
- </head>
-
- <body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link=
- "#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
- <div class="ARTICLE">
- <div class="TITLEPAGE">
- <h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2">FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE
- README</a></h1>
-
- <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
-
- <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002 by
- The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
-
- <p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD:
- src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/readme/article.sgml,v
- 1.1.2.14 2002/03/26 20:28:56 keramida Exp $<br>
- </p>
- <hr>
- </div>
-
- <blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
- <div class="ABSTRACT">
- <a name="AEN11"></a>
-
- <p>This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD
- 4.7-RELEASE. It includes some information on how to
- obtain FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the
- FreeBSD Project, and pointers to some other sources of
- information.</p>
- </div>
- </blockquote>
-
- <div class="SECT1">
- <hr>
-
- <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN13">1 Introduction</a></h1>
-
- <p>This distribution is a release of FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE,
- the latest point along the 4-STABLE branch.</p>
-
- <div class="SECT2">
- <hr>
-
- <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN16">1.1 About
- FreeBSD</a></h2>
-
- <p>FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite
- for Intel, AMD, Cyrix or NexGen ``x86'' based PC hardware
- and Compaq (formerly DEC) Alpha computers. Versions for
- the IA64, PowerPC, and Sparc64 architectures are
- currently under development as well. FreeBSD works with a
- wide variety of peripherals and configurations and can be
- used for everything from software development to games to
- Internet Service Provision.</p>
-
- <p>This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need
- to run such a system, including full source code for the
- kernel and all utilities in the base distribution. With
- the source distribution installed, you can literally
- recompile the entire system from scratch with one
- command, making it ideal for students, researchers, or
- users who simply want to see how it all works.</p>
-
- <p>A large collection of third-party ported software (the
- ``Ports Collection'') is also provided to make it easy to
- obtain and install all your favorite traditional UNIX
- utilities for FreeBSD. Each ``port'' consists of a set of
- scripts to retrieve, configure, build, and install a
- piece of software, with a single command. Over 7,600
- ports, from editors to programming languages to graphical
- applications, make FreeBSD a powerful and comprehensive
- operating environment that extends far beyond what's
- provided by many commercial versions of UNIX. Most ports
- are also available as pre-compiled ``packages'', which
- can be quickly installed from the installation
- program.</p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="SECT2">
- <hr>
-
- <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN25">1.2 Target
- Audience</a></h2>
-
- <p>This release of FreeBSD is suitable for all users. It
- has undergone a period of testing and quality assurance
- checking to ensure the highest reliability and
- dependability.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-
- <div class="SECT1">
- <hr>
-
- <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN28">2 Obtaining
- FreeBSD</a></h1>
-
- <p>FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways. This
- section focuses on those ways that are primarily useful for
- obtaining a complete FreeBSD distribution, rather than
- updating an existing installation.</p>
-
- <div class="SECT2">
- <hr>
-
- <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN31">2.1 CDROM and
- DVD</a></h2>
-
- <p>FreeBSD -RELEASE distributions may be ordered on CDROM
- or DVD from several publishers. This is frequently the
- most convenient way to obtain FreeBSD for new
- installations, as it provides a convenient way to quickly
- reinstall the system if necessary. Some distributions
- include some of the optional, precompiled ``packages''
- from the FreeBSD Ports Collection.</p>
-
- <p>A list of the CDROM and DVD publishers known to the
- project are listed in the <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
- target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD''</a> appendix to the
- Handbook.</p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="SECT2">
- <hr>
-
- <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN38">2.2 FTP</a></h2>
-
- <p>You can use FTP to retrieve FreeBSD and any or all of
- its optional packages from <a href=
- "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target=
- "_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>, which is the official
- FreeBSD release site, or any of its ``mirrors''.</p>
-
- <p>Lists of locations that mirror FreeBSD can be found in
- the <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
- target="_top">FTP Sites</a> section of the Handbook, or
- on the <a href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/" target=
- "_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a> Web pages.
- Finding a close (in networking terms) mirror from which
- to download the distribution is highly recommended.</p>
-
- <p>Additional mirror sites are always welcome. Contact
- <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a href=
- "mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>
- for more details on becoming an official mirror site.</p>
-
- <p>Mirrors generally contain the floppy disk images
- necessary to begin an installation, as well as the
- distribution files needed for the install process itself.
- Many mirrors also contain the ISO images necessary to
- create a CDROM of a FreeBSD release.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-
- <div class="SECT1">
- <hr>
-
- <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="CONTACTING">3 Contacting the
- FreeBSD Project</a></h1>
-
- <div class="SECT2">
- <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN51">3.1 Email and Mailing
- Lists</a></h2>
-
- <p>For any questions or general technical support issues,
- please send mail to the FreeBSD general questions mailing
- list <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a href=
- "mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>.</p>
-
- <p>If you are tracking the -STABLE development efforts,
- you <span class="emphasis"><i class=
- "EMPHASIS">must</i></span> join the FreeBSD-STABLE
- mailing list <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a href=
- "mailto:freebsd-stable@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>,
- in order to keep abreast of recent developments and
- changes that may affect the way you use and maintain the
- system.</p>
-
- <p>Being a largely-volunteer effort, the FreeBSD Project
- is always happy to have extra hands willing to
- help--there are already far more desired enhancements
- than there is time to implement them. To contact the
- developers on technical matters, or with offers of help,
- please send mail to the FreeBSD technical discussions
- mailing list <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a href=
- "mailto:freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>.</p>
-
- <p>Please note that these mailing lists can experience
- <span class="emphasis"><i class=
- "EMPHASIS">significant</i></span> amounts of traffic. If
- you have slow or expensive mail access, or are only
- interested in keeping up with major FreeBSD events, you
- may find it preferable to subscribe instead to the
- FreeBSD announcements mailing list <tt class=
- "EMAIL">&#60;<a href=
- "mailto:freebsd-announce@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-announce@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>.</p>
-
- <p>All of the mailing lists can be freely joined by
- anyone wishing to do so. Send mail to <tt class=
- "EMAIL">&#60;<a href=
- "mailto:majordomo@FreeBSD.org">majordomo@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>
- and include the keyword <tt class="LITERAL">help</tt> on
- a line by itself somewhere in the body of the message.
- This will give you more information on joining the
- various lists, accessing archives, etc. There are a
- number of mailing lists targeted at special interest
- groups not mentioned here; more information can be
- obtained either through majordomo or the <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#mailing-list"
- target="_top">mailing lists section</a> of the FreeBSD
- Web site.</p>
-
- <div class="IMPORTANT">
- <blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
- <p><b>Important:</b> Do <span class="emphasis"><i
- class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> send email to the
- lists asking to be subscribed. Use the <tt class=
- "EMAIL">&#60;<a href=
- "mailto:majordomo@FreeBSD.org">majordomo@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>
- address instead.</p>
- </blockquote>
- </div>
- </div>
-
- <div class="SECT2">
- <hr>
-
- <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN71">3.2 Submitting Problem
- Reports</a></h2>
-
- <p>Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are
- always valued--please do not hesitate to report any
- problems you may find. Bug reports with attached fixes
- are of course even more welcome.</p>
-
- <p>The preferred method to submit bug reports from a
- machine with Internet mail connectivity is to use the <a
- href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-RELEASE">
- <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class=
- "REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> command or
- use the Web form at <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/send-pr.html" target=
- "_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/send-pr.html</a>. ``Problem
- Reports'' (PRs) submitted in this way will be filed and
- their progress tracked; the FreeBSD developers will do
- their best to respond to all reported bugs as soon as
- possible. <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" target=
- "_top">A list of all active PRs</a> is available on the
- FreeBSD Web site; this list is useful to see what
- potential problems other users have encountered.</p>
-
- <p>Note that <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-RELEASE">
- <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class=
- "REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> itself is a
- shell script that should be easy to move even onto a
- non-FreeBSD system. Using this interface is highly
- preferred. If, for some reason, you are unable to use <a
- href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-RELEASE">
- <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class=
- "REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> to submit a
- bug report, you can try to send it to the FreeBSD problem
- reports mailing list <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a href=
- "mailto:freebsd-bugs@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-bugs@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>.</p>
-
- <p>For more information, <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/"
- target="_top">``Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports''</a>,
- available on the FreeBSD Web site, has a number of
- helpful hints on writing and submitting effective problem
- reports.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-
- <div class="SECT1">
- <hr>
-
- <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN92">4 Further
- Reading</a></h1>
-
- <p>There are many sources of information about FreeBSD;
- some are included with this distribution, while others are
- available on-line or in print versions.</p>
-
- <div class="SECT2">
- <hr>
-
- <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="RELEASE-DOCS">4.1 Release
- Documentation</a></h2>
-
- <p>A number of other files provide more specific
- information about this release distribution. These files
- are provided in various formats. Most distributions will
- include both ASCII text (<tt class="FILENAME">.TXT</tt>)
- and HTML (<tt class="FILENAME">.HTM</tt>) renditions.
- Some distributions may also include other formats such as
- PostScript (<tt class="FILENAME">.PS</tt>) or Portable
- Document Format (<tt class="FILENAME">.PDF</tt>).</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>
- <p><tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>: This file,
- which gives some general information about FreeBSD as
- well as some cursory notes about obtaining a
- distribution.</p>
- </li>
-
- <li>
- <p><tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>: The
- release notes, showing what's new and different in
- FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE compared to the previous release
- (FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE).</p>
- </li>
-
- <li>
- <p><tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>: The
- hardware compatability list, showing devices with
- which FreeBSD has been tested and is known to
- work.</p>
- </li>
-
- <li>
- <p><tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>:
- Installation instructions for installing FreeBSD from
- its distribution media.</p>
- </li>
-
- <li>
- <p><tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt>: Release
- errata. Late-breaking, post-release information can
- be found in this file, which is principally
- applicable to releases (as opposed to snapshots). It
- is important to consult this file before installing a
- release of FreeBSD, as it contains the latest
- information on problems which have been found and
- fixed since the release was created.</p>
- </li>
- </ul>
-
- <div class="NOTE">
- <blockquote class="NOTE">
- <p><b>Note:</b> Several of these documents (in
- particular, <tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>,
- <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>, and <tt
- class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>) contain
- information that is specific to a particular hardware
- architecture. For example, the alpha release notes
- contain information not applicable to the i386, and
- vice versa. The architecture for which each document
- applies will be listed in that document's title.</p>
- </blockquote>
- </div>
- <br>
- <br>
-
- <p>These documents are generally available via the
- Documentation menu during installation. Once the system
- is installed, you can revisit this menu by running the <a
- href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-RELEASE">
- <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class=
- "REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
- utility.</p>
-
- <div class="NOTE">
- <blockquote class="NOTE">
- <p><b>Note:</b> It is extremely important to read the
- errata for any given release before installing it, to
- learn about any ``late-breaking news'' or
- post-release problems. The errata file accompanying
- each release (most likely right next to this file) is
- already out of date by definition, but other copies
- are kept updated on the Internet and should be
- consulted as the ``current errata'' for this release.
- These other copies of the errata are located at <a
- href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/" target=
- "_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a> (as well
- as any sites which keep up-to-date mirrors of this
- location).</p>
- </blockquote>
- </div>
- </div>
-
- <div class="SECT2">
- <hr>
-
- <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN132">4.2 Manual
- Pages</a></h2>
-
- <p>As with almost all UNIX-like operating systems,
- FreeBSD comes with a set of on-line manual pages,
- accessed through the <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-RELEASE">
- <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class=
- "REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> command or
- through the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi"
- target="_top">hypertext manual pages gateway</a> on the
- FreeBSD Web site. In general, the manual pages provide
- information on the different commands and APIs available
- to the FreeBSD user.</p>
-
- <p>In some cases, manual pages are written to given
- information on particular topics. Notable examples of
- such manual pages are <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-RELEASE">
- <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class=
- "REFENTRYTITLE">tuning</span>(7)</span></a> (a guide to
- performance tuning), <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-RELEASE">
- <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class=
- "REFENTRYTITLE">security</span>(7)</span></a> (an
- introduction to FreeBSD security), and <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-RELEASE">
- <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class=
- "REFENTRYTITLE">style</span>(9)</span></a> (a style guide
- to kernel coding).</p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="SECT2">
- <hr>
-
- <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN149">4.3 Books and
- Articles</a></h2>
-
- <p>Two highly-useful collections of FreeBSD-related
- information, maintained by the FreeBSD Project, are the
- FreeBSD Handbook and FreeBSD FAQ (Frequently Asked
- Questions document). On-line versions of the <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
- target="_top">Handbook</a> and <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/"
- target="_top">FAQ</a> are always available from the <a
- href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html" target=
- "_top">FreeBSD Documentation page</a> or its mirrors. If
- you install the <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt>
- distribution set, you can use a Web browser to read the
- Handbook and FAQ locally.</p>
-
- <p>A number of on-line books and articles, also
- maintained by the FreeBSD Project, cover
- more-specialized, FreeBSD-related topics. This material
- spans a wide range of topics, from effective use of the
- mailing lists, to dual-booting FreeBSD with other
- operating systems, to guidelines for new committers. Like
- the Handbook and FAQ, these documents are available from
- the FreeBSD Documentation Page or in the <tt class=
- "FILENAME">doc</tt> distribution set.</p>
-
- <p>A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD
- can be found in the <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html"
- target="_top">bibliography</a> of the FreeBSD Handbook.
- Because of FreeBSD's strong UNIX heritage, many other
- articles and books written for UNIX systems are
- applicable as well, some of which are also listed in the
- bibliography.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-
- <div class="SECT1">
- <hr>
-
- <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AEN160">5
- Acknowledgments</a></h1>
-
- <p>FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds,
- if not thousands, of individuals from around the world who
- have worked countless hours to bring about this release.
- For a complete list of FreeBSD developers and contributors,
- please see <a href=
- "http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/"
- target="_top">``Contributors to FreeBSD''</a> on the
- FreeBSD Web site or any of its mirrors.</p>
-
- <p>Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD
- users and testers all over the world, without whom this
- release simply would not have been possible.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- <hr>
-
- <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related
- documents, can be downloaded from <a href=
- "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
-
- <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
- <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a>
- before contacting &#60;<a href=
- "mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
-
- <p align="center"><small>For questions about this
- documentation, e-mail &#60;<a href=
- "mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
- <br>
- <br>
- </body>
-</html>
-