path: root/documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.po

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project
# This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-11-08 16:17+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: YAML Front Matter: description
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "This paper describes the approach previously used by the FreeBSD release engineering team to make production quality releases of the FreeBSD Operating System"
msgstr ""

#. type: YAML Front Matter: title
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#, no-wrap
msgid "Legacy FreeBSD Release Engineering"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title =
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#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD Release Engineering"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:45
msgid "Abstract"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:51
msgid ""
"This document is outdated and does not accurately describe the current "
"release procedures of the FreeBSD Release Engineering team.  It is retained "
"for historical purposes.  The current procedures used by the FreeBSD Release "
"Engineering team are available in the extref:{freebsd-releng}[FreeBSD "
"Release Engineering] article."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:55
msgid ""
"This paper describes the approach used by the FreeBSD release engineering "
"team to make production quality releases of the FreeBSD Operating System.  "
"It details the methodology used for the official FreeBSD releases and "
"describes the tools available for those interested in producing customized "
"FreeBSD releases for corporate rollouts or commercial productization."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:57
msgid "'''"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:61
#, no-wrap
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:71
msgid ""
"The development of FreeBSD is a very open process.  FreeBSD is comprised of "
"contributions from thousands of people around the world.  The FreeBSD "
"Project provides Subversion footnote:[Subversion, http://"
"subversion.apache.org] access to the general public so that others can have "
"access to log messages, diffs (patches) between development branches, and "
"other productivity enhancements that formal source code management "
"provides.  This has been a huge help in attracting more talented developers "
"to FreeBSD.  However, I think everyone would agree that chaos would soon "
"manifest if write access to the main repository was opened up to everyone on "
"the Internet.  Therefore only a \"select\" group of nearly 300 people are "
"given write access to the Subversion repository.  These extref:{contributors}"
"[FreeBSD committers, staff-committers]footnote:[extref:{contributors}"
"[FreeBSD committers, staff-committers]] are usually the people who do the "
"bulk of FreeBSD development.  An elected link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/"
"administration/#t-core[Core Team]footnote:[link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/"
"administration/#t-core[FreeBSD Core Team]] of developers provide some level "
"of direction over the project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:76
msgid ""
"The rapid pace of `FreeBSD` development makes the main development branch "
"unsuitable for the everyday use by the general public.  In particular, "
"stabilizing efforts are required for polishing the development system into a "
"production quality release.  To solve this conflict, development continues "
"on several parallel tracks.  The main development branch is the _HEAD_ or "
"_trunk_ of our Subversion tree, known as \"FreeBSD-CURRENT\" or \"-CURRENT\" "
"for short."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:82
msgid ""
"A set of more stable branches are maintained, known as \"FreeBSD-STABLE\" or "
"\"-STABLE\" for short.  All branches live in a master Subversion repository "
"maintained by the FreeBSD Project.  FreeBSD-CURRENT is the \"bleeding-edge\" "
"of FreeBSD development where all new changes first enter the system.  "
"FreeBSD-STABLE is the development branch from which major releases are "
"made.  Changes go into this branch at a different pace, and with the general "
"assumption that they have first gone into FreeBSD-CURRENT and have been "
"thoroughly tested by our user community."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:87
msgid ""
"The term _stable_ in the name of the branch refers to the presumed "
"Application Binary Interface stability, which is promised by the project.  "
"This means that a user application compiled on an older version of the "
"system from the same branch works on a newer system from the same branch.  "
"The ABI stability has improved greatly from the compared to previous "
"releases.  In most cases, binaries from the older _STABLE_ systems run "
"unmodified on newer systems, including __HEAD__, assuming that the system "
"management interfaces are not used."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:90
msgid ""
"In the interim period between releases, weekly snapshots are built "
"automatically by the FreeBSD Project build machines and made available for "
"download from `https:/download.FreeBSD.org/snapshots/`.  The widespread "
"availability of binary release snapshots, and the tendency of our user "
"community to keep up with -STABLE development with Subversion and \"`make "
"buildworld`\" footnote:[extref:{handbook}cutting-edge[Rebuilding world, "
"makeworld]] helps to keep FreeBSD-STABLE in a very reliable condition even "
"before the quality assurance activities ramp up pending a major release."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:93
msgid ""
"In addition to installation ISO snapshots, weekly virtual machine images are "
"also provided for use with VirtualBox, qemu, or other popular emulation "
"software.  The virtual machine images can be downloaded from `https://"
"download.FreeBSD.org/snapshots/VM-IMAGES/`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:95
msgid ""
"The virtual machine images are approximately 150MB man:xz[1] compressed, and "
"contain a 10GB sparse filesystem when attached to a virtual machine."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:98
msgid ""
"Bug reports and feature requests are continuously submitted by users "
"throughout the release cycle.  Problems reports are entered into our "
"Bugzilla database through the web interface provided at https://"
"www.freebsd.org/support/bugreports/[https://www.freebsd.org/support/"
"bugreports/]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:103
msgid ""
"To service our most conservative users, individual release branches were "
"introduced with FreeBSD 4.3.  These release branches are created shortly "
"before a final release is made.  After the release goes out, only the most "
"critical security fixes and additions are merged onto the release branch.  "
"In addition to source updates via Subversion, binary patchkits are available "
"to keep systems on the _releng/X.Y_ branches updated."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:104
#, no-wrap
msgid "What This Article Describes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:107
msgid "The following sections of this article describe:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:108
#, no-wrap
msgid "crossref:releng[release-proc, Release Process]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:110
msgid ""
"The different phases of the release engineering process leading up to the "
"actual system build."
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:111
#, no-wrap
msgid "crossref:releng[release-build, Release Building]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:113
msgid "The actual build process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:114
#, no-wrap
msgid "crossref:releng[extensibility, Extensibility]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:116
msgid "How the base release may be extended by third parties."
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:117
#, no-wrap
msgid "crossref:releng[lessons-learned, Lessons Learned from FreeBSD 4.4]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:119
msgid "Some of the lessons learned through the release of FreeBSD 4.4."
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:120
#, no-wrap
msgid "crossref:releng[future, Future Directions]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:122
msgid "Future directions of development."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:124
#, no-wrap
msgid "Release Process"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:129
msgid ""
"New releases of FreeBSD are released from the -STABLE branch at "
"approximately four month intervals.  The FreeBSD release process begins to "
"ramp up 70-80 days before the anticipated release date when the release "
"engineer sends an email to the development mailing lists to remind "
"developers that they only have 15 days to integrate new changes before the "
"code freeze.  During this time, many developers perform what have become "
"known as \"MFC sweeps\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:133
msgid ""
"MFC stands for \"Merge From CURRENT\" and it describes the process of "
"merging a tested change from our -CURRENT development branch to our -STABLE "
"branch.  Project policy requires any change to be first applied to trunk, "
"and merged to the -STABLE branches after sufficient external testing was "
"done by -CURRENT users (developers are expected to extensively test the "
"change before committing to -CURRENT, but it is impossible for a person to "
"exercise all usages of the general-purpose operating system).  Minimal MFC "
"period is 3 days, which is typically used only for trivial or critical "
"bugfixes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:134
#, no-wrap
msgid "Code Review"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:140
msgid ""
"Sixty days before the anticipated release, the source repository enters a "
"\"code freeze\".  During this time, all commits to the -STABLE branch must "
"be approved by `{re}`.  The approval process is technically enforced by a "
"pre-commit hook.  The kinds of changes that are allowed during this period "
"include:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:142
msgid "Bug fixes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:143
msgid "Documentation updates."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:144
msgid "Security-related fixes of any kind."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:145
msgid "Minor changes to device drivers, such as adding new Device IDs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:146
msgid "Driver updates from the vendors."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:147
msgid ""
"Any additional change that the release engineering team feels is justified, "
"given the potential risk."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:151
msgid ""
"Shortly after the code freeze is started, a _BETA1_ image is built and "
"released for widespread testing.  During the code freeze, at least one beta "
"image or release candidate is released every two weeks until the final "
"release is ready.  During the days preceding the final release, the release "
"engineering team is in constant communication with the security-officer "
"team, the documentation maintainers, and the port maintainers to ensure that "
"all of the different components required for a successful release are "
"available."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:154
msgid ""
"After the quality of the BETA images is satisfying enough, and no large and "
"potentially risky changes are planned, the release branch is created and "
"_Release Candidate_ (RC) images are built from the release branch, instead "
"of the BETA images from the STABLE branch.  Also, the freeze on the STABLE "
"branch is lifted and release branch enters a \"hard code freeze\" where it "
"becomes much harder to justify new changes to the system unless a serious "
"bug-fix or security issue is involved."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:155
#, no-wrap
msgid "Final Release Checklist"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:158
msgid ""
"When several BETA images have been made available for widespread testing and "
"all major issues have been resolved, the final release \"polishing\" can "
"begin."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:160
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating the Release Branch"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:165
msgid ""
"In all examples below, `$FSVN` refers to the location of the FreeBSD "
"Subversion repository, `svn+ssh://svn.FreeBSD.org/base/`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:169
msgid ""
"The layout of FreeBSD branches in Subversion is described in the extref:"
"{committers-guide}[Committer's Guide, subversion-primer-base-layout].  The "
"first step in creating a branch is to identify the revision of the `stable/"
"_X_` sources that you want to branch _from_."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:173
#, no-wrap
msgid "# svn log -v $FSVN/stable/9\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:176
msgid "The next step is to create the _release branch_"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:180
#, no-wrap
msgid "# svn cp $FSVN/stable/9@REVISION $FSVN/releng/9.2\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:183
msgid "This branch can be checked out:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:187
#, no-wrap
msgid "# svn co $FSVN/releng/9.2 src\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:192
msgid ""
"Creating the `releng` branch and `release` tags is done by the link:https://"
"www.FreeBSD.org/administration/#t-re[Release Engineering Team]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:194
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD Development Branch"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:194
#, no-wrap
msgid "branches-head.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:196
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD 3.x STABLE Branch"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:196
#, no-wrap
msgid "branches-releng3.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:198
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD 4.x STABLE Branch"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:198
#, no-wrap
msgid "branches-releng4.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:200
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD 5.x STABLE Branch"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:200
#, no-wrap
msgid "branches-releng5.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:202
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD 6.x STABLE Branch"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:202
#, no-wrap
msgid "branches-releng6.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:204
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD 7.x STABLE Branch"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:204
#, no-wrap
msgid "branches-releng7.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:206
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD 8.x STABLE Branch"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:206
#, no-wrap
msgid "branches-releng8.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:208
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD 9.x STABLE Branch"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:208
#, no-wrap
msgid "branches-releng9.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:211
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bumping up the Version Number"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:214
msgid ""
"Before the final release can be tagged, built, and released, the following "
"files need to be modified to reflect the correct version of FreeBSD:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:216
msgid "[.filename]#doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors/chapter.xml#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:217
msgid "[.filename]#doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.xml#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:218
msgid "[.filename]#doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/cgi/ports.cgi#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:219
msgid "[.filename]#ports/Tools/scripts/release/config#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:220
msgid "[.filename]#doc/shared/xml/freebsd.ent#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:221
msgid "[.filename]#src/Makefile.inc1#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:222
msgid "[.filename]#src/UPDATING#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:223
msgid "[.filename]#src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/tmac/mdoc.local#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:224
msgid "[.filename]#src/release/Makefile#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:225
msgid "[.filename]#src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/shared/xml/release.dsl#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:226
msgid "[.filename]#src/release/doc/shared/examples/Makefile.relnotesng#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:227
msgid "[.filename]#src/release/doc/shared/xml/release.ent#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:228
msgid "[.filename]#src/sys/conf/newvers.sh#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:229
msgid "[.filename]#src/sys/sys/param.h#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:230
msgid "[.filename]#src/usr.sbin/pkg_install/add/main.c#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:231
msgid "[.filename]#doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/search/opensearch/man.xml#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:233
msgid ""
"The release notes and errata files also need to be adjusted for the new "
"release (on the release branch) and truncated appropriately (on the stable/"
"current branch):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:235
msgid "[.filename]#src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.xml#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:236
msgid "[.filename]#src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/errata/article.xml#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:240
msgid ""
"Sysinstall should be updated to note the number of available ports and the "
"amount of disk space required for the Ports Collection.  footnote:[FreeBSD "
"Ports Collection https://ports.FreeBSD.org] This information is currently "
"kept in [.filename]#src/usr.sbin/bsdinstall/dist.c#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:243
msgid ""
"After the release has been built, a number of files should be updated to "
"announce the release to the world.  These files are relative to `head/` "
"within the `doc/` subversion tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:245
msgid "[.filename]#share/images/articles/releng/branches-relengX.pic#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:246
msgid "[.filename]#head/shared/xml/release.ent#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:247
msgid "[.filename]#en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releases/*#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:248
msgid "[.filename]#en_US.ISO8859-1/htdocs/releng/index.xml#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:249
msgid "[.filename]#share/xml/news.xml#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:251
msgid "Additionally, update the \"BSD Family Tree\" file:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:253
msgid "[.filename]#src/shared/misc/bsd-family-tree#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:254
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating the Release Tag"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:257
msgid ""
"When the final release is ready, the following command will create the "
"`release/9.2.0` tag."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:261
#, no-wrap
msgid "# svn cp $FSVN/releng/9.2 $FSVN/release/9.2.0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:264
msgid ""
"The Documentation and Ports managers are responsible for tagging their "
"respective trees with the `tags/RELEASE_9_2_0` tag."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:267
msgid ""
"When the Subversion `svn cp` command is used to create a __release tag__, "
"this identifies the source at a specific point in time.  By creating tags, "
"we ensure that future release builders will always be able to use the same "
"source we used to create the official FreeBSD Project releases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:269
#, no-wrap
msgid "Release Building"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:280
msgid ""
"FreeBSD \"releases\" can be built by anyone with a fast machine and access "
"to a source repository.  (That should be everyone, since we offer Subversion "
"access! See the extref:{handbook}[Subversion section in the Handbook, svn] "
"for details.)  The _only_ special requirement is that the man:md[4] device "
"must be available.  If the device is not loaded into your kernel, then the "
"kernel module should be automatically loaded when man:mdconfig[8] is "
"executed during the boot media creation phase.  All of the tools necessary "
"to build a release are available from the Subversion repository in "
"[.filename]#src/release#.  These tools aim to provide a consistent way to "
"build FreeBSD releases.  A complete release can actually be built with only "
"a single command, including the creation of ISO images suitable for burning "
"to CDROM or DVD, and an FTP install directory.  man:release[7] fully "
"documents the `src/release/generate-release.sh` script which is used to "
"build a release.  `generate-release.sh` is a wrapper around the Makefile "
"target: `make release`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:281
#, no-wrap
msgid "Building a Release"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:285
msgid ""
"man:release[7] documents the exact commands required to build a FreeBSD "
"release.  The following sequences of commands can build an 9.2.0 release:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:290
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /usr/src/release\n"
"# sh generate-release.sh release/9.2.0 /local3/release\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:293
msgid ""
"After running these commands, all prepared release files are available in "
"[.filename]#/local3/release/R# directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:295
msgid ""
"The release [.filename]#Makefile# can be broken down into several distinct "
"steps."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:297
msgid ""
"Creation of a sanitized system environment in a separate directory hierarchy "
"with \"`make installworld`\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:298
msgid ""
"Checkout from Subversion of a clean version of the system source, "
"documentation, and ports into the release build hierarchy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:299
msgid ""
"Population of [.filename]#/etc# and [.filename]#/dev# in the chrooted "
"environment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:300
msgid ""
"chroot into the release build hierarchy, to make it harder for the outside "
"environment to taint this build."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:301
msgid "`make world` in the chrooted environment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:302
msgid "Build of Kerberos-related binaries."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:303
msgid "Build [.filename]#GENERIC# kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:304
msgid ""
"Creation of a staging directory tree where the binary distributions will be "
"built and packaged."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:305
msgid ""
"Build and installation of the documentation toolchain needed to convert the "
"documentation source (SGML) into HTML and text documents that will accompany "
"the release."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:306
msgid ""
"Build and installation of the actual documentation (user manuals, tutorials, "
"release notes, hardware compatibility lists, and so on.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:307
msgid "Package up distribution tarballs of the binaries and sources."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:308
msgid "Create FTP installation hierarchy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:309
msgid "_(optionally)_ Create ISO images for CDROM/DVD media."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:311
msgid ""
"For more information about the release build infrastructure, please see "
"man:release[7]."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:316
msgid ""
"It is important to remove any site-specific settings from [.filename]#/etc/"
"make.conf#.  For example, it would be unwise to distribute binaries that "
"were built on a system with `CPUTYPE` set to a specific processor."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:318
#, no-wrap
msgid "Contributed Software (\"ports\")"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:322
msgid ""
"The https://ports.FreeBSD.org[FreeBSD Ports collection] is a collection of "
"over {numports} third-party software packages available for FreeBSD.  The "
"`{portmgr}` is responsible for maintaining a consistent ports tree that can "
"be used to create the binary packages that accompany official FreeBSD "
"releases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:323
#, no-wrap
msgid "Release ISOs"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:328
msgid ""
"Starting with FreeBSD 4.4, the FreeBSD Project decided to release all four "
"ISO images that were previously sold on the _BSDi/Wind River Systems/FreeBSD "
"Mall_ \"official\" CDROM distributions.  Each of the four discs must contain "
"a [.filename]#README.TXT# file that explains the contents of the disc, a "
"[.filename]#CDROM.INF# file that provides meta-data for the disc so that "
"man:bsdinstall[8] can validate and use the contents, and a "
"[.filename]#filename.txt# file that provides a manifest for the disc.  This "
"_manifest_ can be created with a simple command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:332
#, no-wrap
msgid "/stage/cdrom# find . -type f | sed -e 's/^\\.\\///' | sort > filename.txt\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:335
msgid "The specific requirements of each CD are outlined below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:336
#, no-wrap
msgid "Disc 1"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:342
msgid ""
"The first disc is almost completely created by `make release`.  The only "
"changes that should be made to the [.filename]#disc1# directory are the "
"addition of a [.filename]#tools# directory, and as many popular third party "
"software packages as will fit on the disc.  The [.filename]#tools# directory "
"contains software that allow users to create installation floppies from "
"other operating systems.  This disc should be made bootable so that users of "
"modern PCs do not need to create installation floppy disks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:347
msgid ""
"If a custom kernel of FreeBSD is to be included, then man:bsdinstall[8] and "
"man:release[7] must be updated to include installation instructions.  The "
"relevant code is contained in [.filename]#src/release# and [.filename]#src/"
"usr.sbin/bsdinstall#.  Specifically, the file [.filename]#src/release/"
"Makefile#, and [.filename]#dist.c#, [.filename]#dist.h#, "
"[.filename]#menus.c#, [.filename]#install.c#, and [.filename]#Makefile# will "
"need to be updated under [.filename]#src/usr.sbin/bsdinstall#.  Optionally, "
"you may choose to update [.filename]#bsdinstall.8#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:348
#, no-wrap
msgid "Disc 2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:353
msgid ""
"The second disc is also largely created by `make release`.  This disc "
"contains a \"live filesystem\" that can be used from man:bsdinstall[8] to "
"troubleshoot a FreeBSD installation.  This disc should be bootable and "
"should also contain a compressed copy of the CVS repository in the "
"[.filename]#CVSROOT# directory and commercial software demos in the "
"[.filename]#commerce# directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:354
#, no-wrap
msgid "Multi-volume Support"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:360
msgid ""
"Sysinstall supports multiple volume package installations.  This requires "
"that each disc have an [.filename]#INDEX# file containing all of the "
"packages on all volumes of a set, along with an extra field that indicates "
"which volume that particular package is on.  Each volume in the set must "
"also have the `CD_VOLUME` variable set in the [.filename]#cdrom.inf# file so "
"that bsdinstall can tell which volume is which.  When a user attempts to "
"install a package that is not on the current disc, bsdinstall will prompt "
"the user to insert the appropriate one."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:362
#, no-wrap
msgid "Distribution"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:365
#, no-wrap
msgid "FTP Sites"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:371
msgid ""
"When the release has been thoroughly tested and packaged for distribution, "
"the master FTP site must be updated.  The official FreeBSD public FTP sites "
"are all mirrors of a master server that is open only to other FTP sites.  "
"This site is known as `ftp-master`.  When the release is ready, the "
"following files must be modified on `ftp-master`:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:372
#, no-wrap
msgid "[.filename]#/pub/FreeBSD/releases/arch/X.Y-RELEASE/#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:374
msgid "The installable FTP directory as output from `make release`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:375
#, no-wrap
msgid "[.filename]#/pub/FreeBSD/ports/arch/packages-X.Y-release/#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:377
msgid "The complete package build for this release."
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:378
#, no-wrap
msgid "[.filename]#/pub/FreeBSD/releases/arch/X.Y-RELEASE/tools#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:380
msgid "A symlink to [.filename]#../../../tools#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:381
#, no-wrap
msgid "[.filename]#/pub/FreeBSD/releases/arch/X.Y-RELEASE/packages#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:383
msgid "A symlink to [.filename]#../../../ports/arch/packages-X.Y-release#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:384
#, no-wrap
msgid "[.filename]#/pub/FreeBSD/releases/arch/ISO-IMAGES/X.Y/X.Y-RELEASE-arch-*.iso#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:387
msgid ""
"The ISO images. The \"*\" is [.filename]#disc1#, [.filename]#disc2#, etc.  "
"Only if there is a [.filename]#disc1# and there is an alternative first "
"installation CD (for example a stripped-down install with no windowing "
"system) there may be a [.filename]#mini# as well."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:389
msgid ""
"For more information about the distribution mirror architecture of the "
"FreeBSD FTP sites, please see the extref:{hubs}[Mirroring FreeBSD] article."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:397
msgid ""
"It may take many hours to two days after updating `ftp-master` before a "
"majority of the Tier-1 FTP sites have the new software depending on whether "
"or not a package set got loaded at the same time.  It is imperative that the "
"release engineers coordinate with the {mirror-announce} before announcing "
"the general availability of new software on the FTP sites.  Ideally the "
"release package set should be loaded at least four days prior to release "
"day.  The release bits should be loaded between 24 and 48 hours before the "
"planned release time with \"other\" file permissions turned off.  This will "
"allow the mirror sites to download it but the general public will not be "
"able to download it from the mirror sites.  Mail should be sent to {mirror-"
"announce} at the time the release bits get posted saying the release has "
"been staged and giving the time that the mirror sites should begin allowing "
"access.  Be sure to include a time zone with the time, for example make it "
"relative to GMT."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:399
#, no-wrap
msgid "CD-ROM Replication"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:402
msgid ""
"Coming soon: Tips for sending FreeBSD ISOs to a replicator and quality "
"assurance measures to be taken."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:404
#, no-wrap
msgid "Extensibility"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:411
msgid ""
"Although FreeBSD forms a complete operating system, there is nothing that "
"forces you to use the system exactly as we have packaged it up for "
"distribution.  We have tried to design the system to be as extensible as "
"possible so that it can serve as a platform that other commercial products "
"can be built on top of.  The only \"rule\" we have about this is that if you "
"are going to distribute FreeBSD with non-trivial changes, we encourage you "
"to document your enhancements! The FreeBSD community can only help support "
"users of the software we provide.  We certainly encourage innovation in the "
"form of advanced installation and administration tools, for example, but we "
"cannot be expected to answer questions about it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:412
#, no-wrap
msgid "Scripting `bsdinstall`"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:416
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD system installation and configuration tool, man:bsdinstall[8], "
"can be scripted to provide automated installs for large sites.  This "
"functionality can be used in conjunction with Intel(R) PXE footnote:[extref:"
"{handbook}advanced-networking[Diskless Operation with PXE, network-"
"diskless]] to bootstrap systems from the network."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:418
#, no-wrap
msgid "Lessons Learned from FreeBSD 4.4"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:425
msgid ""
"The release engineering process for 4.4 formally began on August 1st, 2001.  "
"After that date all commits to the `RELENG_4` branch of FreeBSD had to be "
"explicitly approved by the `{re}`.  The first release candidate for the x86 "
"architecture was released on August 16, followed by 4 more release "
"candidates leading up to the final release on September 18th.  The security "
"officer was very involved in the last week of the process as several "
"security issues were found in the earlier release candidates.  A total of "
"over _500_ emails were sent to the `{re}` in little over a month."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:429
msgid ""
"Our user community has made it very clear that the security and stability of "
"a FreeBSD release should not be sacrificed for any self-imposed deadlines or "
"target release dates.  The FreeBSD Project has grown tremendously over its "
"lifetime and the need for standardized release engineering procedures has "
"never been more apparent.  This will become even more important as FreeBSD "
"is ported to new platforms."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:431
#, no-wrap
msgid "Future Directions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:435
msgid ""
"It is imperative for our release engineering activities to scale with our "
"growing userbase.  Along these lines we are working very hard to document "
"the procedures involved in producing FreeBSD releases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:437
msgid ""
"_Parallelism_ - Certain portions of the release build are actually "
"\"embarrassingly parallel\". Most of the tasks are very I/O intensive, so "
"having multiple high-speed disk drives is actually more important than using "
"multiple processors in speeding up the `make release` process. If multiple "
"disks are used for different hierarchies in the man:chroot[2] environment, "
"then the CVS checkout of the [.filename]#ports# and [.filename]#doc# trees "
"can be happening simultaneously as the `make world` on another disk. Using a "
"RAID solution (hardware or software) can significantly decrease the overall "
"build time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:438
msgid ""
"_Cross-building releases_ - Building IA-64 or Alpha release on x86 hardware? "
"`make TARGET=ia64 release`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:439
msgid ""
"_Regression Testing_ - We need better automated correctness testing for "
"FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:440
msgid ""
"_Installation Tools_ - Our installation program has long since outlived its "
"intended life span. Several projects are under development to provide a more "
"advanced installation mechanism. The libh project was one such project that "
"aimed to provide an intelligent new package framework and GUI installation "
"program."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:442
#, no-wrap
msgid "Acknowledgements"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/releng/_index.adoc:447
msgid ""
"I would like to thank Jordan Hubbard for giving me the opportunity to take "
"on some of the release engineering responsibilities for FreeBSD 4.4 and also "
"for all of his work throughout the years making FreeBSD what it is today.  "
"Of course the release would not have been possible without all of the "
"release-related work done by `{asami}`, `{steve}`, `{bmah}`, `{nik}`, "
"`{obrien}`, `{kris}`, `{jhb}` and the rest of the FreeBSD development "
"community.  I would also like to thank `{rgrimes}`, `{phk}`, and others who "
"worked on the release engineering tools in the very early days of FreeBSD.  "
"This article was influenced by release engineering documents from the CSRG "
"footnote:[Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J. Karels, and Keith Bostic: "
"link:http://docs.FreeBSD.org/44doc/papers/releng.html[The Release "
"Engineering of 4.3BSD]] , the NetBSD Project, footnote:[NetBSD Developer "
"Documentation: Release Engineering http://www.NetBSD.org/developers/releng/"
"index.html] , and John Baldwin's proposed release engineering process notes. "
"footnote:[John Baldwin's FreeBSD Release Engineering Proposal https://"
"people.FreeBSD.org/~jhb/docs/releng.txt]"
msgstr ""