path: root/documentation/content/es/articles/linux-users/_index.po

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project
# This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package.
# Fernando  Apesteguía <fernando.apesteguia@gmail.com>, 2021, 2022, 2023.
# Juan David Jaramillo Ortiz <juanda097@protonmail.ch>, 2023.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-06-19 21:08-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-07-18 09:31+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Fernando  Apesteguía <fernando.apesteguia@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish <https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/projects/"
"documentation/articleslinux-users_index/es/>\n"
"Language: es\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"X-Generator: Weblate 4.17\n"

#. type: YAML Front Matter: description
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "This document is intended to quickly familiarize intermediate to advanced Linux® users with the basics of FreeBSD."
msgstr "Este documento está pensado para que usuarios intermedios o avanzados de Linux(R) se familiaricen rápido con el funcionamiento básico de FreeBSD."

#. type: YAML Front Matter: title
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD Quickstart Guide for Linux® Users"
msgstr "Guía Rápida de FreeBSD para Usuarios de Linux(R)"

#. type: Title =
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:11
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD Quickstart Guide for Linux(R) Users"
msgstr "Guía Rápida de FreeBSD para Usuarios de Linux(R)"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:44
msgid "Abstract"
msgstr "Resumen"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:46
msgid ""
"This document is intended to quickly familiarize intermediate to advanced "
"Linux(R) users with the basics of FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"Este documento está pensado para que usuarios intermedios y avanzados de "
"Linux(R) se familiaricen rápidamente con el funcionamiento de FreeBSD."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:48
msgid "'''"
msgstr "'''"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:52
#, no-wrap
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr "Introducción"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:55
msgid ""
"This document highlights some of the technical differences between FreeBSD "
"and Linux(R) so that intermediate to advanced Linux(R) users can quickly "
"familiarize themselves with the basics of FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"Este documento resalta algunas de las diferencias técnicas entre FreeBSD y "
"Linux(R) de forma que los usuarios intermedios y avanzados de Linux(R) se "
"puedan familiarizar con el funcionamiento básico de FreeBSD."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:58
msgid ""
"This document assumes that FreeBSD is already installed.  Refer to the "
"extref:{handbook}[Installing FreeBSD, bsdinstall] chapter of the FreeBSD "
"Handbook for help with the installation process."
msgstr ""
"Este documento asume que FreeBSD ya está instalado. Consulta el capítulo "
"extref:{handbook}[Instalar FreeBSD, bsdinstall] del FreeBSD Handbook para "
"obtener ayuda con el proceso de instalación."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:60
#, no-wrap
msgid "Default Shell"
msgstr "Shell por Defecto"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:68
msgid ""
"Linux(R) users are often surprised to find that Bash is not the default "
"shell in FreeBSD.  In fact, Bash is not included in the default "
"installation.  Instead, the Bourne shell-compatible man:sh[1] as the default "
"user shell.  The root shell is man:tcsh[1] by default on FreeBSD 13 and "
"earlier and man:sh[1] on FreeBSD 14 and later.  man:sh[1] is very similar to "
"Bash but with a much smaller feature-set.  Generally shell scripts written "
"for man:sh[1] will run in Bash, but the reverse is not always true."
msgstr ""
"Los usuarios de Linux(R) normalmente se sorprenden al ver que Bash no es el "
"shell por defecto en FreeBSD. De hecho, Bash no se incluye en la instalación "
"por defecto. En su lugar, se usa por defecto el shell compatible con Bourne "
"man:sh[1] para los usuarios. El shell por defecto para root es man:tcsh[1] "
"en FreeBSD 13 y anteriores y man:sh[1] en FreeBSD 14 y posteriores man:sh[1] "
"es muy similar a Bash pero con muchas menos funcionalidades. Normalmente los "
"shell scripts escritos para man:sh[1] se podrán ejecutar en Bash, pero a la "
"inversa no es siempre cierto."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:70
msgid ""
"However, Bash and other shells are available for installation using the "
"FreeBSD extref:{handbook}[Packages and Ports Collection, ports]."
msgstr ""
"Sin embargo, Bash y otros shells están disponibles para su instalación "
"utilizando los extref:{handbook}[Paquetes y la Colección de Ports, ports] de "
"FreeBSD."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:75
msgid ""
"After installing another shell, use man:chsh[1] to change a user's default "
"shell.  It is recommended that the `root` user's default shell remain "
"unchanged since shells which are not included in the base distribution are "
"installed to [.filename]#/usr/local/bin#.  In the event of a problem, the "
"file system where [.filename]#/usr/local/bin# is located may not be "
"mounted.  In this case, `root` would not have access to its default shell, "
"preventing `root` from logging in and fixing the problem."
msgstr ""
"Después de instalar otro shell, utiliza man:chsh[1] para cambiar el shell "
"por defecto del usuario. Se recomienda que no se cambie el shell por defecto "
"del usuario root ya que los shells que no se incluyen en la distribución "
"base se instalan en [.filename]#/usr/local/bin#. En caso de que haya un "
"problema, el sistema de ficheros donde se encuentra [.filename]#/usr/local/"
"bin# podría no ser montado. En ese caso, `root` podría no tener acceso a su "
"shell por defecto, evitando que pueda iniciar sesión y arreglar el problema."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:77
#, no-wrap
msgid "Packages and Ports: Adding Software in FreeBSD"
msgstr "Paquetes y Ports: Instalar Software en FreeBSD"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:81
msgid ""
"FreeBSD provides two methods for installing applications: binary packages "
"and compiled ports.  Each method has its own benefits:"
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD proporciona dos métodos para instalar aplicaciones: paquetes "
"binarios y ports compilados. Cada método tiene sus propias ventajas:"

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:82
#, no-wrap
msgid "Binary Packages"
msgstr "Paquetes Binarios"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:84
msgid "Faster installation as compared to compiling large applications."
msgstr ""
"Instalación más rápida comparado con la compilación de aplicaciones de gran "
"tamaño."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:85
msgid "Does not require an understanding of how to compile software."
msgstr "No es necesario saber cómo compilar software."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:86
msgid "No need to install a compiler."
msgstr "No es necesario instalar un compilador."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:87
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:112
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ports"
msgstr "Ports"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:89
msgid "Ability to customize installation options."
msgstr "Posibilidad de personalizar las opciones de instalación."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:90
msgid "Custom patches can be applied."
msgstr "Se pueden aplicar parches personalizados."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:94
msgid ""
"If an application installation does not require any customization, "
"installing the package is sufficient.  Compile the port instead whenever an "
"application requires customization of the default options.  If needed, a "
"custom package can be compiled from ports using `make package`."
msgstr ""
"Si la instalación de una aplicación no necesita ninguna personalización, "
"instalar el paquete es suficiente. En cambio, compila el port cuando una "
"aplicación requiera personalización de las opciones por defecto. Si es "
"necesario, se puede compilar un paquete personalizado a partir de ports "
"utilizando `make package`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:96
msgid ""
"A complete list of all available ports and packages can be found https://www."
"freebsd.org/ports/[here]."
msgstr ""
"https://www.freebsd.org/ports/[Aquí] se puede encontrar una lista completa "
"de todos los ports y paquetes disponibles."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:98
#, no-wrap
msgid "Packages"
msgstr "Paquetes"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:103
msgid ""
"Packages are pre-compiled applications, the FreeBSD equivalents of [."
"filename]#.deb# files on Debian/Ubuntu based systems and [.filename]#.rpm# "
"files on Red Hat/Fedora based systems.  Packages are installed using `pkg`.  "
"For example, the following command installs Apache 2.4:"
msgstr ""
"Los paquetes son aplicaciones precompiladas, los equivalentes en FreeBSD de "
"los ficheros [.filename]#.deb# de sistemas basados en Debian/Ubuntu y los "
"ficheros [.filename]#.rpm# files en los sistemas basados en Red Hat/Fedora. "
"Los paquetes se instalan utilizando `pkg`. Por ejemplo, el siguiente comando "
"instala Apache 2.4:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:107
#, no-wrap
msgid "# pkg install apache24\n"
msgstr "# pkg install apache24\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:110
msgid ""
"For more information on packages refer to section 5.4 of the FreeBSD "
"Handbook: extref:{handbook}[Using pkgng for Binary Package Management, pkgng-"
"intro]."
msgstr ""
"Para más información acerca de paquetes consulta la sección 5.4 del FreeBSD "
"Handbook: extref:{handbook}[Usar pkgng para la Gestión de Paquetes Binarios, "
"pkgng-intro]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:116
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD Ports Collection is a framework of [.filename]#Makefiles# and "
"patches specifically customized for installing applications from source on "
"FreeBSD.  When installing a port, the system will fetch the source code, "
"apply any required patches, compile the code, and install the application "
"and any required dependencies."
msgstr ""
"La Colección de Ports de FreeBSD es un framework de [.filename]#Makefiles# y "
"parches específicamente personalizados para instalar aplicaciones con su "
"código fuente en FreeBSD. Al instalar un port, el sistema buscará el código "
"fuente, aplicará los parches necesarios, compilará el código e instalará la "
"aplicación y las dependencias necesarias."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:119
msgid ""
"The Ports Collection, sometimes referred to as the ports tree, can be "
"installed to [.filename]#/usr/ports# using link:{handbook}mirrors/"
"#git[Git].  Detailed instructions for installing the Ports Collection can be "
"found in extref:{handbook}[section 4.5.1, ports-using-installation-methods] "
"of the FreeBSD Handbook."
msgstr ""
"La Colección de Ports, a veces llamada árbol de ports (ports tree), se puede "
"instalar en  [.filename]#/usr/ports# utilizando link:{handbook}mirrors/"
"#git[Git]. Se pueden encontrar instrucciones detalladas para instalar la "
"Colección de Ports en la extref:{handbook}[sección 4.5.1, ports-using-"
"installation-methods] del FreeBSD Handbook."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:121
msgid ""
"To compile a port, change to the port's directory and start the build "
"process. The following example installs Apache 2.4 from the Ports Collection:"
msgstr ""
"Para compilar un port, cambia al directorio del port e inicia el proceso de "
"construcción. El siguiente ejemplo instala Apache 2.4 desde la Colección de "
"Ports:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:126
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /usr/ports/www/apache24\n"
"# make install clean\n"
msgstr ""
"# cd /usr/ports/www/apache24\n"
"# make install clean\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:130
msgid ""
"A benefit of using ports to install software is the ability to customize the "
"installation options.  This example specifies that the mod_ldap module "
"should also be installed:"
msgstr ""
"Un beneficio de usar ports para instalar software es la posibilidad de "
"personalizar las opciones de instalación. Este ejemplo especifica que el "
"módulo mod_ldap debería instalarse también:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:135
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /usr/ports/www/apache24\n"
"# make WITH_LDAP=\"YES\" install clean\n"
msgstr ""
"# cd /usr/ports/www/apache24\n"
"# make WITH_LDAP=\"YES\" install clean\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:138
msgid ""
"Refer to extref:{handbook}[Using the Ports Collection, ports-using] for more "
"information."
msgstr ""
"Consulta extref:{handbook}[Usar la Colección de Ports, ports-using] para más "
"información."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:140
#, no-wrap
msgid "System Startup"
msgstr "Inicio del Sistema"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:147
msgid ""
"Many Linux(R) distributions use the SysV init system, whereas FreeBSD uses "
"the traditional BSD-style man:init[8].  Under the BSD-style man:init[8], "
"there are no run-levels and [.filename]#/etc/inittab# does not exist.  "
"Instead, startup is controlled by man:rc[8] scripts.  At system boot, [."
"filename]#/etc/rc# reads [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# and [.filename]#/etc/"
"defaults/rc.conf# to determine which services are to be started.  The "
"specified services are then started by running the corresponding service "
"initialization scripts located in [.filename]#/etc/rc.d/# and [.filename]#/"
"usr/local/etc/rc.d/#. These scripts are similar to the scripts located in [."
"filename]#/etc/init.d/# on Linux(R) systems."
msgstr ""
"Muchas distribuciones Linux(R) utilizan el sistema de arranque de SysV, "
"mientras que FreeBSD utiliza el man:init[8] tradicional de BSD. Bajo el man:"
"init[8] tradicional de BSD, no hay niveles de ejecución (run-levels) y no "
"existe [.filename]#/etc/inittab#. En su lugar, el arranque se controla con "
"scripts man:rc[8]. Cuando el sistema arranca, [.filename]#/etc/rc# lee [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf# y [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# para determinar "
"qué servicios se tienen que arrancar. Los servicios especificados se "
"arrancan ejecutando el script de inicialización correspondiente situado en [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.d/# y [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/rc.d/#. Estos scripts son "
"parecidos a los que se encuentran en [.filename]#/etc/init.d/# en los "
"sistemas Linux(R)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:150
msgid ""
"The scripts found in [.filename]#/etc/rc.d/# are for applications that are "
"part of the \"base\" system, such as man:cron[8], man:sshd[8], and man:"
"syslog[3].  The scripts in [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/rc.d/# are for user-"
"installed applications such as Apache and Squid."
msgstr ""
"Los scripts que se encuentran en [.filename]#/etc/rc.d/# son para "
"aplicaciones que forman parte del sistema \"base\", como man:cron[8], man:"
"sshd[8], y man:syslog[3]. Los scripts en [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/rc.d/# "
"son para aplicaciones instaladas por el usuario como Apache y Squid."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:155
msgid ""
"Since FreeBSD is developed as a complete operating system, user-installed "
"applications are not considered to be part of the \"base\" system.  User-"
"installed applications are generally installed using extref:{handbook}"
"[Packages or Ports, ports-using].  In order to keep them separate from the "
"base system, user-installed applications are installed under [.filename]#/"
"usr/local/#.  Therefore, user-installed binaries reside in [.filename]#/usr/"
"local/bin/#, configuration files are in [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/#, and so "
"on."
msgstr ""
"Puesto que FreeBSD se desarrolla como un sistema operativo completo, las "
"aplicaciones instaladas por el usuario no se consideran parte del sistema "
"\"base\". Las aplicaciones instaladas por el usuario normalmente se instalan "
"mediante extref:{handbook}[Paquetes o Ports, ports-using]. Para mantenerlos "
"separados del sistema base, estas aplicaciones se instalan en [.filename]#/"
"usr/local/#. Por lo tanto, los binarios instalados por el usuario se "
"encuentran en [.filename]#/usr/local/bin/#, los ficheros de configuración en "
"[.filename]#/usr/local/etc/#, y así sucesivamente."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:160
msgid ""
"Services are enabled by adding an entry for the service in [.filename]#/etc/"
"rc.conf#.  The system defaults are found in [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc."
"conf# and these default settings are overridden by settings in [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.conf#.  Refer to man:rc.conf[5] for more information about the "
"available entries.  When installing additional applications, review the "
"application's install message to determine how to enable any associated "
"services."
msgstr ""
"Los servicios se habilitan añadiendo una entrada para el servicio en  [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. Los predeterminados del sistema se encuentran en [."
"filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# a los que se anteponen los servicios en [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. Consulta man:rc.conf[5] para más información acerca "
"de las entradas disponibles. Cuando instales aplicaciones adicionales, "
"revisa los mensajes de instalación de la aplicación para determinar cómo "
"activar cualquier servicio que tenga asociado."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:162
msgid ""
"The following entries in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# enable man:sshd[8], "
"enable Apache 2.4, and specify that Apache should be started with SSL."
msgstr ""
"Las siguientes entradas en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# activan man:sshd[8], "
"activan Apache 2.4, y especifican que Apache debería arrancar con SSL."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:170
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# enable SSHD\n"
"sshd_enable=\"YES\"\n"
"# enable Apache with SSL\n"
"apache24_enable=\"YES\"\n"
"apache24_flags=\"-DSSL\"\n"
msgstr ""
"# activa SSHD\n"
"sshd_enable=\"YES\"\n"
"# activa Apache con SSL\n"
"apache24_enable=\"YES\"\n"
"apache24_flags=\"-DSSL\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:173
msgid ""
"Once a service has been enabled in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#, it can be "
"started without rebooting the system:"
msgstr ""
"Una vez que un servicio ha sido activado en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#, puede "
"iniciarse sin reiniciar el sistema:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:178
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# service sshd start\n"
"# service apache24 start\n"
msgstr ""
"# service sshd start\n"
"# service apache24 start\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:181
msgid ""
"If a service has not been enabled, it can be started from the command line "
"using `onestart`:"
msgstr ""
"Si un servicio no se ha habilitado, se puede arrancar desde la línea de "
"comando utilizando `onestart`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:185
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service sshd onestart\n"
msgstr "# service sshd onestart\n"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:188
#, no-wrap
msgid "Network Configuration"
msgstr "Configuración de la Red"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:192
msgid ""
"Instead of a generic _ethX_ identifier that Linux(R) uses to identify a "
"network interface, FreeBSD uses the driver name followed by a number.  The "
"following output from man:ifconfig[8] shows two Intel(R) Pro 1000 network "
"interfaces ([.filename]#em0# and [.filename]#em1#):"
msgstr ""
"En lugar de un identificador genérico _ethX_ que Linux(R) utiliza para "
"identificar un interfaz de red, FreeBSD utiliza el nombre del controlador "
"seguido de un número. Lo siguiente salida del comando man:ifconfig[8] "
"muestra dos interfaces de red Intel(R) Pro 1000 ([.filename]#em0# y [."
"filename]#em1#):"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:208
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% ifconfig\n"
"em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>\n"
"        inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.10.10.255\n"
"        ether 00:50:56:a7:70:b2\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)\n"
"        status: active\n"
"em1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>\n"
"        inet 192.168.10.222 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.10.255\n"
"        ether 00:50:56:a7:03:2b\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)\n"
"        status: active\n"
msgstr ""
"% ifconfig\n"
"em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>\n"
"        inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.10.10.255\n"
"        ether 00:50:56:a7:70:b2\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)\n"
"        status: active\n"
"em1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>\n"
"        inet 192.168.10.222 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.10.255\n"
"        ether 00:50:56:a7:03:2b\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)\n"
"        status: active\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:213
msgid ""
"An IP address can be assigned to an interface using man:ifconfig[8].  To "
"remain persistent across reboots, the IP configuration must be included in [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf#.  The following [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# entries "
"specify the hostname, IP address, and default gateway:"
msgstr ""
"Se puede asignar una dirección IP a un interfaz utilizando man:ifconfig[8]. "
"Para que permanezca de forma persistente entre arranques, la configuración "
"IP se debe incluir en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. Las siguientes entradas en "
"[.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# especifican el nombre del host, dirección IP, y la "
"pasarela por defecto:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:219
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hostname=\"server1.example.com\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"defaultrouter=\"10.10.10.1\"\n"
msgstr ""
"hostname=\"server1.example.com\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"defaultrouter=\"10.10.10.1\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:222
msgid "Use the following entries to instead configure an interface for DHCP:"
msgstr ""
"Utiliza las siguientes entradas si en su lugar quieres configurar un "
"interfaz con DHCP:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:227
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hostname=\"server1.example.com\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"DHCP\"\n"
msgstr ""
"hostname=\"server1.example.com\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"DHCP\"\n"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:230
#, no-wrap
msgid "Firewall"
msgstr "Firewall"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:234
msgid ""
"FreeBSD does not use Linux(R) IPTABLES for its firewall.  Instead, FreeBSD "
"offers a choice of three kernel level firewalls:"
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD no utiliza como firewall el IPTABLES de Linux(R). En su lugar, "
"FreeBSD ofrece tres posibles firewalls a nivel de kernel:"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:236
msgid "extref:{handbook}[PF, firewalls-pf]"
msgstr "extref:{handbook}[PF, firewalls-pf]"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:237
msgid "extref:{handbook}[IPFILTER, firewalls-ipf]"
msgstr "extref:{handbook}[IPFILTER, firewalls-ipf]"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:238
msgid "extref:{handbook}[IPFW, firewalls-ipfw]"
msgstr "extref:{handbook}[IPFW, firewalls-ipfw]"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:242
msgid ""
"PF is developed by the OpenBSD project and ported to FreeBSD.  PF was "
"created as a replacement for IPFILTER and its syntax is similar to that of "
"IPFILTER.  PF can be paired with man:altq[4] to provide QoS features."
msgstr ""
"PF es desarrollado por el proyecto OpenBSD y ha sido portado a FreeBSD. PF "
"se creó como reemplazo de IPFILTER y su sintaxis es muy similar a la que "
"tenía este último. PF se puede usar junto con man:altq[4] para proporcionar "
"características QoS."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:244
msgid "This sample PF entry allows inbound SSH:"
msgstr "Este ejemplo de entrada de PF permite conexiones entrantes SSH:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:248
#, no-wrap
msgid "pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22\n"
msgstr "pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:252
msgid ""
"IPFILTER is the firewall application developed by Darren Reed.  It is not "
"specific to FreeBSD and has been ported to several operating systems "
"including NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS, HP/UX, and Solaris."
msgstr ""
"IPFILTER es el firewall desarrollado por Darren Reed. No es específico de "
"FreeBSD y se ha portado a varios sistemas operativos, incluidos NetBSD, "
"OpenBSD, SunOS, HP/UX y Solaris."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:254
msgid "The IPFILTER syntax to allow inbound SSH is:"
msgstr ""
"La sintaxis de IPFILTER utilizada para permitir conexiones entrantes de SSH "
"es:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:258
#, no-wrap
msgid "pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port = 22\n"
msgstr "pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port = 22\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:262
msgid ""
"IPFW is the firewall developed and maintained by FreeBSD.  It can be paired "
"with man:dummynet[4] to provide traffic shaping capabilities and simulate "
"different types of network connections."
msgstr ""
"IPFW es el firewall desarrollado y mantenido por FreeBSD. Se puede utilizar "
"junto con man:dummynet[4] para proporcionar capacidades de perfilado de "
"tráfico y simular distintos tipos de conexiones de red."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:264
msgid "The IPFW syntax to allow inbound SSH would be:"
msgstr "La sintaxis de IPFW para permitir conexiones entrantes de SSH sería:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:268
#, no-wrap
msgid "ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if\n"
msgstr "ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if\n"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:271
#, no-wrap
msgid "Updating FreeBSD"
msgstr "Actualizando FreeBSD"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:274
msgid ""
"There are two methods for updating a FreeBSD system: from source or binary "
"updates."
msgstr ""
"Hay dos métodos para actualizar un sistema FreeBSD: a partir del código "
"fuente o mediante la actualización de los binarios."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:278
msgid ""
"Updating from source is the most involved update method, but offers the "
"greatest amount of flexibility.  The process involves synchronizing a local "
"copy of the FreeBSD source code with the FreeBSD Git repository.  Once the "
"local source code is up-to-date, a new version of the kernel and userland "
"can be compiled."
msgstr ""
"Actualizar desde código fuente es el método más complejo pero el que ofrece "
"mayor flexibilidad. El proceso implica la sincronización de una copia local "
"del código fuente de FreeBSD con los repositorios Git de FreeBSD. Una vez "
"actualizado el código fuente, se pueden compilar nuevas versiones de las "
"utilidades y el kernel."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:282
msgid ""
"Binary updates are similar to using `yum` or `apt-get` to update a Linux(R) "
"system.  In FreeBSD, man:freebsd-update[8] can be used fetch new binary "
"updates and install them.  These updates can be scheduled using man:cron[8]."
msgstr ""
"Las actualizaciones binarias son similares a utilizar `yum` o `apt-get` para "
"actualizar un sistema Linux(R). En FreeBSD, se puede utilizar man:freebsd-"
"update[8] para obtener e instalar actualizaciones binarias. Estas "
"actualizaciones se pueden programar utilizando man:cron[8]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:286
msgid ""
"When using man:cron[8] to schedule updates, use `freebsd-update cron` in the "
"man:crontab[1] to reduce the possibility of a large number of machines all "
"pulling updates at the same time:"
msgstr ""
"Cuando se use man:cron[8] para planificar actualizaciones, utiliza `freebsd-"
"update cron` en man:crontab[1] para reducir la posibilidad de un gran número "
"de máquinas obteniendo las actualizaciones todas al mismo tiempo:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:290
#, no-wrap
msgid "0 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron\n"
msgstr "0 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:295
msgid ""
"For more information on source and binary updates, refer to extref:{handbook}"
"[the chapter on updating, updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate] in the FreeBSD "
"Handbook."
msgstr ""
"Para más información sobre las actualizaciones binarias, consulta "
"extref:{handbook}[el capítulo sobre actualizaciones, updating-upgrading-"
"freebsdupdate] en el FreeBSD Handbook."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:297
#, no-wrap
msgid "procfs: Gone But Not Forgotten"
msgstr "procfs: Desaparecido Pero No Olvidado"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:301
msgid ""
"In some Linux(R) distributions, one could look at [.filename]#/proc/sys/net/"
"ipv4/ip_forward# to determine if IP forwarding is enabled.  In FreeBSD, man:"
"sysctl[8] is instead used to view this and other system settings."
msgstr ""
"En algunas distribuciones Linux(R), uno puede mirar en [.filename]#/proc/sys/"
"net/ipv4/ip_forward# para determinar si IP forwarding está activado. En "
"FreeBSD, se usa man:sysctl[8] para ver esta y otras configuraciones del "
"sistema."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:303
msgid ""
"For example, use the following to determine if IP forwarding is enabled on a "
"FreeBSD system:"
msgstr ""
"Por ejemplo, utiliza lo siguiente para determinar si IP forwarding está "
"activado en un sistema FreeBSD:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:308
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding\n"
"net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0\n"
msgstr ""
"% sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding\n"
"net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:311
msgid "Use `-a` to list all the system settings:"
msgstr "Usa `-a` para listar toda la configuración del sistema:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:315
#, no-wrap
msgid "% sysctl -a | more\n"
msgstr "% sysctl -a | more\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:318
msgid ""
"If an application requires procfs, add the following entry to [.filename]#/"
"etc/fstab#:"
msgstr ""
"Si una aplicación necesita procfs, añade la siguiente línea a [.filename]#/"
"etc/fstab#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:322
#, no-wrap
msgid "proc                /proc           procfs  rw,noauto       0       0\n"
msgstr "proc                /proc           procfs  rw,noauto       0       0\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:325
msgid ""
"Including `noauto` will prevent [.filename]#/proc# from being automatically "
"mounted at boot."
msgstr ""
"Incluir `noauto` impedirá que [.filename]#/proc# se monte de forma "
"automática al arrancar."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:327
msgid "To mount the file system without rebooting:"
msgstr "Para montar el sistema de archivos sin reiniciar:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:331
#, no-wrap
msgid "# mount /proc\n"
msgstr "# mount /proc\n"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:334
#, no-wrap
msgid "Common Commands"
msgstr "Comandos Comunes"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:337
msgid "Some common command equivalents are as follows:"
msgstr "Algunos equivalentes de los comandos comunes son los siguientes:"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:342
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux(R) command (Red Hat/Debian)"
msgstr "Comando Linux(R) (Red Hat/Debian)"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:343
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD equivalent"
msgstr "Equivalente FreeBSD"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:345
#, no-wrap
msgid "Purpose"
msgstr "Propósito"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:346
#, no-wrap
msgid "`yum install _package_` / `apt-get install _package_`"
msgstr "`yum install _package_` / `apt-get install _package_`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:347
#, no-wrap
msgid "`pkg install _package_`"
msgstr "`pkg install _package_`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:349
#, no-wrap
msgid "Install package from remote repository"
msgstr "Instalar un paquete de un repositorio remoto"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:350
#, no-wrap
msgid "`rpm -ivh _package_` / `dpkg -i _package_`"
msgstr "`rpm -ivh _package_` / `dpkg -i _package_`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:351
#, no-wrap
msgid "`pkg add _package_`"
msgstr "`pkg add _package_`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:353
#, no-wrap
msgid "Install local package"
msgstr "Instalar un paquete local"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:354
#, no-wrap
msgid "`rpm -qa` / `dpkg -l`"
msgstr "`rpm -qa` / `dpkg -l`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:355
#, no-wrap
msgid "`pkg info`"
msgstr "`pkg info`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:357
#, no-wrap
msgid "List installed packages"
msgstr "Listar paquetes instalados"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:358
#, no-wrap
msgid "`lspci`"
msgstr "`lspci`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:359
#, no-wrap
msgid "`pciconf`"
msgstr "`pciconf`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:361
#, no-wrap
msgid "List PCI devices"
msgstr "Listar dispositivos PCI"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:362
#, no-wrap
msgid "`lsmod`"
msgstr "`lsmod`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:363
#, no-wrap
msgid "`kldstat`"
msgstr "`kldstat`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:365
#, no-wrap
msgid "List loaded kernel modules"
msgstr "Listar módulos del kernel cargados"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:366
#, no-wrap
msgid "`modprobe`"
msgstr "`modprobe`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:367
#, no-wrap
msgid "`kldload` / `kldunload`"
msgstr "`kldload` / `kldunload`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:369
#, no-wrap
msgid "Load/Unload kernel modules"
msgstr "Cargar/Descargar módulos del kernel"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:370
#, no-wrap
msgid "`strace`"
msgstr "`strace`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:371
#, no-wrap
msgid "`truss`"
msgstr "`truss`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:372
#, no-wrap
msgid "Trace system calls"
msgstr "Trazar llamadas al sistema"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:375
#, no-wrap
msgid "Conclusion"
msgstr "Conclusión"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:378
msgid ""
"This document has provided an overview of FreeBSD.  Refer to the extref:"
"{handbook}[FreeBSD Handbook] for more in-depth coverage of these topics as "
"well as the many topics not covered by this document."
msgstr ""
"Este documento ha proporcionado un resumen de FreeBSD. Consulta el extref:"
"{handbook}[FreeBSD Handbook] para una cobertura más en profundidad sobre "
"estos temas así como de muchos de los temas no cubiertos en este documento."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[] include::shared/"
#~ "{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists."
#~ "adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[]\n"
#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[]\n"
#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists.adoc[]\n"
#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]"