path: root/documentation/content/es/articles/rc-scripting/_index.po

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# Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project
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# Fernando  Apesteguía <fernando.apesteguia@gmail.com>, 2021, 2022.
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#. type: YAML Front Matter: description
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "A guide to writing new rc.d scripts and understanding those already written"
msgstr ""
"Una guía para escribir nuevos scripts rc.d y entender aquellos que ya están "
"escritos"

#. type: Title =
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:12
#, no-wrap
msgid "Practical rc.d scripting in BSD"
msgstr "Scripting práctico rc.d en BSD"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:45
msgid "Abstract"
msgstr "Resumen"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:49
msgid ""
"Beginners may find it difficult to relate the facts from the formal "
"documentation on the BSD [.filename]#rc.d# framework with the practical "
"tasks of [.filename]#rc.d# scripting.  In this article, we consider a few "
"typical cases of increasing complexity, show [.filename]#rc.d# features "
"suited for each case, and discuss how they work.  Such an examination should "
"provide reference points for further study of the design and efficient "
"application of [.filename]#rc.d#."
msgstr ""
"Los principiantes pueden tener dificultades para relacionar los hechos de la "
"documentación formal del framwork [.filename]#rc.d# de BSD con las tareas "
"prácticas de scripting de [.filename]#rc.d#. En este artículo, consideramos "
"algunos casos típicos de complejidad creciente, mostramos [.filename]#rc.d# "
"características adecuadas para cada caso y comentamos cómo funcionan. Dicho "
"examen debe proporcionar puntos de referencia para un estudio más detallado "
"del diseño y la aplicación eficiente de [.filename]#rc.d#."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:51
msgid "'''"
msgstr "'''"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:55
#, no-wrap
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr "Introducción"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:61
msgid ""
"The historical BSD had a monolithic startup script, [.filename]#/etc/rc#.  "
"It was invoked by man:init[8] at system boot time and performed all userland "
"tasks required for multi-user operation: checking and mounting file systems, "
"setting up the network, starting daemons, and so on.  The precise list of "
"tasks was not the same in every system; admins needed to customize it.  With "
"few exceptions, [.filename]#/etc/rc# had to be modified, and true hackers "
"liked it."
msgstr ""
"El BSD histórico tenía un script de arranque monolítico, [.filename]#/etc/rc#"
". Era invocado por man:init[8] durante el arranque del sistema y realizaba "
"todas las tareas en modo usuario que se requerían para operar en modo multi-"
"usuario: comprobar y montar los sistemas de ficheros, configurar la red, "
"arrancar demonios y demás. La lista precisa de tareas no era la misma en "
"cada sistema; los administradores necesitaban personalizarla. Salvo en unas "
"pocas excepciones, se tenía que modificar [.filename]#/etc/rc#, y a los "
"verdaderos hackers les gustaba."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:67
msgid ""
"The real problem with the monolithic approach was that it provided no "
"control over the individual components started from [.filename]#/etc/rc#.  "
"For instance, [.filename]#/etc/rc# could not restart a single daemon.  The "
"system admin had to find the daemon process by hand, kill it, wait until it "
"actually exited, then browse through [.filename]#/etc/rc# for the flags, and "
"finally type the full command line to start the daemon again.  The task "
"would become even more difficult and prone to errors if the service to "
"restart consisted of more than one daemon or demanded additional actions.  "
"In a few words, the single script failed to fulfil what scripts are for: to "
"make the system admin's life easier."
msgstr ""
"El verdadero problema con el enfoque monolítico era que no proporcionaba "
"control sobre los componentes individuales a partir de [.filename]#/etc/rc#. "
"Por ejemplo, [.filename]#/etc/rc# no podía reiniciar un solo demonio. El "
"administrador del sistema tenía que encontrar el proceso del demonio a mano, "
"matarlo, esperar hasta que realmente terminara y luego examinar [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc# para los flags, y finalmente escribir la línea de comando completa "
"para iniciar el demonio nuevamente. La tarea se volvía aún más difícil y "
"propensa a errores si el servicio a reiniciar consistía en más de un demonio "
"o exigía acciones adicionales. En pocas palabras, el script único no cumplía "
"con el propósito de los scripts: facilitar la vida del administrador del "
"sistema."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:74
msgid ""
"Later there was an attempt to split out some parts of [.filename]#/etc/rc# "
"for the sake of starting the most important subsystems separately.  The "
"notorious example was [.filename]#/etc/netstart# to bring up networking.  It "
"did allow for accessing the network from single-user mode, but it did not "
"integrate well into the automatic startup process because parts of its code "
"needed to interleave with actions essentially unrelated to networking.  That "
"was why [.filename]#/etc/netstart# mutated into [.filename]#/etc/rc."
"network#.  The latter was no longer an ordinary script; it comprised of "
"large, tangled man:sh[1] functions called from [.filename]#/etc/rc# at "
"different stages of system startup.  However, as the startup tasks grew "
"diverse and sophisticated, the \"quasi-modular\" approach became even more "
"of a drag than the monolithic [.filename]#/etc/rc# had been."
msgstr ""
"Posteriormente hubo un intento de separar algunas partes de [.filename]#/etc/"
"rc# para poder arrancar los subsistemas más importantes de forma separada. "
"Un ejemplo importante era [.filename]#/etc/netstart# para levantar la red. "
"Permitía acceder a la red desde el modo de usuario único, pero no se "
"integraba bien con el proceso de arranque automático debido a que algunas "
"partes de su código necesitaban intercalarse con acciones que en esencia no "
"estaban relacionadas con la red. Por eso [.filename]#/etc/netstart# se "
"cambió a [.filename]#/etc/rc.network#. El segundo ya no era un script "
"ordinario; estaba compuesto de funciones man:sh[1] grandes y entrelazadas "
"que se llamaban desde [.filename]#/etc/rc# en diferentes fases del sistema "
"de arranque. Sin embargo, a medida que las tareas de arranque se hicieron "
"más diversas y sofisticadas, la aproximación \"casi modular\" se convirtió "
"en un lastre casi más de lo que había sido el [.filename]#/etc/rc# "
"monolítico."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:82
msgid ""
"Without a clean and well-designed framework, the startup scripts had to bend "
"over backwards to satisfy the needs of rapidly developing BSD-based "
"operating systems.  It became obvious at last that more steps are necessary "
"on the way to a fine-grained and extensible [.filename]#rc# system.  Thus "
"BSD [.filename]#rc.d# was born.  Its acknowledged fathers were Luke Mewburn "
"and the NetBSD community.  Later it was imported into FreeBSD.  Its name "
"refers to the location of system scripts for individual services, which is "
"in [.filename]#/etc/rc.d#.  Soon we will learn about more components of the "
"[.filename]#rc.d# system and see how the individual scripts are invoked."
msgstr ""
"Sin un framework limpio y bien diseñado, los scripts de inicio tuvieron que "
"hacer todo lo posible para satisfacer las necesidades de los sistemas "
"operativos basados en BSD en rápido desarrollo. Por fin se hizo evidente que "
"se necesitan más pasos en el camino hacia una sistema [.filename]#rc# "
"refinado y extensible. Así nació el [.filename]#rc.d# de BSD. Sus padres "
"reconocidos fueron Luke Mewburn y la comunidad NetBSD. Posteriormente se "
"importó a FreeBSD. Su nombre se refiere a la ubicación de los scripts del "
"sistema para servicios individuales, que se encuentra en [.filename]#/etc/rc."
"d#. Pronto conoceremos más componentes del sistema [.filename]#rc.d# y "
"veremos cómo se invocan los scripts individuales."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:93
msgid ""
"The basic ideas behind BSD [.filename]#rc.d# are _fine modularity_ and "
"__code reuse__.  _Fine modularity_ means that each basic \"service\" such as "
"a system daemon or primitive startup task gets its own man:sh[1] script able "
"to start the service, stop it, reload it, check its status.  A particular "
"action is chosen by the command-line argument to the script.  The [."
"filename]#/etc/rc# script still drives system startup, but now it merely "
"invokes the smaller scripts one by one with the `start` argument.  It is "
"easy to perform shutdown tasks as well by running the same set of scripts "
"with the `stop` argument, which is done by [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown#.  "
"Note how closely this follows the Unix way of having a set of small "
"specialized tools, each fulfilling its task as well as possible.  _Code "
"reuse_ means that common operations are implemented as man:sh[1] functions "
"and collected in [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#.  Now a typical script can be "
"just a few lines' worth of man:sh[1] code.  Finally, an important part of "
"the [.filename]#rc.d# framework is man:rcorder[8], which helps [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc# to run the small scripts orderly with respect to dependencies "
"between them.  It can help [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown#, too, because the "
"proper order for the shutdown sequence is opposite to that of startup."
msgstr ""
"Las ideas básicas detrás del [.filename]#rc.d# de BSD son _modularidad fina_ "
"y __reutilización de código__. _Modularidad fina_ significa que cada "
"\"servicio\" básico tales como un demonio del sistema o una primitiva de "
"arranque tienen su propio script man:sh[1] capaz de arrancar el servicio, "
"pararlo, recargarlo y comprobar su estado. Se escoge una acción particular "
"mediante un argumento en la línea de comando del script. El script [."
"filename]#/etc/rc# todavía dirige el sistema de arranque, pero ahora "
"simplemente invoca scripts más pequeños uno a uno con el argumento `start`. "
"También es fácil realizar tareas de parado ejecutando el mismo conjunto de "
"scripts con el argumento `stop`, que es lo que hace [.filename]#/etc/rc."
"shutdown#. Date cuenta de cómo esto sigue de cerca la manera Unix de tener "
"un conjunto pequeño de herramientas especializadas, cada una realizando su "
"tarea lo mejor posible. _Reutilización de código_ significa que las "
"operaciones comunes están implementadas como funciones man:sh[1] y "
"compiladas en [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#. Ahora un script típico puede tener "
"sólo unas pocas líneas de código man:sh[1]. Finalmente, una parte importante "
"del framework [.filename]#rc.d# es man:rcorder[8], que ayuda a [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc# a ejecutar los scripts pequeños de forma ordenada respecto a las "
"dependencias entre ellos. También puede ayudar a [.filename]#/etc/rc."
"shutdown#, porque el orden adecuado de apagado es el opuesto al de arranque."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:101
msgid ""
"The BSD [.filename]#rc.d# design is described in <<lukem, the original "
"article by Luke Mewburn>>, and the [.filename]#rc.d# components are "
"documented in great detail in <<manpages, the respective manual pages>>.  "
"However, it might not appear obvious to an [.filename]#rc.d# newbie how to "
"tie the numerous bits and pieces together in order to create a well-styled "
"script for a particular task.  Therefore this article will try a different "
"approach to describe [.filename]#rc.d#.  It will show which features should "
"be used in a number of typical cases, and why.  Note that this is not a how-"
"to document because our aim is not at giving ready-made recipes, but at "
"showing a few easy entrances into the [.filename]#rc.d# realm.  Neither is "
"this article a replacement for the relevant manual pages.  Do not hesitate "
"to refer to them for more formal and complete documentation while reading "
"this article."
msgstr ""
"El diseño del [.filename]#rc.d# de BSD se describe en <<lukem, el artículo "
"original de Luke Mewburn>>, y los componentes de [.filename]#rc.d# están "
"documentados con gran detalle en <<manpages, las respectivas páginas de "
"manual>>. Sin embargo, puede que no parezca obvio para un novato de [."
"filename]#rc.d# cómo unir las numerosas partes y piezas para crear un script "
"con estilo para una tarea en particular. Por lo tanto, este artículo "
"intentará un enfoque diferente para describir [.filename]#rc.d#. Mostrará "
"qué funciones deben usarse en varios casos típicos y por qué. Ten en cuenta "
"que este no es un documento de instrucciones porque nuestro objetivo no es "
"dar recetas listas para usar, sino mostrar algunas formas fáciles de "
"introducirse en el reino de [.filename]#rc.d#. Este artículo tampoco "
"sustituye a las páginas del manual correspondientes. No dudes en "
"consultarlas para obtener documentación más formal y completa mientras lees "
"este artículo."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:105
msgid ""
"There are prerequisites to understanding this article.  First of all, you "
"should be familiar with the man:sh[1] scripting language in order to master "
"[.filename]#rc.d#.  In addition, you should know how the system performs "
"userland startup and shutdown tasks, which is described in man:rc[8]."
msgstr ""
"Hay prerequisitos para entender este artículo. Antes de nada, para dominar [."
"filename]#rc.d# deberías estar familiarizado con el lenguaje de scripting de "
"man:sh[1]. Además deberías conocer cómo el sistema realiza las tareas de "
"arranque y parada en modo usuario, que está descrito en man:rc[8]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:108
msgid ""
"This article focuses on the FreeBSD branch of [.filename]#rc.d#.  "
"Nevertheless, it may be useful to NetBSD developers, too, because the two "
"branches of BSD [.filename]#rc.d# not only share the same design but also "
"stay similar in their aspects visible to script authors."
msgstr ""
"Este artículo se centra en la rama FreeBSD de [.filename]#rc.d#. Sin "
"embargo, también puede ser útil para los desarrolladores de NetBSD, porque "
"las dos ramas de [.filename]#rc.d# de BSD no solo comparten el mismo diseño, "
"sino que también son similares en sus aspectos visibles para los creadores "
"de scripts."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:110
#, no-wrap
msgid "Outlining the task"
msgstr "Delineando la tarea"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:114
msgid ""
"A little consideration before starting `$EDITOR` will not hurt.  In order to "
"write a well-tempered [.filename]#rc.d# script for a system service, we "
"should be able to answer the following questions first:"
msgstr ""
"Un poco de reflexión antes de arrancar `$EDITOR` no dolerá. Para escribir un "
"script [.filename]#rc.d# bien hecho para un servicio del sistema, deberíamos "
"poder responder las siguientes preguntas primero:"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:116
msgid "Is the service mandatory or optional?"
msgstr "¿El servicio es obligatorio u opcional?"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:117
msgid ""
"Will the script serve a single program, e.g., a daemon, or perform more "
"complex actions?"
msgstr ""
"¿El script servirá a un solo programa, por ejemplo, un demonio, o realizará "
"acciones más complejas?"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:118
msgid "Which other services will our service depend on, and vice versa?"
msgstr "¿De qué otros servicios dependerá nuestro servicio y viceversa?"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:120
msgid ""
"From the examples that follow we will see why it is important to know the "
"answers to these questions."
msgstr ""
"De los ejemplos que siguen veremos por qué es importante conocer las "
"respuestas a estas preguntas."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:122
#, no-wrap
msgid "A dummy script"
msgstr "Un guión ficticio"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:125
msgid ""
"The following script just emits a message each time the system boots up:"
msgstr ""
"El siguiente script simplemente emite un mensaje cada vez que se inicia el "
"sistema:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:129
#, no-wrap
msgid "#!/bin/sh <.>\n"
msgstr "#!/bin/sh <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:131
#, no-wrap
msgid ". /etc/rc.subr <.>\n"
msgstr ". /etc/rc.subr <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:135
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"name=\"dummy\" <.>\n"
"start_cmd=\"${name}_start\" <.>\n"
"stop_cmd=\":\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""
"name=\"dummy\" <.>\n"
"start_cmd=\"${name}_start\" <.>\n"
"stop_cmd=\":\" <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:140
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"dummy_start() <.>\n"
"{\n"
"\techo \"Nothing started.\"\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"dummy_start() <.>\n"
"{\n"
"\techo \"Nothing started.\"\n"
"}\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:143
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"load_rc_config $name <.>\n"
"run_rc_command \"$1\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""
"load_rc_config $name <.>\n"
"run_rc_command \"$1\" <.>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:146
msgid "Things to note are:"
msgstr "Las cosas a tener en cuenta son:"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:152
msgid ""
"&#10122; An interpreted script should begin with the magic \"shebang\" "
"line.  That line specifies the interpreter program for the script.  Due to "
"the shebang line, the script can be invoked exactly like a binary program "
"provided that it has the execute bit set.  (See man:chmod[1].)  For example, "
"a system admin can run our script manually, from the command line:"
msgstr ""
"&#10122; Un script interpretado debería empezar con la línea mágica \"shebang"
"\". Esa línea especifica el programa intérprete para el script. Gracias a la "
"línea shebang, el script se puede invocar exactamente igual que un programa "
"binario si se ha establecido el bit de ejecución. (Consulta man:chmod[1].) "
"Por ejemplo, un administrador puede ejecutar nuestro script de forma manual, "
"desde la línea de comando:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:156
#, no-wrap
msgid "# /etc/rc.d/dummy start\n"
msgstr "# /etc/rc.d/dummy start\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:162
msgid ""
"In order to be properly managed by the [.filename]#rc.d# framework, its "
"scripts need to be written in the man:sh[1] language.  If you have a service "
"or port that uses a binary control utility or a startup routine written in "
"another language, install that element in [.filename]#/usr/sbin# (for the "
"system) or [.filename]#/usr/local/sbin# (for ports) and call it from a man:"
"sh[1] script in the appropriate [.filename]#rc.d# directory."
msgstr ""
"Para que los scripts puedan ser gestionados por el framework [.filename]#rc."
"d# tienen que estar escritos en lenguaje man:sh[1]. Si tienes un servicio o "
"port que usa una utilidad de control binaria o una rutina de arranque "
"escrita en otro lenguaje, instala ese elemento en [.filename]#/usr/sbin# ("
"para el sistema) o [.filename]#/usr/local/sbin# (para ports) e invócalo "
"desde un script man:sh[1] en el directorio [.filename]#rc.d# apropiado."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:167
msgid ""
"If you would like to learn the details of why [.filename]#rc.d# scripts must "
"be written in the man:sh[1] language, see how [.filename]#/etc/rc# invokes "
"them by means of `run_rc_script`, then study the implementation of "
"`run_rc_script` in [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#."
msgstr ""
"Si quieres conocer los detalles acerca de por qué los scripts de [."
"filename]#rc.d# se tienen que escribir en lenguaje man:sh[1], consulta cómo ["
".filename]#/etc/rc# los invoca mediante `run_rc_script`, luego estudia la "
"implementación de `run_rc_script` en [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:173
msgid ""
"&#10123; In [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#, a number of man:sh[1] functions are "
"defined for an [.filename]#rc.d# script to use.  The functions are "
"documented in man:rc.subr[8].  While it is theoretically possible to write "
"an [.filename]#rc.d# script without ever using man:rc.subr[8], its functions "
"prove extremely handy and make the job an order of magnitude easier. So it "
"is no surprise that everybody resorts to man:rc.subr[8] in [.filename]#rc.d# "
"scripts.  We are not going to be an exception."
msgstr ""
"&#10123; En [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#, se definen un número de funciones "
"man:sh[1] para que las use el script [.filename]#rc.d#. Las funciones están "
"documentadas en man:rc.subr[8]. Aunque es teóricamente posible escribir un "
"script [.filename]#rc.d# sin llegar a usar man:rc.subr[8], sus funciones han "
"demostrado ser extremadamente útiles y hacen el trabajo un orden de magnitud "
"más fácil. Así que no es una sorpresa que todo el mundo recurra a man:rc."
"subr[8] en los scripts de [.filename]#rc.d#. Nosotros no vamos a ser una "
"excepción."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:176
msgid ""
"An [.filename]#rc.d# script must \"source\"[.filename]#/etc/rc.subr# "
"(include it using \"`.`\") _before_ it calls man:rc.subr[8] functions so "
"that man:sh[1] has an opportunity to learn the functions.  The preferred "
"style is to source [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr# first of all."
msgstr ""
"Un script [.filename]#rc.d# debe incluir [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr# ("
"utilizando \"`.`\") _antes_ de llamar a funciones de man:rc.subr[8] de forma "
"que man:sh[1] tenga una oportunidad para saber acerca de las funciones. El "
"estilo preferido es hacer \"source\" de [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr# antes de "
"nada."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:180
msgid ""
"Some useful functions related to networking are provided by another include "
"file, [.filename]#/etc/network.subr#."
msgstr ""
"Algunas funciones útiles relacionadas con redes son proporcionadas por otro "
"archivo de inclusión, [.filename]#/etc/network.subr#."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:185
msgid ""
"&#10124; [[name-var]]The mandatory variable `name` specifies the name of our "
"script.  It is required by man:rc.subr[8].  That is, each [.filename]#rc.d# "
"script _must_ set `name` before it calls man:rc.subr[8] functions."
msgstr ""
"&#10124; [[name-var]] La variable obligatoria `name` especifica el nombre de "
"nuestro script. Es un requisito de man:rc.subr[8]. Es decir, cada script [."
"filename]#rc.d# _debe establecer_ `name` antes de llamar a las funciones de "
"man:rc.subr[8]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:189
msgid ""
"Now it is the right time to choose a unique name for our script once and for "
"all.  We will use it in a number of places while developing the script.  For "
"a start, let us give the same name to the script file, too."
msgstr ""
"Ahora es el momento adecuado para elegir un nombre único para nuestro script "
"de una vez por todas. Lo usaremos en varios lugares mientras desarrollamos "
"el script. Para empezar, démosle también el mismo nombre al archivo del "
"script."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:196
msgid ""
"The current style of [.filename]#rc.d# scripting is to enclose values "
"assigned to variables in double quotes.  Keep in mind that it is just a "
"style issue that may not always be applicable.  You can safely omit quotes "
"from around simple words without man:sh[1] metacharacters in them, while in "
"certain cases you will need single quotes to prevent any interpretation of "
"the value by man:sh[1].  A programmer should be able to tell the language "
"syntax from style conventions and use both of them wisely."
msgstr ""
"El estilo actual de los scripts [.filename]#rc.d# es englobar los valores "
"asignados a variables entre comillas dobles. Ten en cuenta que esto es sólo "
"una cuestión de estilo y que podría no ser aplicable siempre. Puedes omitir "
"las comillas de forma segura alrededor de palabras sencillas que no "
"contengan metacaracteres de man:sh[1], mientras que en ciertos casos "
"necesitarás comillas simples para evitar cualquier interpretación del valor "
"por parte de man:sh[1]. Un programador debería ser capaz de distinguir la "
"sintaxis del lenguaje de las convenciones de estilo y aplicar ambas de forma "
"apropiada."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:202
msgid ""
"&#10125; The main idea behind man:rc.subr[8] is that an [.filename]#rc.d# "
"script provides handlers, or methods, for man:rc.subr[8] to invoke.  In "
"particular, `start`, `stop`, and other arguments to an [.filename]#rc.d# "
"script are handled this way.  A method is a man:sh[1] expression stored in a "
"variable named `argument_cmd`, where _argument_ corresponds to what can be "
"specified on the script's command line.  We will see later how man:rc."
"subr[8] provides default methods for the standard arguments."
msgstr ""
"&#10125; La idea principal detrás de man:rc.subr[8] es que un script [."
"filename]#rc.d# proporciona manejadores, o métodos, para que los invoque "
"man:rc.subr[8]. En particular, `start`, `stop`, y otros argumentos pasados a "
"un script [.filename]#rc.d# se manejan de esta forma. Un método es una "
"expresión man:sh[1] que se almacena en una variable llamada `argument_cmd`, "
"donde _argument_ corresponde a lo que se puede especificar en la línea de "
"comando del script. Luego veremos cómo man:rc.subr[8] proporciona métodos "
"por defecto para los argumentos estándar."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:207
msgid ""
"To make the code in [.filename]#rc.d# more uniform, it is common to use `"
"${name}` wherever appropriate.  Thus a number of lines can be just copied "
"from one script to another."
msgstr ""
"Para hacer el código en [.filename]#rc.d# más uniforme, es común usar "
"`${name}` donde sea apropiado. Por tanto, es posible simplemente copiar "
"varias líneas de un script a otro."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:211
msgid ""
"&#10126; We should keep in mind that man:rc.subr[8] provides default methods "
"for the standard arguments.  Consequently, we must override a standard "
"method with a no-op man:sh[1] expression if we want it to do nothing."
msgstr ""
"&#10126; Deberíamos tener en cuenta que man:rc.subr[8] proporciona métodos "
"por defecto para los argumentos estándar. Consecuentemente, debemos "
"sobrescribir un método con una expresión no-op de man:sh[1] si queremos que "
"no haga nada."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:214
msgid ""
"&#10127; The body of a sophisticated method can be implemented as a "
"function.  It is a good idea to make the function name meaningful."
msgstr ""
"&#10127; El cuerpo de un método sofisticado se puede implementar como una "
"función. Es una buena idea que el nombre de la función tenga un significado."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:218
msgid ""
"It is strongly recommended to add the prefix `${name}` to the names of all "
"functions defined in our script so they never clash with the functions from "
"man:rc.subr[8] or another common include file."
msgstr ""
"Se recomienda encarecidamente añadir el prefijo `${name}` a los nombres de "
"todas las funciones definidas en nuestro script de forma que nunca "
"colisionen con funciones de man:rc.subr[8] o cualquier otro fichero que se "
"incluya de forma habitual."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:222
msgid ""
"&#10128; This call to man:rc.subr[8] loads man:rc.conf[5] variables.  Our "
"script makes no use of them yet, but it still is recommended to load man:rc."
"conf[5] because there can be man:rc.conf[5] variables controlling man:rc."
"subr[8] itself."
msgstr ""
"&#10128; Esta llamada a man:rc.subr[8] carga las variables de man:rc.conf[5]"
". Nuestro script no las utiliza todavía, pero aún así se recomienda cargar "
"man:rc.conf[5] porque puede haber variables de man:rc.conf[5] controlando al "
"propio man:rc.subr[8]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:225
msgid ""
"&#10129; Usually this is the last command in an [.filename]#rc.d# script.  "
"It invokes the man:rc.subr[8] machinery to perform the requested action "
"using the variables and methods our script has provided."
msgstr ""
"&#10129; Normalmente este es el último comando en un script [.filename]#rc.d#"
". Invoca la maquinaria de man:rc.subr[8] para realizar la acción solicitada "
"utilizando las variables y métodos que ha proporcionado nuestro script."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:227
#, no-wrap
msgid "A configurable dummy script"
msgstr "Un script ficticio configurable"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:237
msgid ""
"Now let us add some controls to our dummy script.  As you may know, [."
"filename]#rc.d# scripts are controlled with man:rc.conf[5].  Fortunately, "
"man:rc.subr[8] hides all the complications from us.  The following script "
"uses man:rc.conf[5] via man:rc.subr[8] to see whether it is enabled in the "
"first place, and to fetch a message to show at boot time.  These two tasks "
"in fact are independent.  On the one hand, an [.filename]#rc.d# script can "
"just support enabling and disabling its service.  On the other hand, a "
"mandatory [.filename]#rc.d# script can have configuration variables.  We "
"will do both things in the same script though:"
msgstr ""
"Ahora añadamos algunos controles a nuestro script de prueba. Como sabes, los "
"scripts [.filename]#rc.d# están controlados por man:rc.conf[5]. "
"Afortunadamente, man:rc.subr[8] nos oculta todas las complicaciones. El "
"siguiente script usa man:rc.conf[5] mediante man:rc.subr[8] para ver en "
"primer lugar si está habilitado, y para obtener un mensaje que mostrar en el "
"momento del arranque. Estas dos tareas son de hecho independientes. En un "
"lado, un script [.filename]#rc.d# puede simplemente soportar la activación y "
"desactivación de su servicio. Por otro lado, un script [.filename]#rc.d# "
"obligatorio puede tener las variables de configuración. Sin embargo, "
"nosotros haremos ambas cosas en el mismo script:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:241
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:332
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:389
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:621
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:752
#, no-wrap
msgid "#!/bin/sh\n"
msgstr "#!/bin/sh\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:243
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:334
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:391
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:628
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:754
#, no-wrap
msgid ". /etc/rc.subr\n"
msgstr ". /etc/rc.subr\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:246
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"name=dummy\n"
"rcvar=dummy_enable <.>\n"
msgstr ""
"name=dummy\n"
"rcvar=dummy_enable <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:249
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n"
"stop_cmd=\":\"\n"
msgstr ""
"start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n"
"stop_cmd=\":\"\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:253
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"load_rc_config $name <.>\n"
": ${dummy_enable:=no} <.>\n"
": ${dummy_msg=\"Nothing started.\"} <.>\n"
msgstr ""
"load_rc_config $name <.>\n"
": ${dummy_enable:=no} <.>\n"
": ${dummy_msg=\"Nothing started.\"} <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:258
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"dummy_start()\n"
"{\n"
"\techo \"$dummy_msg\" <.>\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"dummy_start()\n"
"{\n"
"\techo \"$dummy_msg\" <.>\n"
"}\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:260
#, no-wrap
msgid "run_rc_command \"$1\"\n"
msgstr "run_rc_command \"$1\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:263
msgid "What changed in this example?"
msgstr "¿Qué cambió en este ejemplo?"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:265
msgid ""
"&#10122; The variable `rcvar` specifies the name of the ON/OFF knob variable."
msgstr ""
"&#10122; La variable `rcvar` especifica el nombre de la variable ON/OFF."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:267
msgid ""
"&#10123; Now `load_rc_config` is invoked earlier in the script, before any "
"man:rc.conf[5] variables are accessed."
msgstr ""
"&#10123; Ahora `load_rc_config` es invocado pronto en el script, antes de "
"que se acceda a alguna variable de man:rc.conf[5]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:273
msgid ""
"While examining [.filename]#rc.d# scripts, keep in mind that man:sh[1] "
"defers the evaluation of expressions in a function until the latter is "
"called.  Therefore it is not an error to invoke `load_rc_config` as late as "
"just before `run_rc_command` and still access man:rc.conf[5] variables from "
"the method functions exported to `run_rc_command`.  This is because the "
"method functions are to be called by `run_rc_command`, which is invoked "
"_after_ `load_rc_config`."
msgstr ""
"Cuando examines scripts [.filename]#rc.d#, ten en cuenta que man:sh[1] "
"retrasa la evaluación de expresiones en una función hasta que ésta es "
"invocada. Por lo tanto, no es un error invocar `load_rc_config` tan tarde "
"como justo antes de `run_rc_command` y aún así acceder a variables de man:rc."
"conf[5] desde los métodos exportados a `run_rc_command`. Esto es porque los "
"métodos se llaman desde `run_rc_command`, que es invocado _después_ de "
"`load_rc_config`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:279
msgid ""
"&#10124; A warning will be emitted by `run_rc_command` if `rcvar` itself is "
"set, but the indicated knob variable is unset.  If your [.filename]#rc.d# "
"script is for the base system, you should add a default setting for the knob "
"to [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# and document it in man:rc.conf[5].  "
"Otherwise it is your script that should provide a default setting for the "
"knob.  The canonical approach to the latter case is shown in the example."
msgstr ""
"&#10124; Se emitirá un aviso desde `run_rc_command` si `rcvar` está "
"establecida, pero la variable en sí no lo está. Si tu script [.filename]#rc."
"d# es para el sistema base, deberías añadir un valor por defecto para la "
"variable en [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# y documentarlo en man:rc."
"conf[5]. De lo contrario tu script debería proporcionar un valor por defecto "
"para la variable. La aproximación canónica para el último caso se muestra en "
"el ejemplo."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:286
msgid ""
"You can make man:rc.subr[8] act as though the knob is set to `ON`, "
"irrespective of its current setting, by prefixing the argument to the script "
"with `one` or `force`, as in `onestart` or `forcestop`.  Keep in mind though "
"that `force` has other dangerous effects we will touch upon below, while "
"`one` just overrides the ON/OFF knob.  E.g., assume that `dummy_enable` is "
"`OFF`.  The following command will run the `start` method in spite of the "
"setting:"
msgstr ""
"Puedes hacer que man:rc.subr[8] actúe como si la variable estuviera a `ON`, "
"independientemente de su estado actual, poniendo como prefijo del argumento "
"del script `one` o `force`, como en `onestart` o `forcestop`. Ten en cuenta "
"sin embargo que `force` tiene otros efectos peligrosos que mencionaremos "
"abajo, mientras que `one` simplemente tiene preferencia sobre la variable ON/"
"OFF. Por ejemplo, asume que `dummy_enable` es `OFF`. El siguiente comando "
"ejecutará el método `start` a pesar de esa configuración:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:290
#, no-wrap
msgid "# /etc/rc.d/dummy onestart\n"
msgstr "# /etc/rc.d/dummy onestart\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:297
msgid ""
"&#10125; Now the message to be shown at boot time is no longer hard-coded in "
"the script.  It is specified by an man:rc.conf[5] variable named "
"`dummy_msg`.  This is a trivial example of how man:rc.conf[5] variables can "
"control an [.filename]#rc.d# script."
msgstr ""
"&#10125; Ahora el mensaje que se mostrará en el arranque ya no está "
"inmutable en el script. Se especifica en una variable de man:rc.conf[5] "
"llamada `dummy_msg`. Este es un ejemplo trivial de cómo un script de [."
"filename]#rc.d# puede ser controlado por variables de man:rc.conf[5]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:302
msgid ""
"The names of all man:rc.conf[5] variables used exclusively by our script "
"_must_ have the same prefix: `${name}_`.  For example: `dummy_mode`, "
"`dummy_state_file`, and so on."
msgstr ""
"Los nombres de todas las variables man:rc.conf[5] usadas en exclusiva por "
"nuestro script _deben tener_ el mismo prefijo: `${name}_`. Por ejemplo: "
"`dummy_mode`, `dummy_state_file`, y así sucesivamente."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:307
msgid ""
"While it is possible to use a shorter name internally, e.g., just `msg`, "
"adding the unique prefix `${name}_` to all global names introduced by our "
"script will save us from possible collisions with the man:rc.subr[8] "
"namespace."
msgstr ""
"Aunque es posible utilizar internamente un nombre más corto, por ejemplo "
"simplemente `msg`, añadir el prefijo único `${name}_` a todos los nombres "
"globales introducidos por nuestro script nos evitará posibles colisiones en "
"el espacio de nombres de man:rc.subr[8]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:310
msgid ""
"As a rule, [.filename]#rc.d# scripts of the base system need not provide "
"defaults for their man:rc.conf[5] variables because the defaults should be "
"set in [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# instead.  On the other hand, [."
"filename]#rc.d# scripts for ports should provide the defaults as shown in "
"the example."
msgstr ""
"Como norma, los scripts [.filename]#rc.d# del sistema base no necesitan "
"proporcionar valores por defecto para sus variables en man:rc.conf[5] porque "
"estos deberían establecerse en cambio en [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf#. "
"Por otro lado, los scripts [.filename]#rc.d# para ports deberían "
"proporcionar los valores por defecto como se muestra en el ejemplo."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:314
msgid ""
"&#10126; Here we use `dummy_msg` to actually control our script, i.e., to "
"emit a variable message.  Use of a shell function is overkill here, since it "
"only runs a single command; an equally valid alternative is:"
msgstr ""
"&#10126; Aquí utilizamos `dummy_msg` en realidad para controlar nuestro "
"script, es decir, para emitir un mensaje variable. Utilizar una función de "
"shell para esto es demasiado ya que sólo ejecuta un comando. Una alternativa "
"igualmente válida es:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:318
#, no-wrap
msgid "start_cmd=\"echo \\\"$dummy_msg\\\"\"\n"
msgstr "start_cmd=\"echo \\\"$dummy_msg\\\"\"\n"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:321
#, no-wrap
msgid "Startup and shutdown of a simple daemon"
msgstr "Arranque y parada de un demonio simple"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:328
msgid ""
"We said earlier that man:rc.subr[8] could provide default methods.  "
"Obviously, such defaults cannot be too general.  They are suited for the "
"common case of starting and shutting down a simple daemon program.  Let us "
"assume now that we need to write an [.filename]#rc.d# script for such a "
"daemon called `mumbled`.  Here it is:"
msgstr ""
"Dijimos antes que man:rc.subr[8] podía proporcionar métodos por defecto. "
"Obviamente, estos no pueden ser muy generales. Se adaptan bien al caso común "
"de arrancar y parar un programa tipo demonio que sea sencillo. Asumamos "
"ahora que necesitamos escribir un script [.filename]#rc.d# para dicho "
"demonio llamado `mumbled`. Aquí está:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:337
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:394
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:631
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"name=mumbled\n"
"rcvar=mumbled_enable\n"
msgstr ""
"name=mumbled\n"
"rcvar=mumbled_enable\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:339
#, no-wrap
msgid "command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\" <.>\n"
msgstr "command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\" <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:342
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:440
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:646
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"load_rc_config $name\n"
"run_rc_command \"$1\"\n"
msgstr ""
"load_rc_config $name\n"
"run_rc_command \"$1\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:346
msgid ""
"Pleasingly simple, isn't it? Let us examine our little script.  The only new "
"thing to note is as follows:"
msgstr ""
"Agradablemente simple, ¿no? Examinemos nuestro pequeño script. Lo único "
"nuevo a tener en cuenta es lo siguiente:"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:350
msgid ""
"&#10122; The `command` variable is meaningful to man:rc.subr[8].  If it is "
"set, man:rc.subr[8] will act according to the scenario of serving a "
"conventional daemon.  In particular, the default methods will be provided "
"for such arguments: `start`, `stop`, `restart`, `poll`, and `status`."
msgstr ""
"&#10122; La variable `command` tiene sentido para man:rc.subr[8]. Si está "
"establecida, man:rc.subr[8] actuará en consecuencia con el escenario de "
"servir un demonio convencional. En particular, se proporcionarán los métodos "
"por defecto para los argumentos: `start`, `stop`, `restart`, `poll`, y "
"`status`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:359
msgid ""
"The daemon will be started by running `$command` with command-line flags "
"specified by `$mumbled_flags`.  Thus all the input data for the default "
"`start` method are available in the variables set by our script.  Unlike "
"`start`, other methods may require additional information about the process "
"started.  For instance, `stop` must know the PID of the process to terminate "
"it.  In the present case, man:rc.subr[8] will scan through the list of all "
"processes, looking for a process with its name equal to `procname`.  The "
"latter is another variable of meaning to man:rc.subr[8], and its value "
"defaults to that of `command`.  In other words, when we set `command`, "
"`procname` is effectively set to the same value.  This enables our script to "
"kill the daemon and to check if it is running in the first place."
msgstr ""
"El demonio se arrancará ejecutando `$command` con los flags especificados "
"por `$mumbled_flags`. Por lo tanto todos los datos de entrada para el método "
"`start` por defecto están disponibles en las variables establecidas por "
"nuestro script. A diferencia de `start`, otros métodos podrían requerir "
"información adicional acerca del proceso arrancado. Por ejemplo, `stop` debe "
"saber el PID del proceso para poder terminarlo. En el caso actual, man:rc."
"subr[8] escaneará la lista de todos los procesos, buscando un proceso cuyo "
"nombre sea `procname`. Esto último es otra variable que tiene significado "
"para man:rc.subr[8] y su valor por defecto es el valor de `command`. En "
"otras palabras, cuando establecemos `command`, `procname` se establece al "
"mismo valor. Esto posibilita que nuestro script pueda matar el demonio y así "
"como comprobar en primer lugar si se está ejecutando."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:366
msgid ""
"Some programs are in fact executable scripts.  The system runs such a script "
"by starting its interpreter and passing the name of the script to it as a "
"command-line argument.  This is reflected in the list of processes, which "
"can confuse man:rc.subr[8].  You should additionally set "
"`command_interpreter` to let man:rc.subr[8] know the actual name of the "
"process if `$command` is a script."
msgstr ""
"Algunos programas son de hecho scripts ejecutables. El sistema ejecuta "
"dichos scripts iniciando su intérprete y pasándole el nombre del script como "
"un argumento en línea de comandos. Esto se refleja en la lista de procesos, "
"que puede confundir a man:rc.subr[8]. Deberías establecer además "
"`command_interpreter` para que man:rc.subr[8] sepa cuál es el verdadero "
"nombre del proceso si `$command` es un script."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:371
msgid ""
"For each [.filename]#rc.d# script, there is an optional man:rc.conf[5] "
"variable that takes precedence over `command`.  Its name is constructed as "
"follows: `${name}_program`, where `name` is the mandatory variable we "
"discussed <<name-var, earlier>>.  E.g., in this case it will be "
"`mumbled_program`.  It is man:rc.subr[8] that arranges `${name}_program` to "
"override `command`."
msgstr ""
"Para cada script [.filename]#rc.d#, hay una variable opcional en man:rc."
"conf[5] que tiene preferencia sobre `command`. Su nombre se construye de la "
"siguiente manera: `${name}_program`, donde `name` es la variable obligatoria "
"que discutimos <<name-var, anteriormente>>. Ejemplo, en este caso será "
"`mumbled_program`. Es man:rc.subr[8] quien hace que `${name}_program` tenga "
"más prioridad que `command`."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:375
msgid ""
"Of course, man:sh[1] will permit you to set `${name}_program` from man:rc."
"conf[5] or the script itself even if `command` is unset.  In that case, the "
"special properties of `${name}_program` are lost, and it becomes an ordinary "
"variable your script can use for its own purposes.  However, the sole use of "
"`${name}_program` is discouraged because using it together with `command` "
"became an idiom of [.filename]#rc.d# scripting."
msgstr ""
"Por supuesto, man:sh[1] te permitirá establecer `${name}_program` desde "
"man:rc.conf[5] o incluso desde el propio script si `command` no está "
"establecido. En ese caso, las propiedades especiales de `${name}_program` se "
"pierden y se convierte en una variable ordinaria que tu script puede usar "
"para sus propios fines. Sin embargo, el uso aislado de `${name}_program` "
"está desaconsejado porque usarlo junto con `command` se ha convertido en "
"algo idiomático en los scripts de [.filename]#rc.d#."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:378
msgid ""
"For more detailed information on default methods, refer to man:rc.subr[8]."
msgstr ""
"Para una información más detallada acerca de los métodos por defecto, "
"consulta man:rc.subr[8]."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:380
#, no-wrap
msgid "Startup and shutdown of an advanced daemon"
msgstr "Arranque y parada de un demonio avanzado"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:385
msgid ""
"Let us add some meat onto the bones of the previous script and make it more "
"complex and featureful.  The default methods can do a good job for us, but "
"we may need some of their aspects tweaked.  Now we will learn how to tune "
"the default methods to our needs."
msgstr ""
"Agreguemos un poco de carne a los huesos del guión anterior y hagámoslo más "
"complejo y más rico en características. Los métodos predeterminados pueden "
"hacer un buen trabajo por nosotros, pero es posible que necesitemos ajustar "
"algunos de sus aspectos. Ahora aprenderemos cómo ajustar los métodos "
"predeterminados a nuestras necesidades."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:397
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\"\n"
"command_args=\"mock arguments > /dev/null 2>&1\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""
"command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\"\n"
"command_args=\"mock arguments > /dev/null 2>&1\" <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:399
#, no-wrap
msgid "pidfile=\"/var/run/${name}.pid\" <.>\n"
msgstr "pidfile=\"/var/run/${name}.pid\" <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:401
#, no-wrap
msgid "required_files=\"/etc/${name}.conf /usr/share/misc/${name}.rules\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""
"required_files=\"/etc/${name}.conf /usr/share/misc/${name}.rules\" <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:403
#, no-wrap
msgid "sig_reload=\"USR1\" <.>\n"
msgstr "sig_reload=\"USR1\" <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:406
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"start_precmd=\"${name}_prestart\" <.>\n"
"stop_postcmd=\"echo Bye-bye\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""
"start_precmd=\"${name}_prestart\" <.>\n"
"stop_postcmd=\"echo Bye-bye\" <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:408
#, no-wrap
msgid "extra_commands=\"reload plugh xyzzy\" <.>\n"
msgstr "extra_commands=\"reload plugh xyzzy\" <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:411
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"plugh_cmd=\"mumbled_plugh\" <.>\n"
"xyzzy_cmd=\"echo 'Nothing happens.'\"\n"
msgstr ""
"plugh_cmd=\"mumbled_plugh\" <.>\n"
"xyzzy_cmd=\"echo 'Nothing happens.'\"\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:432
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mumbled_prestart()\n"
"{\n"
"\tif checkyesno mumbled_smart; then <.>\n"
"\t\trc_flags=\"-o smart ${rc_flags}\" <.>\n"
"\tfi\n"
"\tcase \"$mumbled_mode\" in\n"
"\tfoo)\n"
"\t\trc_flags=\"-frotz ${rc_flags}\"\n"
"\t\t;;\n"
"\tbar)\n"
"\t\trc_flags=\"-baz ${rc_flags}\"\n"
"\t\t;;\n"
"\t*)\n"
"\t\twarn \"Invalid value for mumbled_mode\" <.>\n"
"\t\treturn 1 <.>\n"
"\t\t;;\n"
"\tesac\n"
"\trun_rc_command xyzzy <.>\n"
"\treturn 0\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"mumbled_prestart()\n"
"{\n"
"\tif checkyesno mumbled_smart; then <.>\n"
"\t\trc_flags=\"-o smart ${rc_flags}\" <.>\n"
"\tfi\n"
"\tcase \"$mumbled_mode\" in\n"
"\tfoo)\n"
"\t\trc_flags=\"-frotz ${rc_flags}\"\n"
"\t\t;;\n"
"\tbar)\n"
"\t\trc_flags=\"-baz ${rc_flags}\"\n"
"\t\t;;\n"
"\t*)\n"
"\t\twarn \"Invalid value for mumbled_mode\" <.>\n"
"\t\treturn 1 <.>\n"
"\t\t;;\n"
"\tesac\n"
"\trun_rc_command xyzzy <.>\n"
"\treturn 0\n"
"}\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:437
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mumbled_plugh() <.>\n"
"{\n"
"\techo 'A hollow voice says \"plugh\".'\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"mumbled_plugh() <.>\n"
"{\n"
"\techo 'A hollow voice says \"plugh\".'\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:445
msgid ""
"&#10122; Additional arguments to `$command` can be passed in "
"`command_args`.  They will be added to the command line after `"
"$mumbled_flags`.  Since the final command line is passed to `eval` for its "
"actual execution, input and output redirections can be specified in "
"`command_args`."
msgstr ""
"&#10122; Se pueden pasar argumentos adicionales a `$command` mediante "
"`command_args`. Se añadirán a la línea de comando después de `$mumbled_flags`"
". Como la línea de comando final se pasa a `eval` para su ejecución, se "
"pueden especificar redirecciones de entrada y salida en `command_args`."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:452
msgid ""
"_Never_ include dashed options, like `-X` or `--foo`, in `command_args`.  "
"The contents of `command_args` will appear at the end of the final command "
"line, hence they are likely to follow arguments present in `${name}_flags`; "
"but most commands will not recognize dashed options after ordinary "
"arguments.  A better way of passing additional options to `$command` is to "
"add them to the beginning of `${name}_flags`.  Another way is to modify "
"`rc_flags` <<rc-flags, as shown later>>."
msgstr ""
"_Nunca_ incluyas opciones con guiones, como `-X` o `--foo`, en `command_args`"
". El contenido de `command_args` aparecerá al final de la línea de comando, "
"por lo tanto seguramente aparezcan después que los argumentos presentes en "
"`${name}_flags`; pero la mayoría de los comandos no reconocen opciones con "
"guiones que aparezcan después de los argumentos ordinarios. Una forma mejor "
"de pasar opciones adicionales a `$command` es añadirlas al principio de "
"`${name}_flags`. Otra forma es modificar `rc_flags` <<rc-flags, como se "
"muestra más adelante>>."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:456
msgid ""
"&#10123; A good-mannered daemon should create a _pidfile_ so that its "
"process can be found more easily and reliably.  The variable `pidfile`, if "
"set, tells man:rc.subr[8] where it can find the pidfile for its default "
"methods to use."
msgstr ""
"&#10123; Un demonio con buenos modales debería crear un _pidfile_ de forma "
"que su proceso se pueda encontrar de forma más fácil y segura. La variable "
"`pidfile`, si está establecida, le dice a man:rc.subr[8] dónde puede "
"encontrar el pidfile para que lo usen sus métodos por defecto."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:461
msgid ""
"In fact, man:rc.subr[8] will also use the pidfile to see if the daemon is "
"already running before starting it.  This check can be skipped by using the "
"`faststart` argument."
msgstr ""
"De hecho, man:rc.subr[8] también usará el pidfile para ver si el demonio "
"está corriendo antes de arrancarlo. Esta comprobación se puede omitir "
"utilizando el argumento `faststart`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:466
msgid ""
"&#10124; If the daemon cannot run unless certain files exist, just list them "
"in `required_files`, and man:rc.subr[8] will check that those files do exist "
"before starting the daemon.  There also are `required_dirs` and "
"`required_vars` for directories and environment variables, respectively.  "
"They all are described in detail in man:rc.subr[8]."
msgstr ""
"&#10124; Si el demonio no puede ejecutarse a menos que exista cierto "
"fichero, tan solo inclúyelos en la lista `required_files`, y man:rc.subr[8] "
"comprobará que esos ficheros existen antes de arrancar el demonio. También "
"existen `required_dirs` y `required_vars` para directorios y variables de "
"entorno respectivamente. Todas ellas están descritas con detalle en man:rc."
"subr[8]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:470
msgid ""
"The default method from man:rc.subr[8] can be forced to skip the "
"prerequisite checks by using `forcestart` as the argument to the script."
msgstr ""
"Se puede forzar el método por defecto de man:rc.subr[8] para que se salte "
"las comprobaciones de prerequisitos utilizando `forcestart` como argumento "
"del script."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:476
msgid ""
"&#10125; We can customize signals to send to the daemon in case they differ "
"from the well-known ones.  In particular, `sig_reload` specifies the signal "
"that makes the daemon reload its configuration; it is SIGHUP by default.  "
"Another signal is sent to stop the daemon process; the default is SIGTERM, "
"but this can be changed by setting `sig_stop` appropriately."
msgstr ""
"&#10125; Podemos personalizar qué señales enviar al demonio en caso de que "
"difieran de las que son bien conocidas. En particular, `sig_reload` "
"especifica la señal que hace que el demonio recargue su configuración; es "
"SIGHUP por defecto. Otra señal se envía para parar el proceso del demonio; "
"por defecto es SIGTERM, pero se puede cambiar estableciendo `sig_stop` de "
"forma apropiada."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:481
msgid ""
"The signal names should be specified to man:rc.subr[8] without the `SIG` "
"prefix, as it is shown in the example.  The FreeBSD version of man:kill[1] "
"can recognize the `SIG` prefix, but the versions from other OS types may not."
msgstr ""
"Los nombres de las señales se tienen que especificar a man:rc.subr[8] sin el "
"prefijo `SIG`, como se muestra en el ejemplo. La versión de man:kill[1] de "
"FreeBSD puede reconocer el prefijo `SIG`, pero versiones de otros tipos de "
"OS podrían no hacerlo."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:486
msgid ""
"&#10126;&#10127; Performing additional tasks before or after the default "
"methods is easy.  For each command-argument supported by our script, we can "
"define `argument_precmd` and `argument_postcmd`.  These man:sh[1] commands "
"are invoked before and after the respective method, as it is evident from "
"their names."
msgstr ""
"&#10126;&#10127; Realizar tareas adicionales antes o después de los métodos "
"por defecto es fácil. Para cada comando-argumento soportado por nuestro "
"script, podemos definir `argument_precmd` y `argument_postcmd`. Estos "
"comandos man:sh[1] se invocan antes y después del método respectivo, como es "
"evidente por sus nombres."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:492
msgid ""
"Overriding a default method with a custom `argument_cmd` still does not "
"prevent us from making use of `argument_precmd` or `argument_postcmd` if we "
"need to.  In particular, the former is good for checking custom, "
"sophisticated conditions that should be met before performing the command "
"itself.  Using `argument_precmd` along with `argument_cmd` lets us logically "
"separate the checks from the action."
msgstr ""
"Sobrescribir un método por defecto con un `argument_cmd` personalizado no "
"nos impide usar `argument_precmd` o `argument_postcmd` si lo necesitamos. En "
"particular, el primero es bueno para comprobar condiciones sofisticadas, "
"personalizadas que se deberían cumplir antes de ejecutar el comando. Usar "
"`argument_precmd` junto con `argument_cmd` nos permite realizar una "
"separación lógica de las comprobaciones y la acción."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:495
msgid ""
"Do not forget that you can cram any valid man:sh[1] expressions into the "
"methods, pre-, and post-commands you define.  Just invoking a function that "
"makes the real job is a good style in most cases, but never let style limit "
"your understanding of what is going on behind the curtain."
msgstr ""
"No olvides que puedes poner cualquier expresión man:sh[1] válida dentro de "
"los métodos, pre-, y post-commands que defines. Invocar simplemente una "
"función que realiza el trabajo es un buen estilo en la mayoría de los casos, "
"pero nunca dejes que el estilo limite tu entendimiento de lo que sucede por "
"debajo."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:498
msgid ""
"&#10128; If we would like to implement custom arguments, which can also be "
"thought of as _commands_ to our script, we need to list them in "
"`extra_commands` and provide methods to handle them."
msgstr ""
"&#10128; Si quieres implementar argumentos personalizados, que también se "
"pueden entender como _comandos_ para nuestro script, necesitamos listarlos "
"en `extra_commands` y proporcionar métodos para manejarlos."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:506
msgid ""
"The `reload` command is special. On the one hand, it has a preset method in "
"man:rc.subr[8].  On the other hand, `reload` is not offered by default.  The "
"reason is that not all daemons use the same reload mechanism and some have "
"nothing to reload at all.  So we need to ask explicitly that the builtin "
"functionality be provided.  We can do so via `extra_commands`."
msgstr ""
"El comando `reload` es especial. Por un lados tiene un método preestablecido "
"en man:rc.subr[8]. Por otro, `reload` no se ofrece por defecto. El motivo es "
"que no todos los demonios usan el mismo mecanismo de recarga y algunos no "
"tienen nada que recargar. De forma que tenemos que pedir explícitamente que "
"se proporcione la funcionalidad. Podemos hacerlo mediante `extra_commands`."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:510
msgid ""
"What do we get from the default method for `reload`? Quite often daemons "
"reload their configuration upon reception of a signal - typically, SIGHUP.  "
"Therefore man:rc.subr[8] attempts to reload the daemon by sending a signal "
"to it.  The signal is preset to SIGHUP but can be customized via "
"`sig_reload` if necessary."
msgstr ""
"¿Qué obtenemos del método por defecto para `reload`? A menudo los demonios "
"recargan su configuración al recibir una señal - típicamente, SIGHUP. Por lo "
"tanto man:rc.subr[8] intenta recargar el demonio enviándole una señal. La "
"están señal está preestablecida a SIGHUP pero se puede cambiar mediante "
"`sig_reload` si es necesario."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:515
msgid ""
"&#10129;&#9454; Our script supports two non-standard commands, `plugh` and "
"`xyzzy`.  We saw them listed in `extra_commands`, and now it is time to "
"provide methods for them.  The method for `xyzzy` is just inlined while that "
"for `plugh` is implemented as the `mumbled_plugh` function."
msgstr ""
"&#10129;&#9454; Nuestro script soporta dos comandos no estándar, `plugh` y "
"`xyzzy`. Los hemos visto listados en `extra_commands`, y ahora es momento de "
"proporcionarles métodos. El método para `xyzzy` está entre líneas mientras "
"que el de `plugh` se implementa en la función `mumbled_plugh`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:519
msgid ""
"Non-standard commands are not invoked during startup or shutdown.  Usually "
"they are for the system admin's convenience.  They can also be used from "
"other subsystems, e.g., man:devd[8] if specified in man:devd.conf[5]."
msgstr ""
"Los comandos no estándar no se invocan durante el arranque o el apagado. "
"Normalmente están ahí por conveniencia para los administradores. También se "
"pueden usar desde otros subsistemas, por ejemplo, man:devd[8] si se "
"especifica en man:devd.conf[5]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:522
msgid ""
"The full list of available commands can be found in the usage line printed "
"by man:rc.subr[8] when the script is invoked without arguments.  For "
"example, here is the usage line from the script under study:"
msgstr ""
"Se puede encontrar la lista completa de comandos disponibles en la línea de "
"uso imprimida por man:rc.subr[8] cuando se invoca el script sin argumentos. "
"Por ejemplo, esta es la línea de uso para el script que estamos estudiando:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:527
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/rc.d/mumbled\n"
"Usage: /etc/rc.d/mumbled [fast|force|one](start|stop|restart|rcvar|reload|plugh|xyzzy|status|poll)\n"
msgstr ""
"# /etc/rc.d/mumbled\n"
"Usage: /etc/rc.d/mumbled "
"[fast|force|one](start|stop|restart|rcvar|reload|plugh|xyzzy|status|poll)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:534
msgid ""
"&#9453; A script can invoke its own standard or non-standard commands if "
"needed.  This may look similar to calling functions, but we know that "
"commands and shell functions are not always the same thing.  For instance, "
"`xyzzy` is not implemented as a function here.  In addition, there can be a "
"pre-command and post-command, which should be invoked orderly.  So the "
"proper way for a script to run its own command is by means of man:rc."
"subr[8], as shown in the example."
msgstr ""
"&#9453; Un script puede invocar sus comandos estándar y no estándar si lo "
"necesita. Esto parece similar a llamar a funciones, pero sabemos que los "
"comandos y funciones del shell no son siempre la misma cosa. Por ejemplo, "
"`xyzzy` aquí no se implementa como una función. Además, puede haber pre-"
"comandos y post-comandos, que se deberían invocar en orden. De modo que la "
"forma apropiada para que un script ejecute sus propios comandos es mediante "
"man:rc.subr[8], como se muestra en el ejemplo."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:540
msgid ""
"&#10130; A handy function named `checkyesno` is provided by man:rc.subr[8].  "
"It takes a variable name as its argument and returns a zero exit code if and "
"only if the variable is set to `YES`, or `TRUE`, or `ON`, or `1`, case "
"insensitive; a non-zero exit code is returned otherwise.  In the latter "
"case, the function tests the variable for being set to `NO`, `FALSE`, `OFF`, "
"or `0`, case insensitive; it prints a warning message if the variable "
"contains anything else, i.e., junk."
msgstr ""
"&#10130; man:rc.subr[8] proporciona una función útil llamada `checkyesno`. "
"Admite una variable como argumento y devuelve cero si y sólo si la variable "
"está establecida a `YES`, o `TRUE`, o `ON`, o `1`, sin considerar mayúsculas "
"y minúsculas; devuelve un valor distinto de cero en caso contrario. En el "
"último caso, la función comprueba que la variable esté establecida a `NO`, "
"`FALSE`, `OFF`, o `0`, sin distinguir entre mayúsculas y minúsculas; imprime "
"un aviso si la variable contiene cualquier otra cosa, es decir, basura."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:542
msgid ""
"Keep in mind that for man:sh[1] a zero exit code means true and a non-zero "
"exit code means false."
msgstr ""
"Ten en cuenta que para man:sh[1] un código de salida igual a cero significa "
"verdadero y distinto de cero significa falso."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:547
msgid ""
"The `checkyesno` function takes a __variable name__.  Do not pass the "
"expanded _value_ of a variable to it; it will not work as expected."
msgstr ""
"La función `checkyesno` admite un __nombre de variable__. No pases el "
"_valor_ expandido de una variable; no funcionará como se espera."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:549
msgid "The following is the correct usage of `checkyesno`:"
msgstr "Lo siguiente es un uso correcto de `checkyesno`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:555
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"if checkyesno mumbled_enable; then\n"
"        foo\n"
"fi\n"
msgstr ""
"if checkyesno mumbled_enable; then\n"
"        foo\n"
"fi\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:558
msgid ""
"On the contrary, calling `checkyesno` as shown below will not work - at "
"least not as expected:"
msgstr ""
"Por el contrario, llamar a `checkyesno` como se muestra abajo no funcionará -"
" al menos no como se espera:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:564
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"if checkyesno \"${mumbled_enable}\"; then\n"
"        foo\n"
"fi\n"
msgstr ""
"if checkyesno \"${mumbled_enable}\"; then\n"
"        foo\n"
"fi\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:569
msgid ""
"&#10131; [[rc-flags]]We can affect the flags to be passed to `$command` by "
"modifying `rc_flags` in `$start_precmd`."
msgstr ""
"&#10131; [[rc-flags]]Podemos alterar los flags que se pasan a `$command` "
"modificando `rc_flags` en `$start_precmd`."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:573
msgid ""
"&#9451; In certain cases we may need to emit an important message that "
"should go to `syslog` as well.  This can be done easily with the following "
"man:rc.subr[8] functions: `debug`, `info`, `warn`, and `err`.  The latter "
"function then exits the script with the code specified."
msgstr ""
"&#9451; En algunos casos podríamos necesitar emitir un mensaje importante "
"que debería ir también a `syslog`. Se puede hacer fácilmente con las "
"siguientes funciones de man:rc.subr[8]: `debug`, `info`, `warn`, y `err`. La "
"última función sale del script con el código especificado."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:577
msgid ""
"&#9452; The exit codes from methods and their pre-commands are not just "
"ignored by default.  If `argument_precmd` returns a non-zero exit code, the "
"main method will not be performed.  In turn, `argument_postcmd` will not be "
"invoked unless the main method returns a zero exit code."
msgstr ""
"&#9452; Los códigos de salida de los métodos y sus pre-comandos no se "
"ignoran simplemente por defecto. Si `argument_precmd` devuelve un código de "
"salida distinto de cero, el método principal no se ejecutará. Del mismo "
"modo, `argument_postcmd` no será invocado a menos que el método principal "
"devuelva un código de salida igual a cero."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:581
msgid ""
"However, man:rc.subr[8] can be instructed from the command line to ignore "
"those exit codes and invoke all commands anyway by prefixing an argument "
"with `force`, as in `forcestart`."
msgstr ""
"Sin embargo, desde la línea de comando se puede indicar a man:rc.subr[8] que "
"ignore esos códigos de salida e invoque todos los comandos añadiendo el "
"prefijo `force` a los argumentos, como en `forcestart`."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:584
#, no-wrap
msgid "Connecting a script to the rc.d framework"
msgstr "Conectando un script al framework rc.d"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:591
msgid ""
"After a script has been written, it needs to be integrated into [."
"filename]#rc.d#.  The crucial step is to install the script in [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.d# (for the base system) or [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/rc.d# (for "
"ports).  Both [.filename]#bsd.prog.mk# and [.filename]#bsd.port.mk# provide "
"convenient hooks for that, and usually you do not have to worry about the "
"proper ownership and mode.  System scripts should be installed from [."
"filename]#src/libexec/rc/rc.d# through the [.filename]#Makefile# found "
"there.  Port scripts can be installed using `USE_RC_SUBR` as described "
"extref:{porters-handbook}[in the Porter's Handbook, rc-scripts]."
msgstr ""
"Después de que se ha escrito un script, es necesario integrarlo en [."
"filename]#rc.d#. El paso crucial es instalar el script en [.filename]#/etc/rc"
".d# (para el sistema base) o [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/rc.d# (para los "
"ports). Tanto [.filename]#bsd.prog.mk# como [.filename]#bsd.port.mk# "
"proporcionan los hooks necesarios para ello, y normalmente no tienes que "
"preocuparte acerca de los permisos y el propietario. Los scripts de sistema "
"deberían instalarse desde [.filename]#src/libexec/rc/rc.d# mediante el [."
"filename]#Makefile# que se encuentra allí. Los scripts de ports se pueden "
"instalar con `USE_RC_SUBR` como se describe extref:{porters-handbook}[en el "
"Porter's Handbook, rc-scripts]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:596
msgid ""
"However, we should consider beforehand the place of our script in the system "
"startup sequence.  The service handled by our script is likely to depend on "
"other services.  For instance, a network daemon cannot function without the "
"network interfaces and routing up and running.  Even if a service seems to "
"demand nothing, it can hardly start before the basic filesystems have been "
"checked and mounted."
msgstr ""
"Sin embargo, debemos considerar de antemano el lugar de nuestro script en la "
"secuencia de inicio del sistema. Es probable que el servicio manejado por "
"nuestro script dependa de otros servicios. Por ejemplo, un demonio de red no "
"puede funcionar sin las interfaces de red y enrutamiento en funcionamiento. "
"Incluso si un servicio parece no exigir nada, difícilmente puede iniciarse "
"antes de que se hayan verificado y montado los sistemas de archivos básicos."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:602
msgid ""
"We mentioned man:rcorder[8] already.  Now it is time to have a close look at "
"it.  In a nutshell, man:rcorder[8] takes a set of files, examines their "
"contents, and prints a dependency-ordered list of files from the set to "
"`stdout`.  The point is to keep dependency information _inside_ the files so "
"that each file can speak for itself only.  A file can specify the following "
"information:"
msgstr ""
"Ya hemos mencionado man:rcorder[8]. Ahora es momento de mirarlo "
"detenidamente. En pocas palabras, man:rcorder[8] toma un conjunto de "
"ficheros, examina el contenido e imprime una lista ordenada de dependencias "
"de ficheros del conjunto a `stdout`. El objetivo es mantener la información "
"de dependencia _dentro_ de los ficheros de forma que cada uno de ellos sólo "
"habla por sí mismo. Un fichero puede especificar la siguiente información:"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:604
msgid ""
"the names of the \"conditions\" (which means services to us) it __provides__;"
msgstr ""
"los nombres de las \"condiciones\" (lo que para nosotros significa servicios)"
" que __proporciona__;"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:605
msgid "the names of the \"conditions\" it __requires__;"
msgstr "los nombres de las \"condiciones\" que __requiere__;"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:606
msgid "the names of the \"conditions\" this file should run __before__;"
msgstr ""
"los nombres de las \"condiciones\" para las cuales este fichero debería "
"ejecutarse _con anterioridad_;"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:607
msgid ""
"additional _keywords_ that can be used to select a subset from the whole set "
"of files (man:rcorder[8] can be instructed via options to include or omit "
"the files having particular keywords listed.)"
msgstr ""
"_palabras clave_ adicionales que se pueden usar para seleccionar un "
"subconjunto de todo el conjunto de ficheros (se puede indicar a "
"man:rcorder[8] mediante opciones que incluya u omita ficheros que contengan "
"determinadas palabras clave)"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:612
msgid ""
"It is no surprise that man:rcorder[8] can handle only text files with a "
"syntax close to that of man:sh[1].  That is, special lines understood by man:"
"rcorder[8] look like man:sh[1] comments.  The syntax of such special lines "
"is rather rigid to simplify their processing.  See man:rcorder[8] for "
"details."
msgstr ""
"No es sorprendente que man:rcorder[8] pueda manejar sólo ficheros de texto "
"con una sintaxis similar a la de man:sh[1]. Es decir, las líneas especiales "
"entendidas por man:rcorder[8] se parecen a comentarios de man:sh[1]. La "
"sintaxis de dichas líneas especiales es bastante rígida para simplificar su "
"procesamiento. Lee man:rcorder[8] para más detalles."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:615
msgid ""
"Besides using man:rcorder[8] special lines, a script can insist on its "
"dependency upon another service by just starting it forcibly.  This can be "
"needed when the other service is optional and will not start by itself "
"because the system admin has disabled it mistakenly in man:rc.conf[5]."
msgstr ""
"Además de utilizar líneas especiales de man:rcorder[8], un script puede "
"incidir en sus dependencias de otro servicio forzando su arranque. Esto "
"podría ser necesario cuando el otro servicio es opcional y no arrancará por "
"sí mismo porque el administrador lo ha deshabilitado por error en man:rc."
"conf[5]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:617
msgid ""
"With this general knowledge in mind, let us consider the simple daemon "
"script enhanced with dependency stuff:"
msgstr ""
"Con este conocimiento general en mente, consideremos el script demonio "
"simple mejorado con información de dependencia:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:626
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# PROVIDE: mumbled oldmumble <.>\n"
"# REQUIRE: DAEMON cleanvar frotz <.>\n"
"# BEFORE:  LOGIN <.>\n"
"# KEYWORD: nojail shutdown <.>\n"
msgstr ""
"# PROVIDE: mumbled oldmumble <.>\n"
"# REQUIRE: DAEMON cleanvar frotz <.>\n"
"# BEFORE:  LOGIN <.>\n"
"# KEYWORD: nojail shutdown <.>\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:634
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\"\n"
"start_precmd=\"${name}_prestart\"\n"
msgstr ""
"command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\"\n"
"start_precmd=\"${name}_prestart\"\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:643
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mumbled_prestart()\n"
"{\n"
"\tif ! checkyesno frotz_enable && \\\n"
"\t    ! /etc/rc.d/frotz forcestatus 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then\n"
"\t\tforce_depend frotz || return 1 <.>\n"
"\tfi\n"
"\treturn 0\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"mumbled_prestart()\n"
"{\n"
"\tif ! checkyesno frotz_enable && \\\n"
"\t    ! /etc/rc.d/frotz forcestatus 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then\n"
"\t\tforce_depend frotz || return 1 <.>\n"
"\tfi\n"
"\treturn 0\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:649
msgid "As before, detailed analysis follows:"
msgstr "Como antes, sigue un análisis detallado:"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:652
msgid ""
"&#10122; That line declares the names of \"conditions\" our script "
"provides.  Now other scripts can record a dependency on our script by those "
"names."
msgstr ""
"&#10122; Esa línea declara los nombres de las \"condiciones\" que "
"proporciona nuestro script. Ahora otros scripts pueden registrar una "
"dependencia de nuestro script usando dichos nombres."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:657
msgid ""
"Usually a script specifies a single condition provided.  However, nothing "
"prevents us from listing several conditions there, e.g., for compatibility "
"reasons."
msgstr ""
"Por lo general, un script especifica una sola condición proporcionada. Sin "
"embargo, nada nos impide enumerar varias condiciones allí, por ejemplo, por "
"razones de compatibilidad."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:659
msgid ""
"In any case, the name of the main, or the only, `PROVIDE:` condition should "
"be the same as `${name}`."
msgstr ""
"En cualquier caso, el nombre de la condición `PROVIDE:` principal, o única, "
"debería ser el mismo que `${name}`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:663
msgid ""
"&#10123;&#10124; So our script indicates which \"conditions\" provided by "
"other scripts it depends on.  According to the lines, our script asks man:"
"rcorder[8] to put it after the script(s) providing [.filename]#DAEMON# and [."
"filename]#cleanvar#, but before that providing [.filename]#LOGIN#."
msgstr ""
"&#10123;&#10124; Nuestro script indica de qué \"condiciones\" depende que "
"son proporcionadas por otros scripts. Según esas líneas nuestro script pide "
"a man:rcorder[8] situarlo después del script (o los scripts) que "
"proporcionan [.filename]#DAEMON# y [.filename]#cleanvar#, pero antes de los "
"que proporcionan [.filename]#LOGIN#."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:669
msgid ""
"The `BEFORE:` line should not be abused to work around an incomplete "
"dependency list in the other script.  The appropriate case for using `BEFORE:"
"` is when the other script does not care about ours, but our script can do "
"its task better if run before the other one.  A typical real-life example is "
"the network interfaces vs. the firewall: While the interfaces do not depend "
"on the firewall in doing their job, the system security will benefit from "
"the firewall being ready before there is any network traffic."
msgstr ""
"No se debería abusar de la línea `BEFORE:` para evitar una lista de "
"dependencias incompleta en el otro script. El caso apropiado para usar "
"`BEFORE:` es cuando el otro script no se preocupa por el nuestro, pero "
"nuestro script puede hacer mejor su tarea si se ejecuta antes que el otro. "
"Un ejemplo típico de la vida real son las interfaces de red frente al "
"firewall: si bien las interfaces no dependen del firewall para hacer su "
"trabajo, la seguridad del sistema se beneficiará de que el firewall esté "
"listo antes de que haya tráfico de red."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:673
msgid ""
"Besides conditions corresponding to a single service each, there are meta-"
"conditions and their \"placeholder\" scripts used to ensure that certain "
"groups of operations are performed before others.  These are denoted by [."
"filename]#UPPERCASE# names.  Their list and purposes can be found in man:"
"rc[8]."
msgstr ""
"Además de las condiciones que se corresponden con un solo servicio, hay meta-"
"condiciones y sus scripts tipo \"placeholder\" para asegurar que ciertos "
"grupos de operaciones se ejecutan antes que otras. Se distinguen por sus "
"nombres en [.filename]#MAYÚSCULAS#. Su listado y propósito se puede "
"encontrar en man:rc[8]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:679
msgid ""
"Keep in mind that putting a service name in the `REQUIRE:` line does not "
"guarantee that the service will actually be running by the time our script "
"starts.  The required service may fail to start or just be disabled in man:"
"rc.conf[5].  Obviously, man:rcorder[8] cannot track such details, and man:"
"rc[8] will not do that either.  Consequently, the application started by our "
"script should be able to cope with any required services being unavailable.  "
"In certain cases, we can help it as discussed <<forcedep, below>>"
msgstr ""
"Ten en cuenta que poner un nombre de servicio en la línea `REQUIRE:` no "
"garantiza que el servicio se esté ejecutando cuando nuestro script arranque. "
"El servicio podría fallar al arrancar o estar deshabilitado en man:rc.conf[5]"
". Obviamente, man:rcorder[8] no puede controlar esos detalles y man:rc[8] "
"tampoco lo hará. Por lo tanto, la aplicación arrancada por nuestro script "
"debería ser capaz de lidiar con situaciones en las que algún servicio "
"requerido no esté disponible. En ciertos casos, podemos evitarlo como se "
"discute <<forcedep, abajo>>"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:684
msgid ""
"[[keywords]]&#10125; As we remember from the above text, man:rcorder[8] "
"keywords can be used to select or leave out some scripts.  Namely any man:"
"rcorder[8] consumer can specify through `-k` and `-s` options which keywords "
"are on the \"keep list\" and \"skip list\", respectively.  From all the "
"files to be dependency sorted, man:rcorder[8] will pick only those having a "
"keyword from the keep list (unless empty) and not having a keyword from the "
"skip list."
msgstr ""
"[[keywords]]&#10125; Como recordamos del texto anterior, las palabras clave "
"de man:rcorder[8] se pueden utilizar para seleccionar o excluir algunos "
"scripts. Cualquier consumidor de man:rcorder[8] puede especificar mediante "
"las opciones `-k` y `-s` qué palabras clave están en la lista \"a mantener\" "
"y la lista \"a omitir\", respectivamente. De todos los ficheros que serán "
"ordenados como dependencias, man:rcorder[8] escogerá sólo aquellos que "
"tengan las palabras clave de la lista \"a mantener\" (a menos que esté vacía)"
" y que no tenga la palabra clave en la lista \"a omitir\"."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:687
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, man:rcorder[8] is used by [.filename]#/etc/rc# and [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.shutdown#.  These two scripts define the standard list of FreeBSD [."
"filename]#rc.d# keywords and their meanings as follows:"
msgstr ""
"En FreeBSD, [.filename]#/etc/rc# y [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# usan "
"man:rcorder[8]. Estos dos scripts definen la lista estándar de palabras "
"clave del [.filename]#rc.d# de FreeBSD y su significado es el que sigue:"

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:688
#, no-wrap
msgid "nojail"
msgstr "nojail"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:690
msgid ""
"The service is not for man:jail[8] environment.  The automatic startup and "
"shutdown procedures will ignore the script if inside a jail."
msgstr ""
"El servicio no es para un entorno man:jail[8]. Los procedimientos "
"automáticos de arranque y parada ignorarán el script si está dentro de un "
"jail."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:691
#, no-wrap
msgid "nostart"
msgstr "nostart"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:694
msgid ""
"The service is to be started manually or not started at all.  The automatic "
"startup procedure will ignore the script.  In conjunction with the [."
"filename]#shutdown# keyword, this can be used to write scripts that do "
"something only at system shutdown."
msgstr ""
"El servicio se tiene que arrancar manualmente o no se arrancará. El "
"procedimiento de arranque automático ignorará el script. Esto se puede usar, "
"junto con la palabra clave [.filename]#shutdown#, para escribir scripts que "
"hace algo sólo cuando se para el sistema."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:695
#, no-wrap
msgid "shutdown"
msgstr "shutdown"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:696
msgid ""
"This keyword is to be listed __explicitly__ if the service needs to be "
"stopped before system shutdown."
msgstr ""
"Esta palabra clave se especifica __explícitamente__ si se necesita parar el "
"servicio antes de la parada del sistema."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:709
msgid ""
"When the system is going to shut down, [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# runs.  "
"It assumes that most [.filename]#rc.d# scripts have nothing to do at that "
"time.  Therefore [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# selectively invokes [."
"filename]#rc.d# scripts with the [.filename]#shutdown# keyword, effectively "
"ignoring the rest of the scripts.  For even faster shutdown, [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.shutdown# passes the [.filename]#faststop# command to the scripts it "
"runs so that they skip preliminary checks, e.g., the pidfile check.  As "
"dependent services should be stopped before their prerequisites, [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# runs the scripts in reverse dependency order.  "
"If writing a real [.filename]#rc.d# script, you should consider whether it "
"is relevant at system shutdown time.  E.g., if your script does its work in "
"response to the [.filename]#start# command only, then you need not to "
"include this keyword.  However, if your script manages a service, it is "
"probably a good idea to stop it before the system proceeds to the final "
"stage of its shutdown sequence described in man:halt[8].  In particular, a "
"service should be stopped explicitly if it needs considerable time or "
"special actions to shut down cleanly.  A typical example of such a service "
"is a database engine."
msgstr ""
"Cuando el sistema se va a apagar, se ejecuta [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown#. "
"Asume que la mayoría de los scripts  [.filename]#rc.d# no tienen nada que "
"hacer la mayoría del tiempo. Por lo tanto [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# "
"invoca los scripts de [.filename]#rc.d# de forma selectiva con la palabra "
"clave [.filename]#shutdown#, ignorando de forma efectiva el resto de los "
"scripts. Para hacer un apagado incluso más rápido [.filename]#/etc/rc."
"shutdown# pasa el comando [.filename]#faststop# a los scripts que ejecuta de "
"forma que se salten las comprobaciones preliminares, por ejemplo la "
"comprobación del pidfile. Como los servicios dependientes se deberían parar "
"antes que sus prerequisitos,  [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# ejecuta los "
"scripts en orden inverso de dependencia. Si escribes un script [.filename]#rc"
".d#, deberías considerar si es relevante en el momento del apagado. Por "
"ejemplo, si tu script hace su trabajo como respuesta sólo al comando [."
"filename]#start#, entonces no necesitas incluir esta palabra clave. Sin "
"embargo, si tu script gestiona un servicio, probablemente es una buena idea "
"pararlo antes de que el sistema proceda a la fase final de su secuencia de "
"apagado descrito en man:halt[8]. En particular, un servicio se debería parar "
"de forma explícita si necesita un tiempo considerable o acciones especiales "
"para pararse de forma limpia. Un ejemplo típico de dicho servicio es un "
"motor de bases de datos."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:713
msgid ""
"[[forcedep]]&#10126; To begin with, `force_depend` should be used with much "
"care.  It is generally better to revise the hierarchy of configuration "
"variables for your [.filename]#rc.d# scripts if they are interdependent."
msgstr ""
"[[forcedep]]&#10126; Para empezar, `force_depend` debería usarse con mucho "
"cuidado. Normalmente es mejor revisar la jerarquía de variables de "
"configuración para tu script de [.filename]#rc.d# si son interdependientes."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:722
msgid ""
"If you still cannot do without `force_depend`, the example offers an idiom "
"of how to invoke it conditionally.  In the example, our `mumbled` daemon "
"requires that another one, `frotz`, be started in advance.  However, `frotz` "
"is optional, too; and man:rcorder[8] knows nothing about such details.  "
"Fortunately, our script has access to all man:rc.conf[5] variables.  If "
"`frotz_enable` is true, we hope for the best and rely on [.filename]#rc.d# "
"to have started `frotz`.  Otherwise we forcibly check the status of "
"`frotz`.  Finally, we enforce our dependency on `frotz` if it is found to be "
"not running.  A warning message will be emitted by `force_depend` because it "
"should be invoked only if a misconfiguration has been detected."
msgstr ""
"Si aún así no puedes evitar usar `force_depend`, el ejemplo ofrece una forma "
"habitual de cómo invocarlo de forma condicional. En el ejemplo, nuestro "
"demonio `mumbled` requiere que otro, `frotz`, se arranque con antelación. "
"Sin embargo, `frotz` también es opcional; y man:rcorder[8] no sabe nada "
"acerca de ese detalle. Afortunadamente, nuestro script tiene acceso a todas "
"las variables de man:rc.conf[5]. Si `frotz_enable` es verdadero, esperamos "
"lo mejor y confiamos en que [.filename]#rc.d#  haya arrancado `frotz`. De lo "
"contrario comprobamos el estado de `frotz`. Finalmente, forzamos nuestra "
"dependencia de `frotz` si se constata que no se está ejecutando. "
"`force_depend` emitirá un mensaje de aviso porque se debería invocar sólo si "
"se ha detectado una mala configuración."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:724
#, no-wrap
msgid "Giving more flexibility to an rc.d script"
msgstr "Dar más flexibilidad a un script rc.d"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:733
msgid ""
"When invoked during startup or shutdown, an [.filename]#rc.d# script is "
"supposed to act on the entire subsystem it is responsible for.  E.g., [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.d/netif# should start or stop all network interfaces "
"described by man:rc.conf[5].  Either task can be uniquely indicated by a "
"single command argument such as `start` or `stop`.  Between startup and "
"shutdown, [.filename]#rc.d# scripts help the admin to control the running "
"system, and it is when the need for more flexibility and precision arises.  "
"For instance, the admin may want to add the settings of a new network "
"interface to man:rc.conf[5] and then to start it without interfering with "
"the operation of the existing interfaces.  Next time the admin may need to "
"shut down a single network interface.  In the spirit of the command line, "
"the respective [.filename]#rc.d# script calls for an extra argument, the "
"interface name."
msgstr ""
"Cuando se invoca durante el arranque o la parada, un script [.filename]#rc.d#"
" se supone que actúa en todo el subsistema del que es responsable. Por "
"ejemplo,  [.filename]#/etc/rc.d/netif# debería arrancar o parar todas las "
"interfaces de red descritas en man:rc.conf[5]. Se puede indicar cualquiera "
"de los dos comandos utilizando un argumento como `start` o `stop`. Entre el "
"arranque y la parada, los scripts [.filename]#rc.d# ayudan al administrador "
"a controlar el sistema en ejecución, y es cuando surge la necesidad de mayor "
"flexibilidad y precisión. Por ejemplo, el administrador podría querer añadir "
"la configuración de una nueva interfaz de red a man:rc.conf[5] y luego "
"arrancarla sin interferir con la operación de las interfaces existentes. La "
"siguiente vez el administrador podría necesitar parar una interfaz de red "
"concreta. Siguiendo el espíritu de la línea de comandos, el script "
"respectivo de [.filename]#rc.d# necesita un argumento extra, el nombre de la "
"interfaz."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:736
msgid ""
"Fortunately, man:rc.subr[8] allows for passing any number of arguments to "
"script's methods (within the system limits).  Due to that, the changes in "
"the script itself can be minimal."
msgstr ""
"Afortunadamente, man:rc.subr[8] permite pasar un número arbitrario de "
"argumentos a los métodos del script (dentro de los límites del sistema). "
"Debido a esto, los cambios en el script pueden ser mínimos."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:741
msgid ""
"How can man:rc.subr[8] gain access to the extra command-line arguments.  "
"Should it just grab them directly? Not by any means.  Firstly, an man:sh[1] "
"function has no access to the positional parameters of its caller, but man:"
"rc.subr[8] is just a sack of such functions.  Secondly, the good manner of [."
"filename]#rc.d# dictates that it is for the main script to decide which "
"arguments are to be passed to its methods."
msgstr ""
"¿Cómo puede man:rc.subr[8] obtener acceso a los argumentos extra de la línea "
"de comando? ¿Debería simplemente obtenerlos? De ningún modo. Primero, una "
"función de man:sh[1] no tiene acceso a los parámetros posicionales del "
"llamante, pero man:rc.subr[8] es simplemente una pila de dichas funciones. "
"Segundo, las buenas maneras de [.filename]#rc.d# dictan que es el script "
"principal el encargado de decidir qué argumentos se pasan a sus métodos."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:745
msgid ""
"So the approach adopted by man:rc.subr[8] is as follows: `run_rc_command` "
"passes on all its arguments but the first one to the respective method "
"verbatim.  The first, omitted, argument is the name of the method itself: "
"`start`, `stop`, etc.  It will be shifted out by `run_rc_command`, so what "
"is `$2` in the original command line will be presented as `$1` to the "
"method, and so on."
msgstr ""
"De modo que la aproximación de man:rc.subr[8] es como sigue: `run_rc_command`"
" pasa todos sus argumentos salvo el primero de forma literal al método "
"respectivo. El primer argumento, omitido, es el nombre del método en sí: "
"`start`, `stop`, etc. `run_rc_commad` lo desplazará de forma que lo que es "
"`$2` en la línea de comandos original se presentará como `$1` al método y "
"así sucesivamente."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:748
msgid ""
"To illustrate this opportunity, let us modify the primitive dummy script so "
"that its messages depend on the additional arguments supplied.  Here we go:"
msgstr ""
"Para ilustrar esta oportunidad, modifiquemos el script ficticio primitivo "
"para que sus mensajes dependan de los argumentos adicionales proporcionados. "
"Aquí vamos:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:760
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"name=\"dummy\"\n"
"start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n"
"stop_cmd=\":\"\n"
"kiss_cmd=\"${name}_kiss\"\n"
"extra_commands=\"kiss\"\n"
msgstr ""
"name=\"dummy\"\n"
"start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n"
"stop_cmd=\":\"\n"
"kiss_cmd=\"${name}_kiss\"\n"
"extra_commands=\"kiss\"\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:769
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"dummy_start()\n"
"{\n"
"        if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then <.>\n"
"                echo \"Greeting message: $*\"\n"
"        else\n"
"                echo \"Nothing started.\"\n"
"        fi\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"dummy_start()\n"
"{\n"
"        if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then <.>\n"
"                echo \"Greeting message: $*\"\n"
"        else\n"
"                echo \"Nothing started.\"\n"
"        fi\n"
"}\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:785
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"dummy_kiss()\n"
"{\n"
"        echo -n \"A ghost gives you a kiss\"\n"
"        if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then <.>\n"
"                echo -n \" and whispers: $*\"\n"
"        fi\n"
"        case \"$*\" in\n"
"        *[.!?])\n"
"                echo\n"
"                ;;\n"
"        *)\n"
"                echo .\n"
"                ;;\n"
"        esac\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"dummy_kiss()\n"
"{\n"
"        echo -n \"A ghost gives you a kiss\"\n"
"        if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then <.>\n"
"                echo -n \" and whispers: $*\"\n"
"        fi\n"
"        case \"$*\" in\n"
"        *[.!?])\n"
"                echo\n"
"                ;;\n"
"        *)\n"
"                echo .\n"
"                ;;\n"
"        esac\n"
"}\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:788
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"load_rc_config $name\n"
"run_rc_command \"$@\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""
"load_rc_config $name\n"
"run_rc_command \"$@\" <.>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:791
msgid "What essential changes can we notice in the script?"
msgstr "¿Qué cambios esenciales podemos notar en el script?"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:796
msgid ""
"&#10122; All arguments you type after `start` can end up as positional "
"parameters to the respective method.  We can use them in any way according "
"to our task, skills, and fancy.  In the current example, we just pass all of "
"them to man:echo[1] as one string in the next line - note `$*` within the "
"double quotes.  Here is how the script can be invoked now:"
msgstr ""
"&#10122; Todos los argumentos que escribas después de `start` terminan como "
"parámetros posicionales en el método respectivo. Podemos utilizarlos de "
"cualquier forma de acuerdo con nuestra tarea, habilidades e imaginación. En "
"el ejemplo actual, simplemente los pasamos todos a man:echo[1] como una "
"cadena en la siguiente línea - fíjate en `$*` dentro de las comillas dobles. "
"Aquí se ve cómo se puede invocar ahora el script:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:801
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy start\n"
"Nothing started.\n"
msgstr ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy start\n"
"Nothing started.\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:804
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy start Hello world!\n"
"Greeting message: Hello world!\n"
msgstr ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy start Hello world!\n"
"Greeting message: Hello world!\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:808
msgid ""
"&#10123; The same applies to any method our script provides, not only to a "
"standard one.  We have added a custom method named `kiss`, and it can take "
"advantage of the extra arguments not less than `start` does. E.g.:"
msgstr ""
"&#10123; Lo mismo aplica a cualquier método proporcionado por nuestro "
"script, no sólo a los estándar. Hemos añadido un método personalizado "
"llamado `kiss` y puede aprovecharse de los argumentos extra del mismo modo "
"que lo hace `start`. Ejemplo:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:813
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss\n"
"A ghost gives you a kiss.\n"
msgstr ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss\n"
"A ghost gives you a kiss.\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:816
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...\n"
"A ghost gives you a kiss and whispers: Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...\n"
msgstr ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...\n"
"A ghost gives you a kiss and whispers: Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:819
msgid ""
"&#10124; If we want just to pass all extra arguments to any method, we can "
"merely substitute `\"$@\"` for `\"$1\"` in the last line of our script, "
"where we invoke `run_rc_command`."
msgstr ""
"&#10124; Si queremos pasar todos los argumentos extra a cualquier método, "
"podemos simplemente sustituir `\"$@\"` por `\"$1\"` en la última línea de "
"nuestro script, cuando invocamos `run_rc_command`."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:825
msgid ""
"An man:sh[1] programmer ought to understand the subtle difference between `"
"$*` and `$@` as the ways to designate all positional parameters.  For its in-"
"depth discussion, refer to a good handbook on man:sh[1] scripting.  _Do not_ "
"use the expressions until you fully understand them because their misuse "
"will result in buggy and insecure scripts."
msgstr ""
"Un programador de man:sh[1] tiene que entender la sutil diferencia entre `$*`"
" y `$@` como formas de designar todos los parámetros posicionales. Para una "
"discusión en profundidad, consulta un buen manual de script de man:sh[1]. "
"_No_ uses las expresiones hasta que las entiendas completamente porque un "
"uso inadecuado puede resultar en scripts defectuosos e inseguros."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:832
msgid ""
"Currently `run_rc_command` may have a bug that prevents it from keeping the "
"original boundaries between arguments.  That is, arguments with embedded "
"whitespace may not be processed correctly.  The bug stems from `$*` misuse."
msgstr ""
"Actualmente `run_rc_command` podría tener un bug que impide que mantenga los "
"límites originales entre los argumentos. Es decir, los argumentos con "
"espacios en blanco podrían no procesarse correctamente. El bug nace de un "
"uso inadecuado de `$*`."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:835
#, no-wrap
msgid "Further reading"
msgstr "Otras lecturas"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:839
msgid ""
"[[lukem]]http://www.mewburn.net/luke/papers/rc.d.pdf[The original article by "
"Luke Mewburn] offers a general overview of [.filename]#rc.d# and detailed "
"rationale for its design decisions.  It provides insight on the whole [."
"filename]#rc.d# framework and its place in a modern BSD operating system."
msgstr ""
"[[lukem]]http://www.mewburn.net/luke/papers/rc.d.pdf[El artículo original de "
"Luke Mewburn] ofrece una visión general de [.filename]#rc.d# y una "
"explicación detallada de las decisiones de diseño. Proporciona información "
"sobre todo el framework de [.filename]#rc.d# y su lugar de un sistema "
"operativo BSD moderno."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:842
msgid ""
"[[manpages]]The manual pages man:rc[8], man:rc.subr[8], and man:rcorder[8] "
"document the [.filename]#rc.d# components in great detail.  You cannot fully "
"use the [.filename]#rc.d# power without studying the manual pages and "
"referring to them while writing your own scripts."
msgstr ""
"[[manpages]] Las páginas del manual de man:rc[8], man:rc.subr[8], y "
"man:rcorder[8] documentan los componentes de [.filename]#rc.d# en gran "
"detalle. No puedes usar toda la potencia de [.filename]#rc.d# sin estudiar "
"las páginas del manual y hacer referencia a ellas mientras escribes tus "
"propios scripts."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:846
msgid ""
"The major source of working, real-life examples is [.filename]#/etc/rc.d# in "
"a live system.  Its contents are easy and pleasant to read because most "
"rough corners are hidden deep in man:rc.subr[8].  Keep in mind though that "
"the [.filename]#/etc/rc.d# scripts were not written by angels, so they might "
"suffer from bugs and suboptimal design decisions.  Now you can improve them!"
msgstr ""
"La mayor fuente de ejemplos de la vida real en funcionamiento es [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.d# en un sistema real. Su contenido es fácil y agradable "
"de leer porque la mayoría de los asuntos espinosos están escondidos en man:rc"
".subr[8]. De cualquier forma ten en cuenta que los scripts de [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.d# no han sido escritos por los ángeles, así que podrían tener bugs y "
"decisiones de diseño subóptimas. ¡Ahora puedes mejorarlos!"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[] include::shared/"
#~ "{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists."
#~ "adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[]\n"
#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[]\n"
#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists.adoc[]\n"
#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]"