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<chapter id="ports">
  <title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç Åöáñìïãþí: ÐáêÝôá êáé Ports</title>

  <sect1 id="ports-synopsis">
    <title>Óýíïøç</title>

    <indexterm><primary>ports</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>Packages</primary></indexterm>
    <para>Ôï &os; óõíïäåýåôáé áðü ìßá ðëïýóéá óõëëïãÞ áðü ðñïãñÜììáôá óáí
      ìÝñïò ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò.  ¼ìùò, ëßãá ìðïñåß íá êÜíåé êÜðïéïò ðñéí
      âñåèåß óôçí áíÜãêç íá åãêáôáóôÞóåé ìéá ðñüóèåôç åöáñìïãÞ ãéá íá
      õëïðïéÞóåé ìéá ðñáãìáôéêÞ åñãáóßá.  Ôï &os; ðáñÝ÷åé äõï óõìðëçñùìáôéêÝò
      ôå÷íïëïãßåò ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ðñüóèåôåò åöáñìïãÝò óôï óýóôçìá óáò:
      ôç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports (Ports Collection, ãéá åãêáôÜóôáóç áðü ôïí
      ðçãáßï êþäéêá), êáé ôá ðáêÝôá (packages, ãéá åãêáôÜóôáóç áðü
      ðñï-ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíá åêôåëÝóéìá ðáêÝôá).  ÊÜèå ìßá áðü ôéò äõï ìåèüäïõò
      ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôéò íåüôåñåò åêäüóåéò áðü
      ôéò áãáðçìÝíåò óáò åöáñìïãÝò, áðü ôïðéêÜ áðïèçêåõôéêÜ ìÝóá Þ áðåõèåßáò
      áðü ôï äßêôõï.</para>

    <para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá åãêáèéóôÜôå ðñï-ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíá ðáêÝôá ëïãéóìéêïý.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå ðñüóèåôï ëïãéóìéêü áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá êÜíåôå áðåãêáôÜóôáóç åãêáôáóôçìÝíùí ðáêÝôùí Þ
	  ports.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá áëëÜæåôå ôéò ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß
	  ç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá âñßóêåôå ôá êáôÜëëçëá ðáêÝôá ëïãéóìéêïý.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá áíáâáèìßæåôå ôéò åöáñìïãÝò óáò.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ports-overview">
    <title>ÅðéóêüðçóÞ ôçò åãêáôÜóôáóçò ëïãéóìéêïý</title>

    <para>Áí Ý÷åôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé Ýíá &unix; óýóôçìá óôï ðáñåëèüí, èá
      ãíùñßæåôå üôé ç óõíçèéóìÝíç äéáäéêáóßá ãéá ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ðñüóèåôïõ
      ëïãéóìéêïý åßíáé ðåñßðïõ ç ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

    <procedure>
      <step>
	<para><quote>ÊáôÝâáóìá</quote> ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý, ðïõ ìðïñåß íá
	  äéáíÝìåôáé óå ìïñöÞ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, Þ óáí åêôåëÝóéìï.</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>Áðïóõìðßåóç ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý áðü ôçí ìïñöÞ ôçò äéáíïìÞò ôïõ
	  (óõíÞèùò Ýíá tarball óõìðéåóìÝíï ìå ôï &man.compress.1;,
	  &man.gzip.1;, Þ &man.bzip2.1;).</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>Åíôïðéóìüò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò (ðéèáíþò Ýíá áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>INSTALL</filename> Þ <filename>README</filename>
	  Þ ìåñéêÜ áñ÷åßá ìÝóá óå Ýíá õðïêáôÜëïãï <filename>doc/</filename>)
	  êáé áíÜãíùóÞ ôïõò ãéá ôï ðùò èá åãêáôáóôáèåß ôï ëïãéóìéêü.</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>Áí ôï ëïãéóìéêü äéáíÝìåôáé ìå ôç ìïñöÞ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá,
	  ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ.  Áõôü ìðïñåß íá ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôçí åðåîåñãáóßá åíüò
	  <filename>Makefile</filename>, Þ ôçí åêôÝëåóç åíüò
	  <command>configure</command> script, êáé Üëëåò åñãáóßåò.</para>
      </step>

      <step>
	<para>ÄïêéìÞ êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý.</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>

    <para>Êáé áõôÜ ìüíï áí üëá ðÜíå êáëÜ.  Áí åãêáèéóôÜôå Ýíá ëïãéóìéêü ðïõ
      äåí Ý÷åé ìåôáöåñèåß óôï &os; ßóùò íá ðñÝðåé íá ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå ôïí ðçãáßï
      êþäéêá ãéá íá äïõëÝøåé óùóôÜ.</para>

    <para>Áí ôï èÝëåôå, ìðïñåßôå íá óõíå÷ßóåôå íá åãêáèéóôÜôå ëïãéóìéêü ìå
      ôïí <quote>ðáñáäïóéáêü</quote> ôñüðï óôï &os;.  ¼ìùò, ôï &os;
      ðáñÝ÷åé äõï ôå÷íïëïãßåò ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá óáò ãëéôþóïõí áðü ðïëý êüðï:
      ôá ðáêÝôá êáé ôá ports.  Ôçí óôéãìÞ ðïõ ãñÜöôçêå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï,
      äéáôßèïíôáí ìå áõôüí ôïí ôñüðï ðÜíù áðü &os.numports; ðñüóèåôåò
      åöáñìïãÝò.</para>

    <para>Ãéá ïðïéáäÞðïôå åöáñìïãÞ, ôï áíôßóôïé÷ï &os; ðáêÝôï ôçò
      åßíáé Ýíá ìïíáäéêü áñ÷åßï ðïõ ðñÝðåé åóåßò íá <quote>êáôåâÜóåôå</quote>.
      Ôï ðáêÝôï ðåñéÝ÷åé ðñï-ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíá áíôßãñáöá áðü üëåò ôéò åíôïëÝò
      ôçò åöáñìïãÞò, üðùò åðßóçò êáé áñ÷åßá ðáñáìåôñïðïßçóçò Þ ôåêìçñßùóçò.
      ¸íá ôÝôïéï ðáêÝôï óå ìïñöÞ áñ÷åßïõ, ìðïñåßôå íá ôï ÷åéñéóôåßôå ìå ôéò
      åíôïëÝò äéá÷åßñéóÞò ðáêÝôùí ôïõ &os;, üðùò ïé &man.pkg.add.1;,
      &man.pkg.delete.1;, &man.pkg.info.1;, êáé ðÜåé ëÝãïíôáò.
      Ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ìéáò íÝáò åöáñìïãÞò ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé ìå ìßá ìüíï
      åíôïëÞ.</para>

    <para>¸íá &os; port ãéá ìßá åöáñìïãÞ åßíáé ìéá óõëëïãÞ áðü áñ÷åßá
      ó÷åäéáóìÝíá ãéá íá áõôïìáôïðïéÞóïõí ôçí äéáäéêáóßá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôçò
      åöáñìïãÞò áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá.</para>

    <para>Èõìçèåßôå üôé õðÜñ÷ïõí ìåñéêÜ âÞìáôá ðïõ èá ðñÝðåé ëïãéêÜ íá êÜíåôå
      áí ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå Ýíá ðñüãñáììá ìüíïò óáò (<quote>êáôÝâáóìá</quote>,
      áðïóõìðßåóç, ðñïóáñìïãÞ (patching), ìåôáãëþôôéóç, åãêáôÜóôáóç).
      Ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ áðïôåëïýí Ýíá port ðåñéÝ÷ïõí üëåò ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò
      ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá íá åðéôñÝøïõí óôï óýóôçìá íá êÜíåé üëá áõôÜ ãéá åóÜò.
      Åóåßò åêôåëåßôå ìåñéêÝò áðëÝò åíôïëÝò, êáé ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò ãéá ôçí
      åöáñìïãÞ áõôüìáôá <quote>êáôåâáßíåé</quote>, áðïóõìðéÝæåôáé,
      ðñïóáñìüæåôáé, ìåôáãëùôôßæåôáé, êáé åãêáèßóôáôáé ãéá åóÜò.</para>

    <para>Óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá, ôï óýóôçìá ports ìðïñåß åðßóçò íá
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá íá äçìéïõñãçèïýí ðáêÝôá ðïõ ìðïñåßôå áñãüôåñá íá
      äéá÷åéñéóôåßôå ìå ôçí <command>pkg_add</command> êáé ôéò Üëëåò åíôïëÝò
      äéá÷åßñéóÞò ðáêÝôùí ðïõ èá áíáöåñèïýí óå ëßãï.</para>

    <para>Ôüóï ôá ðáêÝôá, üóï êáé ôá ports êáôáíïïýí ôéò
      <emphasis>åîáñôÞóåéò (dependencies)</emphasis>.  Áò õðïèÝóïõìå üôé
      èÝëåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ìßá åöáñìïãÞ ðïõ åîáñôÜôáé áðü ìßá óõãêåêñéìÝíç
      âéâëéïèÞêç ãéá íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé.  Ôüóï ç åöáñìïãÞ, üóï êáé ç âéâëéïèÞêç
      äéáôßèåíôáé ùò ðáêÝôá êáé ports ôïõ &os;.  Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
      <command>pkg_add</command> Þ ôï óýóôçìá ôùí ports ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå
      ôçí åöáñìïãÞ, áìöüôåñá èá ðáñáôçñÞóïõí üôé ç âéâëéïèÞêç äåí åßíáé
      åãêáôåóôçìÝíç, êáé áõôüìáôá èá ôçí åãêáôáóôÞóïõí ðñéí áðü ôï
      ðñüãñáììá.</para>

    <para>¸÷ïíôáò áíáöÝñåé üôé ïé äýï ôå÷íïëïãßåò åßíáé áñêåôÜ üìïéåò, ßóùò íá
      áíáñùôéÝóôå ãéáôß ôï &os; ðñïóöÝñåé êáé ôéò äýï.  Ôá ðáêÝôá êáé ôá
      ports áìöüôåñá Ý÷ïõí ôá äéêÜ ôïõò ðëåïíåêôÞìáôá, êáé ôï ôé èá
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôçí äéêÞ óáò ðñïôßìçóç.</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <title>ÐëåïíåêôÞìáôá ôùí ÐáêÝôùí</title>

      <listitem>
	<para>¸íá óõìðéåóìÝíï tarball ðáêÝôïõ åßíáé óõíÞèùò ìéêñüôåñï áðü
	  ôï óõìðéåóìÝíï tarball ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ãéá ôçí
	  åöáñìïãÞ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ôá ðáêÝôá äåí ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé ìåôáãëþôôéóç.  Ãéá
	  ìåãÜëåò åöáñìïãÝò, üðùò åßíáé ï
	  <application>Mozilla</application>, ôï
	  <application>KDE</application>, Þ ôï
	  <application>GNOME</application> áõôü ìðïñåß íá åßíáé óçìáíôéêü,
	  éäéáßôåñá áí âñßóêåóôå óå Ýíá áñãü ìç÷Üíçìá.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ôá ðáêÝôá äåí áðáéôïýí íá êáôáíïÞóåôå ôçí äéáäéêáóßá
	  ðïõ ó÷åôßæåôáé ìå ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç ëïãéóìéêïý óôï &os;.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <itemizedlist>
      <title>ÐëåïíåêôÞìáôá ôùí Ports</title>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ôá ðáêÝôá óõíÞèùò åßíáé ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíá ìå óõíôçñçôéêÝò
	  åðéëïãÝò, åðåéäÞ ðñÝðåé íá ëåéôïõñãïýí óôïí ìÝãéóôï áñéèìü
	  óõóôçìÜôùí.  Ìå åãêáôÜóôáóç áðü ôï port, ìðïñåßôå íá ñõèìßóåôå ôéò
	  åðéëïãÝò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò (ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá) íá äçìéïõñãÞóïõí åêôåëÝóéìï
	  êþäéêá ðïõ íá åêìåôáëëåýåôáé ôéò éêáíüôçôåò åíüò Pentium 4 Þ Athlon
	  åðåîåñãáóôÞ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ÌåñéêÝò åöáñìïãÝò Ý÷ïõí åðéëïãÝò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé
	  ìå ôï ôé ìðïñïýí íá êÜíïõí êáé ôé ü÷é.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ï
	  <application>Apache</application> ìðïñåß íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß ìå Ýíá
	  åõñý öÜóìá áðü åðéëïãÝò.  Ìåôáãëùôôßæïíôáò ôïí áðü ôï port, äåí
	  åßíáé áíÜãêç íá äå÷ôåßôå ôéò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò åðéëïãÝò, ìðïñåßôå íá
	  êÜíåôå ôéò äéêÝò óáò.</para>

	<para>Óå ìåñéêÝò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ìðïñåß íá õðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëáðëÜ ðáêÝôá
	  ãéá ôçí ßäéá åöáñìïãÞ, ìå äéáöïñåôéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá,
	  ôï <application>Ghostscript</application> äéáôßèåôáé ùò Ýíá ðáêÝôï
	  <filename>ghostscript</filename> êáé Ýíá ðáêÝôï
	  <filename>ghostscript-nox11</filename>, áíáëüãùò áí
	  èá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Þ ü÷é Ýíáí X11 server.  Áõôïý ôïõ ôýðïõ
	  ïé ñõèìßóåéò åßíáé äõíáôÝò ìå ôá ðáêÝôá, áëëÜ ãñÞãïñá
	  ãßíïíôáé áäýíáôåò áí ìßá åöáñìïãÞ Ý÷åé ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü ìßá Þ äýï
	  äéáöïñåôéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ïé óõíèÞêåò ôùí áäåéþí äéáíïìÞò áðü ìåñéêÝò äéáíïìÝò
	  ëïãéóìéêïý, áðáãïñåýïõí ôçí äéáíïìÞ åêôåëÝóéìïõ êþäéêá.  ÐñÝðåé íá
	  äéáíåìçèïýí ìå ôçí ìïñöÞ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ÌåñéêÜ Üôïìá äåí åìðéóôåýïíôáé ôá Ýôïéìá åêôåëÝóéìá.
	  ÔïõëÜ÷éóôïí ìå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, ìðïñåßôå (èåùñçôéêÜ) íá ôïí
	  äéáâÜóåôå êáé íá øÜîåôå ãéá ðéèáíÜ ðñïâëÞìáôá ìüíïò óáò.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Áí Ý÷åôå ôïðéêÜ, äéêÜ óáò patches, èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå ôïí ðçãáßï
	  êþäéêá ãéá íá ôá åöáñìüóåôå.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ÌåñéêÜ Üôïìá ãïõóôÜñïõí íá Ý÷ïõí ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, þóôå íá ôïí
	  äéáâÜóïõí áí âáñåèïýíå, íá ôïí áëëÜîïõí (hack), íá äáíåéóôïýí áðü
	  áõôüí (áí âÝâáéá ôï åðéôñÝðåé ç Üäåéá), ê.ë.ð.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>Ãéá íá åßóôå åíÞìåñïò ãéá ôá áíáíåùìÝíá ports, åããñáöåßôå óôçí
      &a.ports; êáé óôçí &a.ports-bugs;.</para>

    <warning>
      <para>Ðñéí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ïðïéïäÞðïôå åöáñìïãÞ, ðñÝðåé íá åëÝã÷åôå ôï
	<ulink url="http://vuxml.freebsd.org/"></ulink> ãéá èÝìáôá áóöáëåßáò
	ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôçí åöáñìïãÞ óáò.</para>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï <filename
	  role="package">ports-mgmt/portaudit</filename> ôï ïðïßï áõôüìáôá
	èá åëÝã÷åé üëåò ôéò åãêáôáóôçìÝíåò åöáñìïãÝò ãéá ãíùóôÜ ôñùôÜ
	óçìåßá.  ¸ëåã÷ïò åðßóçò èá ðñáãìáôïðïéåßôáé ðñéí ôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç
	ïðïéïõäÞðïôå port.  Óôï åíäéÜìåóï, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí
	åíôïëÞ <command>portaudit -F -a</command> áöüôïõ Ý÷åôå ðñþôá
	åãêáôáóôÞóåé ìåñéêÜ ðáêÝôá.</para>
    </warning>

    <para>Ôï õðüëïéðï áõôïý ôïõ êåöáëáßïõ åîçãåß ðùò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôá
      ðáêÝôá êáé ôá ports ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé íá äéá÷åéñéóôåßôå ðñüóèåôï
      ëïãéóìéêü óôï &os;.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ports-finding-applications">
    <title>Âñßóêïíôáò ôçí ÅöáñìïãÞ óáò</title>

    <para>Ðñéí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ïðïéáäÞðïôå åöáñìïãÞ ðñÝðåé íá ãíùñßæåôå ôé
      èÝëåôå íá êÜíåé, êáé ðùò ïíïìÜæåôáé ç åöáñìïãÞ.</para>

    <para>Ç ëßóôá ôùí äéáèÝóéìùí åöáñìïãþí óôï &os; ìåãáëþíåé óõíå÷þò.
      Åõôõ÷þò, õðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëïß ôñüðïé íá âñåßôå áõôü ðïõ èÝëåôå:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Óôç äéêôõáêÞ ôïðïèåóßá ôïõ &os; èá âñåßôå ìéá
	  ëßóôá áðü üëåò ôéò äéáèÝóéìåò åöáñìïãÝò, óôï <ulink
	    url="&url.base;/ports/index.html">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</ulink>.
	  Ç ëßóôá áõôÞ áíáíåþíåôáé óõ÷íÜ, åíþ õðÜñ÷åé êáé äõíáôüôçôá
	  áíáæÞôçóçò.  Ôá ports åßíáé ÷ùñéóìÝíá óå êáôçãïñßåò, êáé ìðïñåßôå
	  íá áíáæçôÞóåôå ìßá åöáñìïãÞ åßôå ìå ôï üíïìá (áí ôï îÝñåôå), Þ íá
	  äåßôå üëåò ôéò åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ åßíáé äéáèÝóéìåò óå ìéá
	  êáôçãïñßá.</para>
      </listitem>

      <indexterm><primary>FreshPorts</primary></indexterm>
      <listitem>
	<para>Ï Dan Langille äéáôçñåß ôï FreshPorts, óôï <ulink
	    url="http://www.FreshPorts.org/"></ulink>.  Ôï FreshPorts
	  êáôáãñÜöåé ôéò áëëáãÝò ôùí åöáñìïãþí óôï äÝíôñï ôùí ports êáèþò
	  óõìâáßíïõí, åðéôñÝðïíôÜò óáò íá <quote>ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå</quote> Ýíá
	  Þ ðåñéóóüôåñá ports, êáé ìðïñåß íá óáò óôåßëåé email üôáí áõôÜ
	  áíáíåþíïíôáé.</para>
      </listitem>

      <indexterm><primary>FreshMeat</primary></indexterm>
      <listitem>
	<para>Áí äåí ãíùñßæåôå ôï üíïìá ôçò åöáñìïãÞò ðïõ èÝëåôå,
	  äïêéìÜóôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá site óáí ôï FreshMeat (<ulink
	    url="http://www.freshmeat.net/"></ulink>) ãéá íá âñåßôå ìßá
	  åöáñìïãÞ, êáé ìåôÜ ìðïñåßôå íá åëÝãîåôå îáíÜ ôï site ôïõ &os; ãéá
	  íá äåßôå áí ç åöáñìïãÞ Ý÷åé ãßíåé port.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Áí îÝñåôå ôï áêñéâÝò üíïìá ôïõ port, êáé èÝëåôå ìüíï íá
	  âñåßôå óå ðïéá êáôçãïñßá åßíáé, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí
	  åíôïëÞ &man.whereis.1;.  ÁðëÜ ãñÜøôå
	  <command>whereis <replaceable>áñ÷åßï</replaceable></command>, üðïõ
	  <replaceable>áñ÷åßï</replaceable> åßíáé ôï ðñüãñáììá ðïõ èÝëåôå íá
	  åãêáôáóôÞóåôå.  Áí áõôü âñßóêåôáé óôï óýóôçìá óáò, ç åíôïëÞ èá óáò
	  ðåé ðïõ åßíáé, üðùò ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>whereis lsof</userinput>
lsof: /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</screen>

	<para>Áõôü ìáò ëÝåé üôé ôï <command>lsof</command> (Ýíá åñãáëåßï
	  óõóôÞìáôïò) ìðïñåß íá âñåèåß óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename>/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</filename>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Åðéðñüóèåôá, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ìéá áðëÞ åíôïëÞ
	  &man.echo.1; ãéá íá åíôïðßóåôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá êÜðïéïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò
	  ìÝóá óôá ports.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo /usr/ports/*/*lsof*</userinput>
/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</screen>

	<para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé ôï ðáñáðÜíù èá äåßîåé åðßóçò êáé ïðïéáäÞðïôå
	  áñ÷åßá Ý÷ïõí êáôÝâåé óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename class="directory">/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> åöüóïí
	  ôáéñéÜæïõí óôçí áíáæÞôçóç.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Áêüìç Ýíáò ôñüðïò íá âñåßôå Ýíá óõãêåêñéìÝíï port, åßíáé
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôïí åóùôåñéêü ìç÷áíéóìü áíáæÞôçóçò ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí
	  Ports.  Ãá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï áíáæÞôçóçò, Èá
	  ÷ñåéáóôåß íá âñßóêåóôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename>/usr/ports</filename>.  ¼ôáí âñåèåßôå óå áõôüí ôïí
	  êáôÜëïãï, åêôåëÝóôå ôï <command>make <maketarget>search</maketarget>
	  name=<replaceable>üíïìá--ðñïãñÜììáôïò</replaceable></command> üðïõ
	  <replaceable>üíïìá--ðñïãñÜììáôïò</replaceable> åßíáé ôï üíïìá
	  ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò ðïõ èÝëåôå íá âñåßôå.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí áíáæçôÜôå
	  ôï <command>lsof</command>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make search name=lsof</userinput>
Port:   lsof-4.56.4
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
Info:   Lists information about open files (similar to fstat(1))
Maint:  obrien@FreeBSD.org
Index:  sysutils
B-deps:
R-deps: </screen>

	<para>Ôï ôìÞìá ôçò åîüäïõ ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóÝîåôå éäéáßôåñá
	  åßíáé ç ãñáììÞ <quote>Path:</quote>, áöïý áõôÞ óáò
	  ëÝåé ðïõ íá âñåßôå ôï port.  Ïé õðüëïéðåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ
	  ðáñÝ÷ïíôáé äåí ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé ãéá íá åãêáôáóôáèåß ôï port, ãéá áõôü
	  äåí èá áíáëõèïýí åäþ.</para>

	<para>Ãéá ðéï ëåðôïìåñÞ áíáæÞôçóç ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå åðßóçò
	  <command>make <maketarget>search</maketarget> key=<replaceable>öñÜóç</replaceable></command> üðïõ
	  <replaceable>öñÜóç</replaceable> åßíáé êÜðïéï êåßìåíï ðñïò
	  áíáæÞôçóç.  Áõôü áíáæçôÜ ïíüìáôá port, ó÷üëéá, ðåñéãñáöÝò êáé
	  åîáñôÞóåéò, êáé ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá íá âñåèïýí ports ðïõ
	  ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå Ýíá óõãêåêñéìÝíï èÝìá, åÜí äåí ãíùñßæåôå ôï üíïìá
	  ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò ðïõ áíáæçôÜôå.</para>

	<para>Óå üëåò ôéò ðáñáðÜíù ðåñéðôþóåéò, ç öñÜóç ðñïò áíáæÞôçóç åßíáé
	  case-insensitive (äåí ëáìâÜíåé õðüøç ôéò äéáöïñÝò êåöáëáßùí-ìéêñþí).
	  Ç áíáæÞôçóç ãéá ôï <quote>LSOF</quote>, èá äþóåé ôá ßäéá
	  áðïôåëÝóìáôá ìå ôçí áíáæÞôçóç ãéá ôï <quote>lsof</quote>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="packages-using">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Chern</firstname>
	  <surname>Lee</surname>
	  <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    <!-- 30 Mar 2001 -->
    </sect1info>

    <title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï Óýóôçìá ôùí ÐáêÝôùí</title>

    <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äéÜöïñá åñãáëåßá ìå ôá ïðïßá ìðïñåßôå íá äéá÷åéñéóôåßôå ôá
      ðáêÝôá óôï &os;:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Óå Ýíá óýóôçìá ðïõ âñßóêåôáé Þäç óå ëåéôïõñãßá, ìðïñåßôå íá
	  åêôåëÝóåôå ôï <application>sysinstall</application> ãéá íá
	  åãêáôáóôÞóåôå, íá äéáãñÜøåôå, êáé íá äåßôå ôéò åãêáôåóôçìÝíåò êáé
	  ôéò äéáèÝóéìåò åöáñìïãÝò.  Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, äåßôå ôï
	  <xref linkend="install-post">, ÌåôÜ ôçí ÅãêáôÜóôáóç.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ôá äéÜöïñá åñãáëåßá äéá÷åßñéóçò ìÝóù ôçò ãñáììÞò åíôïëþí, ðïõ
	  áðïôåëïýí êáé ôï áíôéêåßìåíï óõæÞôçóçò áõôÞò ôçò åíüôçôáò.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <sect2>
      <title>Åãêáèéóôþíôáò Ýíá ÐáêÝôï</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>packages</primary>
	<secondary>installing</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><command>pkg_add</command></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï åñãáëåßï &man.pkg.add.1; ãéá íá
	åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá ðáêÝôï ëïãéóìéêïý ôïõ &os; áðü Ýíá ôïðéêÜ
	áðïèçêåõìÝíï áñ÷åßï Þ áðü Ýíáí äéáêïìéóôÞ óôï äßêôõï.</para>

      <example>
	<title><quote>ÊáôÝâáóìá</quote> åíüò ðáêÝôïõ ÷åéñïêßíçôá êáé
	  åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ ôïðéêÜ</title>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ftp -a <replaceable>ftp2.FreeBSD.org</replaceable></userinput>
Connected to ftp2.FreeBSD.org.
220 ftp2.FreeBSD.org FTP server (Version 6.00LS) ready.
331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password.
230-
230-     This machine is in Vienna, VA, USA, hosted by Verio.
230-         Questions? E-mail freebsd@vienna.verio.net.
230-
230-
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
<prompt>ftp></prompt> <userinput>cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/sysutils/</userinput>
250 CWD command successful.
<prompt>ftp></prompt> <userinput>get lsof-4.56.4.tgz</userinput>
local: lsof-4.56.4.tgz remote: lsof-4.56.4.tgz
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for 'lsof-4.56.4.tgz' (92375 bytes).
100% |**************************************************| 92375       00:00 ETA
226 Transfer complete.
92375 bytes received in 5.60 seconds (16.11 KB/s)
<prompt>ftp></prompt> <userinput>exit</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add <replaceable>lsof-4.56.4.tgz</replaceable></userinput></screen>
      </example>

      <para>ÅÜí äåí Ý÷åôå ìßá ôïðéêÞ ðçãÞ ðáêÝôùí (üðùò åßíáé Ýíá
	&os; CD-ROM set) ôüôå ßóùò åßíáé åõêïëüôåñï íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
	ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-r</option> ãéá ôï &man.pkg.add.1;.  ÁõôÞ èá
	êÜíåé ôï åñãáëåßï íá êáèïñßóåé áõôüìáôá ôç óùóôÞ ìïñöÞ êáé Ýêäïóç
	êáé Ýðåéôá íá áíáêôÞóåé êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôï ðáêÝôï áðü Ýíá FTP
	site.</para>

      <indexterm><primary><command>pkg_add</command></primary></indexterm>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r <replaceable>lsof</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá èá <quote>êáôåâÜóåé</quote> êáé èá
	åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôï óùóôü ðáêÝôï ÷ùñßò ðåñáéôÝñù åðÝìâáóç ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç.
	Áí äåí èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï êýñéï site äéáíïìÞò ðáêÝôùí,
	ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜðïéï mirror.  Ãéá ôï óêïðü áõôü, èá
	ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå óùóôÜ ôçí ôéìÞ ôçò <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar>,
	þóôå íá ðáñáêÜìøåôå ôéò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò.  Ôï &man.pkg.add.1;
	÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï &man.fetch.3; ãéá íá <quote>êáôåâÜóåé</quote> ôá
	áñ÷åßá, êáé áõôü ìå ôç óåéñÜ ôïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß äéÜöïñåò ìåôáâëçôÝò
	ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò, ðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíùí ôùí
	<envar>FTP_PASSIVE_MODE</envar>, <envar>FTP_PROXY</envar>, êáé
	<envar>FTP_PASSWORD</envar>.  ºóùò ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ñõèìßóåôå ìßá Þ
	ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü áõôÝò áí âñßóêåóôå ðßóù áðü Ýíá firewall, Þ ßóùò íá
	÷ñåéáóôåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíáí FTP/HTTP proxy.  Äåßôå ôï
	&man.fetch.3; ãéá ôçí ðëÞñç ëßóôá ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí.  ÐñïóÝîôå üôé óôï
	ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ôï <literal>lsof</literal> áíôß
	ôïõ <literal>lsof-4.56.4</literal>.  ¼ôáí ãßíåôáé áðïìáêñõóìÝíç ëÞøç,
	ðñÝðåé íá áöáéñåèåß ï áñéèìüò Ýêäïóçò ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ.
	Ôï &man.pkg.add.1; èá <quote>êáôåâÜóåé</quote> áõôüìáôá ôçí ôåëåõôáßá
	Ýêäïóç ôçò åöáñìïãÞò.</para>

      <note>
	<para>Ôï &man.pkg.add.1; èá <quote>êáôåâÜóåé</quote> ôçí ôåëåõôáßá
	  Ýêäïóç ôçò åöáñìïãÞò áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå &os.current; Þ
	  &os.stable;.  Áí ôñÝ÷åôå ìéá -RELEASE Ýêäïóç, èá
	  <quote>êáôåâÜóåé</quote> ôçí Ýêäïóç ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ ðïõ Ý÷åé
	  ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç óáò.  Åßíáé äõíáôü íá ôï áëëÜîåôå
	  áõôü, áëëÜæïíôáò ôçí <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar>.
	  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí ôñÝ÷åôå Ýíá óýóôçìá &os;&nbsp;5.4-RELEASE,
	  ôï &man.pkg.add.1;, áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ, èá ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá
	  <quote>êáôåâÜóåé</quote> ðáêÝôá áðü ôï
	  <literal>ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5.4-release/Latest/</literal>.
	  Áí èÝëåôå íá áíáãêÜóåôå ôï &man.pkg.add.1;
	  íá <quote>êáôåâÜóåé</quote> ðáêÝôá ôïõ &os;&nbsp;5-STABLE, èÝóôå
	  ôçí <envar>PACKAGESITE</envar> ùò
	  <literal>ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable/Latest/</literal>.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ôá áñ÷åßá ôùí ðáêÝôùí äéáíÝìïíôáé óå ìïñöÝò
	<filename>.tgz</filename> êáé <filename>.tbz</filename>.  Ìðïñåßôå
	íá ôá âñåßôå óôï <ulink
	  url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/"></ulink>,
	Þ óôá CD-ROM ôçò äéáíïìÞò ôïõ &os;.  ÊÜèå CD óôï &os; 4-CD set (êáé
	óôï PowerPak, êëð.) ðåñéÝ÷åé ðáêÝôá óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/packages</filename>.  Ç êáôçãïñéïðïßçóç ôùí ðáêÝôùí
	áêïëïõèåß ôçí äïìÞ ôïõ äÝíôñïõ <filename>/usr/ports</filename>.
	ÊÜèå êáôçãïñßá Ý÷åé ôï äéêü ôçò êáôÜëïãï, êáé êÜèå ðáêÝôï ìðïñåß íá
	âñåèåß óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>All</filename>.</para>

      <para>Ç äïìÞ ôùí êáôáëüãùí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ðáêÝôùí ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ôçí
	áíôßóôïé÷ç ôùí ports.  Ôá äýï óõóôÞìáôá óõíåñãÜæïíôáé ìåôáîý ôïõò ãéá
	íá äçìéïõñãÞóïõí ôï óõíïëéêü óýóôçìá ðáêÝôùí/ports.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Äéá÷åßñéóç ôùí ÐáêÝôùí</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>packages</primary>
	<secondary>managing</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Ôï &man.pkg.info.1; åßíáé Ýíá åñãáëåßï ðïõ ðáñáèÝôåé êáé
	ðåñéãñÜöåé ôá äéÜöïñá ðáêÝôá ðïõ åßíáé åãêáôáóôçìÝíá.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><command>pkg_info</command></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info</userinput>
cvsup-16.1          A general network file distribution system optimized for CV
docbook-1.2         Meta-port for the different versions of the DocBook DTD
...</screen>
      <para>Ôï &man.pkg.version.1; åßíáé Ýíá åñãáëåßï ðïõ óõíïøßæåé ôéò
	åêäüóåéò üëùí ôùí åãêáôáóôçìÝíùí ðáêÝôùí.  Óõãêñßíåé ôçí Ýêäïóç êÜèå
	ðáêÝôïõ, ìå ôçí ôñÝ÷ïõóá Ýêäïóç ðïõ âñßóêåôáé óôï äÝíôñï ôùí
	ports.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><command>pkg_version</command></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_version</userinput>
cvsup                       =
docbook                     =
...</screen>

      <para>Ôá óýìâïëá óôçí äåýôåñç óôÞëç äçëþíïõí ôçí ó÷åôéêÞ çëéêßá
	ìåôáîý ôùí åãêáôåóôçìÝíùí åêäüóåùí êáé ôùí åêäüóåùí ðïõ åßíáé
	äéáèÝóéìåò óôï ôïðéêü äÝíôñï ôùí ports.</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>Óýìâïëï</entry>
	      <entry>Óçìáóßá</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>=</entry>
	      <entry>Ç Ýêäïóç ôïõ åãêáôåóôçìÝíïõ ðáêÝôïõ ôáéñéÜæåé ìå áõôÞ
		ðïõ åßíáé äéáèÝóéìç óôï ôïðéêü äÝíôñï ôùí ports.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>&lt;</entry>
	      <entry>Ç åãêáôåóôçìÝíç Ýêäïóç åßíáé ðáëáéüôåñç áðü áõôÞ ðïõ
		åßíáé äéáèÝóéìç óôï äÝíôñï ôùí ports.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>&gt;</entry>
	      <entry>Ç åãêáôåóôçìÝíç Ýêäïóç åßíáé íåüôåñç áðü áõôÞ ðïõ åßíáé
		äéáèÝóéìç óôï ôïðéêü äÝíôñï ôùí ports.  (Ôï ôïðéêü äÝíôñï ôùí
		ports åßíáé ðéèáíüôáôá áðáñ÷áéùìÝíï.)</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>?</entry>
	      <entry>Ôï åãêáôåóôçìÝíï ðáêÝôï äåí âñßóêåôáé óôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá
		ôùí ports.  (Áõôü ìðïñåß íá óõìâåß, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí Ýíá
		åãêáôåóôçìÝíï port Ý÷åé áöáéñåèåß áðü ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports,
		Þ Ý÷åé ìåôïíïìáóôåß.)</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>*</entry>
	      <entry>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëáðëÝò åêäüóåéò ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>!</entry>
	      <entry>Ôï åãêáôåóôçìÝíï ðáêÝôï õðÜñ÷åé óôï index, áëëÜ ãéá
		êÜðïéï ëüãï ôï <command>pkg_version</command> äåí êáôÜöåñå íá
		óõãêñßíåé ôçí Ýêäïóç ôïõ åãêáôåóôçìÝíïõ ðáêÝôïõ ìå ôçí
		áíôßóôïé÷ç êáôá÷þñçóç óôï index.</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Áöáéñþíôáò Ýíá ÐáêÝôï</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary><command>pkg_delete</command></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>packages</primary>
	<secondary>deleting</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Ãéá íá áöáéñÝóåôå Ýíá åãêáôåóôçìÝíï ðáêÝôï ëïãéóìéêïý,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï åñãáëåßï &man.pkg.delete.1;.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete <replaceable>xchat-1.7.1</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé ôï &man.pkg.delete.1; áðáéôåß ôï ðëÞñåò üíïìá êáé
	áñéèìü Ýêäïóçò ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ.  Ç ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ äåí èá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé
	áí äþóåôå áðëþò <replaceable>xchat</replaceable> áíôß ãéá
	<replaceable>xchat-1.7.1</replaceable>.  Åßíáé ùóôüóï åýêïëï íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí &man.pkg.version.1; ãéá íá âñåßôå ôçí Ýêäïóç ôïõ
	åãêáôåóôçìÝíïõ ðáêÝôïõ.  Áíôß ãéá áõôü, ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá ìðáëáíôÝñ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete <replaceable>xchat\*</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, èá äéáãñáöïýí üëá ôá ðáêÝôá ðïõ ôá ïíüìáôá
	ôïõò áñ÷ßæïõí ìå <literal>xchat</literal>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÄéÜöïñá</title>

      <para>¼ëåò ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôá ðáêÝôá åßíáé áðïèçêåõìÝíåò óôïí
	êáôÜëïãï <filename>/var/db/pkg</filename>.  Óôá áñ÷åßá áõôïý ôïõ
	êáôáëüãïõ, èá âñåßôå ôç ðåñéãñáöÞ êÜèå ðáêÝôïõ, êáèþò êáé ôç ëßóôá
	ôùí áñ÷åßùí ðïõ åãêáèéóôÜ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ports-using">
    <title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports</title>

    <para>Ôá ðáñáêÜôù ôìÞìáôá äßíïõí âáóéêÝò ïäçãßåò ÷ñÞóçò ôçò
      ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports ãéá åãêáôÜóôáóç Þ äéáãñáöÞ ðñïãñáììÜôùí óôï
      óýóôçìá óáò.  Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ëåðôïìåñÞ ðåñéãñáöÞ ôùí äéáèÝóéìùí
      åðéëïãþí ôïõ <command>make</command> êáé ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò
      óôï &man.ports.7;.</para>

    <sect2 id="ports-tree">
      <title>Áíáêôþíôáò ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports</title>

      <para>Ðñéí ìðïñÝóåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ðñïãñÜììáôá ìÝóù ôùí ports,
	ðñÝðåé ðñþôá íá áíáêôÞóåôå ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports.  Ðñüêåéôáé
	ïõóéáóôéêÜ ãéá ìéá óõëëïãÞ áðü <filename>Makefiles</filename>,
	patches, êáé áñ÷åßá ðåñéãñáöÞò ðïõ ôïðïèåôïýíôáé óôï
	<filename>/usr/ports</filename>.</para>

      <para>¼ôáí åãêáôáóôÞóáôå ôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò,
	ôï <application>sysinstall</application> óáò ñþôçóå áí èÝëáôå
	íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports.  Áí åðéëÝîáôå ü÷é, ìðïñåßôå íá
	áêïëïõèÞóåôå áõôÝò ôéò ïäçãßåò ãéá íá áíáêôÞóåôå ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí
	Ports:</para>

      <procedure>
	<title>ÌÝèïäïò CVSup</title>

	<para>ÁõôÞ åßíáé ìéá ãñÞãïñç ìÝèïäïò ãéá íá áíáêôÞóåôå êáé íá
	  äéáôçñÞóåôå Ýíá áíáíåùìÝíï áíôßãñáöï ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports,
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï ðñùôüêïëëï <application>CVSup</application>.
	  Áí èÝëåôå íá ìÜèåôå ðåñéóóüôåñá ãéá ôï
	  <application>CVSup</application>, äåßôå ôï
	  <link linkend="cvsup">×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï CVSup</link>.</para>

	<note>
	  <para>Ç õëïðïßçóç ôïõ <application>CVSup</application> ðïõ
	    ðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé óå Ýíá óýóôçìá &os;, ïíïìÜæåôáé
	    <application>csup</application>.  Åìöáíßóôçêå ãéá ðñþôç öïñÜ óôï
	    &os;&nbsp;6.2.  Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ðáëáéüôåñùí åêäüóåùí ôïõ &os;, ìðïñïýí
	    íá ôï åãêáôáóôÞóïõí ìÝóù ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ Þ port
	    <filename role="package">net/csup</filename>.</para>
	</note>

	<para>Óéãïõñåõèåßôå üôé ôï
	  <filename role="directory">/usr/ports</filename>
	  åßíáé Üäåéï ðñéí åêôåëÝóåôå ôï <application>csup</application> ãéá
	  ðñþôç öïñÜ!  ÅÜí Ý÷åôå Þäç áíáêôÞóåé ôç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports ìÝóù
	  êÜðïéáò Üëëçò ðçãÞò, ôï <application>csup</application>
	  äåí èá äéáãñÜøåé patches ðïõ Ý÷ïõí áöáéñåèåß óôï ìåôáîý.</para>

	<step>
	  <para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ôï <command>csup</command>:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>csup -L 2 -h <replaceable>cvsup.FreeBSD.org</replaceable> /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ÁëëÜîôå ôï
	    <replaceable>cvsup.FreeBSD.org</replaceable> ìå Ýíáí
	    êïíôéíü óáò äéáêïìéóôÞ <application>CVSup</application>.  Äåßôå
	    ôï <link linkend="cvsup-mirrors">CVSup Mirrors</link> (<xref
	      linkend="cvsup-mirrors">) ãéá ôçí ðëÞñç ëßóôá ôùí mirror
	    sites.</para>

	  <note>
	    <para>Áí èÝëåôå, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï äéêü óáò
	      <filename>ports-supfile</filename>, þóôå íá áðïöýãåôå
	      (ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá) íá äçëþóåôå ôïí äéáêïìéóôÞ
	      <application>CVSup</application> óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí.</para>

	    <procedure>
	      <step>
		<para>Óå áõôÞ ôçí ðåñßðôùóç, ùò <username>root</username>,
		  áíôéãñÜøôå ôï
		  <filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile</filename>
		  óå ìßá íÝá ôïðïèåóßá, üðùò ôï <filename>/root</filename> Þ
		  ôïí äéêü óáò home êáôÜëïãï.</para>
	      </step>

	      <step>
		<para>ÔñïðïðïéÞóôå ôï <filename>ports-supfile</filename>.</para>
	      </step>

	      <step>
		<para>ÁëëÜîôå ôï
		  <replaceable>CHANGE_THIS.FreeBSD.org</replaceable>
		  ìå Ýíáí êïíôéíü óáò äéáêïìéóôÞ
		  <application>CVSup</application>.Äåßôå ôï <link
		    linkend="cvsup-mirrors">CVSup Mirrors</link>
		  (<xref linkend="cvsup-mirrors">) ãéá ôçí
		  ðëÞñç ëßóôá ôùí mirror sites.</para>
	      </step>

	      <step>
		<para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ôþñá ôï <command>csup</command>, ìå ôïí
		  áêüëïõèï ôñüðï:</para>

		<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>csup -L 2 <replaceable>/root/ports-supfile</replaceable></userinput></screen>
	      </step>
	    </procedure>
	  </note>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Åêôåëþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.csup.1; áñãüôåñá, èá
	    <quote>êáôåâÜóåé</quote> êáé èá åöáñìüóåé üëåò
	    ôéò ðñüóöáôåò áëëáãÝò óôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, åêôüò áðü ôï íá
	    åðáíá-ìåôáãëùôôßóåé ôá ports ãéá ôï óýóôçìá óáò.</para>
	</step>
      </procedure>

      <procedure>
	<title>ÌÝèïäïò Portsnap</title>

	<para>Ôï <application>Portsnap</application> åßíáé Ýíá åíáëëáêôéêü
	  óýóôçìá ãéá ôçí äéáíïìÞ ôçò
	  ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports.  ÄéáôÝèçêå ðñþôç öïñÜ óôï &os;&nbsp;6.0.
	  Óå ðáëáéüôåñá óõóôÞìáôá, ìðïñåßôå íá ôï åãêáôáóôÞóåôå áðü ôï ðáêÝôï
	  <filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portsnap</filename>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r portsnap</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ðáñáêáëþ åëÝãîôå ôï
	  <link linkend="updating-portsnap">×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï Portsnap</link>
	  ãéá ìßá ëåðôïìåñÞ ðåñéãñáöÞ üëùí ôùí ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêþí ôçò
	  åöáñìïãÞò.</para>

	<step>
	  <para>Áðü ôçí &os;&nbsp;6.1-RELEÁSE êáé ìå ôéò íåüôåñåò åêäüóåéò
	    ôïõ <application>Portsnap</application>, ìðïñåßôå
	    íá áðïöýãåôå áõôü ôï âÞìá ìå áóöÜëåéá.  Ôï <filename
	      class="directory">/usr/ports</filename> èá äçìéïõñãçèåß
	    áõôüìáôá ìå ôçí ðñþôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò &man.portsnap.8;.
	    Ìå ðáëáéüôåñåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ <application>Portsnap</application>,
	    ðñÝðåé íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíáí Üäåéï êáôÜëïãï <filename
	      class="directory">/usr/ports</filename> áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /usr/ports</userinput></screen>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para><quote>ÊáôåâÜóôå</quote> Ýíá óõìðéåóìÝíï snapshot ôçò
	    ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports
	    <filename class="directory">/var/db/portsnap</filename>.
	    Áí èÝëåôå, ìðïñåßôå íá áðïóõíäåèåßôå áðü ôï Äéáäßêôõï ìåôÜ áðü
	    áõôü ôï âÞìá.</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap fetch</userinput></screen>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Áí åêôåëåßôå ôï <application>Portsnap</application> ãéá
	    ðñþôç öïñÜ, êÜíôå åîáãùãÞ ôïõ snapshot ìÝóá óôï <filename
	      class="directory">/usr/ports</filename>:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap extract</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ÅÜí Þäç Ý÷åôå Ýíá ãåìÜôï <filename
	      class="directory">/usr/ports</filename> êáé áðëþò ôï áíáíåþíåôå,
	    åêôåëÝóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap update</userinput></screen>
	</step>
      </procedure>

      <procedure>
	<title>ÌÝèïäïò Sysinstall</title>

	<para>ÁõôÞ ç ìÝèïäïò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï
	  <application>sysinstall</application> ãéá ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò
	  ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports áðü ôï ìÝóï åãêáôÜóôáóçò.  Óçìåéþóôå üôé ìå áõôü
	  ôïí ôñüðï èá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ðáëáéü áíôßãñáöï ôçò
	  ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports, ðïõ áíôéóôïé÷åß óôçí çìåñïìçíßá ôçò Ýêäïóçò ôïõ
	  &os; ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå.  ÅÜí Ý÷åôå ðñüóâáóç óôï Äéáäßêôõï, ðñÝðåé
	  ðÜíôá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ìßá áðü ôéò ìåèüäïõò ðïõ áíáöÝñèçêáí ðéï
	  ðÜíù.</para>

	<step>
	  <para>Ùò <username>root</username>, åêôåëÝóôå ôï
	    <command>sysinstall</command>
	    (<command>/stand/sysinstall</command> óå åêäüóåéò ôïõ &os;
	    ðñéí ôçí 5.2) üðùò öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysinstall</userinput></screen>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÅðéëÝîôå ôï <guimenuitem>Configure</guimenuitem>,
	    êáé ðéÝóôå <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÅðéëÝîôå ôï <guimenuitem>Distributions</guimenuitem>, êáé
	    ðéÝóôå <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Ìåôáêéíçèåßôå óôï <guimenuitem>ports</guimenuitem>, êáé ðéÝóôå
	    <keycap>Space</keycap>.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Ìåôáêéíçèåßôå óôï <guimenuitem>Exit</guimenuitem>, êáé ðéÝóôå
	    <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÅðéëÝîôå ôï ìÝóï åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôçò åðéèõìßáò óáò, üðùò CDROM,
	    FTP, êáé ðÜåé ëÝãïíôáò.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Ìåôáêéíçèåßôå óôï <guimenuitem>Exit</guimenuitem> êáé ðéÝóôå
	    <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÐéÝóôå <keycap>X</keycap> ãéá íá âãåßôå áðü ôï
	    <application>sysinstall</application>.</para>
	</step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ports-skeleton">
      <title>Åãêáèéóôþíôáò Ports</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ports</primary>
	<secondary>installing</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Ôï ðñþôï ðñÜãìá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá äéåõêñéíéóôåß ó÷åôéêÜ
	ìå ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports åßíáé ç Ýííïéá ôïõ üñïõ
	<quote>skeleton (óêåëåôüò)</quote>.  Ìå ëßãá ëüãéá, Ýíá port skeleton
	åßíáé ç åëÜ÷éóôç óõëëïãÞ áñ÷åßùí ðïõ êáèïäçãïýí Ýíá óýóôçìá &os; þóôå
	íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåé êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåé óùóôÜ Ýíá ðñüãñáììá.  ÊÜèå port
	skeleton ðåñéÝ÷åé:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>¸íá <filename>Makefile</filename>.  Ôï
	    <filename>Makefile</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé äéÜöïñåò äçëþóåéò
	    ðïõ ïñßæïõí ðùò ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß ç åöáñìïãÞ êáé ðïõ
	    ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôáèåß óôï óýóôçìÜ óáò.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>¸íá áñ÷åßï <filename>distinfo</filename>.  Áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï
	    ðåñéÝ÷åé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá
	    <quote>êáôÝâïõí</quote> ãéá ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ port, êáé ôá
	    checksums ôïõò (÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò &man.md5.1; êáé
	    &man.sha256.1;), ãéá íá åðéâåâáéùèåß üôé ôá áñ÷åßá äåí Ý÷ïõí
	    áëëïéùèåß êáôÜ ôçí äéÜñêåéá ôçò ìåôáöïñÜò ôïõò.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>¸íáí êáôÜëïãï <filename>files</filename>.  Áõôüò ï
	    êáôÜëïãïò ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá patches ðïõ åðéôñÝðïõí óôï ðñüãñáììá íá
	    ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß êáé åãêáôáóôáèåß óôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò.  Ôá patches
	    åßíáé ìéêñÜ áñ÷åßá ðïõ ïñßæïõí áëëáãÝò óå óõãêåêñéìÝíá áñ÷åßá.
	    Åßíáé óå ìïñöÞ êïéíïý êåéìÝíïõ, êáé âáóéêÜ ëÝíå
	    <quote>Áöáßñåóå ôçí ãñáììÞ 10</quote> Þ
	    <quote>ÌåôÝôñåøå ôç ãñáììÞ 26 óå áõôü ...</quote>.  Ôá patches
	    åßíáé åðßóçò ãíùóôÜ ùò <quote>diffs</quote> åðåéäÞ äçìéïõñãïýíôáé
	    ìå ôï ðñüãñáììá &man.diff.1;.</para>

	  <para>Áõôüò ï êáôÜëïãïò ìðïñåß íá ðåñéÝ÷åé êáé Üëëá áñ÷åßá ðïõ
	    ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ãéá íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß ôï port.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>¸íá áñ÷åßï <filename>pkg-descr</filename>.  Áõôü åßíáé ìßá ðéï
	    ëåðôïìåñÞò, óõ÷íÜ ðïëëþí ãñáììþí, ðåñéãñáöÞ ôïõ
	    ðñïãñÜììáôïò.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>¸íá áñ÷åßï <filename>pkg-plist</filename>.  Áõôü ðåñéÝ÷åé ìéá
	    ëßóôá üëùí ôùí áñ÷åßùí ðïõ èá åãêáôáóôáèïýí áðü ôï port.
	    Åðßóçò êáèïäçãåß ôï óýóôçìá ôùí ports ôé áñ÷åßá íá áöáéñÝóåé
	    êáôÜ ôçí áðåãêáôÜóôáóç.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>ÌåñéêÜ ports Ý÷ïõí êáé Üëëá áñ÷åßá, üðùò ôï
	<filename>pkg-message</filename>.  Ôï óýóôçìá ôùí ports ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß
	áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá ãéá íá ÷åéñéóôåß åéäéêÝò ðåñéóôÜóåéò.  Áí èÝëåôå
	ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ãéá áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá, êáé ôá ports
	ãåíéêüôåñá, äåßôå ôï <ulink
	  url="&url.books.porters-handbook;/index.html">&os; Porter's
	  Handbook</ulink>.</para>

      <para>Ôï port ðåñéÝ÷åé ïäçãßåò ãéá ôï ðùò íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß ï ðçãáßïò
	êþäéêáò, áëëÜ äåí ðåñéÝ÷åé ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá.  Ìðïñåßôå íá
	ðñïìçèåõôåßôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá áðü Ýíá CD-ROM Þ áðü ôï Äéáäßêôõï.
	Ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò äéáíÝìåôáé ìå ïðïéïäÞðïôå ôñüðï åðéèõìåß ï
	äçìéïõñãüò ôïõ.  Óõ÷íÜ åßíáé Ýíá tarred êáé gzipped áñ÷åßï,
	áëëÜ ìðïñåß íá åßíáé óõìðéåóìÝíïò ìå êÜðïéï Üëëï åñãáëåßï Þ íá åßíáé
	áêüìá êáé áóõìðßåóôïò.  Ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò, óå
	ïðïéáäÞðïôå ìïñöÞ êé áí äéáôßèåôáé, ëÝãåôáé <quote>distfile</quote>.
	Ïé äýï ìÝèïäïé ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá &os; port ðåñéãñÜöïíôáé
	ðáñáêÜôù.</para>

      <note>
	<para>ÐñÝðåé íá óõíäåèåßôå ùò <username>root</username> ãéá íá
	  åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ports.</para>
      </note>

      <warning>
	<para>Ðñéí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ïðïéáäÞðïôå port, ðñÝðåé íá óéãïõñåõôåßôå
	  üôé Ý÷åôå ìßá áíáíåùìÝíç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, êáé ðñÝðåé íá åëÝãîåôå
	  ôï <ulink url="http://vuxml.freebsd.org/"></ulink> ãéá èÝìáôá
	  áóöáëåßáò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï port ðïõ åíäéáöÝñåóôå.</para>

	<para>Áí èÝëåôå íá åëÝã÷åôå áõôüìáôá ãéá ôõ÷üí ðñïâëÞìáôá áóöáëåßáò
	  ðñéí áðü êÜèå åãêáôÜóôáóç íÝáò åöáñìïãÞò, ìðïñåßôå íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï <application>portaudit</application>.
	  Èá âñåßôå áõôü ôï åñãáëåßï óôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports
	  (<filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portaudit</filename>).  Åßíáé
	  êáëÞ éäÝá íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï <command>portaudit -F</command> ðñéí
	  åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá íÝï port, ãéá íá áíáêôÞóåôå ôçí ôñÝ÷ïõóá âÜóç
	  äåäïìÝíùí ðñïâëçìÜôùí áóöáëåßáò.  Áíôßóôïé÷ïò Ýëåã÷ïò êáé áíáíÝùóç
	  ôçò âÜóçò äåäïìÝíùí åêôåëåßôáé åðßóçò áõôüìáôá êáôÜ ôïí êáèçìåñéíü
	  Ýëåã÷ï áóöáëåßáò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
	  ðëçñïöïñßåò äéáâÜóôå ôéò óåëßäåò manual &man.portaudit.1; êáé
	  &man.periodic.8;.</para>
      </warning>

      <para>Ç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports ðñïûðïèÝôåé üôé Ý÷åôå ëåéôïõñãéêÞ óýíäåóç ìå
	ôï Äéáäßêôõï.  ÅÜí äåí Ý÷åôå, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá âÜëåôå ìüíïò óáò Ýíá
	áíôßãñáöï ôïõ distfile ìÝóá óôï
	<filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>.</para>

      <para>Áñ÷éêÜ, ìåôáêéíçèåßôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï ôïõ port ðïõ èÝëåôå íá
	åãêáôáóôÞóåôå:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ìüëéò âñåèåßôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>lsof</filename>, èá
	äåßôå ôïí port skeleton.  Ôï åðüìåíï âÞìá åßíáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå,
	Þ íá <quote>êôßóåôå (build)</quote>, ôï port.  Áõôü ãßíåôáé áðëÜ
	ðëçêôñïëïãþíôáò <command>make</command> óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí.  ¼ôáí ôï
	êÜíåôå, èá äåßôå êÜôé üðùò áõôü:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make</userinput>
&gt;&gt; lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
&gt;&gt; Attempting to fetch from ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/.
===&gt;  Extracting for lsof-4.57
...
[extraction output snipped]
...
&gt;&gt; Checksum OK for lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz.
===&gt;  Patching for lsof-4.57
===&gt;  Applying FreeBSD patches for lsof-4.57
===&gt;  Configuring for lsof-4.57
...
[configure output snipped]
...
===&gt;  Building for lsof-4.57
...
[compilation output snipped]
...
&prompt.root;</screen>

      <para>ÐñïóÝîôå üôé ìüëéò ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ïëïêëçñùèåß èá åðéóôñÝøåôå
	óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí.  Ôï åðüìåíï âÞìá åßíáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï
	port.  Ãéá íá ôï åãêáôáóôÞóåôå, ÷ñåéÜæåôáé áðëþò íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ìéá
	ëÝîç óôçí åíôïëÞ <command>make</command>, êáé áõôÞ ç ëÝîç åßíáé
	<maketarget>install</maketarget>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
===&gt;  Installing for lsof-4.57
...
[installation output snipped]
...
===&gt;   Generating temporary packing list
===&gt;   Compressing manual pages for lsof-4.57
===&gt;   Registering installation for lsof-4.57
===&gt;  SECURITY NOTE:
      This port has installed the following binaries which execute with
      increased privileges.
&prompt.root;</screen>

      <para>Ìüëéò åðéóôñÝøåôå óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí, èá ðñÝðåé íá ìðïñåßôå
	íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí åöáñìïãÞ ðïõ ìüëéò åãêáôáóôÞóáôå.  Èá äåßôå ìéá
	ðñïåéäïðïßçóç áóöáëåßáò, åðåéäÞ ôï <command>lsof</command> åßíáé Ýíá
	ðñüãñáììá ðïõ ôñÝ÷åé ìå áõîçìÝíá ðñïíüìéá.  ÊáôÜ ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç
	êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí ports, èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóÝ÷åôå ïðïéáäÞðïôå
	ðñïåéäïðïßçóç åìöáíéóôåß.</para>

      <para>Ìéá êáëÞ éäÝá, åßíáé íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôïí õðïêáôÜëïãï
	ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé üëá ôá ðñïóùñéíÜ áñ÷åßá ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞèçêáí êáôÜ ôçí
	ìåôáãëþôôéóç.  ¼÷é ìüíï êáôáíáëþíïõí ðïëýôéìï ÷þñï, Üëëá ìðïñåß íá
	ðñïêáëÝóïõí ðñïâëÞìáôá áñãüôåñá üôáí èá èåëÞóåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ìéá
	íåüôåñç Ýêäïóç ôïõ port.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput>
===&gt;  Cleaning for lsof-4.57
&prompt.root;</screen>

      <note>
	<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ãëéôþóåôå äýï ðñüóèåôá âÞìáôá áðëþò åêôåëþíôáò
	  <command>make <maketarget>install clean</maketarget></command> áíôß
	  ãéá <command>make</command>,
	  <command>make <maketarget>install</maketarget></command> êáé
	  <command>make <maketarget>clean</maketarget></command>
	  ùò ôñßá îå÷ùñéóôÜ âÞìáôá.</para>
      </note>

      <note>
	<para>ÌåñéêÜ êåëýöç êñáôÜíå ìéá ëßóôá áðü ôéò åíôïëÝò ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé
	  äéáèÝóéìåò óôïõò êáôáëüãïõò ðïõ áíáöÝñïíôáé óôçí ìåôáâëçôÞ
	  ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò <envar>PATH</envar>, ãéá íá åðéôá÷ýíïõí ôéò
	  áíáæçôÞóåéò ãéá ôá åêôåëÝóéìá áñ÷åßá áõôþí ôùí åíôïëþí.
	  Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå Ýíá áðü áõôÜ ôá êåëýöç, èá ðñÝðåé
	  íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>rehash</command> ìåôÜ
	  ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç åíüò port, ðñéí ìðïñÝóåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôéò
	  íÝåò åíôïëÝò.  ÁõôÞ ç åíôïëÞ ëåéôïõñãåß óå êåëýöç üðùò ôï
	  <command>tcsh</command>.  ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	  <command>hash -r</command> ãéá êåëýöç üðùò ôï
	  <command>sh</command>.  Äåßôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ êåëýöïõò óáò ãéá
	  ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.</para>
      </note>

      <para>ÌåñéêÜ ðñïúüíôá ôñßôùí êáôáóêåõáóôþí óå DVD-ROM, üðùò ôï &os;
	Toolkit áðü ôï <ulink
	  url="http://www.freebsdmall.com/">&os; Mall</ulink>, ðåñéÝ÷ïõí
	distfiles.  ÁõôÜ ìðïñïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí ìå ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports.
	ÐñïóáñôÞóôå ôï DVD-ROM óôï <filename>/cdrom</filename>.  Áí
	÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéï äéáöïñåôéêü óçìåßï ðñïóÜñôçóçò, ñõèìßóôå ôçí
	ìåôáâëçôÞ <makevar>CD_MOUNTPTS</makevar> ôïõ make.  Ôá áíáãêáßá
	distfiles èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí áõôüìáôá áí õðÜñ÷ïõí óôï äéóêÜêé.</para>

      <note>
	<para>ÐñÝðåé íá ãíùñßæåôå üôé ïé Üäåéåò ìåñéêþí ports äåí åðéôñÝðïõí
	  ôçí äéáíïìÞ ôïõò óå CD-ROM.  Áõôü ìðïñåß íá ïöåßëåôáé ð.÷. óôï üôé
	  ðñÝðåé íá óõìðëçñþóåôå ìéá öüñìá åããñáöÞò ðñéí
	  <quote>êáôåâÜóåôå</quote> ôçí åöáñìïãÞ, Þ óôï üôé äåí åðéôñÝðåôáé ç
	  åðáíáäéáíïìÞ, Þ óå êÜðïéï Üëëï ëüãï.  ÅÜí èÝëåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå
	  Ýíá port ðïõ äåí ðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé óôï CD-ROM, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åßóôå
	  óõíäåäåìÝíïò óôï Äéáäßêôõï ãéá íá ôï åðéôý÷åôå.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ôï óýóôçìá ôùí ports ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï &man.fetch.3; ãéá íá
	<quote>êáôåâÜóåé</quote> ôá áñ÷åßá.  Ôï &man.fetch.3;
	÷ñçóéìïðïéåß äéÜöïñåò ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò, ðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíùí ôùí
	<envar>FTP_PASSIVE_MODE</envar>, <envar>FTP_PROXY</envar>, êáé
	<envar>FTP_PASSWORD</envar>.  ºóùò ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ñõèìßóåôå ìßá Þ
	ðåñéóóüôåñåò áí âñßóêåóôå ðßóù áðü Ýíá firewall, Þ ßóùò íá ÷ñåéáóôåß
	íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíáí FTP/HTTP proxy.  Äåßôå ôï &man.fetch.3; ãéá
	ìéá ðëÞñç ëßóôá ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí áõôþí.</para>

      <para>Ãéá ÷ñÞóôåò ðïõ äåí ìðïñïýí íá åßíáé óõíäåäåìÝíïé üëç ôçí þñá,
	äéáôßèåôáé ç åðéëïãÞ
	<command>make <maketarget>fetch</maketarget></command>.
	Áðëþò åêôåëÝóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	(<filename>/usr/ports</filename>) êáé ôá áðáñáßôçôá áñ÷åßá
	èá <quote>êáôÝâïõí</quote> ãéá åóÜò.  Ç åíôïëÞ áõôÞ èá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé
	êáé óå õðïêáôáëüãïõò, üðùò ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:
	<filename>/usr/ports/net</filename>.  ÐñïóÝîôå üôé áí Ýíá port
	åîáñôÜôáé áðü âéâëéïèÞêåò Þ Üëëá ports, ç åíôïëÞ áõôÞ
	<emphasis>äåí</emphasis> èá áíáêôÞóåé ôá distfiles ôïõò.
	ÁíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôï <maketarget>fetch</maketarget> ìå ôï
	<maketarget>fetch-recursive</maketarget>
	áí èÝëåôå ìáæß ìå ôï port íá áíáêôÞóåôå êáé üëåò ôéò
	åîáñôÞóåéò ôïõ.</para>

      <note>
	<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå üëá ôá ports óå ìßá êáôçãïñßá Þ
	  áêüìá êáé óå üëåò, åêôåëþíôáò ôï <command>make</command> óôïí áñ÷éêü
	  êáôÜëïãï, üðùò ìå ôçí ðñïáíáöåñèåßóá
	  <command>make <maketarget>fetch</maketarget></command> ìÝèïäï.
	  Áõôü üìùò åßíáé åðéêßíäõíï, ãéáôß ìåñéêÜ ports äåí ìðïñïýí íá
	  óõíõðÜñ÷ïõí.  Óå Üëëåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ìåñéêÜ ports ìðïñåß íá
	  åãêáôáóôÞóïõí äõï äéáöïñåôéêÜ áñ÷åßá ìå ôï ìå ôï ßäéï
	  üíïìá.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Óå ìåñéêÝò óðÜíéåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé
	íá áíáêôÞóïõí ôá tarballs áðü Ýíá site äéáöïñåôéêü áðü ôá
	<makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar> (ç ôïðïèåóßá áðü üðïõ
	<quote>êáôåâáßíïõí</quote> ôá áñ÷åßá).  Ìðïñåßôå íá áëëÜîåôå ôçí
	åðéëïãÞ <makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar> ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç
	åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/<replaceable>directory</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE= \
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/ fetch</userinput></screen>

      <para>Óå áõôü ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá áëëÜîáìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	<makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar> óå <hostid
	  role="fqdn">ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/</hostid>.</para>

      <note>
	<para>ÌåñéêÜ ports åðéôñÝðïõí (Þ áðáéôïýí) íá äþóåôå åðéëïãÝò
	  ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá åíåñãïðïéÞóïõí/áðåíåñãïðïéÞóïõí
	  ôìÞìáôá ôçò åöáñìïãÞò ðïõ åßíáé á÷ñåßáóôá, óõãêåêñéìÝíåò åðéëïãÝò
	  áóöáëåßáò, êáé Üëëåò ôñïðïðïéÞóåéò.  ÊïéíÜ ðáñáäåßãìáôá ôÝôïéùí
	  ports åßíáé ôá <filename role="package">www/mozilla</filename>,
	  <filename role="package">security/gpgme</filename>, êáé ôï
	  <filename role="package">mail/sylpheed-claws</filename>.  ¼ôáí
	  õðÜñ÷ïõí äéáèÝóéìåò ôÝôïéåò åðéëïãÝò, èá åìöáíéóôåß óôçí ïèüíç
	  óáò ó÷åôéêü ìÞíõìá.</para>
      </note>

      <sect3>
	<title>ÐáñáêÜìðôïíôáò ôïõò ÐñïåðéëåãìÝíïõò Êáôáëüãïõò ôùí
	  Ports</title>

	<para>ÌåñéêÝò öïñÝò åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìï (Þ åðéôáêôéêü) íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
	  Ýíá äéáöïñåôéêü êáôÜëïãï åñãáóßáò êáé åãêáôÜóôáóçò.  Ïé ìåôáâëçôÝò
	  <makevar>WRKDIRPREFIX</makevar> êáé <makevar>PREFIX</makevar>
	  ìðïñïýí íá ðáñáêÜìøïõí ôïõò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïõò êáôáëüãïõò.  Ãéá
	  ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç åíôïëÞ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make WRKDIRPREFIX=/usr/home/example/ports install</userinput></screen>

	<para>èá ìåôáãëùôôßóåé ôï port óôï
	  <filename>/usr/home/example/ports</filename> êáé èá åãêáôáóôÞóåé
	  ôá ðÜíôá óôï <filename>/usr/local</filename>, åíþ ç åíôïëÞ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make PREFIX=/usr/home/example/local install</userinput></screen>

	<para>èá ìåôáãëùôôßóåé ôï port óôï <filename>/usr/ports</filename> êáé
	  èá ôï åãêáôáóôÞóåé óôï
	  <filename>/usr/home/example/local</filename>.</para>

	<para>Êáé öõóéêÜ ç åíôïëÞ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make WRKDIRPREFIX=../ports PREFIX=../local install</userinput></screen>

	<para>èá óõíäõÜóåé êáé ôá äõï (åßíáé ðïëý ìåãÜëç ãéá íá ôçí äåßîïõìå
	  åäþ, Üëëá ðñÝðåé íá ðÞñáôå ôçí ãåíéêÞ éäÝá).</para>

	<para>ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, áõôÝò ïé ìåôáâëçôÝò ìðïñïýí íá ñõèìéóôïýí ùò ìÝñïò
	  ôïõ ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò óáò.  ÄéáâÜóôå ôçí óåëßäá manual ãéá ôï êÝëõöïò
	  óáò, ãéá íá âñåßôå ôéò ó÷åôéêÝò ïäçãßåò.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Áíôéìåôùðßæïíôáò ôï <command>imake</command></title>

	<para>ÌåñéêÜ ports ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôï <command>imake</command>
	  (ìÝñïò ôïõ X Window System) äåí óõíåñãÜæïíôáé óùóôÜ ìå ôï
	  <makevar>PREFIX</makevar>, êáé åðéìÝíïõí íá åãêáôáóôáèïýí
	  óôï <filename>/usr/X11R6</filename>.  ¼ìïéá, ìåñéêÜ Perl
	  ports áãíïïýí ôï <makevar>PREFIX</makevar> êáé åãêáèßóôáíôáé óôï
	  äÝíôñï Perl.  Ôï íá êÜíåôå áõôÜ ôá ports íá óÝâïíôáé ôï
	  <makevar>PREFIX</makevar> åßíáé ìßá äýóêïëç Þ áäýíáôç
	  äïõëåéÜ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Åðáíáñýèìéóç Åðéëïãþí Ports</title>

	<para>¼ôáí ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå êÜðïéá ports, ìðïñåß íá åìöáíéóôåß óôçí
	  ïèüíç óáò Ýíá ìåíïý åðéëïãþí (âáóéóìÝíï óå ncurses) ôï ïðïßï íá óáò
	  åðéôñÝðåé íá áëëÜîåôå äéÜöïñåò åðéëïãÝò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.  Äåí åßíáé
	  óðÜíéï êÜðïéïé ÷ñÞóôåò íá èÝëïõí íá åðéóêåöôïýí îáíÜ áõôü ôï ìåíïý,
	  ãéá íá ðñïóèÝóïõí, íá áöáéñÝóïõí Þ íá áëëÜîïõí êÜðïéåò åðéëïãÝò,
	  ìåôÜ ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ port.  Ìéá åðéëïãÞ åßíáé íá ìåôáêéíçèåßôå
	  óôïí êáôÜëïãï ôïõ port êáé íá ãñÜøåôå
	  <command>make <maketarget>config</maketarget></command>, ìå ôï
	  ïðïßï èá åìöáíéóôåß îáíÜ ôï ìåíïý ìå ôéò ðñïçãïýìåíåò ñõèìßóåéò óáò
	  Þäç åðéëåãìÝíåò.  Ìéá Üëëç äõíáôüôçôá, åßíáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí
	  åíôïëÞ <command>make <maketarget>showconfig</maketarget></command>,
	  ìå ôçí ïðïßá èá äåßôå üëåò ôéò åðéëåãìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ port.
	  ÔÝëïò, ìéá áêüìá åðéëïãÞ åßíáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	  <command>make <maketarget>rmconfig</maketarget></command> ç ïðïßá
	  èá áöáéñÝóåé üëåò ôéò áðïèçêåõìÝíåò åðéëïãÝò êáé èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá
	  îåêéíÞóåôå îáíÜ áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ.  ¼ëåò áõôÝò ïé åðéëïãÝò, êáé áêüìá
	  ðåñéóóüôåñåò, åîçãïýíôáé óôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.ports.7;.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ports-removing">
      <title>Áöáéñþíôáò ÅãêáôåóôçìÝíá Ports</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ports</primary>
	<secondary>removing</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Ôþñá ðïõ ãíùñßóáôå ðùò íá åãêáèéóôÜôå ports, ðéèáíþò èá
	áíáñùôéÝóôå ðùò áöáéñïýíôáé, óôçí ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ åãêáôáóôÞóáôå Ýíá
	êáé áñãüôåñá áðïöáóßóáôå üôé åãêáôáóôÞóáôå ôï ëÜèïò port.
	Èá áöáéñÝóïõìå ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï ðáñÜäåéãìá (ðïõ Þôáí ôï
	<command>lsof</command> ãéá üóïõò äåí ôï ðñüóåîáí).  Ôá ports
	áöáéñïýíôáé üðùò êáé ôá ðáêÝôá (ôï áíáëýóáìå óôçí åíüôçôá <link
	  linkend="packages-using">×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï Óýóôçìá ôùí
	  ÐáêÝôùí</link>), ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí
	åíôïëÞ &man.pkg.delete.1;:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete lsof-4.57</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ports-upgrading">
      <title>Áíáâáèìßæïíôáò ôá Ports</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ports</primary>
	<secondary>upgrading</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Áñ÷éêÜ, äåßôå ôá ðáñù÷çìÝíá ports ãéá ôá ïðïßá õðÜñ÷ïõí
	äéáèÝóéìåò íåüôåñåò åêäüóåéò óôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	&man.pkg.version.1;:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_version -v</userinput></screen>

      <sect3 id="ports-file-updating">
	<title><filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename></title>

	<para>Ìüëéò áíáíåþóåôå ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, ðñÝðåé íá åëÝãîåôå ôï
	  áñ÷åßï <filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename>, ðñéí åðé÷åéñÞóåôå
	  ôçí áíáâÜèìéóç åíüò port.  Áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï ðåñéãñÜöåé äéÜöïñá ðéèáíÜ
	  ðñïâëÞìáôá, êáèþò êáé åíäå÷üìåíá ðñüóèåôá âÞìáôá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá
	  åêôåëÝóåôå üôáí áíáíåþíåôå Ýíá port.  Ðáñáäåßãìáôá ôùí ðáñáðÜíù,
	  åßíáé ç áëëáãÞ ìïñöÞò êÜðïéùí áñ÷åßùí, áëëáãÞ óôçí ôïðïèåóßá
	  ôùí áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí, Þ Üëëåò áóõìâáôüôçôåò
	  ìå ðáëáéüôåñåò åêäüóåéò.</para>

	<para>Áí ôï <filename>UPDATING</filename> áíáéñåß êÜôé ðïõ äéáâÜóáôå
	  åäþ, èåùñÞóôå üôé éó÷ýåé ôï <filename>UPDATING</filename>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="portupgrade">
	<title>Áíáâáèìßæïíôáò Ports ìå ôï Portupgrade</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>portupgrade</primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>Ôï åñãáëåßï <application>portupgrade</application> åßíáé
	  ó÷åäéáóìÝíï ãéá íá áíáâáèìßæåé åýêïëá åãêáôåóôçìÝíá ports.
	  Äéáôßèåôáé áðü ôï
	  <filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portupgrade</filename> port.
	  ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï üðùò êÜèå port, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ
	  <command>make <maketarget>install clean</maketarget></command>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portupgrade</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ç åíôïëÞ <command>pkgdb -F</command> èá äéáâÜóåé êáé èá
	  äéïñèþóåé üëåò ôéò áóõíÝðåéåò ðïõ ßóùò õðÜñ÷ïõí óôç ëßóôá ôùí
	  åãêáôåóôçìÝíùí ports.  Åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá åßíáé íá ôçí åêôåëåßôå
	  óõ÷íÜ, åíäå÷ïìÝíùò ðñéí áðü êÜèå áíáâÜèìéóç.</para>

	<para>¼ôáí åêôåëåßôå ôï <command>portupgrade -a</command>, ôï
	  <application>portupgrade</application> èá áñ÷ßóåé íá áíáâáèìßæåé
	  üëá ôá ðáñù÷çìÝíá ports ðïõ åßíáé åãêáôåóôçìÝíá óôï óýóôçìá óáò.
	  ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-i</option> áí èÝëåôå íá óáò
	  ñùôÜ ãéá åðéâåâáßùóç ãéá êÜèå îå÷ùñéóôÞ áíáâÜèìéóç.</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -ai</userinput></screen>

	<para>Áí èÝëåôå íá áíáâáèìßóåôå ìüíï ìßá óõãêåêñéìÝíç åöáñìïãÞ, êáé
	  ü÷é üëá ôá äéáèÝóéìá ports, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï
	  <command>portupgrade <replaceable>pkgname</replaceable></command>.
	  ÓõìðåñéëÜâåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-R</option> áí ôï
	  <application>portupgrade</application> ðñÝðåé ðñþôá íá áíáâáèìßóåé
	  üëá ôá ports ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé ãéá ôçí óõãêåêñéìÝíç åöáñìïãÞ.</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -R firefox</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ðáêÝôá áíôß ãéá ports óôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç,
	  äþóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-P</option>.  Ìå áõôÞ ôçí åðéëïãÞ ôï
	  <application>portupgrade</application> áíáæçôÜ
	  ôïõò ôïðéêïýò êáôáëüãïõò ðïõ ïñßæïíôáé óôï <envar>PKG_PATH</envar>,
	  Þ áíáêôÜ ôá ðáêÝôá áðü áðïìáêñõóìÝíá sites åÜí äåí âñåèïýí ôïðéêÜ.
	  Áí ôá ðáêÝôá äåí ìðïñïýí íá áíáêôçèïýí ìå ôïõò ðáñáðÜíù ôñüðïõò, ôï
	  <application>portupgrade</application> èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ôá ports.
	  Ãéá íá áðïöýãåôå åíôåëþò ôçí ÷ñÞóç ôùí ports, êáèïñßóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	  <option>-PP</option>.</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -PR gnome2</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ãéá íá áíáêôÞóåôå áðëþò ôá distfiles (Þ ôá ðáêÝôá, áí Ý÷åôå
	  ïñßóåé ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-P</option>) ÷ùñßò íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå Þ íá
	  åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôßðïôá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï <option>-F</option>.
	  Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, äåßôå ôï &man.portupgrade.1;.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="portmanager">
	<title>Áíáâáèìßæïíôáò Ports ìå ôï Portmanager</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>portmanager</primary>
	</indexterm>
	<para>Ôï <application>Portmanager</application> åßíáé Ýíá áêüìá
	  åñãáëåßï ãéá åýêïëç áíáâÜèìéóç åãêáôåóôçìÝíùí ports.  Äéáôßèåôáé
	  áðü ôï <filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portmanager</filename>
	  port:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd <filename class="directory">/usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmanager</filename></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>

	<para>¼ëá ôá åãêáôåóôçìÝíá ports ìðïñïýí íá áíáâáèìéóôïýí
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò áõôÞ ôçí áðëÞ åíôïëÞ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portmanager -u</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-ui</option> ãéá íá
	  åñùôçèåßôå íá åðéâåâáéþóåôå êÜèå âÞìá ðïõ èá åêôåëÝóåé ôï
	  <application>Portmanager</application>.
	  Ôï <application>Portmanager</application> ìðïñåß åðßóçò
	  íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå íÝá ports óôï óýóôçìá.
	  Óå áíôßèåóç ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	  <command>make <maketarget>install clean</maketarget></command>, ôï
	  <application>Portmanager</application> èá áíáâáèìßóåé üëåò
	  ôéò åîáñôÞóåéò ðñéí ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
	  åðéëåãìÝíïõ port.</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portmanager <replaceable>x11/gnome2</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>Áí õðÜñ÷ïõí ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôéò åîáñôÞóåéò åíüò
	  åðéëåãìÝíïõ port, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
	  <application>Portmanager</application> ãéá íá ôéò
	  åðáíá-ìåôáãëùôôßóåé üëåò ìå ôçí óùóôÞ óåéñÜ.  Ìüëéò ôåëåéþóåé ìå
	  ôéò åîáñôÞóåéò, èá åðáíá-ìåôáãëùôôßóåé êáé ôï ðñïâëçìáôéêü
	  port.</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portmanager <replaceable>graphics/gimp</replaceable> -f</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual
	  &man.portmanager.1;.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="portmaster">
	<title>Áíáâáèìßæïíôáò ôá Ports ìÝóù ôïõ Portmaster</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>portmaster</primary>
	</indexterm>
	<para>Ôï <application>Portmaster</application> åßíáé Ýíá áêüìá
	  åñãáëåßï ãéá ôçí áíáâÜèìéóç ôùí åãêáôåóôçìÝíùí ports.  Ôï
	  <application>Portmaster</application> ó÷åäéÜóôçêå þóôå íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôá åñãáëåßá ðïõ ðáñÝ÷åé ôï <quote>âáóéêü</quote>
	  óýóôçìá (äåí åîáñôÜôáé áðü Üëëá ports) êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôéò
	  ðëçñïöïñßåò ôïõ <filename class="directory">/var/db/pkg</filename>
	  ãéá íá êáèïñßóåé ðïéá ports èá áíáâáèìßóåé.  Åßíáé äéáèÝóéìï ìÝóù
	  ôïõ port
	  <filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portmaster</filename>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd <filename class="directory">/usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster</filename></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ôï <application>Portmaster</application> ïìáäïðïéåß ôá ports
	  óå ôÝóóåñéò êáôçãïñßåò:</para>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>Root ports (äåí åîáñôþíôáé áðü Üëëá, êáé ïýôå Üëëá
	      åîáñôþíôáé áðü áõôÜ)</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Trunk ports (äåí åîáñôþíôáé áðü Üëëá, ùóôüóï êÜðïéá ðáêÝôá
	      åîáñôþíôáé áðü áõôÜ)</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Branch ports (Ý÷ïõí åîáñôÞóåéò êáé ðñïò ôéò äýï
	      êáôåõèýíóåéò)</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Leaf ports (åîáñôþíôáé áðü Üëëá, áëëÜ ü÷é ôï
	      áíôßèåôï)</para>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>

	<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå ìéá ëßóôá üëùí ôùí åãêáôåóôçìÝíùí ports êáé
	  íá øÜîåôå ãéá åíçìåñùìÝíåò åêäüóåéò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	  <option>-L</option>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portmaster -L</userinput>
===>>> Root ports (No dependencies, not depended on)
===>>> ispell-3.2.06_18
===>>> screen-4.0.3
        ===>>> New version available: screen-4.0.3_1
===>>> tcpflow-0.21_1
===>>> 7 root ports
...
===>>> Branch ports (Have dependencies, are depended on)
===>>> apache-2.2.3
        ===>>> New version available: apache-2.2.8
...
===>>> Leaf ports (Have dependencies, not depended on)
===>>> automake-1.9.6_2
===>>> bash-3.1.17
        ===>>> New version available: bash-3.2.33
...
===>>> 32 leaf ports

===>>> 137 total installed ports
        ===>>> 83 have new versions available</screen>

	<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá áíáâáèìßóåôå üëá ôá åãêáôåóôçìÝíá ports ìå ôçí
	  ðáñáêÜôù áðëÞ åíôïëÞ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portmaster -a</userinput></screen>

	<note><para>Áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ, ôï <application>Portmaster</application>
	  èá äçìéïõñãÞóåé áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò ôïõ åãêáôåóôçìÝíïõ ðáêÝôïõ
	  ðñéí ôï äéáãñÜøåé.  Áí ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò íÝáò Ýêäïóçò åßíáé
	  åðéôõ÷Þò, ôï <application>Portmaster</application> èá óâÞóåé ôï
	  áíôßãñáöï áõôü.  Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	  <option>-b</option>, ôï <application>Portmaster</application> äåí
	  èá óâÞóåé áõôüìáôá ôï áíôßãñáöï.  Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	  <option>-i</option>, èá èÝóåôå ôï
	  <application>Portmaster</application> óå äéáäñáóôéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá,
	  üðïõ èá óáò æçôÜåé åðéâåâáßùóç ðñéí ôçí áíáâÜèìéóç êÜèå
	  port.</para></note>

	<para>Áí áíôéìåôùðßóåôå ëÜèç êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò,
	  ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-f</option> ãéá
	  íá áíáâáèìßóåôå êáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå îáíÜ üëá ôá ports:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portmaster -af</userinput></screen>

	<para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
	  <application>Portmaster</application> ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå íÝá
	  ports óôï óýóôçìá óáò, áíáâáèìßæïíôáò êáé üëåò ôéò åîáñôÞóåéò ôïõò
	  ðñéí ôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõò:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portmaster <replaceable>shells/bash</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>Ðáñáêáëïýìå äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.portmaster.8; ãéá
	  ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ports-disk-space">
      <title>Ports êáé Áðïèçêåõôéêüò ×þñïò</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ports</primary>
	<secondary>disk-space</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Ç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports êáôáíáëþíåé äéáèÝóéìï ÷þñï óôï äßóêï ìå ôçí
	ðÜñïäï ôïõ ÷ñüíïõ.  ÌåôÜ ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç ëïãéóìéêïý
	áðü ôá ports, ðñÝðåé ðÜíôá íá èõìÜóôå íá êáèáñßæåôå ôïõò ðñïóùñéíïýò
	êáôáëüãïõò <filename class="directory">work</filename>
	÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ
	<command>make <maketarget>clean</maketarget></command>.  Mðïñåßôå íá
	êáèáñßóåôå üëç ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsclean -C</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ìå ôçí ðÜñïäï ôïõ ÷ñüíïõ, èá óõóóùñåõôïýí ðïëëÜ áñ÷åßá äéáíïìÞò
	ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename class="directory">distfiles</filename>.
	Ìðïñåßôå íá ôá áöáéñÝóåôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá, Þ ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
	ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ ãéá íá äéáãñÜøåôå üëá ôá distfiles ðïõ äåí
	ó÷åôßæïíôáé ðëÝïí ìå êáíÝíá port:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsclean -D</userinput></screen>

      <para>¹ ãéá íá áöáéñÝóåôå üëá ôá distfiles ðïõ äåí ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå
	êáíÝíá port ðïõ âñßóêåôáé åãêáôåóôçìÝíï óôï óýóôçìá óáò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsclean -DD</userinput></screen>

      <note>
	<para>Ôï åñãáëåßï <command>portsclean</command> åãêáèßóôáôáé ùò ìÝñïò
	  ôïõ <application>portupgrade</application>.</para>
      </note>

      <para>Ìçí îå÷íÜôå íá áöáéñåßôå ôá åãêáôåóôçìÝíá ports üôáí äåí ôá
	÷ñåéÜæåóôå ðëÝïí.  ¸íá êáëü åñãáëåßï ãéá íá áõôïìáôïðïéçèåß áõôÞ ç
	åñãáóßá, åßíáé ôï port
	<filename role="package">ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves</filename>.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ports-nextsteps">
    <title>ÅíÝñãåéåò ìåôÜ ôçí ÅãêáôÜóôáóç</title>

    <para>ÌåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ìéáò íÝáò åöáñìïãÞò, ëïãéêÜ èá èÝëåôå
      íá äéáâÜóåôå üôé ôåêìçñßùóç õðÜñ÷åé, íá ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå ôá
      áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé, íá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ç
      åöáñìïãÞ îåêéíÜåé êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç (áí åßíáé daemon), ê.ë.ð.</para>

    <para>Ôá áêñéâÞ âÞìáôá ðïõ èá ÷ñåéáóôïýí ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå êÜèå
      åöáñìïãÞ, èá åßíáé ðñïöáíþò äéáöïñåôéêÜ.  ¼ìùò, áí ìüëéò
      åãêáôáóôÞóáôå ìéá íÝá åöáñìïãÞ êáé áíáñùôéÝóôå <quote>Ôþñá ôé;</quote>
      ïé ðáñáêÜôù óõìâïõëÝò ìðïñåß íá óáò âïçèÞóïõí:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï &man.pkg.info.1; ãéá íá äåßôå ôé áñ÷åßá
	  åãêáôáóôÜèçêáí, êáé ðïõ.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí ìüëéò åãêáôáóôÞóáôå ôï
	  FooPackage version 1.0.0, ôüôå ç åíôïëÞ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -L foopackage-1.0.0 | less</userinput></screen>

	<para>èá óáò äåßîåé üëá ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ åãêáôáóôÜèçêáí áðü áõôü ôï
	  ðáêÝôï.  ÐñïóÝîôå ôá áñ÷åßá óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename>man/</filename>, ðïõ èá åßíáé óåëßäåò manual, ôïõò
	  êáôÜëïãïõò <filename>etc/</filename>, üðïõ èá åßíáé ôá áñ÷åßá
	  ñõèìßóåùí, êáé ôï <filename>doc/</filename>, üðïõ èá âñßóêåôáé ðéï
	  ðåñéåêôéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç.</para>

	<para>Áí äåí åßóôå óßãïõñïò ðïéá Ýêäïóç ôçò åöáñìïãÞò åãêáôáóôÞóáôå,
	  ìéá åíôïëÞ üðùò áõôÞ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info | grep -i <replaceable>foopackage</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>èá âñåé üëá ôá åãêáôåóôçìÝíá ðáêÝôá ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ôï
	  <replaceable>foopackage</replaceable> óôï üíïìá ôïõ ðáêÝôïõ.
	  ÁíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôï <replaceable>foopackage</replaceable> óôçí
	  ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ìå ôï ðáêÝôï ðïõ áíáæçôÜôå.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ìüëéò äåßôå ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé ôá manual pages ôçò åöáñìïãÞò, äåßôå
	  ôá ìå ôçí &man.man.1;.  ¼ìïéá, äåßôå ôá ðáñáäåßãìáôá ôùí áñ÷åßùí
	  ñýèìéóçò, êáé üðïéá Üëëç ðñüóèåôç ôåêìçñßùóç äéáôßèåôáé.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Áí õðÜñ÷åé web site ãéá ôçí åöáñìïãÞ, åëÝãîôå ôï ãéá ðñüóèåôç
	  ôåêìçñßùóç, óõ÷íÝò åñùôÞóåéò (FAQ), êáé Üëëá.  Áí äåí åßóôå
	  óßãïõñïò ãéá ôçí äéåýèõíóÞ ôïõ web site, ßóùò ôï âñåßôå óôçí Ýîïäï
	  ôçò åíôïëÞò:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info <replaceable>foopackage-1.0.0</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>Áí õðÜñ÷åé ãñáììÞ <literal>WWW:</literal>, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	  Ý÷åé ôï URL ãéá ôï web site ôçò åöáñìïãÞò.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ports ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá îåêéíïýí êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç
	  (üðùò äéáêïìéóôÝò Internet) óõíÞèùò åãêáèéóôïýí Ýíá script óôï
	  <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>.  ÐñÝðåé íá åëÝãîåôå ôï
	  script ãéá ôçí ïñèüôçôá ôïõ êáé íá ôï ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå Þ íá ôï
	  ìåôïíïìÜóåôå áí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé.  Äåßôå ôï <link
	    linkend="configtuning-starting-services">Åêêéíþíôáò
	    Õðçñåóßåò</link> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ports-broken">
    <title>Áíôéìåôùðßæïíôáò ×áëáóìÝíá Ports</title>

    <para>Áí Ýñèåôå áíôéìÝôùðïò ìå Ýíá port ôï ïðïßï äåí ëåéôïõñãåß,
      õðÜñ÷ïõí êÜðïéá ðñÜãìáôá ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Äåßôå áí åêêñåìåß êÜðïéá äéüñèùóç ãéá ôï port óôï
	  <ulink url="&url.base;/support.html#gnats">Problem Report
	  database</ulink>.  ÅÜí íáé, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç
	  ðñïôåéíüìåíç äéüñèùóç.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ÆçôÞóôå âïÞèåéá áðü ôïí óõíôçñçôÞ ôïõ port.  ÐëçêôñïëïãÞóôå
	  <command>make <maketarget>maintainer</maketarget></command> Þ
	  äéáâÜóôå ôï <filename>Makefile</filename> ãéá íá âñåßôå ôçí
	  äéåýèõíóç email ôïõ óõíôçñçôÞ.  Óôï ìÞíõìá óáò, èõìçèåßôå íá
	  óõìðåñéëÜâåôå ôï üíïìá êáé ôçí Ýêäïóç ôïõ port (óôåßëôå ôç ãñáììÞ
	  <literal>&dollar;&os;:</literal> áðü ôï
	  <filename>Makefile</filename>) êáèþò êáé ôçí Ýîïäï ôïõ
	  óöÜëìáôïò.</para>

	<note>
	  <para>ÌåñéêÜ ports äåí óõíôçñïýíôáé áðü êÜðïéï óõãêåêñéìÝíï Üôïìï,
	    áëëÜ áðü êÜðïéá <ulink
	      url="&url.articles.mailing-list-faq;/article.html">mailing
	      list</ulink>.  ÐïëëÝò, áí ü÷é üëåò, áðü áõôÝò ôéò äéåõèýíóåéò
	    Ý÷ïõí ôçí ìïñöÞ
	    <email role="nolink">freebsd-listname@FreeBSD.org</email>.
	    Ðáñáêáëïýìå íá ôï Ý÷åôå õðüøç óáò êáôÜ ôç äéáôýðùóç ôùí
	    åñùôÞóåùí óáò.</para>

	  <para>ÓõãêåêñéìÝíá, ôá ports ðïõ öáßíïíôáé üôé óõíôçñïýíôáé áðü ôçí
	    <email role="nolink">freebsd-ports@FreeBSD.org</email>, äåí
	    óõíôçñïýíôáé áðü êáíÝíáí óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá.  Äéïñèþóåéò êáé
	    õðïóôÞñéîç, áí õðÜñ÷ïõí, Ýñ÷ïíôáé ãåíéêÜ áðü ôçí êïéíüôçôá ðïõ
	    óõììåôÝ÷åé óôçí óõãêåêñéìÝíç mailing list.  ×ñåéáæüìáóôå ðÜíôïôå
	    ðåñéóóüôåñïõò åèåëïíôÝò!</para>
	</note>

	<para>Áí äåí ëÜâåôå áðÜíôçóç,
	  ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï &man.send-pr.1; ãéá íá óôåßëåôå
	  ìéá áíáöïñÜ óöÜëìáôïò (äåßôå ôï <ulink
	    url="&url.articles.problem-reports;/article.html">ÃñÜöïíôáò
	    ÁíáöïñÝò ÓöÜëìáôïò ãéá ôï &os;</ulink>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Äéïñèþóôå ôï!  Ôï <ulink
	    url="&url.books.porters-handbook;/index.html">Porter's
	    Handbook</ulink> ðåñéÝ÷åé ëåðôïìåñåßò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôçí õðïäïìÞ
	  ôùí <quote>Ports</quote> þóôå íá ìðïñåßôå íá äéïñèþóåôå ôï
	  ðåñéóôáóéáêü ðñïâëçìáôéêü port Þ áêüìá êáé íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá
	  äéêü óáò port!</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ÁíáêôÞóôå ôï ðáêÝôï áðü Ýíá êïíôéíü óáò FTP site.  Ç
	  <quote>êýñéá</quote> óõëëïãÞ ðáêÝôùí âñßóêåôáé óôï <hostid
	    role="fqdn">ftp.FreeBSD.org</hostid>, óôïí <ulink
	    url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/">êáôÜëïãï
	    ðáêÝôùí</ulink>.  Ðñéí ôç ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, åëÝãîôå
	  <emphasis>ðñþôá</emphasis> ôï <ulink
	    url="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/">ôïðéêü óáò mirror</ulink>.
	  Ôá ðáêÝôá åßíáé ðéï óßãïõñï üôé èá ëåéôïõñãÞóïõí,
	  áðü ôï íá ðñïóðáèåßôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, êáé
	  ç äéáäéêáóßá ôåëåéþíåé ðéï ãñÞãïñá.  ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðñüãñáììá
	  &man.pkg.add.1; ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ðáêÝôï óôï
	  óýóôçìá óáò.</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </sect1>
</chapter>

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