path: root/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/serialcomms/chapter.sgml

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<chapter id="serialcomms">
  <title>ÓåéñéáêÝò Åðéêïéíùíßåò</title>

  <sect1 id="serial-synopsis">
    <title>Óýíïøç</title>

    <indexterm><primary>óåéñéáêÝò åðéêïéíùíßåò</primary></indexterm>
    <para>Ôï &unix; ðÜíôïôå õðïóôÞñéæå óåéñéáêÝò åðéêïéíùíßåò.  Ãéá ôçí
      áêñßâåéá, ôá ðñþôá &unix; ìç÷áíÞìáôá âáóßæïíôáí óå óåéñéáêÝò ãñáììÝò
      ãéá ôçí åßóïäï êáé Ýîïäï óôï ÷ñÞóôç.  Ôá ðñÜãìáôá ùóôüóï Ý÷ïõí áëëÜîåé
      ðïëý áðü ôéò ìÝñåò ðïõ ôï óõíçèéóìÝíï <quote>ôåñìáôéêü</quote>
      áðïôåëïýíôáí áðü Ýíá óåéñéáêü åêôõðùôÞ 10 ÷áñáêôÞñùí ôï äåõôåñüëåðôï
      êáé Ýíá ðëçêôñïëüãéï.  Ôï êåöÜëáéï áõôü èá êáëýøåé êÜðïéïõò áðü ôïõò
      ôñüðïõò óåéñéáêÞò åðéêïéíùíßáò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé áðü ôï &os;.</para>

    <para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá óõíäÝóåôå ôåñìáôéêÜ óôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá modem ãéá íá óõíäåèåßôå
	  óå áðïìáêñõóìÝíá óõóôÞìáôá.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá åðéôñÝøåôå óå áðïìáêñõóìÝíïõò ÷ñÞóôåò íá
	  óõíäåèïýí óôï óýóôçìá óáò ìÝóù modem.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Ðùò íá åêêéíÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò ìÝóù óåéñéáêÞò
	  êïíóüëáò.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>Ðñéí äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá ðñÝðåé:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>Íá îÝñåôå ðùò èá ñõèìßóåôå êáé èá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå
	  Ýíá íÝï ðõñÞíá (<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Íá êáôáíïåßôå ôéò Üäåéåò êáé äéåñãáóßåò ôïõ
	  &unix; (<xref linkend="basics"/>).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>Íá Ý÷åôå ðñüóâáóç óôï ôå÷íéêü åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ õëéêïý
	  óáò (modem Þ êÜñôá ðïëëáðëþí óåéñéáêþí èõñþí) ðïõ èÝëåôå íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå óôï &os;.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="serial">
    <title>ÅéóáãùãÞ</title>

    <warning>
      <para>Áðü ôï &os;&nbsp;8.0 êáé ìåôÜ, ôá áñ÷åßá óõóêåõþí ôùí óåéñéáêþí
	èõñþí ìåôïíïìÜóôçêáí áðü
	<filename>/dev/cuad<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
	<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> êáé áðü
	<filename>/dev/ttyd<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
	<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.
	Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &os;&nbsp;7.X èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñìüóïõí ôçí ðáñáêÜôù
	ôåêìçñßùóç óýìöùíá ìå ôéò ðáñáðÜíù áëëáãÝò.</para>
    </warning>
    <!-- XXX Write me! -->

    <sect2 id="serial-terminology">
      <title>Ïñïëïãßá</title>

      <variablelist>
	<indexterm><primary>bits-per-second</primary></indexterm>
	<varlistentry>
	  <term>bps</term>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>Bits ÁíÜ Äåõôåñüëåðôï &mdash; ï ñõèìüò ìåôÜäïóçò ôùí
	      äåäïìÝíùí</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>DTE</term>
	  <listitem>
	    <indexterm><primary>DTE</primary></indexterm>

	    <para>Data Terminal Equipment, Ôåñìáôéêüò Åîïðëéóìüò ÄåäïìÝíùí
	      &mdash; ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ï õðïëïãéóôÞò óáò</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>DCE</term>
	  <listitem>
	    <indexterm><primary>DCE</primary></indexterm>

	    <para>Data Communications Equipment, Åîïðëéóìüò Åðéêïéíùíßáò
	      ÄåäïìÝíùí &mdash; ôï modem óáò</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>RS-232</term>
	  <listitem>
	    <indexterm><primary>RS-232C cables</primary></indexterm>

	    <para>Ðñüôõðï ôçò EIA ãéá ôï õëéêü ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óôéò
	      óåéñéáêÝò åðéêïéíùíßåò</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>
      </variablelist>

      <para>¼ôáí áíáöåñüìáóôå óôï ñõèìü ìåôÜäïóçò äåäïìÝíùí åðéêïéíùíßáò,
	äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýìå ðÜíôïôå ôïí üñï <quote>baud</quote>.  Ôï baud
	áíáöÝñåôáé óôïí áñéèìü ôùí ìåôáâÜóåùí ôïõ çëåêôñéêïý óÞìáôïò óôç
	ìïíÜäá ôïõ ÷ñüíïõ, åíþ êáíïíéêÜ ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ôï
	<quote>bps</quote> (bits áíÜ äåõôåñüëåðôï) ðïõ åßíáé ï
	<emphasis>óùóôüò</emphasis> üñïò (ç ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí äåí öáßíåôáé íá
	åíï÷ëåß ðïëý ôïõò ó÷ïëáóôéêïýò).</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="serial-cables-ports">
      <title>Èýñåò êáé Êáëþäéá</title>

      <para>Ãéá íá óõíäÝóåôå Ýíá modem Þ ôåñìáôéêü óôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò, èá
	÷ñåéáóôåßôå ìéá óåéñéáêÞ èýñá óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò, êáé ôï êáôÜëëçëï
	êáëþäéï ãéá íá óõíäÝóåôå ôç óåéñéáêÞ óõóêåõÞ óáò.  Áí åßóôå Þäç
	åîïéêåéùìÝíïò ìå ôï õëéêü óáò êáé ôï êáëþäéï ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé, ìðïñåßôå
	ìå áóöÜëåéá íá ðáñáëåßøåôå áõôÞ ôçí åíüôçôá.</para>

      <sect3 id="term-cables">
	<title>Êáëþäéá</title>

	<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí áñêåôïß äéáöïñåôéêïß ôýðïé óåéñéáêþí êáëùäßùí.  Ïé äýï
	  ðéï êïéíïß ôýðïé ãéá ôïõò óêïðïýò ìáò, åßíáé ôá êáëþäéá ôýðïõ
	  null-modem êáé ôá ôõðïðïéçìÝíá êáëþäéá RS-232 (ãíùóôÜ êáé ùò
	  <quote>åõèåßåò</quote>).  Ç ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ õëéêïý óáò èá ðñÝðåé
	  íá ðåñéãñÜöåé ôïí ôýðï ôïõ êáëùäßïõ ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé.</para>

	<sect4 id="term-cables-null">
	  <title>Êáëþäéá Ôýðïõ Null-modem</title>

	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>null-modem cable</primary>
	  </indexterm>

	  <para>¸íá êáëþäéï ôýðïõ null-modem, ìåôáöÝñåé áðåõèåßáò êÜðïéá
	    óÞìáôá üðùò ç <quote>Ãåßùóç ÓÞìáôïò (SG)</quote>, áëëÜ
	    áíôéóôñÝöåé ôéò óõíäÝóåéò óå êÜðïéá Üëëá.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ï
	    áêñïäÝêôçò <quote>ÌåôÜäïóçò ÄåäïìÝíùí</quote> (ãíùóôüò êáé ùò
	    <acronym role="Transmit Data">TD</acronym>) ôçò ìéáò ðëåõñÜò,
	    óõíäÝåôáé ìå ôïí áêñïäÝêôç <quote>ËÞøçò ÄåäïìÝíùí</quote> (ãíùóôüò
	    êáé ùò <acronym role="Receive Data">RD</acronym>) ôçò
	    Üëëçò.</para>

	  <para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá öôéÜîåôå ôï äéêü óáò êáëþäéï ôýðïõ
	    null-modem (ð.÷. ãéá ëüãïõò ðïéüôçôáò) ãéá ÷ñÞóç ìå ôåñìáôéêÜ.
	    Ï ðáñáêÜôù ðßíáêáò äåß÷íåé ôá
	    <link linkend="serialcomms-signal-names">óÞìáôá</link> ôïõ RS-232
	    êáé ôïõò áñéèìïýò ôùí áêñïäåêôþí óå Ýíá óõíäÝôç DB-25.  Óçìåéþóôå
	    åðßóçò üôé ôï ðñüôõðï ïñßæåé áðåõèåßáò óýíäåóç ôùí áêñïäåêôþí 1
	    ôçò êÜèå Üêñçò.  Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôïí áêñïäÝêôç ôçò
	    <emphasis>ÐñïóôáôåõôéêÞò Ãåßùóçò</emphasis>, áëëÜ óõ÷íÜ ç óýíäåóç
	    ôïõ ðáñáëåßðåôáé.  ÌåñéêÜ ôåñìáôéêÜ ëåéôïõñãïýí êáíïíéêÜ
	    ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ìüíï ôïõò áêñïäÝêôåò 2, 3 êáé 7, åíþ êÜðïéïé Üëëá
	    áðáéôïýí äéáöïñåôéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ôá ðáñáäåßãìáôá ðïõ
	    öáßíïíôáé ðáñáêÜôù.</para>

	  <table frame="none" pgwide="1">
	    <title>Êáëþäéï Null-Modem DB-25 óå DB-25</title>

	    <tgroup cols="5">
	      <thead>
		<row>
		  <entry align="left">ÓÞìá</entry>
		  <entry align="left">ÁêñïäÝêôçò #</entry>
		  <entry></entry>
		  <entry align="left">ÁêñïäÝêôçò #</entry>
		  <entry align="left">ÓÞìá</entry>
		</row>
	      </thead>

	      <tbody>
		<row>
		  <entry>SG</entry>
		  <entry>7</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>7</entry>
		  <entry>SG</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>TD</entry>
		  <entry>2</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>3</entry>
		  <entry>RD</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>RD</entry>
		  <entry>3</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>2</entry>
		  <entry>TD</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>RTS</entry>
		  <entry>4</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>5</entry>
		  <entry>CTS</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>CTS</entry>
		  <entry>5</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>4</entry>
		  <entry>RTS</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		  <entry>20</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>6</entry>
		  <entry>DSR</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		  <entry>20</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>8</entry>
		  <entry>DCD</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DSR</entry>
		  <entry>6</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>20</entry>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DCD</entry>
		  <entry>8</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>20</entry>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		</row>
	      </tbody>
	    </tgroup>
	  </table>

	  <para>ÐáñáêÜôù öáßíïíôáé äýï äéáôÜîåéò ðïõ åßíáé ðéï êïéíÝò óôéò
	    ìÝñåò ìáò.</para>

	  <table frame="none" pgwide="1">
	    <title>Êáëþäéï Null-Modem DB-9 óå DB-9</title>

	    <tgroup cols="5">
	      <thead>
		<row>
		  <entry align="left">ÓÞìá</entry>
		  <entry align="left">ÁêñïäÝêôçò #</entry>
		  <entry></entry>
		  <entry align="left">ÁêñïäÝêôçò #</entry>
		  <entry align="left">ÓÞìá</entry>
		</row>
	      </thead>

	      <tbody>
		<row>
		  <entry>RD</entry>
		  <entry>2</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>3</entry>
		  <entry>TD</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>TD</entry>
		  <entry>3</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>2</entry>
		  <entry>RD</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		  <entry>4</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>6</entry>
		  <entry>DSR</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		  <entry>4</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>1</entry>
		  <entry>DCD</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>SG</entry>
		  <entry>5</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>5</entry>
		  <entry>SG</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DSR</entry>
		  <entry>6</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>4</entry>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DCD</entry>
		  <entry>1</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>4</entry>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>RTS</entry>
		  <entry>7</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>8</entry>
		  <entry>CTS</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>CTS</entry>
		  <entry>8</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>7</entry>
		  <entry>RTS</entry>
		</row>
	      </tbody>
	    </tgroup>
	  </table>

	  <table frame="none" pgwide="1">
	    <title>Êáëþäéï Null-Modem DB-9 óå DB-25</title>

	    <tgroup cols="5">
	      <thead>
		<row>
		  <entry align="left">ÓÞìá</entry>
		  <entry align="left">ÁêñïäÝêôçò #</entry>
		  <entry></entry>
		  <entry align="left">ÁêñïäÝêôçò #</entry>
		  <entry align="left">ÓÞìá</entry>
		</row>
	      </thead>

	      <tbody>
		<row>
		  <entry>RD</entry>
		  <entry>2</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>2</entry>
		  <entry>TD</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>TD</entry>
		  <entry>3</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>3</entry>
		  <entry>RD</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		  <entry>4</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>6</entry>
		  <entry>DSR</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		  <entry>4</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>8</entry>
		  <entry>DCD</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>SG</entry>
		  <entry>5</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>7</entry>
		  <entry>SG</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DSR</entry>
		  <entry>6</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>20</entry>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>DCD</entry>
		  <entry>1</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>20</entry>
		  <entry>DTR</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>RTS</entry>
		  <entry>7</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>5</entry>
		  <entry>CTS</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry>CTS</entry>
		  <entry>8</entry>
		  <entry>óõíäÝåôáé óôï</entry>
		  <entry>4</entry>
		  <entry>RTS</entry>
		</row>
	      </tbody>
	    </tgroup>
	  </table>

	  <note>
	    <para>¼ôáí Ýíáò áêñïäÝêôçò óå ìéá Üêñç ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá óõíäåèåß ìå
	      äýï áêñïäÝêôåò óôçí Üëëç, óõíÞèùò åíþíïõìå ôïõò áêñïäÝêôåò
	      ìåôáîý ôïõò óôç ìéá Üêñç ìå Ýíá ìéêñü êáëþäéï, êáé
	      ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýìå Ýíá ìáêñýôåñï êáëþäéï ãéá ôçí Ýíùóç ìå ôçí Üëëç
	      Üêñç.</para>
	  </note>

	  <para>Ç ðáñáðÜíù äéÜôáîç öáßíåôáé íá åßíáé ç ðéï äéáäåäïìÝíç.  Óå
	    ìéá ðáñáëëáãÞ (ðïõ åîçãåßôáé óôï âéâëßï <emphasis>Ôï RS-232 ìå
	      ÁðëÜ ÂÞìáôá</emphasis>), ôï SG óõíäÝåôáé óôï SG, ôï TD óõíäÝåôáé
	    óôï RD, ôá RTS êáé CTS óõíäÝïíôáé óôï DCD, ôï DTR óõíäÝåôáé óôï
	    DSR, êáé áíôßóôñïöá.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4 id="term-cables-std">
	  <title>ÔõðïðïéçìÝíá Êáëþäéá RS-232C</title>
	  <indexterm><primary>RS-232C cables</primary></indexterm>

	  <para>¸íá ôõðïðïéçìÝíï óåéñéáêü êáëþäéï RS-232C, ìåôáöÝñåé üëá
	    ôá óÞìáôá áðåõèåßáò áðü ôç ìéá Üêñç óôçí Üëëç, ÷ùñßò êáìéÜ áëëáãÞ
	    óôïõò áêñïäÝêôåò.  Áõôü áðëÜ óçìáßíåé üôé ï áêñïäÝêôçò
	    <quote>ÌåôÜäïóçò ÄåäïìÝíùí (TD)</quote> ôçò ìéáò Üêñçò, óõíäÝåôáé
	    óôïí áêñïäÝêôç <quote>ÌåôÜäïóçò ÄåäïìÝíùí (TD)</quote> ôçò Üëëçò
	    Üêñçò.  Áõôü åßíáé êáé ôï åßäïò ôïõ êáëùäßïõ ðïõ èá
	    ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ãéá íá óõíäÝóåôå Ýíá modem óôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò,
	    êáé åßíáé åðßóçò êáôÜëëçëï ãéá ïñéóìÝíá ôåñìáôéêÜ.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="term-ports">
	<title>Èýñåò</title>

	<para>Ïé óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò åßíáé ïé óõóêåõÝò ðïõ ìåôáöÝñïõí ôá äåäïìÝíá
	  ìåôáîý ôïõ &os; óõóôÞìáôïò êáé ôïõ ôåñìáôéêïý.  Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ
	  ðåñéãñÜöåé ôá åßäç ôùí èõñþí ðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí, êáé ðùò ôá ÷åéñßæåôáé ôï
	  &os;.</para>

	<sect4 id="term-portkinds">
	  <title>Åßäç Èõñþí</title>

	  <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äéÜöïñá åßäç óåéñéáêþí èõñþí.  Ðñéí áãïñÜóåôå Þ
	    êáôáóêåõÜóåôå êÜðïéï êáëþäéï, èá ðñÝðåé íá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé
	    ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ôç èýñá ôïõ ôåñìáôéêïý êáé ôïõ &os; óõóôÞìáôïò
	    óáò.</para>

	  <para>Ôá ðåñéóóüôåñá ôåñìáôéêÜ äéáèÝôïõí èýñåò DB-25.  Ïé ðñïóùðéêïß
	    õðïëïãéóôÝò, óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíùí êáé áõôþí ðïõ åêôåëïýí &os;,
	    ìðïñåß íá Ý÷ïõí èýñåò ôýðïõ DB-25 Þ DB-9.  Áí äéáèÝôåôå êÜñôá
	    ðïëëáðëþí óåéñéáêþí èõñþí óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò, ìðïñåß íá äéáèÝôåé
	    èýñåò ôýðïõ RJ-12 Þ RJ-45.</para>

	  <para>Äåßôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ðïõ óõíïäåýåé ôï õëéêü óáò, ãéá ôéò
	    ôå÷íéêÝò ðñïäéáãñáöÝò ôçò èýñáò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß.  ÓõíÞèùò
	    ìðïñåßôå íá âãÜëåôå óõìðÝñáóìá áí áðëþò êïéôÜîåôå ôçí
	    õðïäï÷Þ.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4 id="term-portnames">
	  <title>Ïíüìáôá Èõñþí</title>

	  <para>Óôï &os;, Ý÷åôå ðñüóâáóç óå êÜèå óåéñéáêÞ èýñá ìÝóù ìéáò
	    êáôá÷þñéóçò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/dev</filename>.  ÕðÜñ÷ïõí
	    äýï äéáöïñåôéêÜ åßäç êáôá÷ùñßóåùí:</para>

	  <itemizedlist>
	    <listitem>
	      <para>Ïé èýñåò ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí ãéá åßóïäï óôï
		óýóôçìá, ïíïìÜæïíôáé
		<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
		üðïõ ôï <replaceable>N</replaceable> åßíáé ï áñéèìüò ôçò
		èýñáò (ç áñßèìçóç îåêéíÜåé áðü ôï ìçäÝí).  ÃåíéêÜ, ïé èýñåò
		áõôÝò ðñïïñßæïíôáé ãéá óýíäåóç ìå ôåñìáôéêÜ.  Ïé èýñåò åéóüäïõ
		áðáéôïýí íá åßíáé åíåñãü ôï óÞìá áíß÷íåõóçò öÝñïíôïò
		(DCD) óôç óåéñéáêÞ ãñáììÞ, ðñïêåéìÝíïõ íá ëåéôïõñãÞóïõí
		óùóôÜ.</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>Ïé èýñåò êëÞóçò Þ åîüäïõ, ïíïìÜæïíôáé
		<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.
		Ïé èýñåò áõôÝò äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óõíÞèùò ãéá ôåñìáôéêÜ,
		áëëÜ ãéá modems.  Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôÞ ôç èýñá
		ãéá êÜðïéï ôåñìáôéêü ðïõ äåí õðïóôçñßæåé ôï óÞìá áíß÷íåõóçò
		öÝñïíôïò.</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </itemizedlist>

	  <para>Áí Ý÷åôå óõíäÝóåé Ýíá ôåñìáôéêü óôçí ðñþôç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá
	    (ðïõ óôï &ms-dos; áíáöÝñåôáé ùò <devicename>COM1</devicename>),
	    èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí óõóêåõÞ
	    <filename>/dev/ttyu0</filename> ãéá íá áíáöåñèåßôå óôï ôåñìáôéêü.
	    Áí ôï ôåñìáôéêü åßíáé óôç äåýôåñç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá (ðïõ åßíáé åðßóçò
	    ãíùóôÞ ùò <devicename>COM2</devicename>) ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôç
	    óõóêåõÞ <filename>/dev/ttyu1</filename>, ê.ï.ê.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ ÐõñÞíá</title>

      <para>Ôï &os; áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ õðïóôçñßæåé ôÝóóåñéò óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò.
	Óôïí êüóìï ôïõ &ms-dos; ïé èýñåò áõôÝò åßíáé ãíùóôÝò ùò:
	<devicename>COM1</devicename>,
	<devicename>COM2</devicename>,
	<devicename>COM3</devicename>, êáé
	<devicename>COM4</devicename>.  Ôï &os; áõôÞ ôç óôéãìÞ õðïóôçñßæåé
	<quote>êïõôÝò</quote> óåéñéáêÝò êÜñôåò ðïëëáðëþí èõñþí, üðùò ôéò
	BocaBoard 1008 êáé 2016, üðùò êáé ðéï åõöõÞò êÜñôåò, üðùò áõôÝò ðïõ
	êáôáóêåõÜæïíôáé áðü ôçí Digiboard êáé ôçí Stallion Technologies.
	Ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò ðõñÞíáò ùóôüóï, åêôåëåß áíß÷íåõóç ìüíï ãéá ôéò
	ôõðéêÝò óåéñéáêÝò (COM) èýñåò.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá äåßôå áí ï ðõñÞíáò óáò áíáãíùñßæåé ïðïéáäÞðïôå áðü ôéò
	óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò, ðáñáôçñÞóôå ôá ìçíýìáôá êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá åêêßíçóçò
	ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, Þ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	<command>/sbin/dmesg</command> ãéá íá îáíáäåßôå ôá ìçíýìáôá ôïõ
	ðõñÞíá êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò åêêßíçóçò.  Ðéï óõãêåêñéìÝíá, áíáæçôÞóôå
	ôá ìçíýìáôá ðïõ îåêéíïýí ìå ôïõò ÷áñáêôÞñåò
	<literal>sio</literal>.</para>

      <tip>
	<para>Ãéá íá äåßôå ìüíï ôá ìçíýìáôá ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïõí ôç ëÝîç
	  <literal>sio</literal>, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio'</userinput></screen>
      </tip>

      <para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, óå Ýíá óýóôçìá ìå ôÝóóåñéò óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò, ôá
	ìçíýìáôá ôïõ ðõñÞíá ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå áõôÝò öáßíïíôáé
	ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <screen>sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa
sio1: type 16550A
sio2 at 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 5 on isa
sio2: type 16550A
sio3 at 0x2e8-0x2ef irq 9 on isa
sio3: type 16550A</screen>

      <para>Áí ï ðõñÞíáò óáò äåí áíáãíùñßæåé üëåò ôéò óåéñéáêÝò óáò èýñåò,
	ðéèáíüí íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ôïí ñõèìßóåôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>.  Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá
	ìåôáôñÝøåôå óå ó÷üëéï (Þ êáé íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôåëåßùò) ãñáììÝò ðïõ
	áíáöÝñïíôáé óå óõóêåõÝò ðïõ äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí óôï óýóôçìá óáò.</para>

      <para>Ðáñáêáëïýìå áíáôñÝîôå óôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.sio.4; ãéá
	ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôéò óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò êáé ôéò
	ñõèìßóåéò ôùí êáñôþí ðïëëáðëþí óåéñéáêþí èõñþí.  Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå
	áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ðïõ ðñïÝñ÷åôáé áðü êÜðïéá ðáëáéüôåñç Ýêäïóç ôïõ
	&os;, èá ðñÝðåé íá åßóôå éäéáßôåñá ðñïóåêôéêïß, êáèþò êÜðïéåò áðü
	ôéò åðéëïãÝò ôùí óõóêåõþí êáé ç óýíôáîç ôïõò Ý÷ïõí áëëÜîåé óôéò
	íåüôåñåò åêäüóåéò.</para>

      <note>
	<para>Ôï <literal>port IO_COM1</literal> õðïêáèéóôÜ ôï
	  <literal>port 0x3f8</literal>, <literal>IO_COM2</literal> åßíáé ôï
	  <literal>0x2f8</literal>, <literal>IO_COM3</literal> åßíáé ôï
	  <literal>0x3e8</literal>, êáé ôï <literal>IO_COM4</literal> åßíáé
	  ôï <literal>0x2e8</literal>.  ÁõôÝò åßíáé êáé ïé ðéï êïéíÝò
	  ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ôéò ðáñáðÜíù èýñåò.  Ïé ãñáììÝò interrupt 4, 3, 5 êáé
	  9 åßíáé ïé ðëÝïí óõíçèéóìÝíåò óôéò óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò.  Óçìåéþóôå
	  åðßóçò üôé ïé óõíçèéóìÝíåò óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò <emphasis>äåí</emphasis>
	  ìðïñïýí íá ìïéñÜæïíôáé ôï ßäéï interrupt ìå êÜðïéá Üëëç óõóêåõÞ
	  óå õðïëïãéóôÝò ðïõ äéáèÝôïõí äßáõëï ôýðïõ ISA (ïé êÜñôåò ðïëëáðëþí
	  èõñþí äéáèÝôïõí åéäéêÜ êõêëþìáôá ðïõ åðéôñÝðïõí óå üëá ôá
	  16550Á ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ç êÜñôá íá ëåéôïõñãïýí ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
	  ìüíï ìßá Þ äýï ãñáììÝò interrupt).</para>
      </note>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÅéäéêÜ Áñ÷åßá Óõóêåõþí</title>

      <para>Ç ðñüóâáóç óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò óõóêåõÝò ôïõ ðõñÞíá, åðéôõã÷Üíåôáé
	ìÝóù <quote>åéäéêþí áñ÷åßùí óõóêåõþí</quote>, ôá ïðïßá âñßóêïíôáé
	óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/dev/</filename>.  Óôéò óõóêåõÝò
	<devicename>sio</devicename> ç ðñüóâáóç åðéôõã÷Üíåôáé ìÝóù ôùí
	áñ÷åßùí
	<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> (ãéá
	óõóêåõÝò åéóüäïõ, dial-in) êáé
	<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> (ãéá
	óõóêåõÝò åîüäïõ, call-out).  Ôï &os; ðáñÝ÷åé åðßóçò óõóêåõÝò
	áñ÷éêïðïßçóçò
	(<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable>.init</filename> êáé
	<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable>.init</filename>)
	êáé óõóêåõÝò êëåéäþìáôïò
	(<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable>.lock</filename> êáé
	<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable>.lock</filename>).
	Ïé óõóêåõÝò áñ÷éêïðïßçóçò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ãéá ôçí ñýèìéóç ôùí
	áñ÷éêþí ðáñáìÝôñùí åðéêïéíùíßáò óôç èýñá, êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ
	áíïßãåé.  ÔÝôïéåò ðáñÜìåôñïé åßíáé ð.÷. ôï
	<literal>crtscts</literal> ãéá ôá modems ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí
	óçìáôïäïóßá <literal>RTS/CTS</literal> ãéá Ýëåã÷ï ñïÞò.  Ïé óõóêåõÝò
	êëåéäþìáôïò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ãéá íá êëåéäþíïõí êÜðïéåò ñõèìßóåéò óôéò
	èýñåò, þóôå íá ìçí ìðïñïýí íá áëëá÷èïýí áðü Üëëïõò ÷ñÞóôåò Þ
	ðñïãñÜììáôá.  Ãéá ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÝò ìå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôåñìáôéêþí,
	ôçí áñ÷éêïðïßçóç êáé ôá êëåéäþìáôá óõóêåõþí, êáé ôç ñýèìéóç
	ðáñáìÝôñùí óôá ôåñìáôéêÜ, äåßôå áíôßóôïé÷á ôéò óåëßäåò manual
	&man.termios.4;, &man.sio.4;, êáé &man.stty.1;.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="serial-hw-config">
      <title>Ñõèìßóåéò Óåéñéáêþí Èõñþí</title>

      <indexterm><primary><devicename>ttyu</devicename></primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary><devicename>cuau</devicename></primary></indexterm>

      <para>Ç óõóêåõÞ
	<devicename>ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></devicename> (Þ
	<devicename>cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></devicename>) åßíáé ç
	êáíïíéêÞ óõóêåõÞ ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå óôéò åöáñìïãÝò óáò.
	¼ôáí ìéá äéáäéêáóßá áíïßãåé ìéá óõóêåõÞ, ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé êÜðïéåò
	ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò I/O ãéá ôï ôåñìáôéêü.  Ìðïñåßôå íá
	äåßôå áõôÝò ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -a -f /dev/ttyu1</userinput></screen>

      <para>Áí áëëÜîåôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò óå áõôÞ ôç óõóêåõÞ, áõôÝò èá
	ðáñáìåßíïõí ìÝ÷ñé ôï êëåßóéìï ôçò óõóêåõÞò.  ¼ôáí áíïé÷èåß îáíÜ, èá
	Ý÷åé åðáíÝëèåé óôéò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò.  Ãéá íá áëëÜîåôå ôéò
	ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò, ìðïñåßôå íá áíïßîåôå êáé íá áëëÜîåôå ôéò
	ñõèìßóåéò ôçò óõóêåõÞò <quote>áñ÷éêÞò êáôÜóôáóçò</quote>.  Ãéá
	ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôç ëåéôïõñãßá
	<option>CLOCAL</option>, íá ïñßóåôå åðéêïéíùíßá 8bit êáé Ýëåã÷ï ñïÞò
	ìÝóù <option>XON/XOFF</option> ãéá ôç óõóêåõÞ
	<devicename>ttyu5</devicename>, ãñÜøôå:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -f /dev/ttyu5.init clocal cs8 ixon ixoff</userinput></screen>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>rc files</primary>
	<secondary><filename>rc.serial</filename></secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Ç áñ÷éêïðïßçóç ôùí óåéñéáêþí óõóêåõþí ãéá üëï ôï óýóôçìá,
	åëÝã÷åôáé áðü ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/rc.d/serial</filename>.  Ôï
	áñ÷åßï áõôü åðçñåÜæåé ôéò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò ôùí óåéñéáêþí
	óõóêåõþí.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá áðïôñÝøåôå ôçí áëëáãÞ óõãêåêñéìÝíùí ñõèìßóåùí áðü êÜðïéá
	åöáñìïãÞ, áëëÜîôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôçò óõóêåõÞò
	<quote>êëåéäþìáôïò</quote>.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá íá êëåéäþóåôå ôçí
	ôá÷ýôçôá ôçò óõóêåõÞò <devicename>ttyu5</devicename> óôá
	57600&nbsp;bps, ãñÜøôå:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>stty -f /dev/ttyu5.lock 57600</userinput></screen>

      <para>Ôþñá, ìéá åöáñìïãÞ ðïõ áíïßãåé ôç èýñá
	<devicename>ttyu5</devicename> êáé åðé÷åéñåß íá áëëÜîåé ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá
	ôçò èýñáò, èá áíáãêáóôåß íá ðáñáìåßíåé óôá 57600&nbsp;bps.</para>

      <para>ÖõóéêÜ, èá ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå ôéò óõóêåõÝò áñ÷éêïðïßçóçò êáé
	êëåéäþìáôïò, þóôå íá åßíáé åããñÜøéìåò ìüíï áðü ôïí ëïãáñéáóìü ôïõ
	<username>root</username>.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="term">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Sean</firstname>
	  <surname>Kelly</surname>
	  <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
	</author>
	<!-- 28 July 1996 -->
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>ÔåñìáôéêÜ</title>

    <warning>
      <para>Áðü ôï &os;&nbsp;8.0 êáé ìåôÜ, ôá áñ÷åßá óõóêåõþí ôùí óåéñéáêþí
	èõñþí ìåôïíïìÜóôçêáí áðü
	<filename>/dev/cuad<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
	<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> êáé áðü
	<filename>/dev/ttyd<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
	<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.
	Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &os;&nbsp;7.X èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñìüóïõí ôçí ðáñáêÜôù
	ôåêìçñßùóç óýìöùíá ìå ôéò ðáñáðÜíù áëëáãÝò.</para>
    </warning>

    <indexterm><primary>terminals</primary></indexterm>

    <para>Ôá ôåñìáôéêÜ ðáñÝ÷ïõí ìéá âïëéêÞ êáé ÷áìçëïý êüóôïõò ìÝèïäï
      ðñüóâáóçò óôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò, üôáí äåí âñßóêåóôå ìðñïóôÜ óôçí êïíóüëá
      Þ óå êÜðïéï óõíäåìÝíï äßêôõï.  Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ ðåñéãñÜöåé ðùò íá
      ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôåñìáôéêÜ óôï &os;.</para>

    <sect2 id="term-uses">
      <title>×ñÞóåéò êáé Åßäç Ôåñìáôéêþí</title>

      <para>Ôá áñ÷éêÜ óõóôÞìáôá &unix; äåí åß÷áí êïíóüëåò.  Áíôßèåôá, ïé
	÷ñÞóôåò åéóÝñ÷ïíôáí óôï óýóôçìá êáé åêôåëïýóáí ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá ôïõò
	ìÝóù ôåñìáôéêþí ðïõ óõíäÝïíôáí óôéò óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò ôïõ õðïëïãéóôÞ.
	Áõôü ìïéÜæåé áñêåôÜ ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç modem êáé ëïãéóìéêïý åîïìïßùóçò
	ôåñìáôéêïý ãéá óýíäåóç óå Ýíá áðïìáêñõóìÝíï óýóôçìá.  Ìå ôïí ôñüðï
	áõôü ìðïñåßôå âÝâáéá íá åêôåëÝóåôå åñãáóßåò ìüíï óå ðåñéâÜëëïí
	êåéìÝíïõ.</para>

      <para>Ôá óçìåñéíÜ PC äéáèÝôïõí êïíóüëåò éêáíÝò íá áðåéêïíßóïõí ãñáöéêÜ
	ðïëý õøçëÞò ðïéüôçôáò, áëëÜ ç éêáíüôçôá óýíäåóçò óôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìÝóù
	óåéñéáêÞò èýñáò, õðÜñ÷åé áêüìá ó÷åäüí óå üëá ôá óçìåñéíÜ óõóôÞìáôá
	ôýðïõ &unix;.  Ôï &os; äåí áðïôåëåß åîáßñåóç.  ÓõíäÝïíôáò Ýíá
	ôåñìáôéêü óå ìéá á÷ñçóéìïðïßçôç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá, ìðïñåßôå íá åéóÝëèåôå
	óôï óýóôçìá êáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ïðïéïäÞðïôå ðñüãñáììá êåéìÝíïõ ôï ïðïßï
	èá ìðïñïýóáôå öõóéïëïãéêÜ íá åêôåëÝóåôå óôçí êïíóüëá Þ óå Ýíá
	ðáñÜèõñï <command>xterm</command> ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò X Window.</para>

      <para>Ãéá ÷ñÞóç óå åðé÷åéñÞóåéò, åßíáé äõíáôüí íá óõíäÝóåôå ðïëëÜ
	ôåñìáôéêÜ óå Ýíá &os; óýóôçìá êáé íá ôá ôïðïèåôÞóåôå óôéò èÝóåéò
	åñãáóßáò ôùí õðáëëÞëùí.  ¸íáò ïéêéáêüò ÷ñÞóôçò ìðïñåß íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé êÜðïéï ðáëéü õðïëïãéóôÞ (ð.÷. Ýíá ðáëéü IBM PC Þ
	&macintosh;) ùò ôåñìáôéêü åíüò ðïëý éó÷õñüôåñïõ õðïëïãéóôÞ ðïõ åêôåëåß
	&os;.  Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü, ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå áõôü ðïõ êáíïíéêÜ
	èá Þôáí óýóôçìá åíüò ÷ñÞóôç, óå Ýíá ðáíßó÷õñï óýóôçìá ðïëëáðëþí
	÷ñçóôþí.</para>

      <para>Óôï &os; õðÜñ÷ïõí ôñßá åßäç ôåñìáôéêþí:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><link linkend="term-dumb">ÊïõôÜ ÔåñìáôéêÜ</link></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><link linkend="term-pcs">PC ðïõ ëåéôïõñãïýí ùò ôåñìáôéêÜ</link></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><link linkend="term-x">ÔåñìáôéêÜ X</link></para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>Ïé ðáñáêÜôù õðïåíüôçôåò ðåñéãñÜöïõí êáèÝíá áðü áõôïýò ôïõò
	ôýðïõò.</para>

      <sect3 id="term-dumb">
	<title>ÊïõôÜ ÔåñìáôéêÜ</title>

	<para>Ôá êïõôÜ ôåñìáôéêÜ åßíáé åîåéäéêåõìÝíåò óõóêåõÝò ðïõ åðéôñÝðïõí
	  ôç óýíäåóç óå õðïëïãéóôÝò ìÝóù óåéñéáêþí ãñáììþí.  Áðïêáëïýíôáé
	  <quote>êïõôÜ</quote> áêñéâþò åðåéäÞ ç ìüíç õðïëïãéóôéêÞ éó÷ý ðïõ
	  Ý÷ïõí åßíáé ãéá áðåéêüíéóç, áðïóôïëÞ, êáé ëÞøç êåéìÝíïõ.  Äåí
	  ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå ðñïãñÜììáôá óå áõôÜ.  ¼ëç ç éó÷ýò ôïõò
	  ðñïÝñ÷åôáé áðü ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ ðïõ èá ôá óõíäÝóåôå, êáé ìÝóù áõôïý
	  ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå óõíôÜêôåò êåéìÝíïõ, ìåôáãëùôôéóôÝò,
	  ðñïãñÜììáôá email, ðáé÷íßäéá ê.ï.ê.</para>

	<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí åêáôïíôÜäåò åßäç êïõôþí ôåñìáôéêþí
	  áðü áñêåôïýò êáôáóêåõáóôÝò, üðùò ôï VT-100 ôçò Digital Equipment
	  Corporation êáé ôï WY-75 ôçò Wyse.  Ó÷åäüí ïðïéïóäÞðïôå ôýðïò ìðïñåß
	  íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé ìå ôï &os;.  ÌåñéêÜ ôåñìáôéêÜ õøçëïý êüóôïõò ìðïñïýí
	  åðßóçò íá áðåéêïíßóïõí êáé ãñáöéêÜ, áëëÜ áõôÞ ôç äõíáôüôçôá ìðïñïýí
	  íá ôçí åêìåôáëëåõèïýí ó÷åôéêÜ ëßãá ðáêÝôá ëïãéóìéêïý.</para>

	<para>Ôá êïõôÜ ôåñìáôéêÜ åßíáé äçìïöéëÞ óå ðåñéâÜëëïíôá åñãáóßáò üðïõ
	  ïé åñãáæüìåíïé äåí ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé ðñüóâáóç óå ãñáöéêÝò åöáñìïãÝò, üðùò
	  áõôÝò ðïõ ðáñÝ÷ïíôáé áðü ôï óýóôçìá X Window.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="term-pcs">
	<title>PC ðïõ Ëåéôïõñãïýí ùò ÔåñìáôéêÜ</title>

	<para>Áí Ýíá <link linkend="term-dumb">êïõôü ôåñìáôéêü</link> Ý÷åé
	  áêñéâþò ôçí éó÷ý ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ãéá íá äåß÷íåé, íá óôÝëíåé, êáé íá
	  ëáìâÜíåé êåßìåíï, ôüôå êáé êÜèå õðïëïãéóôÞò ðïõ óáò ðåñéóóåýåé
	  ìðïñåß íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óáí êïõôü ôåñìáôéêü.  Ôï ìüíï ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå
	  åßíáé ôï óùóôü êáëþäéï êáé êÜðïéï ðñüãñáììá
	  <emphasis>åîïìïßùóçò ôåñìáôéêïý</emphasis> ôï ïðïßï èá åêôåëåßôå
	  óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ áõôü.</para>

	<para>Ç ðáñáðÜíù äéÜôáîç åßíáé äçìïöéëÞò ãéá ïéêéáêÞ ÷ñÞóç.  Áí ãéá
	  ðáñÜäåéãìá êÜðïéïò äïõëåýåé óôçí êïíóüëá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò,
	  ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí åñãáóßá óáò (ìå ôçí ðñïûðüèåóÞ üôé åßíáé
	  ìüíï êåßìåíï) ôçí ßäéá óôéãìÞ, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Ýíá ëéãüôåñï éó÷õñü
	  óýóôçìá ôï ïðïßï óõíäÝåôáé óôï &os; óáò ùò ôåñìáôéêü.</para>

	<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí âïçèçôéêÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá óôï âáóéêü
	  óýóôçìá ôïõ &os; ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí ãéá íá äïõëÝøåôå
	  ìÝóù óåéñéáêÞò óýíäåóçò: ôï &man.cu.1; êáé ôï &man.tip.1;.</para>

	<para>Ãéá íá óõíäåèåßôå áðü Ýíá Üëëï ìç÷Üíçìá ðïõ åêôåëåß &os; óôç
	  óåéñéáêÞ óýíäåóç åíüò Üëëïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
	  ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l <replaceable>serial-port-device</replaceable></userinput></screen>

	<para>¼ðïõ ôï <quote>serial-port-device</quote> åßíáé ôï üíïìá ôïõ
	  áñ÷åßïõ óõóêåõÞò ðïõ áíôéðñïóùðåýåé ìéá óåéñéáêÞ èýñá óôï óýóôçìá
	  óáò.  ÁõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá óõóêåõþí êáëïýíôáé
	  <devicename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></devicename>.</para>

	<para>Ôï <quote>N</quote> óôï üíïìá ôçò óõóêåõÞò, áíôéðñïóùðåýåé ôïí
	  áñéèìü ôçò óåéñéáêÞò èýñáò.</para>

	<note>
	  <para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé ç áñßèìçóç ôùí óõóêåõþí óôï &os; îåêéíÜ áðü ôï
	    ìçäÝí, êáé ü÷é áðü ôï Ýíá (üðùò óõìâáßíåé ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá óôá
	    óõóôÞìáôá ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôï &ms-dos;).  Áõôü ðñáêôéêÜ óçìáßíåé
	    üôé ç èýñá ðïõ óôï &ms-dos; êáëåßôáé
	    <devicename>COM1</devicename> èá åßíáé óõíÞèùò ç
	    <filename>/dev/cuau0</filename> óôï &os;.</para>
	</note>

	<note>
	  <para>ÊÜðïéïé ÷ñÞóôåò ðñïôéìïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí Üëëá ðñïãñÜììáôá
	    ðïõ äéáôßèåíôáé ìÝóù ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports.  Ôá Ports
	    ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí áñêåôÜ âïçèçôéêÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ìå ëåéôïõñãßåò
	    ðáñüìïéåò ìå ôï &man.cu.1; êáé ôï &man.tip.1;, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôï
	    <filename role="package">comms/minicom</filename>.</para>
	</note>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="term-x">
	<title>ÔåñìáôéêÜ X</title>

	<para>Ôá ôåñìáôéêÜ X åßíáé ôá ðéï åîåëéãìÝíá åßäç ôåñìáôéêþí ðïõ
	  õðÜñ÷ïõí.  Áíôß íá óõíäÝïíôáé óå óåéñéáêÞ èýñá, óõíÞèùò óõíäÝïíôáé
	  ìÝóù äéêôýïõ, ð.÷. Ethernet.  Áíôß íá ðåñéïñßæïíôáé ìüíï óå
	  åöáñìïãÝò êåéìÝíïõ, ìðïñïýí íá áðåéêïíßóïõí ïðïéáäÞðïôå åöáñìïãÞ
	  ôùí X.</para>

	<para>ÁíáöÝñáìå ôá ôåñìáôéêÜ X ìüíï ãéá ëüãïõò ðëçñüôçôáò áõôÞò ôçò
	  åíüôçôáò.  Óôï êåöÜëáéï áõôü ùóôüóï, <emphasis>äåí</emphasis>
	  êáëýðôåôáé ç åãêáôÜóôáóç, ñýèìéóç, êáé ÷ñÞóç ôùí
	  ôåñìáôéêþí X.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="term-config">
      <title>Ñýèìéóç</title>

      <para>Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ ðåñéãñÜöåé ôé ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ñõèìßóåôå óôï &os;
	óýóôçìá óáò ãéá íá åßíáé äõíáôÞ ç åßóïäïò óå áõôü ìÝóù ôåñìáôéêïý.
	ÐñïûðïèÝôåé üôé Ý÷åôå Þäç ñõèìßóåé ôïí ðõñÞíá óáò íá õðïóôçñßæåé ôç
	óåéñéáêÞ èýñá óôçí ïðïßá åßíáé óõíäåìÝíç ôï ôåñìáôéêü&mdash;êáé üôé ôï
	Ý÷åôå Þäç óõíäÝóåé.</para>

      <para>Óôï <xref linkend="boot"/> åßäáìå üôé ç äéåñãáóßá
	<command>init</command> åßíáé õðåýèõíç ãéá ôïí Ýëåã÷ï ôùí Üëëùí
	äéåñãáóéþí, êáé ãéá ôçí áñ÷éêïðïßçóç êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.
	Ìéá áðü ôéò åñãáóßåò ðïõ åêôåëåß ç <command>init</command> åßíáé íá
	äéáâÜæåé ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> êáé íá îåêéíÜ ìéá
	äéåñãáóßá <command>getty</command> óå êÜèå äéáèÝóéìï ôåñìáôéêü.
	Ç äéåñãáóßá <command>getty</command> áíáëáìâÜíåé íá äéáâÜóåé ôï
	üíïìá ÷ñÞóôç êáé íá îåêéíÞóåé ôï ðñüãñáììá
	<command>login</command>.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá ñõèìéóôïýí ôá ôåñìáôéêÜ óôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò, èá ðñÝðåé
	íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôá áêüëïõèá âÞìáôá ùò <username>root</username>:</para>

      <procedure>
	<step>
	  <para>ÐñïóèÝóôå ìéá ãñáììÞ óôï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ìå ôï
	    üíïìá ôçò óõóêåõÞò üðùò öáßíåôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	    <filename>/dev</filename>, áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé Þäç.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Êáèïñßóôå üôé èá åêôåëåßôáé ç
	    <command>/usr/libexec/getty</command> óôçí èýñá, êáé åðéëÝîôå ôïí
	    êáôÜëëçëï ôýðï <replaceable>getty</replaceable> áðü ôï áñ÷åßï
	    <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Êáèïñßóôå ôïí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï ôýðï ôåñìáôéêïý.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÅíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôç èýñá èÝôïíôáò ôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç åðéëïãÞ óôï
	    <quote>on</quote>.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÅðéëÝîôå áí ç èýñá èá åßíáé áóöáëÞò ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	    <quote>secure</quote>.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÅîáíáãêÜóôå ôçí <command>init</command> íá äéáâÜóåé îáíÜ ôï
	    áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>.</para>
	</step>
      </procedure>

      <para>Ùò ðñïáéñåôéêü âÞìá, ìðïñåßôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï
	ôýðï <replaceable>getty</replaceable> ãéá íá ôïí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå óôï
	âÞìá 2, óôçí êáôá÷þñéóç ôïõ <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>.  Óôï
	êåöÜëáéï áõôü äåí èá óáò åîçãÞóïõìå ðùò ãßíåôáé áõôü.  Óáò ðñïôñÝðïõìå
	íá äéáâÜóåôå ôéò óåëßäåò manual ôïõ &man.gettytab.5; êáé
	&man.getty.8; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.</para>

      <sect3 id="term-etcttys">
	<title>ÐñïóèÝôïíôáò ìéá Êáôá÷þñéóç óôï
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename></title>

	<para>Ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé ìéá ëßóôá üëùí
	  ôùí èõñþí ôïõ &os; óõóôÞìáôïò óáò óôéò ïðïßåò èÝëåôå íá åðéôñÝðåôáé
	  ç åßóïäïò óôï óýóôçìá.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, õðÜñ÷åé ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óå
	  áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï ãéá ôçí ðñþôç åéêïíéêÞ êïíóüëá
	  <devicename>ttyv0</devicename>.  ÌÝóù áõôÞò ôçò êáôá÷þñéóçò,
	  ìðïñåßôå íá åéóÝëèåôå óôï óýóôçìá áðü ôçí êïíóüëá.  Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü
	  ðåñéÝ÷åé åðßóçò êáôá÷ùñßóåéò ãéá Üëëåò åéêïíéêÝò êïíóüëåò, óåéñéáêÝò
	  èýñåò êáé øåõäü-ôåñìáôéêÜ.  Ãéá êÜðïéï ôåñìáôéêü ðïõ åßíáé óõíäåìÝíï
	  áðåõèåßáò óå ìéá óåéñéáêÞ èýñá, ãñÜøôå áðëþò ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç ôçò
	  óåéñéáêÞò óõóêåõÞò üðùò öáßíåôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename>/dev</filename>, ÷ùñßò íá ãñÜøåôå êáé ôïí êáôÜëïãï
	  <filename>/dev</filename> (ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç óõóêåõÞ
	  <filename>/dev/ttyv0</filename> èá êáôá÷ùñéóèåß ùò
	  <devicename>ttyv0</devicename>).</para>

	<para>Ç ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ &os; ðåñéÝ÷åé Ýíá áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ôï ïðïßï õðïóôçñßæåé ôéò ðñþôåò
	  ôÝóóåñéò óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò: <devicename>ttyu0</devicename> ùò êáé
	  <devicename>ttyu3</devicename>.  Áí óõíäÝóåôå ôåñìáôéêü óå êÜðïéá
	  áðü áõôÝò ôéò èýñåò, äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå Üëëç
	  êáôá÷þñéóç.</para>

	<example id="ex-etc-ttys">
	  <title>ÐñïóèÞêç Êáôá÷ùñßóåùí ãéá ôá ÔåñìáôéêÜ óôï
	    <filename>/etc/ttys</filename></title>

	  <para>Áò õðïèÝóïõìå üôé èÝëïõìå íá óõíäÝóïõìå äýï ôåñìáôéêÜ óôï
	    óýóôçìá: Ýíá Wyse-50 êáé Ýíá ðáëéü IBM PC 286 óôï ïðïßï åêôåëïýìå
	    ôçí åöáñìïãÞ <application>Procomm</application> ìå ôçí ïðïßá
	    åîïìïéþíåôáé Ýíá ôåñìáôéêü ôýðïõ VT-100.  ÓõíäÝïõìå ôï Wyse óôç
	    äåýôåñç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá êáé ôï 286 óôçí Ýêôç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá (ç ïðïßá
	    âñßóêåôáé óå ìéá êÜñôá ðïëëáðëþí èõñþí).  Ïé áíôßóôïé÷åò
	    êáôá÷ùñßóåéò óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> èá ìïéÜæïõí
	    ìå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	  <programlisting>ttyu1<co
	      id="co-ttys-line1col1"/>  "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400"<co
	      id="co-ttys-line1col2"/>  wy50<co
	      id="co-ttys-line1col3"/>  on<co
	      id="co-ttys-line1col4"/>  insecure<co
	      id="co-ttys-line1col5"/>
ttyu5   "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200"  vt100  on  insecure
	  </programlisting>

	  <calloutlist>
	    <callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col1">
	      <para>Ôï ðñþôï ðåäßï, åßíáé óõíÞèùò ôï üíïìá ôïõ åéäéêïý áñ÷åßïõ
		ôåñìáôéêïý üðùò öáßíåôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï
		<filename>/dev</filename>.</para>
	    </callout>

	    <callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col2">
	      <para>Ôï äåýôåñï ðåäßï, åßíáé ç åíôïëÞ ðïõ èá åêôåëåóôåß ãéá
		áõôÞ ôç ãñáììÞ, ç ïðïßá åßíáé óõíÞèùò ç &man.getty.8;.
		Ç <command>getty</command> áñ÷éêïðïéåß êáé áíïßãåé ôç ãñáììÞ,
		ñõèìßæåé ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá, åìöáíßæåé ôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ãéá åéóáãùãÞ
		ïíüìáôïò ÷ñÞóôç, êáé åêôåëåß ôï ðñüãñáììá
		&man.login.1;.</para>

	      <para>Ôï ðñüãñáììá <command>getty</command> äÝ÷åôáé ìéá
		(ðñïáéñåôéêÞ) ðáñÜìåôñï óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëÞò ôïõ, ôïí ôýðï ôïõ
		<replaceable>getty</replaceable>.  Ï ôýðïò ôïõ
		<replaceable>getty</replaceable> êáèïñßæåé ôá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ
		ôçò ãñáììÞò ôïõ ôåñìáôéêïý, üðùò ð.÷. ôï ñõèìü ìåôÜäïóçò óå
		bps êáé ôçí éóïôéìßá (parity).  Ôï ðñüãñáììá
		<command>getty</command> äéáâÜæåé áõôÜ ôá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ áðü
		ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>.</para>

	      <para>Ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>
		ðåñéÝ÷åé ðïëëÝò êáôá÷ùñßóåéò ãéá ãñáììÝò ôåñìáôéêþí, ôüóï
		ðáëéÝò üóï êáé êáéíïýñéåò.  Óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü áõôÝò ôéò
		ðåñéðôþóåéò, ïé êáôá÷ùñßóåéò ðïõ îåêéíïýí ìå ôï êåßìåíï
		<literal>std</literal>, èá ëåéôïõñãÞóïõí ãéá áðåõèåßáò
		óõíäåäåìÝíá ôåñìáôéêÜ.  ÁõôÝò ïé êáôá÷ùñßóåéò áãíïïýí ôçí
		éóïôéìßá.  ÕðÜñ÷åé ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç <literal>std</literal> ãéá
		êÜèå ñõèìü ìåôÜäïóçò, áðü 110 ùò 115200.  ÖõóéêÜ, ìðïñåßôå
		íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôéò äéêÝò óáò êáôá÷ùñßóåéò óå áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï.
		Ç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.gettytab.5; ðåñéÝ÷åé ðåñéóóüôåñåò
		ðëçñïöïñßåò.</para>

	      <para>¼ôáí ñõèìßæåôå ôïí ôýðï ôçò
		<replaceable>getty</replaceable> óôï áñ÷åßï
		<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôáéñéÜæïõí
		ïé áíôßóôïé÷åò ñõèìßóåéò åðéêïéíùíéþí óôï ôåñìáôéêü
		óáò.</para>

	      <para>Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, ôï Wyse-50 äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß éóïôéìßá
		êáé óõíäÝåôáé óôá 38400&nbsp;bps.  Ôï 286&nbsp;PC äåí
		÷ñçóéìïðïéåß éóïôéìßá, êáé óõíäÝåôáé óôá
		19200&nbsp;bps.</para>
	    </callout>

	    <callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col3">
	      <para>Ôï ôñßôï ðåäßï åßíáé ï ôýðïò ôïõ ôåñìáôéêïý ðïõ
		óõíäÝåôáé óõíÞèùò óå áõôÞ ôç ãñáììÞ tty.  Ãéá èýñåò åðéëïãéêþí
		óõíäÝóåùí (dial-up), ç ôéìÞ áõôïý ôïõ ðåäßïõ óõ÷íÜ èá åßíáé
		<literal>unknown</literal> Þ <literal>dialup</literal>, êáèþò
		ïé ÷ñÞóôåò èá ìðïñïýí íá ðñáãìáôïðïéÞóïõí óýíäåóç ìå
		ïðïéïäÞðïôå ëïãéóìéêü Þ ôåñìáôéêü.  Ãéá Üìåóá óõíäåìÝíá
		ôåñìáôéêÜ, ï ôýðïò ôåñìáôéêïý äåí áëëÜæåé, Ýôóé ìðïñåßôå íá
		âÜëåôå Ýíá ðñáãìáôéêü ôýðï ôåñìáôéêïý óå áõôü ôï ðåäßï, ôïí
		ïðïßï èá âñåßôå óôç âÜóç äåäïìÝíùí ôïõ &man.termcap.5;.</para>

	      <para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ôï Wyse-50 ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôïí ðñáãìáôéêü
		ôýðï ôåñìáôéêïý ôïõ, åíþ ôï 286 PC ðïõ åêôåëåß ôï
		<application>Procomm</application>, Ý÷åé ñõèìéóôåß íá
		åîïìïéþíåé ôåñìáôéêü ôýðïõ VT-100.</para>
	    </callout>

	    <callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col4">
	      <para>Ôï ôÝôáñôï ðåäßï êáèïñßæåé áí ç èýñá èá åßíáé åíåñãÞ.
		Ôïðïèåôþíôáò åäþ ôç ëÝîç <literal>on</literal>,
		ç <command>init</command> èá îåêéíÞóåé ôï ðñüãñáììá ðïõ
		áíáöÝñåôáé óôï äåýôåñï ðåäßï, ôçí <command>getty</command>.
		Áí âÜëåôå <literal>off</literal> óå áõôü ôï ðåäßï, äåí èá
		åêôåëåóôåß ç <command>getty</command>, êáé Ýôóé äåí èá ìðïñåß
		íá ãßíåé åßóïäïò óôï óýóôçìá áðü ôç óõãêåêñéìÝíç èýñá.</para>
	    </callout>

	    <callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col5">
	      <para>Ôï ôåëåõôáßï ðåäßï ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá êáèïñßóåé áí
		ç èýñá åßíáé áóöáëÞò.  Áí ÷áñáêôçñßóåôå ìéá èýñá ùò áóöáëÞ,
		óçìáßíåé üôé ôçí åìðéóôåýåóôå áñêåôÜ þóôå íá åðéôñÝðåôå ôçí
		åßóïäï ôïõ <username>root</username> ìÝóù áõôÞò
		(Þ ïðïéïõäÞðïôå ëïãáñéáóìïý ìå ID 0).  Äåí åðéôñÝðåôáé ç
		åßóïäïò ôïõ <username>root</username> óå ìéá èýñá ðïõ Ý÷åé
		÷áñáêôçñéóôåß ìç-áóöáëÞò.  Óå ìç-áóöáëåßò èýñåò, ïé ÷ñÞóôåò
		ðñÝðåé íá åéóÝñ÷ïíôáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Ýíá óõíçèéóìÝíï
		ëïãáñéáóìü ÷ñÞóôç, êáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.su.1;
		Þ Üëëï áíôßóôïé÷ï ìç÷áíéóìü ãéá íá áðïêôÞóïõí ðñïíüìéá
		õðåñ÷ñÞóôç.</para>

	      <para>Óáò óõíéóôïýìå áíåðéöýëáêôá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç ñýèìéóç
		<quote>insecure</quote>, áêüìá êáé ãéá ôåñìáôéêÜ ðïõ
		âñßóêïíôáé óå êëåéäùìÝíá äùìÜôéá.  Åßíáé áñêåôÜ åýêïëï íá
		åéóÝëèåôå ùò êáíïíéêüò ÷ñÞóôçò êáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí
		åíôïëÞ <command>su</command> áí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå ðñïíüìéá
		õðåñ÷ñÞóôç.</para>
	    </callout>
	  </calloutlist>
	</example>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="term-hup">
	<title>ÅîáíáãêÜóôå ôçí <command>init</command> íá ÎáíáäéáâÜóåé ôï
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename></title>

	<para>¸÷ïíôáò êÜíåé ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò áëëáãÝò óôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, èá ðñÝðåé íá óôåßëåôå óÞìá SIGHUP
	  (hangup) óôçí äéåñãáóßá <command>init</command> ãéá íá ôçí
	  áíáãêÜóåôå íá äéáâÜóåé îáíÜ ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôçò.  Ãéá
	  ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP 1</userinput></screen>

	<note>
	  <para>Ç <command>init</command> åßíáé ðÜíôïôå ç ðñþôç äéåñãáóßá ðïõ
	    åêôåëåßôáé óå Ýíá óýóôçìá, êáé Ýôóé èá Ý÷åé ðÜíôïôå ôïí
	    áñéèìü äéåñãáóßáò (PID) 1.</para>
	</note>

	<para>Áí üëåò ïé ñõèìßóåéò åßíáé óùóôÝò, ôá êáëþäéá åßíáé óôç èÝóç
	  ôïõò, êáé ôá ôåñìáôéêÜ åßíáé åíåñãÜ, èá åêôåëåóôåß ç
	  <command>getty</command> óå êÜèå ôåñìáôéêü, êáé óôï óçìåßï áõôü
	  èá äåßôå ôçí ðñïôñïðÞ åéóüäïõ (login) óôéò ïèüíåò ôùí ôåñìáôéêþí
	  óáò.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="term-debug">
      <title>Áíôéìåôþðéóç ÐñïâëçìÜôùí Óýíäåóçò</title>

      <para>Áêüìá êáé áí äþóåôå ìåãÜëç ðñïóï÷Þ óôéò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò, ðÜíôá
	ìðïñåß íá ðÜåé êÜôé óôñáâÜ üôáí ñõèìßæåôå Ýíá ôåñìáôéêü.  Åäþ èá
	âñåßôå ìéá ëßóôá áðü óõìðôþìáôá êáé óõíéóôþìåíåò äéïñèþóåéò.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>Äåí Åìöáíßæåôáé ÐñïôñïðÞ Åéóüäïõ (login)</title>

	<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï ôåñìáôéêü åßíáé óõíäåìÝíï óôï çëåêôñéêü
	  äßêôõï êáé åíåñãïðïéçìÝíï.  Áí åßíáé ðñïóùðéêüò õðïëïãéóôÞò ðïõ
	  åíåñãåß ùò ôåñìáôéêü, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé åêôåëåß ëïãéóìéêü åîïìïßùóçò
	  ôåñìáôéêïý óôçí óùóôÞ óåéñéáêÞ èýñá.</para>

	<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï êáëþäéï åßíáé êáëÜ óõíäåìÝíï ôüóï óôï
	  ôåñìáôéêü, üóï êáé óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ ðïõ åêôåëåß &os;.  Âåâáéùèåßôå
	  üôé åßíáé ôï óùóôü åßäïò êáëùäßïõ.</para>

	<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï ôåñìáôéêü êáé ôï &os; óõìöùíïýí üóï áöïñÜ
	  ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôçò ôá÷ýôçôáò ìåôÜäïóçò êáé éóïôéìßáò.  ÅëÝãîôå
	  ôç öùôåéíüôçôá êáé ôçí áíôßèåóç ôçò ïèüíçò ôïõ ôåñìáôéêïý, êáé
	  áõîÞóôå ôéò áí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé.  Áí ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôåñìáôéêü ìå åêôõðùôÞ
	  (÷ùñßò ïèüíç), âåâáéùèåßôå üôé äéáèÝôåé åðÜñêåéá ÷áñôéïý êáé
	  ìåëáíéïý.</para>

	<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé åêôåëåßôáé ç äéáäéêáóßá <command>getty</command>
	  ðïõ åîõðçñåôåß ôï ôåñìáôéêü.  Ãéá íá äåßôå ìéá ëßóôá
	  ìå ôéò åíåñãÝò äéáäéêáóßåò <command>getty</command>, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
	  ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>ps</command>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ps -axww|grep getty</userinput></screen>

	<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá äåßôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç ãéá ôï ôåñìáôéêü óáò.  Ãéá
	  ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç áêüëïõèç ïèüíç äåß÷íåé üôé ç äéåñãáóßá
	  <command>getty</command> åêôåëåßôå óôç äåýôåñç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá
	  <devicename>ttyu1</devicename> êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç
	  <literal>std.38400</literal> óôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>:</para>

	<screen>22189  d1  Is+    0:00.03 /usr/libexec/getty std.38400 ttyu1</screen>

	<para>Áí äåí åêôåëåßôáé êáìéÜ äéåñãáóßá <command>getty</command>,
	  âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå åíåñãïðïéÞóåé ôç èýñá óôï
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>.  Åðßóçò èõìçèåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå
	  ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>kill -HUP 1</command> ìåôÜ ôçí ôñïðïðïßçóç
	  ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ <filename>ttys</filename>.</para>

	<para>Áí åêôåëåßôáé ç äéåñãáóßá <command>getty</command> áëëÜ ôï
	  ôåñìáôéêü åîáêïëïõèåß íá ìç äåß÷íåé ðñïôñïðÞ åéóüäïõ, Þ áí äåß÷íåé
	  ðñïôñïðÞ áëëÜ äåí óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ãñÜøåôå, ßóùò ôï ôåñìáôéêü óáò
	  Þ ôï êáëþäéï íá ìçí åðéôñÝðïõí óõíåííüçóç ìÝóù õëéêïý (hardware
	  handshake).  ÄïêéìÜóôå íá áëëÜîåôå ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç óôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> áðü
	  <literal>std.38400</literal> óå
	  <literal>3wire.38400</literal> (èõìçèåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	  <command>kill -HUP 1</command> ìåôÜ ôçí ôñïðïðïßçóç ôïõ
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>).  Ç êáôá÷þñéóç
	  <literal>3wire</literal> åßíáé áíôßóôïé÷ç ìå ôçí
	  <literal>std</literal>, áëëÜ áãíïåß ôï hardware
	  handshaking.  Ìðïñåß åðßóçò íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ìåéþóåôå ôï ñõèìü
	  óçìáôïäïóßáò (baud) êáé íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôïí Ýëåã÷ï ñïÞò ìÝóù
	  ëïãéóìéêïý üôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï <literal>3wire</literal>,
	  ðñïêåéìÝíïõ íá áðïöýãåôå õðåñ÷åßëéóç ôçò ðñïóùñéíÞò ìíÞìçò (buffer
	  overflow).</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Áí ÂëÝðåôå Óêïõðßäéá Áíôß ãéá ÐñïôñïðÞ Åéóüäïõ</title>

	<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï ôåñìáôéêü êáé ôï &os; óõìöùíïýí óôï ñõèìü
	  bps êáé óôéò ñõèìßóåéò éóïôéìßáò.  ÅëÝãîôå ôéò äéåñãáóßåò
	  <command>getty</command> ãéá íá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé åêôåëåßôå ôï óùóôü
	  ôýðï <replaceable>getty</replaceable>.  Áí áõôü äåí óõìâáßíåé,
	  åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> êáé
	  åêôåëÝóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>kill -HUP 1</command>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ïé ×áñáêôÞñåò Åìöáíßæïíôáé Äéðëïß, ôï Password Åìöáíßæåôáé
	  êáôÜ ôçí Ðëçêôñïëüãçóç</title>

	<para>ÁëëÜîôå ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ ôåñìáôéêïý (Þ ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò åîïìïßùóçò
	  ôåñìáôéêïý) áðü <quote>half duplex</quote> Þ
	  <quote>local echo</quote> óå <quote>full duplex</quote>.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="dialup">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Guy</firstname>
	  <surname>Helmer</surname>
	  <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Sean</firstname>
	  <surname>Kelly</surname>
	  <contrib>ÐñïóèÞêåò áðü ôïí </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>Õðçñåóßá Åéóüäïõ ìÝóù ÅðéëïãéêÞò Óýíäåóçò (dial-in)</title>

    <warning>
      <para>Áðü ôï &os;&nbsp;8.0 êáé ìåôÜ, ôá áñ÷åßá óõóêåõþí ôùí óåéñéáêþí
	èõñþí ìåôïíïìÜóôçêáí áðü
	<filename>/dev/cuad<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
	<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> êáé áðü
	<filename>/dev/ttyd<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
	<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.
	Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &os;&nbsp;7.X èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñìüóïõí ôçí ðáñáêÜôù
	ôåêìçñßùóç óýìöùíá ìå ôéò ðáñáðÜíù áëëáãÝò.</para>
    </warning>

    <indexterm><primary>dial-in service</primary></indexterm>

    <para>Ç ñýèìéóç ôïõ &os; óõóôÞìáôïò óáò ãéá åßóïäï ìÝóù åðéëïãéêÞò
      óýíäåóçò, åßíáé áñêåôÜ üìïéá ìå ôç óýíäåóç ôåñìáôéêþí, åêôüò áðü ôï
      ãåãïíüò üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé modems áíôß ãéá ôåñìáôéêÜ.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÅîùôåñéêÜ êáé ÅóùôåñéêÜ Modems</title>

      <para>Ôá åîùôåñéêÜ modems åßíáé ìÜëëïí ðéï âïëéêÜ ãéá åðéëïãéêÝò
	êëÞóåéò, êáèþò ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõò ìðïñïýí íá
	áðïèçêåõèïýí ìüíéìá óôç ìÞ-ðôçôéêÞ ìíÞìç RAM ðïõ äéáèÝôïõí.
	Ôá åîùôåñéêÜ modems äéáèÝôïõí óõíÞèùò öùôåéíÝò åíäåßîåéò ðïõ
	äåß÷íïõí ôçí êáôÜóôáóç óçìáíôéêþí óçìÜôùí ôïõ RS-232.  ºóùò ôá
	öùôÜêéá ðïõ áíáâïóâÞíïõí íá åíôõðùóéÜæïõí ôïõò åðéóêÝðôåò, áëëÜ
	åßíáé åðßóçò ÷ñÞóéìá ãéá íá öáßíåôáé ðüôå ôï modem ëåéôïõñãåß
	óùóôÜ.</para>

      <para>Ôá åóùôåñéêÜ modems óõíÞèùò äåí äéáèÝôïõí áõôÞ ôç ìíÞìç RAM,
	êáé Ýôóé ïé ñõèìßóåéò ôïõò ðåñéïñßæïíôáé ìüíï óôçí áëëáãÞ èÝóçò
	óå êÜðïéïõò äéáêüðôåò ñõèìßóåùí (DIP switches).  Áí ôï åóùôåñéêü óáò
	modem äéáèÝôåé öùôåéíÝò åíäåßîåéò, ìÜëëïí èá åßíáé äýóêïëï íá ôéò
	äåßôå üôáí ôï êÜëõììá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò åßíáé óôç èÝóç ôïõ.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>Modems êáé Êáëþäéá</title>
	<indexterm><primary>modem</primary></indexterm>

	<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå åîùôåñéêü modem, èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå öõóéêÜ ôï
	  óùóôü êáëþäéï.  ÓõíÞèùò åðáñêåß ôï ôõðïðïéçìÝíï êáëþäéï RS-232C,
	  åöüóïí äéáèÝôåé óõíäÝóåéò ãéá üëá ôá óõíçèéóìÝíá
	  óÞìáôá:</para>

	<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="serialcomms-signal-names">
	  <title>Ïíïìáóßåò ÓçìÜôùí</title>

	  <tgroup cols="2">
	    <thead>
	      <row>
		<entry align="left">Áêñùíýìéá</entry>
		<entry align="left">Ïíüìáôá</entry>
	      </row>
	    </thead>

	    <tbody>
	      <row>
		<entry><acronym>RD</acronym></entry>
		<entry>ËÞøç ÄåäïìÝíùí (Received Data)</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><acronym>TD</acronym></entry>
		<entry>ÁðïóôïëÞ ÄåäïìÝíùí (Transmitted Data)</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><acronym>DTR</acronym></entry>
		<entry>Ôåñìáôéêü ÄåäïìÝíùí óå Åôïéìüôçôá (Data Terminal
		  Ready)</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><acronym>DSR</acronym></entry>
		<entry>Óýíïëï ÄåäïìÝíùí óå Åôïéìüôçôá (Data Set
		  Ready)</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><acronym>DCD</acronym></entry>
		<entry>Áíß÷íåõóç ÖÝñïíôïò ÓÞìáôïò (Data Carrier Detect).
		  Áíß÷íåõóç óýíäåóçò ôçò ãñáììÞò RS-232C</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><acronym>SG</acronym></entry>
		<entry>Ãåßùóç ÓÞìáôïò (Signal Ground)</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><acronym>RTS</acronym></entry>
		<entry>Áßôçóç ÁðïóôïëÞò (Request to Send)</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><acronym>CTS</acronym></entry>
		<entry>Åôïéìüôçôá ãéá ÁðïóôïëÞ (Clear to Send)</entry>
	      </row>
	    </tbody>
	  </tgroup>
	</table>

	<para>Ôï &os; ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôá óÞìáôá <acronym>RTS</acronym> êáé
	  <acronym>CTS</acronym> ãéá Ýëåã÷ï ñïÞò óå ôá÷ýôçôåò ðÜíù áðü
	  2400&nbsp;bps, ôï óÞìá <acronym>CD</acronym> ãéá íá áíé÷íåýåé ðüôå
	  Ý÷åé áðáíôçèåß ìéá êëÞóç Þ ðüôå ç ãñáììÞ Ý÷åé êëåßóåé, êáé ôï óÞìá
	  <acronym>DTR</acronym> ãéá íá åðáíáöÝñåé ôï modem óôçí áñ÷éêÞ ôïõ
	  êáôÜóôáóç ìåôÜ ôç ëÞîç ìéáò óýíäåóçò.  ÌåñéêÜ êáëþäéá äåí äéáèÝôïõí
	  üëá ôá áðáñáßôçôá óÞìáôá, Ýôóé áí Ý÷åôå ðñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôïí
	  ôåñìáôéóìü ôçò óõíåäñßáò åéóüäïõ ìå ôï êëåßóéìï ôçò ãñáììÞò, ðéèáíüí
	  íá åõèýíåôáé ôï êáëþäéï ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå.</para>

	<para>¼ðùò êáé Üëëá ëåéôïõñãéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá ôýðïõ &unix;, ôï &os;
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôá óÞìáôá ôïõ õëéêïý ãéá íá áíôéëçöèåß ðüôå Ý÷åé
	  áðáíôçèåß ìéá êëÞóç, êáèþò êáé ãéá ôïí ôåñìáôéóìü ôçò êáé ôçí
	  åðáíáöïñÜ ôïõ modem óôçí áñ÷éêÞ ôïõ êáôÜóôáóç ìåôÜ ôï ôÝëïò ôçò.
	  Ôï &os; áðïöåýãåé íá óôÝëíåé åíôïëÝò óôï modem Þ íá ðáñáêïëïõèåß
	  áíáöïñÝò êáôÜóôáóçò áðü áõôü.  Áí åßóôå åîïéêåéùìÝíïò ìå óõíäÝóåéò
	  modems óå BBS (Bulletin Board Systems) ðïõ âáóßæïíôáé óå PC, áõôü
	  ìðïñåß íá óáò öáíåß Üâïëï.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Êõêëþìáôá ÓåéñéáêÞò Äéáóýíäåóçò</title>

      <para>Ôï &os; õðïóôçñßæåé ôá êõêëþìáôá åðéêïéíùíéþí ðïõ âáóßæïíôáé
	óôá NS8250, NS16450, NS16550, êáé NS16550A êáé EIA RS-232C
	(CCITT V.24).  Ïé óõóêåõÝò 8250 êáé 16450 Ý÷ïõí åíäéÜìåóç ìíÞìç
	(buffer) ìåãÝèïõò åíüò ÷áñáêôÞñá.  Ç óõóêåõÞ 16550 äéáèÝôåé
	åíäéÜìåóç ìíÞìç 16 ÷áñáêôÞñùí, ç ïðïßá åðéôñÝðåé ôçí êáëýôåñç
	áðüäïóç ôçò.  (Ëüãù ðñïâëçìÜôùí óôç ó÷åäßáóç ôïõ 16550, äåí åßíáé
	äõíáôÞ ç ÷ñÞóç áõôÞò ôçò ìíÞìçò, áí åßíáé äõíáôüí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
	ôá 16550Á).  Êáèþò ïé óõóêåõÝò ðïõ äéáèÝôïõí åíäéÜìåóç ìíÞìç åíüò
	÷áñáêôÞñá áðáéôïýí ðåñéóóüôåñç åñãáóßá áðü ôï ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá
	óå ó÷Ýóç ìå áõôÝò ðïõ äéáèÝôïõí 16 ÷áñáêôÞñåò, óõíßóôáíôáé éäéáßôåñá
	ïé óõóêåõÝò ðïõ âáóßæïíôáé óôï 16550Á.  Áí ôï óýóôçìá óáò Ý÷åé ðïëëÝò
	åíåñãÝò óåéñéáêÝò ðüñôåò, Þ ðñüêåéôáé íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé êÜôù áðü
	âáñý öüñôï, ïé êÜñôåò ðïõ âáóßæïíôáé óôï 16550A åßíáé êáëýôåñåò,
	êáèþò ðáñÝ÷ïõí åðéêïéíùíßá ìå ìéêñüôåñï ñõèìü óöáëìÜôùí.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ÃñÞãïñç Åðéóêüðçóç</title>

      <indexterm><primary>getty</primary></indexterm>
      <para>¼ðùò êáé ìå ôá ôåñìáôéêÜ, ç <command>init</command> åêôåëåß ìéá
	äéåñãáóßá <command>getty</command> ãéá êÜèå óåéñéáêÞ èýñá ðïõ Ý÷åé
	ñõèìéóôåß ãéá åéóåñ÷üìåíåò åðéëïãéêÝò óõíäÝóåéò.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí
	Ý÷åôå óõíäÝóåé Ýíá modem óôç èýñá <filename>/etc/ttyu0</filename>,
	ç åíôïëÞ <command>ps ax</command> èá äåßîåé êÜôé óáí ôï
	ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

      <screen> 4850 ??  I      0:00.09 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyu0</screen>

      <para>¼ôáí êÜðïéïò ÷ñÞóôçò êáëÝóåé óôç ãñáììÞ áõôÞ êáé ôï modem
	óõíäåèåß, åíåñãïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï modem ç ãñáììÞ <acronym>CD</acronym>.
	Ï ðõñÞíáò ðáñáôçñåß üôé Ý÷åé áíé÷íåõèåß öÝñïí óÞìá, êáé ïëïêëçñþíåé
	ôç äéáäéêáóßá áíïßãìáôïò ôçò èýñáò áðü ôï modem.
	To <command>getty</command> óôÝëíåé ìéá ðñïôñïðÞ
	<prompt>login:</prompt> óôçí áðü ðñéí êáèïñéóìÝíç áñ÷éêÞ ôá÷ýôçôá ôçò
	èýñáò.  Ôï <command>getty</command> ðáñáêïëïõèåß ãéá íá äåé áí
	ëáìâÜíïíôáé Ýãêõñïé ÷áñáêôÞñåò, êáé óôçí ôõðéêÞ ñýèìéóç, áí áíáêáëýøåé
	üôé ëáìâÜíåé óêïõðßäéá (ðéèáíþò ëüãù äéáöïñÜò óôçí ôá÷ýôçôá óýíäåóçò
	ôïõ modem óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá ôïõ <command>getty</command>),
	ðñïóðáèåß íá ñõèìßóåé ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá ôçò ãñáììÞò ìÝ÷ñé íá ëÜâåé
	öõóéïëïãéêïýò ÷áñáêôÞñåò.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><command>/usr/bin/login</command></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>Áöïý ï ÷ñÞóôçò åéóÜãåé ôïí êùäéêü ôïõ, ôï <command>getty</command>
	åêôåëåß ôï <filename>/usr/bin/login</filename>, ôï ïðïßï êáé
	ïëïêëçñþíåé ôç äéáäéêáóßá åéóüäïõ, æçôþíôáò áðü ôïí ÷ñÞóôç ôïí êùäéêü
	ôïõ, êáé îåêéíþíôáò Ýðåéôá ôï êÝëõöïò ôïõ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Áñ÷åßá Ñõèìßóåùí</title>

      <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ôñßá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí óõóôÞìáôïò óôïí êáôÜëïãï
	<filename>/etc</filename>, ôá ïðïßá ðéèáíþò èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
	åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ãéá íá åðéôñÝøåôå ôçí åßóïäï ìÝóù åðéëïãéêÞò óýíäåóçò
	óôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò.  Ôï ðñþôï áñ÷åßï åßíáé ôï
	<filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>, ôï ïðïßï ðåñéÝ÷åé ðëçñïöïñßåò
	ñýèìéóçò ãéá ôïí äáßìïíá <filename>/usr/libexec/getty</filename>
	Ôï äåýôåñï áñ÷åßï åßíáé ôï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ôï ïðïßï
	ðåñéÝ÷åé ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ ãíùóôïðïéïýí óôçí
	<filename>/sbin/init</filename> óå ðïéåò óõóêåõÝò
	<filename>tty</filename> èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëïýíôáé äéåñãáóßåò
	<command>getty</command>.  ÔÝëïò, ìðïñåßôå íá âÜëåôå åíôïëÝò
	áñ÷éêïðïßçóçò ôçò èýñáò óôï script
	<filename>/etc/rc.d/serial</filename>.</para>

      <para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï <quote>ó÷ïëÝò</quote> üóï áöïñÜ ôç ÷ñÞóç modems ãéá
	åßóïäï óå Ýíá óýóôçìá &unix;.  Ç ðñþôç, ðñïôéìÜ íá ñõèìßæåé ôá modems
	êáé ôá óõóôÞìáôá ìå ôÝôïéï ôñüðï, þóôå Üó÷åôá ìå ôé ôá÷ýôçôá
	óõíäÝåôáé ï áðïìáêñõóìÝíïò ÷ñÞóôçò, ç ôïðéêÞ óýíäåóç õðïëïãéóôÞ
	&mdash; modem ìÝóù ôïõ RS-232C íá Ý÷åé ðÜíôá ôçí ßäéá êëåéäùìÝíç
	ôá÷ýôçôá.  Ôï üöåëïò ìéáò ôÝôïéáò ñýèìéóçò åßíáé üôé ï áðïìáêñõóìÝíïò
	÷ñÞóôçò âëÝðåé ðÜíôá Üìåóá ôçí ðñïôñïðÞ åéóüäïõ.  Ôï ìåéïíÝêôçìá,
	åßíáé üôé ôï óýóôçìá äåí ãíùñßæåé ôçí ðñáãìáôéêÞ ôá÷ýôçôá óýíäåóçò
	ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç, êáé Ýôóé ðñïãñÜììáôá ðëÞñïõò ïèüíçò üðùò ôï
	<application>Emacs</application>, äåí ãíùñßæïõí ðùò íá ñõèìßóïõí ôçí
	ôá÷ýôçôá áíáíÝùóçò ôçò ïèüíçò ôïõò þóôå íá áíôéìåôùðßóïõí êáëýôåñá
	ôéò áñãÝò óõíäÝóåéò.</para>

      <para>Ç Üëëç ó÷ïëÞ ñõèìßæåé ôç äéåðáöÞ RS-232 ôïõ modem íá áëëÜæåé
	ôá÷ýôçôá, þóôå íá áêïëïõèåß ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá óýíäåóçò ôïõ áðïìáêñõóìÝíïõ
	÷ñÞóôç.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, óõíäÝóåéò ôýðïõ V.32bis (14.4&nbsp;Kbps) óôï
	modem, ìðïñåß íá ôï êÜíïõí íá ìåôáâÜëëåé ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá óýíäåóçò óôï
	RS-232 óå 19.2&nbsp;Kbps, åíþ óõíäÝóåéò ôá÷ýôçôáò 2400&nbsp;bps èá
	ìåôáâÜëëïõí áíôßóôïé÷á ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá ôçò äéåðáöÞò óå 2400&nbsp;bps.
	ÅðåéäÞ ç <command>getty</command> äåí áíáãíùñßæåé ìå êÜðïéï ôñüðï
	ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá óýíäåóçò ðïõ áíáöÝñåé ôï modem, äßíåé ôçí ðñþôç ðñïôñïðÞ
	<prompt>login:</prompt> óôçí áñ÷éêÜ ñõèìéóìÝíç ôá÷ýôçôá, êáé åîåôÜæåé
	ôïõò ÷áñáêôÞñåò ðïõ ëáìâÜíåé ùò áðÜíôçóç.  Áí ï ÷ñÞóôçò äåé óêïõðßäéá,
	èåùñåßôáé üôé ãíùñßæåé üôé ðñÝðåé íá ðéÝóåé ôï <keycap>Enter</keycap>
	ìÝ÷ñé íá ðÜñåé ìéá ðñïôñïðÞ ðïõ ìðïñåß íá áíáãíùñßóåé.  Áí ïé ñõèìïß
	äåäïìÝíùí äåí ôáéñéÜæïõí, ç <command>getty</command> âëÝðåé ïôéäÞðïôå
	ãñÜöåé ï ÷ñÞóôçò ùò <quote>óêïõðßäéá</quote>, êáé Ýôóé äïêéìÜæåé ôçí
	åðüìåíç ôá÷ýôçôá êáé óôÝëíåé îáíÜ ôçí ðñïôñïðÞ
	<prompt>login:</prompt>.  Ç äéáäéêáóßá ìðïñåß íá åðáíáëçöèåß üóåò
	öïñÝò ÷ñåéÜæåôáé, áëëÜ óõíÞèùò ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé ìüíï ìéá-äõï ðñïóðÜèåéåò
	ìÝ÷ñé ï ÷ñÞóôçò íá ëÜâåé êáíïíéêÞ ðñïôñïðÞ.  Ðñïöáíþò áõôÞ ç áêïëïõèßá
	åéóüäïõ äåí åßíáé ôüóï êáèáñÞ üðùò ç ðñïçãïýìåíç ìÝèïäïò
	<quote>êëåéäùìÝíçò ôá÷ýôçôáò</quote>, áëëÜ êÜðïéïò ÷ñÞóôçò ðïõ
	âñßóêåôáé óå ãñáììÞ ÷áìçëÞò ôá÷ýôçôáò, ìÜëëïí èá ëÜâåé êáëýôåñç
	áðüêñéóç óå åöáñìïãÝò ðëÞñïõò ïèüíçò.</para>

      <para>Óå áõôÞ ôçí åíüôçôá èá ðñïóðáèÞóïõìå íá óáò äþóïõìå ðëçñïöïñßåò
	êáé ãéá ôïõò äýï ôýðïõò ñõèìßóåùí, áëëÜ èåùñïýìå êáëýôåñï ôï åßäïò
	óýíäåóçò üðïõ ç ôá÷ýôçôá õðïëïãéóôÞ &mdash; modem áêïëïõèåß ôçí
	ôá÷ýôçôá ôçò óýíäåóçò.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>/etc/gettytab</filename></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><filename>/etc/gettytab</filename></primary>
	</indexterm>
	<para>Ôï <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename> åßíáé Ýíá áñ÷åßï ôýðïõ
	  &man.termcap.5; ìå ðëçñïöïñßåò ñýèìéóçò ãéá ôçí &man.getty.8;.
	  Ðáñáêáëïýìå äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual &man.gettytab.5; ãéá ðéï ðëÞñåéò
	  ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç ìïñöÞ ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ êáé ôçí ëßóôá ìå ôéò
	  äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ.</para>

	<sect4>
	  <title>Ñýèìéóç ãéá ÊëåéäùìÝíç Ôá÷ýôçôá</title>

	  <para>Áí ðñüêåéôáé íá êëåéäþóåôå ôçí åðéêïéíùíßá ôïõ modem
	    óáò óå ìéá óõãêåêñéìÝíç ôá÷ýôçôá, êáôÜ ðÜóá ðéèáíüôçôá äåí èá
	    ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êÜíåôå áëëáãÝò óôï
	    <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4>
	  <title>Ñýèìéóç ãéá ÌåôáâëçôÞ Ôá÷ýôçôá</title>

	  <para>èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óôï
	    <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename> ãéá íá äþóåôå ðëçñïöïñßåò óôçí
	    <command>getty</command> ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôéò ôá÷ýôçôåò ðïõ åðéèõìåßôå
	    íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå óôï modem óáò.  Áí Ý÷åôå Ýíá modem
	    2400&nbsp;bps, ìðïñåßôå ðéèáíüí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
	    ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç <literal>D2400</literal>.</para>

	  <programlisting>#
# Fast dialup terminals, 2400/1200/300 rotary (can start either way)
#
D2400|d2400|Fast-Dial-2400:\
        :nx=D1200:tc=2400-baud:
3|D1200|Fast-Dial-1200:\
        :nx=D300:tc=1200-baud:
5|D300|Fast-Dial-300:\
        :nx=D2400:tc=300-baud:</programlisting>

	  <para>Áí Ý÷åôå modem õøçëüôåñçò ôá÷ýôçôáò, ðéèáíüí íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
	    ðñïóèÝóåôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óôï <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>.
	    ÐáñáêÜôù öáßíåôáé ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá
	    modem 14.4&nbsp;Kbps ìå ìÝãéóôç ôá÷ýôçôá óåéñéáêÞò èýñáò
	    19.2&nbsp;Kbps:</para>

	  <programlisting>#
# Additions for a V.32bis Modem
#
um|V300|High Speed Modem at 300,8-bit:\
        :nx=V19200:tc=std.300:
un|V1200|High Speed Modem at 1200,8-bit:\
        :nx=V300:tc=std.1200:
uo|V2400|High Speed Modem at 2400,8-bit:\
        :nx=V1200:tc=std.2400:
up|V9600|High Speed Modem at 9600,8-bit:\
        :nx=V2400:tc=std.9600:
uq|V19200|High Speed Modem at 19200,8-bit:\
        :nx=V9600:tc=std.19200:</programlisting>

	  <para>Áõôü èá Ý÷åé ùò áðïôÝëåóìá óõíäÝóåéò 8bit ÷ùñßò
	    éóïôéìßá.</para>

	  <para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá, îåêéíÜ ôï ñõèìü åðéêïéíùíßáò óôá
	    19.2&nbsp;Kbps (ãéá ìéá óýíäåóç V.32bis), êáé Ýðåéôá äïêéìÜæåé
	    êõêëéêÜ óôá 9600&nbsp;bps (ãéá V.32), 2400&nbsp;bps,
	    1200&nbsp;bps, 300&nbsp;bps, êáé ðßóù óôá 19.2&nbsp;Kbps.
	    ÁõôÞ ç êõêëéêÞ åíáëëáãÞ ñõèìïý åðéôõã÷Üíåôáé ìå ôçí éêáíüôçôá
	    <literal>nx=</literal> (<quote>next table</quote>).  ÊÜèå ìéá
	    áðü ôéò ãñáììÝò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç
	    <literal>tc=</literal> (<quote>table continuation</quote>)
	    ãéá íá âñåé ôéò õðüëïéðåò <quote>ôõðïðïéçìÝíåò</quote> ñõèìßóåéò
	    ãéá êÜðïéï óõãêåêñéìÝíï ñõèìü ìåôÜäïóçò äåäïìÝíùí.</para>

	  <para>Áí Ý÷åôå modem 28.8&nbsp;Kbps Þ/êáé èÝëåôå íá åðùöåëçèåßôå
	    áðü ôçí óõìðßåóç åíüò modem 14.4&nbsp;Kbps, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	    ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ñõèìü åðéêïéíùíßáò ìåãáëýôåñï áðü 19.2&nbsp;Kbps.
	    ÐáñáêÜôù öáßíåôáé Ýíá ðáñÜäåéãìá ìéá êáôá÷þñéóçò óôï
	    <filename>gettytab</filename> ðïõ îåêéíÜåé áðü ôá
	    57.6&nbsp;Kbps:</para>

	  <programlisting>#
# Additions for a V.32bis or V.34 Modem
# Starting at 57.6 Kbps
#
vm|VH300|Very High Speed Modem at 300,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH57600:tc=std.300:
vn|VH1200|Very High Speed Modem at 1200,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH300:tc=std.1200:
vo|VH2400|Very High Speed Modem at 2400,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH1200:tc=std.2400:
vp|VH9600|Very High Speed Modem at 9600,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH2400:tc=std.9600:
vq|VH57600|Very High Speed Modem at 57600,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH9600:tc=std.57600:</programlisting>

	  <para>Áí Ý÷åôå áñãü åðåîåñãáóôÞ Þ ìåãÜëï öïñôßï, êáé ôï óýóôçìá
	    óáò äåí äéáèÝôåé óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò ðïõ íá âáóßæïíôáé óôï 16550Á,
	    ßóùò ëÜâåôå ëÜèç <errorname>sio</errorname>
	    <quote>silo</quote> óôá 57.6&nbsp;Kbps.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="dialup-ttys">
	<title><filename>/etc/ttys</filename></title>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary><filename>/etc/ttys</filename></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>¸÷ïõìå Þäç êáëýøåé ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> óôï <xref linkend="ex-etc-ttys"/>.
	  Ç ñýèìéóç ãéá modems åßíáé ðáñüìïéá, áëëÜ ðñÝðåé íá äþóïõìå
	  äéáöïñåôéêü üñéóìá óôçí <command>getty</command> êáé íá êáèïñßóïõìå
	  äéáöïñåôéêü ôýðï ôåñìáôéêïý.  Ç ãåíéêÞ ìïñöÞ ôüóï ãéá êëåéäùìÝíç
	  üóï êáé ãéá ìåôáâëçôÞ ôá÷ýôçôá åßíáé ç ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	<programlisting>ttyu0   "/usr/libexec/getty <replaceable>xxx</replaceable>"   dialup on</programlisting>

	<para>Ôï ðñþôï ðåäßï óôçí ðáñáðÜíù ãñáììÞ åßíáé ôï åéäéêü áñ÷åßï
	  óõóêåõÞò ãéá áõôÞ ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç &mdash; ôï
	  <devicename>ttyu0</devicename> áíôéóôïé÷åß óôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/dev/ttyu0</filename> ôï ïðïßï êáé èá ðáñáêïëïõèåß ç
	  <command>getty</command>.  Ôï äåýôåñï ðåäßï,
	  <literal>"/usr/libexec/getty
	    <replaceable>xxx</replaceable>"</literal>
	  (ôï <replaceable>xxx</replaceable> èá Ý÷åé ôçí áñ÷éêÞ ôéìÞ
	  éêáíüôçôáò ôïõ <filename>gettytab</filename>), åßíáé ç äéåñãáóßá ðïõ
	  èá åêôåëÝóåé ç <command>init</command> óôç óõóêåõÞ.  Ôï ôñßôï ðåäßï,
	  <literal>dialup</literal>, åßíáé ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò ôýðïò ôåñìáôéêïý.
	  Ç ôÝôáñôç ðáñÜìåôñïò, <literal>on</literal>, äåß÷íåé óôçí
	  <command>init</command> üôé ç ãñáììÞ åßíáé óå ëåéôïõñãéêÞ
	  êáôÜóôáóç.  Ìðïñåß íá õðÜñ÷åé êáé ìéá ðÝìðôç ðáñÜìåôñïò, ç
	  <literal>secure</literal>, áëëÜ èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ìüíï
	  ãéá ôåñìáôéêÜ óôá ïðïßá ç öõóéêÞ ðñüóâáóç åßíáé áóöáëÞò (üðùò åßíáé
	  ç êïíóüëá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò).</para>

	<para>Ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò ôýðïò ôåñìáôéêïý (<literal>dialup</literal> óôï
	  ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá) ìðïñåß íá áëëÜîåé áíÜëïãá ìå ôéò ðñïôéìÞóåéò
	  óáò.  Ôï <literal>dialup</literal> åßíáé ï ðáñáäïóéáêüò ôýðïò
	  ôåñìáôéêïý ãéá åðéëïãéêÝò ãñáììÝò.  Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ìðïñïýí Ýôóé íá
	  ðñïóáñìüæïõí ôá scripts óýíäåóçò ôïõò þóôå íá áíáãíùñßæïõí ôï
	  <literal>dialup</literal> êáé íá ñõèìßæïõí áõôüìáôá ôïí ôýðï
	  ôåñìáôéêïý.  Ùóôüóï, åßíáé ìÜëëïí åõêïëüôåñï íá êáèïñßóåôå ôï
	  <literal>vt102</literal> ùò ôïí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï ôýðï ôåñìáôéêïý,
	  êáèþò ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí óõíÞèùò åîïìïßùóç VT102 óôá
	  áðïìáêñõóìÝíá ôïõò óõóôÞìáôá.</para>

	<para>Áöïý êÜíåôå ôéò áëëáãÝò óôï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>,
	  ìðïñåßôå íá óôåßëåôå óôç äéåñãáóßá <command>init</command> Ýíá óÞìá
	  <acronym>HUP</acronym> ãéá íá îáíáäéáâÜóåé ôï áñ÷åßï.  Ìðïñåßôå íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ ãéá áõôü ôï óêïðü:

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP 1</userinput></screen>

	  Áí áõôÞ åßíáé ç ðñþôç öïñÜ ðïõ ñõèìßæåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò, ßóùò
	  èÝëåôå íá ðåñéìÝíåôå ìÝ÷ñé íá ïëïêëçñþóåôå ðëÞñùò ôç óýíäåóç êáé
	  ñýèìéóç ôïõ modem óáò ðñéí óôåßëåôå óÞìá óôçí
	  <command>init</command>.</para>

	<sect4>
	  <title>Ñýèìéóç ãéá ÊëåéäùìÝíç Ôá÷ýôçôá</title>

	  <para>Ãéá ëåéôïõñãßá óå êëåéäùìÝíç ôá÷ýôçôá, èá ðñÝðåé ç êáôá÷þñéóç
	    óáò óôï <filename>ttys</filename> íá ðáñÝ÷åé óôçí
	    <command>getty</command> ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç óôáèåñÞò ôá÷ýôçôáò.  Ãéá
	    Ýíá modem ìå ôá÷ýôçôá èýñáò êëåéäùìÝíç óôá 19.2&nbsp;Kbps,
	    ç êáôá÷þñéóç <filename>ttys</filename> èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí
	    ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	  <programlisting>ttyu0   "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200"   dialup on</programlisting>

	  <para>Áí ôï modem óáò åßíáé êëåéäùìÝíï óå äéáöïñåôéêü ñõèìü
	    äåäïìÝíùí, áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ìå ôçí êáôÜëëçëç ôéìÞ ôï
	    <literal>std.19200</literal> óôçí êáôá÷þñéóç
	    <literal>std.<replaceable>speed</replaceable></literal>.
	    Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå Ýíá Ýãêõñï ôýðï, üðùò ïñßæåôáé óôï
	    <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>.</para>
	</sect4>

	<sect4>
	  <title>Ñýèìéóç ãéá ÌåôáâëçôÞ Ôá÷ýôçôá</title>

	  <para>Óå ìéá ôÝôïéá ñýèìéóç, ç êáôá÷þñéóç óáò ãéá ôï
	    <filename>ttys</filename> èá ðñÝðåé íá áíáöÝñåôáé óôçí áñ÷éêÞ
	    <quote>auto-baud</quote> (sic) êáôá÷þñéóç ôïõ
	    <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí ðñïóèÝóáôå
	    ôçí ðáñáðÜíù óõíéóôþìåíç êáôá÷þñéóç ãéá modem ìå ìåôáâëçôÞ
	    ôá÷ýôçôáò óåéñéáêÞò, êáé ìå áñ÷éêÞ ôá÷ýôçôá ôá 19.2&nbsp;Kbps
	    (ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç <filename>gettytab</filename> ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé ùò
	    óçìåßï åêêßíçóçò ôï <literal>V19200</literal>), ç êáôá÷þñéóç óáò
	    óôï <filename>ttys</filename> èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	  <programlisting>ttyu0   "/usr/libexec/getty V19200"   dialup on</programlisting>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>/etc/rc.d/serial</filename></title>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>rc files</primary>
	  <secondary><filename>rc.serial</filename></secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>Ôá modems õøçëÞò ôá÷ýôçôáò, üðùò ôá V.32, V.32bis êáé V.34,
	  áðáéôïýí Ýëåã÷ï ñïÞò ìÝóù õëéêïý (<literal>RTS/CTS</literal>).
	  Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå åíôïëÝò <command>stty</command> óôï
	  <filename>/etc/rc.d/serial</filename> ãéá íá èÝóåôå óôïí ðõñÞíá ôïõ
	  &os; ôçí êáôÜëëçëç ðáñÜìåôñï Ýëåã÷ïõ ñïÞò ìÝóù õëéêïý ôùí èõñþí
	  modem.</para>

	<para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá íá èÝóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	  <literal>termios</literal> óôçí ôéìÞ <varname>crtscts</varname>
	  óôéò óõóêåõÝò áñ÷éêïðïßçóçò ôçò äåýôåñçò óåéñéáêÞò èýñáò
	  (<devicename>COM2</devicename>) ãéá åðéëïãéêÝò êëÞóåéò åéóüäïõ êáé
	  åîüäïõ, èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÝò óôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/etc/rc.d/serial</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting># Serial port initial configuration
stty -f /dev/ttyu1.init crtscts
stty -f /dev/cuau1.init crtscts</programlisting>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Ñõèìßóåéò ÌíÞìçò</title>

      <para>Áí Ý÷åôå Ýíá modem óôï ïðïßï ìðïñåßôå íá áðïèçêåýóåôå ôéò
	ðáñáìÝôñïõò ìüíéìá óôçí ìç-ðôçôéêÞ RAM ðïõ äéáèÝôåé, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá ðñüãñáììá ôåñìáôéêïý (üðùò ôï
	<application>Telix</application> ìÝóù ôïõ &ms-dos; Þ ôïõ
	<command>tip</command> óôï &os;) ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôéò ðáñáìÝôñïõò.
	Óõíäåèåßôå óôï modem ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí ßäéá áñ÷éêÞ ôá÷ýôçôá
	åðéêïéíùíßáò ìå áõôÞ ðïõ Ý÷åôå äçëþóåé ùò áñ÷éêÞ ôá÷ýôçôá óôçí
	<command>getty</command>, êáé ñõèìßóôå ôéò ðáñáìÝôñïõò óôç ìíÞìç ôïõ
	þóôå íá ôáéñéÜæïõí ìå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù áðáéôÞóåéò:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Ôï óÞìá <acronym>CD</acronym> èá åßíáé åíåñãü üôáí ôï modem
	    åßíáé óõíäåìÝíï</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Ôï óÞìá <acronym>DTR</acronym> èá åßíáé åíåñãü êáôÜ ôç
	    ëåéôïõñãßá.  Áðåíåñãïðïßçóç ôïõ DTR êëåßíåé ôç ãñáììÞ êáé
	    åðáíáöÝñåé ôï modem óôçí áñ÷éêÞ ôïõ êáôÜóôáóç.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Ôï <acronym>CTS</acronym> èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá Ýëåã÷ï
	    ñïÞò ìåôáäéäüìåíùí äåäïìÝíùí</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Ï Ýëåã÷ïò ñïÞò <acronym>XON/XOFF</acronym> èá åßíáé
	    áíåíåñãüò</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Ôï <acronym>RTS</acronym> èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá Ýëåã÷ï ñïÞò
	    ëçöèÝíôùí äåäïìÝíùí</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>¹óõ÷ç ëåéôïõñãßá (Quiet mode, ÷ùñßò áðïóôïëÞ êùäéêþí
	    áðïôåëåóìÜôùí)</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Äåí èá ãßíåôáé echo ôùí åíôïëþí</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ modem óáò ãéá íá âñåßôå
	ôéò åíôïëÝò ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá áðïóôåßëåôå.  ºóùò åðßóçò ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
	áëëÜîåôå ôç èÝóç êÜðïéùí ñõèìéóôéêþí äéáêïðôþí (dip switches).</para>

      <para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôéò ðáñáðÜíù ðáñáìÝôñïõò
	óå Ýíá åîùôåñéêü modem &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400, èá Ýðñåðå íá
	óôåßëåôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò óôï modem:</para>

      <programlisting>ATZ
AT&amp;C1&amp;D2&amp;H1&amp;I0&amp;R2&amp;W</programlisting>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå ìå ôçí åõêáéñßá íá ñõèìßóåôå êáé Üëëïõò ðáñáìÝôñïõò ôïõ
	modem, üðùò ãéá ôï áí èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ôï ðñùôüêïëëï V.42bis Þ
	óõìðßåóç MNP5.</para>

      <para>Ôï åîùôåñéêü modem &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400 äéáèÝôåé åðßóçò
	êáé êÜðïéïõò ñõèìéóôéêïýò äéáêüðôåò ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìéóôïýí.  Ãéá
	Üëëá modem, ßóùò ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôÝò ôéò ñõèìßóåéò
	ùò áíáöïñÜ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Äéáêüðôçò 1: ¶íù ÈÝóç &mdash; ÊáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá DTR </para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Äéáêüðôçò 2: N/A (Êùäéêüò ÁðïôåëÝóìáôïò ùò Êåßìåíï/Êùäéêüò
	    ÁðïôåëÝóìáôïò ùò Áñéèìüò)</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Äéáêüðôçò 3: ¶íù èÝóç &mdash; ×ùñßò Êùäéêü
	    ÁðïôåëÝóìáôïò</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Äéáêüðôçò 4: ÊÜôù èÝóç &mdash; ×ùñßò echo êáé offline
	    åíôïëÝò</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Äéáêüðôçò 5: ¶íù èÝóç &mdash; Áõôüìáôç ÁðÜíôçóç</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Äéáêüðôçò 6: ¶íù èÝóç &mdash; ÖõóéïëïãéêÞ Áíß÷íåõóç ÖÝñïíôïò
	    ÓÞìáôïò</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Äéáêüðôçò 7: ¶íù èÝóç &mdash; Öüñôùóç Ðñïåðéëïãþí áðü
	    NVRAM (ìç-ðôçôéêÞ ìíÞìç)</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>Äéáêüðôçò 8: N/A (¸îõðíïò/Êïõôüò Ôñüðïò Ëåéôïõñãßáò)</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá áðåíåñãïðïéÞóåôå Þ íá áðïìïíþóåôå ôïõò êùäéêïýò
	áðïôåëåóìÜôùí óôï modem, ãéá íá áðïöýãåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá
	äçìéïõñãçèïýí áí ç <command>getty</command> áðü ëÜèïò óôåßëåé
	ðñïôñïðÞ <prompt>login:</prompt> óôï modem åíþ áõôü âñßóêåôáé óå
	êáôÜóôáóç åíôïëþí.  Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ôï modem ìðïñåß íá áíáðáñÜãåé
	îáíÜ ôçí åíôïëÞ (echo) Þ íá óôåßëåé êÜðïéï êùäéêü áðïôåëÝóìáôïò.
	Áõôü ìðïñåß íá Ý÷åé ùò áðïôÝëåóìá ìéá ìáêñü÷ñïíç êáé ÷áæÞ óõíïìéëßá
	ìåôáîý ôïõ modem êáé ôçò <command>getty</command>.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ÊëåéäùìÝíç Ôá÷ýôçôá</title>

	<para>Ãéá ëåéôïõñãßá óå êëåéäùìÝíç ôá÷ýôçôá, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
	  ñõèìßóåôå ôï modem íá äéáôçñåß óôáèåñÞ ôá÷ýôçôá õðïëïãéóôÞ &mdash;
	  modem, Üó÷åôá ìå ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá åðéêïéíùíßáò ôçò åðéëïãéêÞò óýíäåóçò.
	  Óå Ýíá åîùôåñéêü modem &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400, ïé åíôïëÝò
	  áõôÝò èá êëåéäþóïõí ôçí åðéêïéíùíßá õðïëïãéóôÞ &mdash; modem óôçí
	  ßäéá ôá÷ýôçôá ðïõ Ýãéíå ç ëÞøç ôùí åíôïëþí:</para>

	<programlisting>ATZ
AT&amp;B1&amp;W</programlisting>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ñõèìßóåéò ãéá ÌåôáâëçôÞ Ôá÷ýôçôá</title>

	<para>Ãéá ëåéôïõñãßá óå ìåôáâëçôÞ ôá÷ýôçôá, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
	  ñõèìßóåôå ôï modem óáò íá ðñïóáñìüæåé ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá ôçò óåéñéáêÞò
	  èýñáò ôïõ þóôå íá ôáéñéÜæåé ìå áõôÞ ôçò åéóåñ÷üìåíçò êëÞóçò.  Óå
	  Ýíá åîùôåñéêü modem &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400, ïé åíôïëÝò
	  áõôÝò èá êëåéäþóïõí ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá ìåôáöïñÜò äåäïìÝíùí ìå äéüñèùóç
	  ëáèþí ôïõ modem óôçí ôá÷ýôçôá ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞèçêå ãéá ôçí áðïóôïëÞ
	  ôùí åíôïëþí, áëëÜ èá åðéôñÝøïõí óôçí ôá÷ýôçôá ôçò óåéñéáêÞò èýñáò
	  íá ìåôáâÜëëåôáé ãéá óõíäÝóåéò ðïõ äåí Ý÷ïõí äéüñèùóç ëáèþí:</para>

	<programlisting>ATZ
AT&amp;B2&amp;W</programlisting>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>¸ëåã÷ïò ôùí Ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ Modem</title>

	<para>Ôá ðåñéóóüôåñá modem õøçëÞò ôá÷ýôçôáò, ðáñÝ÷ïõí åíôïëÝò ìå ôéò
	  ïðïßåò ìðïñåßôå íá ðáñáêïëïõèÞóåôå ôéò ôñÝ÷ïõóåò ðáñáìÝôñïõò
	  ëåéôïõñãßáò ôïõò ìå ó÷åôéêÜ êáôáíïçôü ôñüðï.  Óôï åîùôåñéêü modem
	  &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400, ç åíôïëÞ <command>ATI5</command>
	  äåß÷íåé ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ åßíáé áðïèçêåõìÝíåò óôç ìç-ðôçôéêÞ RAM
	  ôïõ modem.  Ãéá íá äåßôå ôéò ðñáãìáôéêÝò ðáñáìÝôñïõò ëåéôïõñãßáò
	  ôïõ modem (üðùò áõôÝò åðçñåÜæïíôáé áðü ôéò èÝóåéò ôùí ñõèìéóôéêþí
	  äéáêïðôþí ôïõ), ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôéò åíôïëÝò <command>ATZ</command>
	  êáé ìåôÜ <command>ATI4</command>.</para>

	<para>Áí äéáèÝôåôå modem Üëëçò åôáéñßáò, åëÝãîôå ôéò ïäçãßåò ÷ñÞóçò
	  ôïõ ãéá íá äåßôå ðùò ìðïñåßôå íá åëÝãîåôå ìå óéãïõñéÜ ôéò
	  ðáñáìÝôñïõò ñýèìéóçò ôïõ.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Áíôéìåôþðéóç ÐñïâëçìÜôùí</title>

      <para>ÐáñáêÜôù èá âñåßôå ìåñéêÜ âÞìáôá ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå ãéá
	íá åëÝãîåôå ôç ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ modem óôï óýóôçìá óáò.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>ÅëÝã÷ïíôáò ôï Óýóôçìá óáò</title>

	<para>ÓõíäÝóôå ôï modem óôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò, åêêéíÞóôå ôï, êáé
	  áí ôï modem óáò äéáèÝôåé öùôåéíÝò åíäåßîåéò êáôÜóôáóçò,
	  ðáñáêïëïõèÞóôå ôéò ãéá íá äåßôå áí åíåñãïðïéåßôáé ç Ýíäåéîç
	  <acronym>DTR</acronym> üôáí åìöáíßæåôáé ç ðñïôñïðÞ
	  <prompt>login:</prompt> óôçí êïíóüëá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.  Áí ç Ýíäåéîç
	  áõôÞ åßíáé åíåñãÞ, óçìáßíåé üôé ôï &os; Ý÷åé îåêéíÞóåé ìéá
	  äéåñãáóßá <command>getty</command> óôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç èýñá
	  åðéêïéíùíéþí êáé áíáìÝíåé ôï modem íá áðáíôÞóåé ìéá êëÞóç.</para>

	<para>Áí äåí åíåñãïðïéåßôáé ç Ýíäåéîç <acronym>DTR</acronym>,
	  åéóÝëèåôå óôï óýóôçìá ìÝóù ôçò êïíóüëáò, êáé äþóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	  <command>ps ax</command> ãéá íá äåßôå áí ôï &os; ðñïóðáèåß íá
	  åêôåëÝóåé äéåñãáóßá <command>getty</command> óôç óùóôÞ èýñá.
	  ÁíÜìåóá óôéò äéåñãáóßåò, èá äåßôå ãñáììÝò üðùò ôéò ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	<screen>  114 ??  I      0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyu0
  115 ??  I      0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyu1</screen>

	<para>Áí äåßôå êÜôé äéáöïñåôéêü, üðùò ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	<screen>  114 d0  I      0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyu0</screen>

	<para>êáé ôï modem äåí Ý÷åé áðáíôÞóåé áêüìá êáìßá êëÞóç, óçìáßíåé üôé
	  ç <command>getty</command> Ý÷åé ïëïêëçñþóåé ôï Üíïéãìá ôçò
	  óåéñéáêÞò èýñáò.  Áõôü ðéèáíüí óçìáßíåé üôé õðÜñ÷åé ðñüâëçìá ìå
	  ôçí êáëùäßùóç, Þ üôé ôï modem äåí åßíáé óùóôÜ ñõèìéóìÝíï, êáèþò ç
	  <command>getty</command> äåí èá ðñÝðåé íá ìðïñåß íá áíïßîåé ôç èýñá
	  ðñéí åíåñãïðïéçèåß ôï óÞìá <acronym>CD</acronym> (carrier detect,
	  áíß÷íåõóçò öÝñïíôïò) áðü ôï modem.</para>

	<para>Áí äåí âëÝðåôå êÜðïéåò äéåñãáóßåò <command>getty</command> íá
	  ðåñéìÝíïõí íá áíïßîïõí ôçí åðéèõìçôÞ èýñá
	  <devicename>ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></devicename>, åëÝãîôå
	  îáíÜ ôéò êáôá÷ùñßóåéò óáò óôï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ãéá
	  ôõ÷üí ëÜèç.  ÅëÝãîôå åðßóçò ôï áñ÷åßï êáôáãñáöÞò
	  <filename>/var/log/messages</filename> ãéá íá äåßôå áí õðÜñ÷ïõí
	  êÜðïéá ìçíýìáôá áðü ôçí <command>init</command> Þ ôçí
	  <command>getty</command> ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá ðñïâëÞìáôá.  Áí õðÜñ÷ïõí
	  ìçíýìáôá, åëÝãîôå îáíÜ ôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> êáé
	  <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>, üðùò êáé ôá åéäéêÜ áñ÷åßá
	  óõóêåõþí <filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> ãéá ðéèáíÜ ëÜèç,
	  åëëéðåßò êáôá÷ùñßóåéò, Þ ìç-ýðáñîç ôùí åéäéêþí áñ÷åßùí
	  óõóêåõþí.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ÐñïóðáèÞóôå íá ÅêôåëÝóåôå Óýíäåóç Åéóüäïõ</title>

	<para>ÄïêéìÜóôå íá åéóÝëèåôå óôï óýóôçìá óáò ìÝóù áðïìáêñõóìÝíçò
	  óýíäåóçò.  Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå 8 bits, 1 stop bit êáé
	  åðéêïéíùíßá ÷ùñßò éóïôéìßá óôï áðïìáêñõóìÝíï óýóôçìá.  Áí äå ëÜâåôå
	  Üìåóá ôçí ðñïôñïðÞ åéóüäïõ, Þ áí ëáìâÜíåôå óêïõðßäéá, äïêéìÜóôå íá
	  ðéÝæåôå <keycap>Enter</keycap> ìå ñõèìü ðåñßðïõ ìéá öïñÜ ôï
	  äåõôåñüëåðôï.  Áí áêüìá äåí ëáìâÜíåôå ôçí ðñïôñïðÞ
	  <prompt>login:</prompt>, äïêéìÜóôå ìåôÜ áðü ëßãï íá óôåßëåôå Ýíá
	  <command>BREAK</command>.  Áí êÜíåôå êëÞóç áðü Ýíá modem õøçëÞò
	  ôá÷ýôçôáò, äïêéìÜóôå îáíÜ, áöïý êëåéäþóåôå ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá
	  åðéêïéíùíßáò õðïëïãéóôÞ &mdash; modem áðü ôï ïðïßï êáëåßôå (ìÝóù
	  ð.÷. ôçò <command>AT&amp;B1</command> óå Ýíá &usrobotics;
	  &sportster; modem).</para>

	<para>Áí äåí ìðïñåßôå áêüìá íá ëÜâåôå ðñïôñïðÞ
	  <prompt>login:</prompt>, åëÝãîôå îáíÜ êáé îáíÜ ôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>.</para>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>Ôï üíïìá ôçò áñ÷éêÞò éêáíüôçôáò ðïõ êáèïñßæåôáé óôï áñ÷åßï
	      <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ãéá ôç ãñáììÞ ðñÝðåé íá
	      ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ôï üíïìá ôçò éêáíüôçôáò óôï
	      <filename>/etc/gettytab</filename></para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÊÜèå êáôá÷þñéóç <literal>nx=</literal> ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ôï
	      üíïìá ìéáò áíôßóôïé÷çò éêáíüôçôáò óôï
	      <filename>gettytab</filename></para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÊÜèå êáôá÷þñéóç <literal>tc=</literal> ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ôï
	      üíïìá ìéáò áíôßóôïé÷çò éêáíüôçôáò óôï
	      <filename>gettytab</filename></para>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>

	<para>Áí êÜíåôå êëÞóç áëëÜ ôï modem óôï &os; óýóôçìá äåí áðáíôÜåé,
	  âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï modem åßíáé ñõèìéóìÝíï íá áðáíôÜåé ôçí
	  ôçëåöùíéêÞ ãñáììÞ üôáí åíåñãïðïéåßôáé ôï óÞìá
	  <acronym>DTR</acronym>.  Áí ôï modem öáßíåôáé íá åßíáé ñõèìéóìÝíï
	  óùóôÜ, åðáëçèåýóôå üôé ç ãñáììÞ <acronym>DTR</acronym> åßíáé åíåñãÞ
	  åëÝã÷ïíôáò ôéò öùôåéíÝò åíäåßîåéò ôïõ modem (áí õðÜñ÷ïõí).</para>

	<para>Áí Ý÷åôå åëÝãîåé ôá ðÜíôá ðïëëÝò öïñÝò, êáé áêüìá äåí öáßíåôáé
	  íá âñßóêåôå ôç ëýóç, êÜíôå Ýíá äéÜëåéììá êáé ðñïóðáèÞóôå îáíÜ
	  áñãüôåñá.  Áí áêüìá äåí ëåéôïõñãåß, ßóùò åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá íá óôåßëåôå
	  Ýíá ìÞíõìá óôçí &a.questions; ðåñéãñÜöïíôáò ôï ðñüâëçìá óáò êáé
	  ôï modem óáò, êáé ïé êáëïß Üíèñùðïé ðïõ ðáñáêïëïõèïýí ôçí ëßóôá èá
	  ðñïóðáèÞóïõí íá óáò âïçèÞóïõí.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="dialout">
    <title>Õðçñåóßá ÅðéëïãéêÞò Óýíäåóçò</title>

    <warning>
      <para>Áðü ôï &os;&nbsp;8.0 êáé ìåôÜ, ôá áñ÷åßá óõóêåõþí ôùí óåéñéáêþí
	èõñþí ìåôïíïìÜóôçêáí áðü
	<filename>/dev/cuad<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
	<filename>/dev/cuau<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.
	Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &os;&nbsp;7.X èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñìüóïõí ôçí ðáñáêÜôù
	ôåêìçñßùóç óýìöùíá ìå ôéò ðáñáðÜíù áëëáãÝò.</para>
    </warning>

    <indexterm><primary>dial-out service</primary></indexterm>

    <para>ÐáñáêÜôù èá âñåßôå êÜðïéåò óõìâïõëÝò ãéá íá ìðïñÝóåôå íá óõíäÝóåôå
      ôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò ìÝóù modem óå êÜðïéï Üëëï õðïëïãéóôÞ.  Ìå ôïí ôñüðï
      áõôü, ìðïñåßôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå óýíäåóç ôåñìáôéêïý ðñïò Ýíá
      áðïìáêñõóìÝíï õðïëïãéóôÞ.</para>

    <para>Ç õðçñåóßá áõôÞ ÷ñçóéìåýåé åðßóçò ãéá íá óõíäåèåßôå óå ìéá
      BBS.</para>

    <para>Áõôü ôï åßäïò óýíäåóçò ìðïñåß íá öáíåß åîáéñåôéêÜ ÷ñÞóéìï ãéá íá
      ðÜñåôå êÜðïéï áñ÷åßï áðü ôï Internet áí Ý÷åôå ðñüâëçìá óýíäåóçò ìÝóù
      PPP.  Áí èÝëåôå íá ðÜñåôå êÜôé ìÝóù FTP êáé äåí ìðïñåßôå íá óõíäåèåßôå
      ìÝóù PPP, óõíäåèåßôå ìÝóù ôåñìáôéêïý óå Ýíá Üëëï õðïëïãéóôÞ, êáé
      êáôåâÜóôå óå áõôüí ôï áñ÷åßï ìÝóù FTP.  ¸ðåéôá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï
      ðñùôüêïëëï zmodem ãéá íá ôï ìåôáöÝñåôå óôïí õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò.</para>

    <sect2 id="hayes-unsupported">
      <title>Ôï ôýðïõ Hayes Modem ìïõ äåí Õðïóôçñßæåôáé, Ôé Ìðïñþ íá
	ÊÜíù;</title>

      <para>Óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá, ç óåëßäá manual ôçò <command>tip</command>
	äåí åßíáé åíçìåñùìÝíç.  ÕðÜñ÷åé Þäç êáôÜëëçëï ãåíéêü ðñüãñáììá êëÞóçò
	ãéá modems ôçò Hayes.  Áðëþò ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí êáôá÷þñéóç
	<literal>at=hayes</literal> óôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/etc/remote</filename>.</para>

      <para>Ôï ðñüãñáììá ïäÞãçóçò Hayes äåí åßíáé áñêåôÜ Ýîõðíï þóôå íá
	áíáãíùñßæåé êÜðïéá áðü ôá ðñï÷ùñçìÝíá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ ôùí íåþôåñùí
	modems.  Ìðïñåß íá ìðåñäåõôåß áðü ìçíýìáôá üðùò ôá
	<literal>BUSY</literal>, <literal>NO DIALTONE</literal>,
	Þ <literal>CONNECT 115200</literal>.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá áðåíåñãïðïéÞóåôå
	áõôÜ ôá ìçíýìáôá üôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ôçí <command>tip</command>
	(óôÝëíïíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>ATX0&amp;W</command>).</para>

      <para>Åðßóçò, ôï ìÝãéóôï ÷ñïíéêü äéÜóôçìá ôï ïðïßï ðåñéìÝíåé ç
	<command>tip</command> åßíáé 60 äåõôåñüëåðôá.  Ôï modem óáò èá ðñÝðåé
	íá Ý÷åé ìéêñüôåñï ÷ñïíéêü ðåñéèþñéï, áëëéþò ç tip èá íïìßæåé üôé
	õðÜñ÷åé ðñüâëçìá åðéêïéíùíßáò.  ÄïêéìÜóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	<command>ATS7=45&amp;W</command>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="direct-at">
      <title>Ðùò Õðïôßèåôáé ¼ôé èá Óôåßëù ÁõôÝò ôéò ÁÔ ÅíôïëÝò;</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><filename>/etc/remote</filename></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå áõôü ðïõ ïíïìÜæåôáé <quote>áðåõèåßáò</quote>
	êáôá÷þñéóç óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/remote</filename>.  Ãéá
	ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí ôï modem óáò åßíáé óõíäåìÝíï óôçí ðñþôç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá,
	<filename>/dev/cuau0</filename>, ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç ãñáììÞ:</para>

      <programlisting>cuau0:dv=/dev/cuau0:br#19200:pa=none</programlisting>

      <para>Óôçí éêáíüôçôá br, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôïí õøçëüôåñï ñõèìü bps ðïõ
	õðïóôçñßæåé ôï modem óáò.  ¸ðåéôá, ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå
	<command>tip cuau0</command> êáé èá óõíäåèåßôå ìå ôï modem óáò</para>

      <para>¹ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí <command>cu</command> ùò
	<username>root</username>, äßíïíôáò ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l<replaceable>line</replaceable> -s<replaceable>speed</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <para>Ôï <replaceable>line</replaceable> åßíáé ç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá
	(ð.÷. <filename>/dev/cuau0</filename>) êáé ôï
	<replaceable>speed</replaceable> åßíáé ç ôá÷ýôçôá
	(ð.÷. <literal>57600</literal>).  ¼ôáí ôåëåéþóåôå ìå ôéò åíôïëÝò ÁÔ,
	ãñÜøôå <command>~.</command> ãéá íá ôåñìáôßóåôå ôç óýíäåóç.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="gt-failure">
      <title>Ôï Óýìâïëï <literal>@</literal> ôçò Éêáíüôçôáò pn Äåí
	Ëåéôïõñãåß!</title>

      <para>Ôï óýìâïëï <literal>@</literal> ôçò éêáíüôçôáò ôçëåöùíéêïý
	áñéèìïý (pn, phone number) ïäçãåß ôçí tip íá äéáâÜóåé ôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/etc/phones</filename> ãéá Ýíá ôçëåöùíéêü áñéèìü.  ÁëëÜ ôï
	óýìâïëï <literal>@</literal> åßíáé åðßóçò Ýíáò åéäéêüò ÷áñáêôÞñáò óå
	áñ÷åßá éêáíïôÞôùí üðùò ôï <filename>/etc/remote</filename>.  Èá ðñÝðåé
	íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí áíÜðïäç êÜèåôï ãéá íá äçëþóåôå üôé äåí
	åðéèõìåßôå íá Ý÷åé åðßäñáóç åéäéêïý ÷áñáêôÞñá:</para>

      <programlisting>pn=\@</programlisting>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="dial-command-line">
      <title>Ðùò Ìðïñþ íá ÊáëÝóù ¸íá Ôçëåöùíéêü Áñéèìü Áðü ôçí ÃñáììÞ
	Åíôïëþí;</title>

      <para>ÂÜëôå ìéá <quote>ãåíéêÞ</quote> êáôá÷þñéóç óôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>/etc/remote</filename>.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

      <programlisting>tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuau0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuau0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting>

      <para>¸ðåéôá ìðïñåßôå íá äßíåôå åíôïëÝò üðùò:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tip -115200 5551234</userinput></screen>

      <para>Áí ðñïôéìÜôå ôçí <command>cu</command> áíôß ãéá ôçí
	<command>tip</command>, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ìéá ãåíéêÞ êáôá÷þñéóç ãéá ôçí
	<literal>cu</literal>:</para>

      <programlisting>cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuau1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting>

      <para>êáé ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu 5551234 -s 115200</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="set-bps">
      <title>ÐñÝðåé íá Ðëçêôñïëïãþ ôï Ñõèìü bps ÊÜèå ÖïñÜ ðïõ ôï ÊÜíù
	Áõôü;</title>

      <para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç
	<literal>tip1200</literal> Þ <literal>cu1200</literal>, áëëÜ
	ìðïñåßôå íá âÜëåôå ôçí äéêÞ óáò åðéèõìçôÞ ôéìÞ óôçí éêáíüôçôá br.
	Ç åíôïëÞ <command>tip</command> èåùñåß üôé ôá 1200&nbsp;bps åßíáé
	ìéá êáëÞ ðñïåðéëïãÞ, êáé ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü øÜ÷íåé íá âñåé ìéá
	êáôá÷þñéóç <literal>tip1200</literal>.  Äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ùóôüóï íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôá÷ýôçôá 1200&nbsp;bps.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="terminal-server">
      <title>¸÷ù Ðñüóâáóç óå ¸íá Áñéèìü Õðïëïãéóôþí ÌÝóù Åíüò ÅîõðçñåôçôÞ
	Ôåñìáôéêþí</title>

      <para>Áíôß íá ðåñéìÝíåôå ìÝ÷ñé íá óõíäåèåßôå êáé íá ðëçêôñïëïãåßôå
	<command>CONNECT <replaceable>host</replaceable></command> êÜèå öïñÜ,
	÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí éêáíüôçôá <literal>cm</literal> ôïõ tip.  Ãéá
	ðáñÜäåéãìá, äåßôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù êáôá÷ùñßóåéò óôï
	<filename>/etc/remote</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
        :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\
        :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13:
deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\
        :dv=/dev/cuau2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:</programlisting>

      <para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù, èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá ãñÜöåôå
	<command>tip pain</command> Þ <command>tip muffin</command> ãéá íá
	óõíäÝåóôå óôïõò õðïëïãéóôÝò <hostid>pain</hostid> Þ
	<hostid>muffin</hostid>, êáé <command>tip deep13</command> ãéá íá
	óõíäÝåóôå óôïí åîõðçñåôçôÞ ôåñìáôéêþí.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="tip-multiline">
      <title>Ìðïñåß ç Tip íá ÄïêéìÜóåé Ðåñéóóüôåñåò Áðü Ìéá ÃñáììÝò ãéá êÜèå
	Óýíäåóç;</title>

      <para>Áõôü ôï ðñüâëçìá óõíÞèùò åìöáíßæåôáé óå Ýíá ðáíåðéóôÞìéï ðïõ Ý÷åé
	áñêåôÝò ãñáììÝò ãéá modem, áëëÜ êáé ÷éëéÜäåò öïéôçôÝò ðïõ ðñïóðáèïýí
	íá ôéò ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõí.</para>

      <para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ìéá êáôá÷þñéóç ãéá ôï ðáíåðéóôÞìéï óáò óôï
	<filename>/etc/remote</filename> êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï
	<literal>@</literal> óôçí éêáíüôçôá <literal>pn</literal>:</para>

      <programlisting>big-university:\
        :pn=\@:tc=dialout
dialout:\
        :dv=/dev/cuau3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:</programlisting>

      <para>¸ðåéôá, äçìéïõñãÞóôå ìéá ëßóôá ìå ôïõò áñéèìïýò ôçëåöþíùí ôïõ
	ðáíåðéóôçìßïõ óôï <filename>/etc/phones</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>big-university 5551111
big-university 5551112
big-university 5551113
big-university 5551114</programlisting>

      <para>Ç <command>tip</command> èá äïêéìÜóåé êÜèå ìßá, ìå ôç óåéñÜ ðïõ
	åìöáíßæïíôáé, êáé èá óôáìáôÞóåé.  Áí èÝëåôå íá óõíå÷ßæåé ôçí
	ðñïóðÜèåéá, åêôåëÝóôå ôçí <command>tip</command> ìÝóá óå Ýíá âñüã÷ï
	while.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="multi-controlp">
      <title>Ãéáôß ÐñÝðåé íá ÐéÝóù
	<keycombo action="simul">
	  <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
	  <keycap>P</keycap>
	</keycombo>
	Äýï ÖïñÝò ãéá íá Óôåßëù ôï Óõíäõáóìü
	<keycombo action="simul">
	  <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
	  <keycap>P</keycap>
	</keycombo>
	Ìéá ÖïñÜ;</title>

      <para>Ï óõíäõáóìüò ðëÞêôñùí
	<keycombo action="simul">
	  <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
	  <keycap>P</keycap>
	</keycombo>
	áðïôåëåß ôïí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï ÷áñáêôÞñá <quote>åîáíáãêáóìïý
	(force)</quote>, êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá êáôáëÜâåé ç
	<command>tip</command> üôé ï åðüìåíïò ÷áñáêôÞñáò èá ðñÝðåé íá
	÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß üðùò åßíáé.  Ìðïñåßôå íá èÝóåôå ôïí ÷áñáêôÞñá
	åîáíáãêáóìïý óå ïðïéïäÞðïôå Üëëï ÷áñáêôÞñá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí
	áêïëïõèßá äéáöõãÞò <command>~s</command>, ç ïðïßá óçìáßíåé
	<quote>ñýèìéóå ìéá ìåôáâëçôÞ</quote>.</para>

      <para>ÐëçêôñïëïãÞóôå
	<command>~sforce=<replaceable>single-char</replaceable></command>
	êáé óõíå÷ßóôå ìå Ýíá ÷áñáêôÞñá íÝáò ãñáììÞò.  Ôï
	<replaceable>single-char</replaceable> åßíáé ïðïéïóäÞðïôå ìïíüò
	÷áñáêôÞñáò.  Áí áöÞóåôå êåíü ôï
	<replaceable>single-char</replaceable>, ï ÷áñáêôÞñáò åîáíáãêáóìïý èá
	åßíáé ï nul, ôïí ïðïßï ìðïñåßôå íá ðëçêôñïëïãÞóåôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï
	óõíäõáóìü ðëÞêôñùí
	<keycombo action="simul">
	  <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>2</keycap>
	</keycombo>
	Þ
	<keycombo action="simul">
	  <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap>
	</keycombo>.
	Ìéá áñêåôÜ êáëÞ ôéìÞ ãéá ôï <replaceable>single-char</replaceable>
	åßíáé ôï
	<keycombo action="simul">
	  <keycap>Shift</keycap>
	  <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
	  <keycap>6</keycap>
	</keycombo>, ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ìüíï óå êÜðïéïõò åîõðçñåôçôÝò
	ôåñìáôéêþí.</para>

      <para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ïñßóåôå ôï ÷áñáêôÞñá åîáíáãêáóìïý óå üðïéïí åóåßò
	åðéèõìåßôå, ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç êáôá÷þñéóç óôï áñ÷åßï
	<filename>&#36;HOME/.tiprc</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>force=<replaceable>single-char</replaceable></programlisting>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="uppercase">
      <title>ÎáöíéêÜ ¼ôé ÃñÜöù Åìöáíßæåôáé ìå Êåöáëáßá ÃñÜììáôá!!</title>

      <para>ÌÜëëïí Ý÷åôå ðéÝóåé
	<keycombo action="simul">
	  <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
	  <keycap>A</keycap>
	</keycombo>, ðïõ åßíáé ï <quote>÷áñáêôÞñáò áíýøùóçò</quote> ôçò
	<command>tip</command>, êáé åßíáé ó÷åäéáóìÝíïò åéäéêÜ ãéá üóïõò
	Ý÷ïõí ðñüâëçìá ìå ôï ðëÞêôñï <keycap>CAPS LOCK</keycap>.
	×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>~s</command> ðïõ äåßîáìå ðáñáðÜíù,
	ãéá íá èÝóåôå ìéá ëïãéêÞ ôéìÞ óôç ìåôáâëçôÞ
	<literal>raisechar</literal>.  Óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá, ìðïñåßôå íá
	èÝóåôå ôçí ßäéá ôéìÞ ìå ôïí ÷áñáêôÞñá åîáíáãêáóìïý, áí äåí óêïðåýåôå
	ðïôÝ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜðïéá áðü áõôÝò ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò.</para>

      <para>ÐáñáêÜôù öáßíåôáé Ýíá õðüäåéãìá áñ÷åßïõ
	<filename>.tiprc</filename>, ôï ïðïßï åßíáé ôÝëåéï ãéá ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ
	<application>Emacs</application> ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ðëçêôñïëïãïýí óõ÷íÜ
	<keycombo action="simul">
	  <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>2</keycap>
	</keycombo>
	êáé
	<keycombo action="simul">
	  <keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</keycap>
	</keycombo>:</para>

      <programlisting>force=^^
raisechar=^^</programlisting>

      <para>Ï ÷áñáêôÞñáò <literal>^^</literal> åßíáé ï
	<keycombo action="simul">
	  <keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>6</keycap>
	</keycombo>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="tip-filetransfer">
      <title>Ðùò Ìðïñþ íá ÌåôáöÝñù Áñ÷åßá ìå ôçí
	<command>tip</command>;</title>

      <para>Áí åðéêïéíùíåßôå ìå Üëëï &unix; óýóôçìá, ìðïñåßôå íá óôåßëåôå êáé
	íá ëÜâåôå áñ÷åßá ìå ôéò åíôïëÝò <command>~p</command> (put) êáé
	<command>~t</command> (take).  Ïé åíôïëÝò áõôÝò åêôåëïýí ôéò
	<command>cat</command> êáé <command>echo</command> óôï áðïìáêñõóìÝíï
	óýóôçìá ãéá íá ëáìâÜíïõí êáé íá óôÝëíïõí áñ÷åßá.  Ç óýíôáîç ôïõò
	åßíáé:</para>

      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>~p</command>
	<arg choice="plain">ôïðéêü-áñ÷åßï</arg>
	<arg choice="opt">áðïìáêñõóìÝíï-áñ÷åßï</arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>

      <cmdsynopsis>
	<command>~t</command>
	<arg choice="plain">áðïìáêñõóìÝíï-áñ÷åßï</arg>
	<arg choice="opt">ôïðéêü-áñ÷åßï</arg>
      </cmdsynopsis>

      <para>Ïé ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÝò äåí äéáèÝôïõí Ýëåã÷ï ëáèþí.  Èá åßíáé êáëýôåñï
	íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜðïéï Üëëï ðñùôüêïëëï, üðùò ôï zmodem.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zmodem-tip">
      <title>Ðùò Ìðïñþ íá ÅêôåëÝóù ôï zmodem ìå ôçí
	<command>tip</command>;</title>

      <para>Ãéá íá ëÜâåôå áñ÷åßá, îåêéíÞóôå ôï ðñüãñáììá áðïóôïëÞò óôïí
	áðïìáêñõóìÝíï õðïëïãéóôÞ.  ¸ðåéôá ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå
	<command>~C rz</command> ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôçí ôïðéêÞ ëÞøç.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá óôåßëåôå áñ÷åßá, îåêéíÞóôå ôï ðñüãñáììá ëÞøçò óôïí
	áðïìáêñõóìÝíï õðïëïãéóôÞ.  ¸ðåéôá ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå
	<command>~C sz <replaceable>files</replaceable></command>
	ãéá íá óôåßëåôå ôá áñ÷åßá óôï áðïìáêñõóìÝíï óýóôçìá.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="serialconsole-setup">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Kazutaka</firstname>
	  <surname>YOKOTA</surname>
	  <contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Bill</firstname>
	  <surname>Paul</surname>
	  <contrib>ÂáóéóìÝíï óå Ýíá êåßìåíï ôïõ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>Ñýèìéóç ôçò ÓåéñéáêÞò Êïíóüëáò</title>

    <warning>
      <para>Áðü ôï &os;&nbsp;8.0 êáé ìåôÜ, ôá áñ÷åßá óõóêåõþí ôùí óåéñéáêþí
	èõñþí ìåôïíïìÜóôçêáí áðü
	<filename>/dev/ttyd<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename> óå
	<filename>/dev/ttyu<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.
	Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &os;&nbsp;7.X èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñìüóïõí ôçí ðáñáêÜôù
	ôåêìçñßùóç óýìöùíá ìå ôéò ðáñáðÜíù áëëáãÝò.</para>
    </warning>

    <indexterm><primary>serial console</primary></indexterm>

    <sect2 id="serialconsole-intro">
      <title>ÅéóáãùãÞ</title>

      <para>Ôï &os; Ý÷åé ôçí éêáíüôçôá íá åêêéíÞóåé óå Ýíá óýóôçìá ôï ïðïßï
	ùò êïíóüëá äéáèÝôåé Ýíá <quote>êïõôü</quote> ôåñìáôéêü óõíäåìÝíï óå
	ìéá óåéñéáêÞ èýñá.  ÁõôÞ ç ñýèìéóç åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìç óå äýï êáôçãïñßåò
	áíèñþðùí: äéá÷åéñéóôÝò óõóôçìÜôùí ðïõ åðéèõìïýí íá åãêáôáóôÞóïõí
	&os; óå ìç÷áíÞìáôá ôá ïðïßá äåí äéáèÝôïõí ðëçêôñïëüãéï Þ ïèüíç, êáé
	ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò ðïõ åðéèõìïýí íá åêóöáëìáôþíïõí ôïí ðõñÞíá Þ ïäçãïýò
	óõóêåõþí.</para>

      <para>¼ðùò ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôï <xref linkend="boot"/>, ôï &os; ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß
	óýóôçìá åêêßíçóçò ôñéþí óôáäßùí.  Ôá ðñþôá äýï óôÜäéá åßíáé óôïí
	êþäéêá ôïõ boot block, ï ïðïßïò áðïèçêåýåôáé óôçí áñ÷Þ ôçò êáôÜôìçóçò
	(slice) ôïõ äßóêïõ åêêßíçóçò ôïõ &os;.  Ôï boot block êáôüðéí
	öïñôþíåé êáé åêôåëåß ôïí öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò
	(<filename>/boot/loader</filename>) ùò êþäéêá ôïõ ôñßôïõ
	óôáäßïõ.</para>

      <para>Ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôçí óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá, èá ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå
	ôïí êþäéêá ôïõ boot block, ôï öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò, êáé ôïí
	ðõñÞíá.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="serialconsole-howto-fast">
      <title>Ñýèìéóç ÓåéñéáêÞò Êïíóüëáò (Óýíôïìç ¸êäïóç)</title>

      <para>Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ õðïèÝôåé üôé óêïðåýåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôéò
	ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò, êáé èÝëåôå áðëþò ìéá ãñÞãïñç åðéóêüðçóç ôçò
	äéáäéêáóßáò ñýèìéóçò ôçò óåéñéáêÞò êïíóüëáò.</para>

      <procedure>
	<step>
	  <para>ÓõíäÝóôå ôï óåéñéáêü êáëþäéï óôçí
	    <devicename>COM1</devicename> êáé óôï ôåñìáôéêü.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Ãéá íá äåßôå üëá ôá ìçíýìáôá åêêßíçóçò óôçí óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá,
	    äþóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ ùò õðåñ÷ñÞóôçò:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; echo 'console="comconsole"' &gt;&gt; /boot/loader.conf</screen>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> êáé áëëÜîôå
	    ôï <literal>off</literal> óå <literal>on</literal> êáé ôï
	    <literal>dialup</literal> óå <literal>vt100</literal> ãéá ôçí
	    êáôá÷þñéóç <devicename>ttyu0</devicename>.  ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, äåí èá
	    ÷ñåéÜæåôáé êùäéêüò ðñüóâáóçò ãéá ôç óýíäåóç ìÝóù ôçò óåéñéáêÞò
	    êïíóüëáò, ôï ïðïßï áðïôåëåß ðéèáíü êåíü áóöáëåßáò.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá ãéá íá äåßôå áí ßó÷õóáí ïé
	    áëëáãÝò.</para>
	</step>
      </procedure>

      <para>Áí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå äéáöïñåôéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò, èá âñåßôå ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ãéá
	ôçí ñýèìéóç óôï <xref linkend="serialconsole-howto"/>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="serialconsole-howto">
      <title>Ñýèìéóç ÓåéñéáêÞò Êïíóüëáò</title>

      <procedure>
	<step>
	  <para>ÐñïåôïéìÜóôå Ýíá óåéñéáêü êáëþäéï.</para>

	  <indexterm><primary>null-modem cable</primary></indexterm>
	  <para>Èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå åßôå Ýíá êáëþäéï ôýðïõ null-modem, åßôå Ýíá
	    ôõðïðïéçìÝíï óåéñéáêü êáëþäéï êáé Ýíá ðñïóáñìïãÝá null-modem.
	    Äåßôå ôï <xref linkend="serial-cables-ports"/> ãéá ëåðôïìÝñåéåò
	    ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá åßäç ôùí óåéñéáêþí êáëùäßùí.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÁðïóõíäÝóôå ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï óáò.</para>

	  <para>Ôá ðåñéóóüôåñá PC øÜ÷íïõí ãéá ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï êáôÜ ôçí
	    äéÜñêåéá ôùí äéáãíùóôéêþí åêêßíçóçò (POST, Power On Self Test),
	    êáé èá áíáöÝñïõí óöÜëìá áí ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï äåí åßíáé óõíäåìÝíï.
	    ÌåñéêÜ ìç÷áíÞìáôá ðáñáðïíéïýíôáé ç÷çñÜ ãéá ôçí Ýëëåéøç
	    ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ, êáé äåí óõíå÷ßæïõí ôçí åêêßíçóç ìÝ÷ñé íá ôï
	    óõíäÝóåôå.</para>

	  <para>Áí ï õðïëïãéóôÞò óáò ðáñáðïíéÝôáé ãéá ôï ëÜèïò, áëëÜ îåêéíÜ
	    Ýôóé êáé áëëéþò, äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá êÜíåôå ôßðïôá éäéáßôåñï ãéá
	    áõôü.  (ÌåñéêÜ ìç÷áíÞìáôá ìå BIOS ôçò Phoenix, ëÝíå áðëþò
	    <errorname>Keyboard Failed</errorname> êáé óõíå÷ßæïõí ôçí åêêßíçóç
	    êáíïíéêÜ.)</para>

	  <para>Áí ï õðïëïãéóôÞò óáò áñíåßôáé íá åêêéíÞóåé ÷ùñßò ðëçêôñïëüãéï,
	    èá ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï BIOS þóôå íá áãíïåß ôï ëÜèïò (áí
	    ãßíåôáé).  Óõìâïõëåõôåßôå ôï åã÷åéñßäéï ôçò ìçôñéêÞò óáò ãéá
	    ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá.</para>

	  <tip>
	    <para>Ñõèìßóôå ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï óå <quote>Not installed</quote>
	      óôï BIOS.  Ç ñýèìéóç áõôÞ áðëþò áðïôñÝðåé ôï BIOS áðü ôï íá
	      áíé÷íåýåé ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï óôçí åêêßíçóç, êáé äåí ðñüêåéôáé íá
	      óáò åìðïäßóåé íá ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êáíïíéêÜ.  Ìðïñåßôå íá
	      áöÞóåôå ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï óõíäåìÝíï áêüìá êáé üôáí
	      Ý÷åôå åíåñãïðïéÞóåé ôç ñýèìéóç <quote>Not installed</quote>.
	      Áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé ç ðáñáðÜíù ñýèìéóç óôï BIOS, øÜîôå ãéá ôçí
	      åðéëïãÞ <quote>Halt on Error</quote>.  ÁëëÜîôå ôç óå
	      <quote>All but Keyboard</quote> Þ áêüìá êáé óå
	      <quote>No Errors</quote>, êáé èá Ý÷åôå ôï ßäéï
	      áðïôÝëåóìá.</para>
	  </tip>

	  <note>
	    <para>Áí ôï óýóôçìá óáò äéáèÝôåé ðïíôßêé ôýðïõ &ps2;,
	      ðéèáíüí íá ðñÝðåé íá ôï áðïóõíäÝóåôå êáé áõôü.
	      Ôá ðïíôßêéá ôýðïõ &ps2; Ý÷ïõí êÜðïéá êõêëþìáôá êïéíÜ ìå ôï
	      ðëçêôñïëüãéï, ãåãïíüò ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ðñïêáëÝóåé óýã÷õóç óôï
	      ðñüãñáììá áíß÷íåõóçò ôïõ ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ.  ÊÜðïéá óõóôÞìáôá, üðùò
	      ôï Gateway 2000 Pentium 90&nbsp;MHz ìå AMI BIOS,
	      óõìðåñéöÝñïíôáé ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï.  Óå ãåíéêÝò ãñáììÝò, áõôü
	      äåí åßíáé ðñüâëçìá êáèþò ôï ðïíôßêé Ýôóé êáé áëëéþò äåí åßíáé
	      ÷ñÞóéìï ÷ùñßò ôï ðëçêôñïëüãéï.</para>
	  </note>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÓõíäÝóôå Ýíá êïõôü ôåñìáôéêü óôçí
	    <devicename>COM1</devicename>
	    (<devicename>sio0</devicename>).</para>

	  <para>Áí äåí Ý÷åôå êïõôü ôåñìáôéêü, ìðïñåßôå íá óõíäÝóåôå Ýíá ðáëéü
	    PC/XT ìå Ýíá ðñüãñáììá ãéá modem, Þ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç óåéñéáêÞ
	    èýñá óå Ýíá Üëëï ìç÷Üíçìá &unix;.  Áí äåí Ý÷åôå
	    óåéñéáêÞ èýñá <devicename>COM1</devicename>
	    (<devicename>sio0</devicename>), áãïñÜóôå ìéá.  Ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ
	    äåí õðÜñ÷åé ôñüðïò íá åðéëÝîåôå Üëëç èýñá åêôüò áðü ôçí
	    <devicename>COM1</devicename>, ÷ùñßò íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôá
	    boot blocks.  Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå Þäç ôçí
	    <devicename>COM1</devicename> ãéá êÜðïéá Üëëç óõóêåõÞ, èá ðñÝðåé
	    íá ôçí áöáéñÝóåôå ðñïóùñéíÜ, êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå íÝï boot
	    block êáé ðõñÞíá, ìüëéò óõíäåèåßôå óôï &os;.  (ÕðïèÝôïõìå üôé ç
	    <devicename>COM1</devicename> èá åßíáé Ýôóé êáé áëëéþò äéáèÝóéìç
	    óå Ýíá åîõðçñåôçôÞ áñ÷åßùí/õðïëïãéóìþí/ôåñìáôéêþí.  Áí
	    ðñáãìáôéêÜ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå ôçí <devicename>COM1</devicename> ãéá êÜôé
	    Üëëï (êáé äåí ìðïñåßôå áõôü ôï êÜôé Üëëï íá ôï ìåôáêéíÞóåôå óôçí
	    <devicename>COM2</devicename> (<devicename>sio1</devicename>)),
	    ìÜëëïí äåí èá Ýðñåðå íá áó÷ïëçèåßôå êáèüëïõ ìå üëï áõôü ôï
	    èÝìá).</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ ðõñÞíá óáò Ý÷åé ôéò
	    êáôÜëëçëåò åðéëïãÝò (flags) ãéá ôçí <devicename>COM1</devicename>
	    (<devicename>sio0</devicename>).</para>

	  <para>Ïé ó÷åôéêÝò åðéëïãÝò åßíáé:</para>

	  <variablelist>
	    <varlistentry>
	      <term><literal>0x10</literal></term>

	      <listitem>
		<para>Åíåñãïðïéåß ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç êïíóüëáò ãéá áõôÞ ôç èýñá.
		  Áí äåí ôåèåß áõôÞ ç åðéëïãÞ, ôá õðüëïéðá flags ãéá ôçí
		  êïíóüëá äåí ëáìâÜíïíôáé õðüøéí.  Ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ, ç
		  õðïóôÞñéîç êïíóüëáò ìðïñåß íá åßíáé åíåñãïðïéçìÝíç ìüíï óå
		  ìéá èýñá.  Ç ðñþôç ðïõ êáèïñßæåôáé óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí,
		  åßíáé êáé áõôÞ ðïõ èá ðñïôéìçèåß.  Áðü ìüíç ôçò, ç åðéëïãÞ
		  áõôÞ äåí èá åíåñãïðïéÞóåé ôçí êïíóüëá óôç óõãêåêñéìÝíç
		  óåéñéáêÞ èýñá.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù flag Þ íá
		  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-h</option> ðïõ
		  ðåñéãñÜöåôáé ðáñáêÜôù, ìáæß ìå áõôü ôï flag.</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry>
	      <term><literal>0x20</literal></term>

	      <listitem>
		<para>ÅîáíáãêÜæåé ôç óõãêåêñéìÝíç èýñá íá ãßíåé ç êïíóüëá
		  (åêôüò áí õðÜñ÷åé Üëëç êïíóüëá õøçëüôåñçò ðñïôåñáéüôçôáò)
		  Üó÷åôá ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-h</option> ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé
		  ðáñáêÜôù.  Èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï flag
		  <literal>0x20</literal> ìáæß ìå ôï flag
		  <option>0x10</option>.</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry>
	      <term><literal>0x40</literal></term>

	      <listitem>
		<para>Ðáñáêñáôåß ôç óõãêåêñéìÝíç èýñá (óå óõíäõáóìü ìå ôçí
		  <literal>0x10</literal>) êÜíïíôáò ôçí ìç äéáèÝóéìç ãéá
		  êáíïíéêÞ ðñüóâáóç.  Äåí èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå áõôÞ ôçí
		  åðéëïãÞ óôç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá ðïõ óêïðåýåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
		  ùò óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá.  Ç ìüíç ÷ñÞóç áõôïý ôïõ flag, åßíáé íá
		  êáèïñßóåôå üôé ç èýñá èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá áðïìáêñõóìÝíç
		  åêóöáëìÜôùóç ôïõ ðõñÞíá (kernel debugging).  Äåßôå
		  <ulink
		    url="&url.books.developers-handbook;/index.html">Ôï
		    Âéâëßï ôïõ ÐñïãñáììáôéóôÞ</ulink> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
		  ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí áðïìáêñõóìÝíç
		  åêóöáëìÜôùóç.</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>
	  </variablelist>

	  <para>ÐáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

	  <programlisting>device sio0 flags 0x10</programlisting>

	  <para>Äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual &man.sio.4; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
	    ëåðôïìÝñåéåò.</para>

	  <para>Áí äåí Ý÷ïõí êáèïñéóôåß flags, èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
	    UserConfig (óå äéáöïñåôéêÞ êïíóüëá) Þ íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí
	    ðõñÞíá.</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>boot.config</filename> óôïí
	    ñéæéêü êáôÜëïãï ôçò êáôÜôìçóçò <literal>a</literal> ôïõ äßóêïõ
	    åêêßíçóçò.</para>

	  <para>Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü èá êáôåõèýíåé ôïí êþäéêá ôïõ boot block ó÷åôéêÜ
	    ìå ôï ðùò èÝëåôå íá åêêéíÞóåé ôï óýóôçìá.  Ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå
	    ôçí óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá, èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå ìßá Þ ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü ôéò
	    ðáñáêÜôù åðéëïãÝò&mdash;áí èÝëåôå íá ðñïóäéïñßóåôå ðïëëáðëÝò
	    åðéëïãÝò, èá ðñÝðåé íá ôéò ðåñéëÜâåôå üëåò óôçí ßäéá
	    ãñáììÞ.</para>

	  <variablelist>
	    <varlistentry>
	      <term><option>-h</option></term>

	      <listitem>
		<para>ÅíáëëÜóóåé ìåôáîý ôçò åóùôåñéêÞò êáé ôçò óåéñéáêÞò
		  êïíóüëáò.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí îåêéíÞóåôå áðü ôçí åóùôåñéêÞ
		  êïíóüëá (ïèüíç), ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
		  <option>-h</option> ãéá íá êáôåõèýíåôå ôï öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò
		  êáé ôïí ðõñÞíá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõí ôç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá ùò
		  óõóêåõÞ êïíóüëáò.  ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, áí åêêéíÞóåôå ìÝóù ôçò
		  óåéñéáêÞò èýñáò, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
		  <option>-h</option> ãéá íá êáôåõèýíåôå ôï öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò
		  êáé ôïí ðõñÞíá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõí ôçí êáíïíéêÞ êïíóüëá áíôß
		  ãéá ôç óåéñéáêÞ.</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry>
	      <term><option>-D</option></term>

	      <listitem>
		<para>ÅíáëëÜóóåé ìåôáîý ôçò áðëÞò êáé ôçò äéðëÞò êïíóüëáò.
		  Óôçí ñýèìéóç áðëÞò êïíóüëáò, èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß åßôå ç
		  åóùôåñéêÞ êïíóüëá (áðåéêüíéóç óå ïèüíç) åßôå ç óåéñéáêÞ
		  èýñá, áíÜëïãá ìå ôï ðùò Ý÷åé ôåèåß ç åðéëïãÞ
		  <option>-h</option> ðïõ åîåôÜóáìå ðáñáðÜíù.  Óå ðåñßðôùóç
		  äéðëÞò êïíóüëáò, èá åíåñãïðïéçèïýí ôáõôü÷ñïíá ôüóï ç
		  åóùôåñéêÞ üóï êáé ç óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá, Üó÷åôá áðü ôç
		  ñýèìéóç ôçò åðéëïãÞò <option>-h</option>.  Óçìåéþóôå ùóôüóï
		  üôé ç ñýèìéóç äéðëÞò êïíóüëáò ìðïñåß íá åíåñãïðïéçèåß ìüíï
		  êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç, üóï åêôåëåßôáé ôï boot block.  Ìüëéò
		  äïèåß ï Ýëåã÷ïò óôï öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò, ç ìïíáäéêÞ êïíóüëá
		  ðïõ ðáñáìÝíåé åßíáé áõôÞ ðïõ êáèïñßæåôáé áðü ôçí åðéëïãÞ
		  <option>-h</option>.</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry>
	      <term><option>-P</option></term>

	      <listitem>
		<para>Åíåñãïðïéåß ôçí áíß÷íåõóç ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ ôïõ boot block.
		  Áí äåí âñåèåß ðëçêôñïëüãéï, åíåñãïðïéïýíôáé áõôüìáôá ïé
		  åðéëïãÝò <option>-D</option> êáé <option>-h</option>.</para>

		<note>
		  <para>Ëüãù ðåñéïñéóìþí ÷þñïõ óôçí ôñÝ÷ïõóá Ýêäïóç ôùí boot
		    blocks, ç åðéëïãÞ <option>-P</option> ìðïñåß íá
		    áíé÷íåýóåé ìüíï åêôåôáìÝíá (extended) ðëçêôñïëüãéá.
		    Ðëçêôñïëüãéá ìå ëéãüôåñá áðü 101 ðëÞêôñá (êáé ÷ùñßò ôá
		    ðëÞêôñá <keycap>F11</keycap> êáé <keycap>F12</keycap>)
		    ßóùò íá ìçí áíé÷íåõèïýí.  Åîáéôßáò áõôïý ôïõ ðåñéïñéóìïý,
		    åßíáé ðéèáíü íá ìçí áíé÷íåõèïýí êáé êÜðïéá ðëçêôñïëüãéá
		    öïñçôþí õðïëïãéóôþí.  Áí óõìâáßíåé áõôü óôï óýóôçìá óáò,
		    èá ðñÝðåé íá óôáìáôÞóåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
		    <option>-P</option>.  Äõóôõ÷þò, äåí õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéïò ôñüðïò
		    íá ðáñáêÜìøåôå áõôü ôï ðñüâëçìá.</para>
		</note>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>
	  </variablelist>

	  <para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå åßôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-P</option> ãéá íá
	    åðéëÝîåôå ôçí êïíóüëá áõôüìáôá, Þ ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-h</option>
	    ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôç óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá.</para>

	  <para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ðåñéëÜâåôå êáé Üëëåò åðéëïãÝò ðïõ
	    ðåñéãñÜöïíôáé óôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.boot.8;.</para>

	  <para>¼ëåò ïé åðéëïãÝò åêêßíçóçò, åêôüò ôçò <option>-P</option>,
	    èá ðåñÜóïõí óôï öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò
	    (<filename>/boot/loader</filename>).  Ï öïñôùôÞò åêêßíçóçò èá
	    êáèïñßóåé áí ç êïíóüëá èá äçìéïõñãçèåß óôçí ïèüíç Þ óôç óåéñéáêÞ
	    èýñá, áöïý åîåôÜóåé ìüíï ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-h</option>.  Áõôü
	    óçìáßíåé üôé áí êáèïñßóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-D</option> áëëÜ
	    ü÷é ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-h</option> óôï
	    <filename>/boot.config</filename>, èá ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
	    ôçí óåéñéáêÞ èýñá ùò êïíóüëá ìüíï êáôÜ ôçí åêôÝëåóç ôïõ boot
	    block.  Ï öïñôùôÞò åêêßíçóçò üìùò èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ôçí åóùôåñéêÞ
	    êïíóüëá (ïèüíç).</para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>ÅêêéíÞóôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá.</para>

	  <para>¼ôáí îåêéíÞóåôå ôï &os; ìç÷Üíçìá, ôá boot blocks èá äåßîïõí
	    ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá ôïõ <filename>/boot.config</filename> óôçí êïíóüëá.
	    Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>

	  <screen>/boot.config: -P
Keyboard: no</screen>

	  <para>Ç äåýôåñç ãñáììÞ èá åìöáíéóôåß ìüíï áí âÜëåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	    <option>-P</option> óôï <filename>/boot.config</filename>, êáé
	    äåß÷íåé áí õðÜñ÷åé Þ ü÷é óõíäåìÝíï ðëçêôñïëüãéï.  Ôá ìçíýìáôá
	    áõôÜ êáôåõèýíïíôáé óôçí óåéñéáêÞ Þ óôçí åóùôåñéêÞ êïíóüëá, Þ áêüìá
	    êáé óôéò äýï, áíÜëïãá ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ ðïõ Ý÷åé ãßíåé óôï
	    <filename>/boot.config</filename>.</para>

	  <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	    <tgroup cols="2">
	      <thead>
		<row>
		  <entry align="left">ÅðéëïãÝò</entry>
		  <entry align="left">Ôï ìÞíõìá åìöáíßæåôáé óôçí</entry>
		</row>
	      </thead>

	      <tbody>
		<row>
		  <entry>êáìßá</entry>
		  <entry>åóùôåñéêÞ êïíóüëá</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry><option>-h</option></entry>
		  <entry>óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry><option>-D</option></entry>
		  <entry>åóùôåñéêÞ êáé óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry><option>-Dh</option></entry>
		  <entry>óåéñéáêÞ êáé åóùôåñéêÞ êïíóüëá</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry><option>-P</option>, ðëçêôñïëüãéï óõíäåìÝíï</entry>
		  <entry>åóùôåñéêÞ êïíóüëá</entry>
		</row>

		<row>
		  <entry><option>-P</option>, ÷ùñßò ðëçêôñïëüãéï</entry>
		  <entry>óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá</entry>
		</row>
	      </tbody>
	    </tgroup>
	  </informaltable>

	  <para>ÌåôÜ ôá ðáñáðÜíù ìçíýìáôá, èá õðÜñîåé ìéá ìéêñÞ ðáýóç ðñéí
	    ôá boot blocks óõíå÷ßóïõí öïñôþíïíôáò ôï öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò, êáé
	    ðñéí åìöáíéóôïýí ðåñéóóüôåñá ìçíýìáôá óôçí êïíóüëá.  Õðü êáíïíéêÝò
	    óõíèÞêåò, äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá äéáêüøåôå ôá boot blocks, áëëÜ ßóùò
	    èÝëåôå íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü ãéá íá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé üëá åßíáé
	    ñõèìéóìÝíá óùóôÜ.</para>

	  <para>ÐéÝóôå ïðïéïäÞðïôå ðëÞêôñï åêôüò áðü ôï <keycap>Enter</keycap>
	    óôçí êïíóüëá ãéá íá äéáêüøåôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá åêêßíçóçò.  Ôá boot
	    blocks èá óáò ñùôÞóïõí ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.  Èá ðñÝðåé
	    íá äåßôå êÜôé üðùò ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>

	  <screen>&gt;&gt; FreeBSD/i386 BOOT
Default: 0:ad(0,a)/boot/loader
boot:</screen>

	  <para>Åðáëçèåýóôå üôé ôï ðáñáðÜíù ìÞíõìá åìöáíßæåôáé åßôå óôç
	    óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá, Þ óôçí åóùôåñéêÞ êïíóüëá Þ êáé óôéò äýï, áíÜëïãá
	    ìå ôéò åðéëïãÝò ðïõ Ý÷åôå âÜëåé óôï áñ÷åßï
	    <filename>/boot.config</filename>.  Áí ôï ìÞíõìá åìöáíßæåôáé óôçí
	    óùóôÞ êïíóüëá, ðéÝóôå <keycap>Enter</keycap> ãéá íá óõíå÷ßóåôå
	    ìå ôç äéáäéêáóßá åêêßíçóçò.</para>

	  <para>Áí åðéèõìåßôå óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá, áëëÜ äåí âëÝðåôå ôçí ðñïôñïðÞ
	    óå áõôÞí, õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéï ëÜèïò óôéò ñõèìßóåéò.  Óôï ìåôáîý, ãñÜøôå
	    <option>-h</option> êáé ðéÝóôå <keycap>Enter</keycap> Þ
	    <keycap>Return</keycap> (áí ãßíåôáé) ãéá íá ðåßôå óôï boot block
	    (êáé Ýðåéôá óôï öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò êáé ôïí ðõñÞíá) íá åðéëÝîåé
	    ôç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá ãéá ôçí êïíóüëá.  Ìüëéò ôï óýóôçìá îåêéíÞóåé,
	    êïéôÜîôå îáíÜ ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ãéá íá âñåßôå ðïõ åßíáé ôï
	    ëÜèïò.</para>
	</step>
      </procedure>

      <para>ÌåôÜ ôç öüñôùóç ôïõ öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò, âñßóêåóôå óôï ôñßôï óôÜäéï
	ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò åêêßíçóçò êáé Ý÷åôå áêüìá ôç äõíáôüôçôá íá åðéëÝîåôå
	ìåôáîý ôçò åóùôåñéêÞò êáé óåéñéáêÞò êïíóüëáò, èÝôïíôáò ôéò êáôÜëëçëåò
	ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò óôï öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò.  Äåßôå ôï
	<xref linkend="serialconsole-loader"/>.</para>
    </sect2>

  <sect2 id="serialconsole-summary">
    <title>Ðåñßëçøç</title>

      <para>Åäþ èá âñåßôå ìéá ðåñßëçøç ôùí äéÜöïñùí åðéëïãþí ðïõ
	ðáñïõóéÜóôçêáí óå áõôÞ ôçí åíüôçôá, êáé ôçí êïíóüëá ðïõ åðéëÝ÷èçêå
	ôåëéêÜ.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>1ç Ðåñßðôùóç: ¸÷åôå ÈÝóåé ôï Flag 0x10 ãéá ôç Èýñá
	  <devicename>sio0</devicename></title>

	<programlisting>device sio0 flags 0x10</programlisting>

	<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	  <tgroup cols="4">
	    <thead>
	      <row>
		<entry align="left">ÅðéëïãÝò óôï /boot.config</entry>
		<entry align="left">Êïíóüëá êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôùí boot
		  blocks</entry>
		<entry align="left">Êïíóüëá êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôïõ öïñôùôÞ
		  åêêßíçóçò</entry>
		<entry align="left">Êïíóüëá óôïí ðõñÞíá</entry>
	      </row>
	    </thead>

	    <tbody>
	      <row>
		<entry>êáìßá</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><option>-h</option></entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><option>-D</option></entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ êáé åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><option>-Dh</option></entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ êáé åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><option>-P</option>, ðëçêôñïëüãéï óõíäåìÝíï</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><option>-P</option>, ÷ùñßò ðëçêôñïëüãéï</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ êáé åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
	      </row>
	    </tbody>
	  </tgroup>
	</informaltable>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>2ç Ðåñßðôùóç: ¸÷åôå ÈÝóåé ôï Flag 0x30 ãéá ôçí Èýñá
	  <devicename>sio0</devicename></title>

	<programlisting>device sio0 flags 0x30</programlisting>

	<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	  <tgroup cols="4">
	    <thead>
	      <row>
		<entry align="left">ÅðéëïãÝò óôï /boot.config</entry>
		<entry align="left">Êïíóüëá êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôùí boot
		  blocks</entry>
		<entry align="left">Êïíóüëá êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôïõ öïñôùôÞ
		  åêêßíçóçò</entry>
		<entry align="left">Êïíóüëá óôïí ðõñÞíá</entry>
	      </row>
	    </thead>

	    <tbody>
	      <row>
		<entry>êáìßá</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><option>-h</option></entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><option>-D</option></entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ êáé åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><option>-Dh</option></entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ êáé åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><option>-P</option>, ðëçêôñïëüãéï óõíäåìÝíï</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
	      </row>

	      <row>
		<entry><option>-P</option>, ÷ùñßò ðëçêôñïëüãéï</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ êáé åóùôåñéêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
		<entry>óåéñéáêÞ</entry>
	      </row>
	    </tbody>
	  </tgroup>
	</informaltable>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="serialconsole-tips">
      <title>ÓõìâïõëÝò ãéá ôçí ÓåéñéáêÞ Êïíóüëá</title>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ñýèìéóç Ìåãáëýôåñçò Ôá÷ýôçôáò ãéá ôç ÓåéñéáêÞ Èýñá</title>

	<para>Ïé ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò ôçò óåéñéáêÞò èýñáò åßíáé: 9600
	  baud, 8 bits, ÷ùñßò éóïôéìßá (parity), 1 stop bit.  Áí èÝëåôå íá
	  áëëÜîåôå ôçí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ôá÷ýôçôá ôçò êïíóüëáò, Ý÷åôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù
	  åðéëïãÝò:</para>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>Åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôá boot blocks èÝôïíôáò ôç ìåôáâëçôÞ
	      <makevar>BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED</makevar> ãéá íá ïñßóåôå ôçí íÝá
	      ôá÷ýôçôá êïíóüëáò.  Äåßôå ôï <xref
		linkend="serialconsole-com2"/> ãéá ëåðôïìåñåßò ïäçãßåò ó÷åôéêÜ
	      ìå ôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç íÝùí boot blocks.</para>

	    <para>Áí ç åíåñãïðïßçóç ôçò óåéñéáêÞò êïíóüëáò äåí ãßíåôáé ìÝóù
	      ôçò åðéëïãÞò <option>-h</option>, Þ áí
	      ç óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôïí ðõñÞíá åßíáé
	      äéáöïñåôéêÞ áðü áõôÞ ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôá boot blocks, èá
	      ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åðéëïãÞ óôï áñ÷åßï
	      ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ ðõñÞíá, êáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå Ýíá íÝï
	      ðõñÞíá:</para>

	    <programlisting>options CONSPEED=19200</programlisting>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Óôéò åðéëïãÝò åêêßíçóçò ôïõ ðõñÞíá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï
	      <option>-S</option>.  Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	      <option>-S</option> óôï <filename>/boot.config</filename>.
	      Ç óåëßäá manual &man.boot.8; ðåñéÝ÷åé ìéá ëßóôá ôùí
	      õðïóôçñéæüìåíùí åðéëïãþí, êáé ðåñéãñÜöåé ðùò íá ôéò ðñïóèÝóåôå
	      óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/boot.config</filename>.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÅíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
	      <varname>comconsole_speed</varname> óôï áñ÷åßï
	      <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.</para>

	    <para>Ãéá íá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé áõôÞ ç åðéëïãÞ, èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá
	      èÝóåôå ôéìÝò ãéá ôéò åðéëïãÝò <varname>console</varname>,
	      <varname>boot_serial</varname>, êáé
	      <varname>boot_multicons</varname> óôï ßäéï áñ÷åßï, ôï
	      <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.  ÐáñáêÜôù öáßíåôáé Ýíá
	      ðáñÜäåéãìá ÷ñÞóçò ôïõ <varname>comconsole_speed</varname> ãéá
	      áëëáãÞ ôá÷ýôçôá ôçò óåéñéáêÞò êïíóüëáò:</para>

	    <programlisting>boot_multicons="YES"
boot_serial="YES"
comconsole_speed="115200"
console="comconsole,vidconsole"</programlisting>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="serialconsole-com2">
	<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ÓåéñéáêÞ Èýñá Åêôüò ôçò
	  <devicename>sio0</devicename> ãéá ôçí Êïíóüëá.</title>

	<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå êÜðïéá ðñïãñÜììáôá ãéá íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ùò êïíóüëá ìéá óåéñéáêÞ èýñá åêôüò ôçò
	  <devicename>sio0</devicename>.  Áí ãéá ïðïéïäÞðïôå ëüãï
	  èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Üëëç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá, èá ðñÝðåé íá
	  åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôá boot blocks, ôï öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò êáé ôïí
	  ðõñÞíá, ìå ôïí ôñüðï ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù.</para>

	<procedure>
	  <step>
	    <para>ÁíáêôÞóôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ ðõñÞíá.  (Äåßôå ôï <xref
		linkend="updating-upgrading"/>)</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>
	      êáé èÝóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <literal>BOOT_COMCONSOLE_PORT</literal>
	      óôç äéåýèõíóç ôçò èýñáò ðïõ èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå (0x3F8,
	      0x2F8, 0x3E8 or 0x2E8).  Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ìüíï ôéò
	      èýñåò <devicename>sio0</devicename> ùò
	      <devicename>sio3</devicename> (<devicename>COM1</devicename>
	      ùò <devicename>COM4</devicename>).  ÊÜñôåò ðïëëáðëþí èõñþí, äåí
	      ðñüêåéôáé íá ëåéôïõñãÞóïõí.  Äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ñõèìßóåôå ôçí
	      ôéìÞ ôïõ interrupt.</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï ñýèìéóçò ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïõ ðõñÞíá, êáé
	      ðñïóèÝóôå ôá êáôÜëëçëá flags ãéá ôç óåéñéáêÞ èýñá ðïõ åðéèõìåßôå
	      íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå.  Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí èÝëåôå ç
	      <devicename>sio1</devicename> (<devicename>COM2</devicename>)
	      íá ãßíåé ç êïíóüëá:</para>

	    <programlisting>device sio1 flags 0x10</programlisting>

	    <para>Þ</para>

	    <programlisting>device sio1 flags 0x30</programlisting>

	    <para>Äåí èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå flags êïíóüëáò ãéá ôéò Üëëåò
	      óåéñéáêÝò èýñåò.</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå êáé åãêáôáóôÞóôå îáíÜ ôá boot blocks êáé ôïí
	      öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò:</para>

	    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /sys/boot</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>Åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóôå êáé åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôïí ðõñÞíá.</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>ÃñÜøôå ôá boot blocks óôïí äßóêï åêêßíçóçò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
	      ôçí &man.bsdlabel.8; êáé åêêéíÞóôå ìå ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá.</para>
	  </step>
	</procedure>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="serialconsole-ddb">
	<title>Åßóïäïò óôïí DDB Debugger ÌÝóù ôçò ÓåéñéáêÞò ÃñáììÞò</title>

	<para>Áí èÝëåôå íá åéóÝëèåôå óôïí debugger ôïõ ðõñÞíá áðü ôçí óåéñéáêÞ
	  êïíóüëá (êÜôé ðïõ åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìï ãéá íá åêôåëÝóåôå äéáãíùóôéêÜ áðü
	  áðïìáêñõóìÝíç ôïðïèåóßá, áëëÜ åðßóçò êáé åðéêßíäõíï áí óôåßëåôå êáôÜ
	  ëÜèïò BREAK ìÝóù ôçò óåéñéáêÞò èýñáò!) èá ðñÝðåé íá ðåñéëÜâåôå ôçí
	  ðáñáêÜôù åðéëïãÞ óôïí ðõñÞíá óáò:</para>

	<programlisting>options BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER
options DDB</programlisting>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ÐñïôñïðÞ Åéóüäïõ óôçí ÓåéñéáêÞ Êïíóüëá</title>

	<para>Áí êáé áõôü äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï, ßóùò íá èÝëåôå íá Ý÷åôå
	  ðñïôñïðÞ åéóüäïõ (<emphasis>login</emphasis>) ìÝóù ôçò óåéñéáêÞò
	  ãñáììÞò, ôþñá ðïõ ìðïñåßôå ðëÝïí íá äåßôå ôá ìçíýìáôá åêêßíçóçò êáé
	  íá åéóÝëèåôå óôï debugger ôïõ ðõñÞíá ìÝóù ôçò óåéñéáêÞò êïíóüëáò.
	  Ç äéáäéêáóßá ðåñéãñÜöåôáé ðáñáêÜôù.</para>

	<para>Ìå êÜðïéï óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ, áíïßîôå ôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> êáé âñåßôå ôéò ãñáììÝò:</para>

      <programlisting>ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
ttyu1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
ttyu2 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
ttyu3 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure</programlisting>

	<para>Ïé êáôá÷ùñßóåéò áðü <devicename>ttyu0</devicename> ùò
	  <devicename>ttyu3</devicename> áíôéóôïé÷ïýí óôéò
	  <devicename>COM1</devicename> ùò <devicename>COM4</devicename>.
	  ÁëëÜîôå ôï <literal>off</literal> óå <literal>on</literal> ãéá ôçí
	  èýñá ðïõ åðéèõìåßôå.  Áí Ý÷åôå áëëÜîåé ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá ôçò óåéñéáêÞò
	  èýñáò, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áëëÜîåôå ôï <literal>std.9600</literal> þóôå
	  íá ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ôçí ôñÝ÷ïõóá ñýèìéóç, ð.÷.
	  <literal>std.19200</literal>.</para>

	<para>ÌÜëëïí èá èÝëåôå íá áëëÜîåôå êáé ôïí ôýðï ôïõ ôåñìáôéêïý, áðü
	  <literal>unknown</literal> óôïí ðñáãìáôéêü ôýðïõ ôïõ óåéñéáêïý óáò
	  ôåñìáôéêïý.</para>

	<para>Áöïý áëëÜîåôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò, èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
	  <command>kill -HUP 1</command> þóôå íá åíåñãïðïéçèïýí.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="serialconsole-loader">
      <title>ÁëëáãÞ Êïíóüëáò ìÝóù ôïõ ÖïñôùôÞ Åêêßíçóçò</title>

      <para>Óå ðñïçãïýìåíåò åíüôçôåò, ðåñéãñÜøáìå ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôçí
	óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá áëëÜæïíôáò ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ boot block.  Óôçí
	åíüôçôá áõôÞ, äåß÷íïõìå ðùò ìðïñåßôå íá êáèïñßóåôå ôçí êïíóüëá
	äßíïíôáò êÜðïéåò åíôïëÝò êáé ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò óôïí öïñôùôÞ
	åêêßíçóçò.  Êáèþò ï öïñôùôÞò åêêßíçóçò êáëåßôáé áðü ôï ôñßôï óôÜäéï
	ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò åêêßíçóçò, êáé ìåôÜ ôï boot block, ïé ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ
	öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò õðåñéó÷ýïõí óå ó÷Ýóç ìå áõôÝò ôïõ boot block.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ñýèìéóç ôçò ÓåéñéáêÞò Êïíóüëáò</title>

	<para>Ìðïñåßôå åýêïëá íá êáèïñßóåôå üôé èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ç
	  óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá óôïí öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò êáé óôïí ðõñÞíá ðïõ èá
	  öïñôùèåß, ãñÜöïíôáò áðëþò ìéá ãñáììÞ óôï
	  <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>console="comconsole"</programlisting>

	<para>Ç ñýèìéóç áõôÞ èá åíåñãïðïéçèåß, Üó÷åôá ìå ôï boot block ðïõ
	  óõæçôÞóáìå óôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç åíüôçôá.</para>

	<para>Åßíáé êáëýôåñá ç ãñáììÞ áõôÞ íá åßíáé ç ðñþôç óôï áñ÷åßï
	  <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, þóôå íá âëÝðåôå ôá áñ÷éêÜ
	  ìçíýìáôá åêêßíçóçò óôç óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá.</para>

	<para>Ìå ôïí ßäéï ôñüðï, ìðïñåßôå íá êáèïñßóåôå ôçí åóùôåñéêÞ êïíóüëá
	  ùò:</para>

	<programlisting>console="vidconsole"</programlisting>

	<para>Áí äåí êáèïñßóåôå ôç ìåôáâëçôÞ ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò
	  <envar>console</envar>, ï öïñôùôÞò åêêßíçóçò (êáé Ýðåéôá ï ðõñÞíáò)
	  èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõí ïðïéáäÞðïôå êïíóüëá Ý÷åôå êáèïñßóåé óôï boot
	  block ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-h</option>.</para>

	<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá êáèïñßóåôå ôçí êïíóüëá óôï
	  <filename>/boot/loader.conf.local</filename> Þ óôï
	  <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.</para>

	<para>Äåßôå ôï &man.loader.conf.5; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
	  ðëçñïöïñßåò.</para>

	<note>
	  <para>Ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ, ï öïñôùôÞò åêêßíçóçò äåí Ý÷åé åðéëïãÞ
	    áíôßóôïé÷ç ìå ôçí <option>-P</option> ôïõ boot block, êáé äåí
	    õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéïò ôñüðïò íá ãßíåé áõôüìáôç åðéëïãÞ ìåôáîý
	    åóùôåñéêÞò êáé óåéñéáêÞò êïíóüëáò áíÜëïãá ìå ôçí ðáñïõóßá
	    ðëçêôñïëïãßïõ.</para>
	</note>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>×ñÞóç ÓåéñéáêÞò Èýñáò Åêôüò ôçò <devicename>sio0</devicename>
	  ãéá ôçí Êïíóüëá</title>

	<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò þóôå íá
	  ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ìéá óåéñéáêÞ èýñá äéáöïñåôéêÞ áðü ôçí
	  <devicename>sio0</devicename> ãéá ôç óåéñéáêÞ êïíóüëá.  ÁêïëïõèÞóôå
	  ôç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôï <xref
	    linkend="serialconsole-com2"/>.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="serialconsole-caveats">
      <title>ÐéèáíÝò Ðáãßäåò</title>

      <para>Ç ãåíéêÞ éäÝá åßíáé íá åðéôñÝðåôáé óå üóïõò ôï åðéèõìïýí, íá
	äçìéïõñãÞóïõí åîåéäéêåõìÝíïõò åîõðçñåôçôÝò ðïõ äåí áðáéôïýí êÜñôåò
	ãñáöéêþí êáé ðëçêôñïëüãéá.  Äõóôõ÷þò, áí êáé ôá ðåñéóóüôåñá óõóôÞìáôá
	èá óáò åðéôñÝøïõí íá åêêéíÞóåôå ÷ùñßò ðëçêôñïëüãéï, óå ðïëý ëßãá èá
	ìðïñÝóåôå íá åêêéíÞóåôå ÷ùñßò êÜñôá ãñáöéêþí.  Ôá ìç÷áíÞìáôá ìå BIOS
	ôçò AMI ìðïñïýí íá ñõèìéóôïýí ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï, áðëþò áëëÜæïíôáò ôçí
	åðéëïãÞ <quote>graphics adapter</quote> óôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ CMOS óå
	<quote>Not installed.</quote></para>

      <para>Ôá ðåñéóóüôåñá ìç÷áíÞìáôá ùóôüóï äåí õðïóôçñßæïõí áõôÞ ôçí
	åðéëïãÞ, êáé èá áñíçèïýí íá åêêéíÞóïõí áí äåí âÜëåôå ìéá êÜñôá
	ãñáöéêþí.  Óôá ìç÷áíÞìáôá áõôÜ èá ðñÝðåé íá áöÞóåôå ìéá
	óôïé÷åéþäç (áêüìá êáé ìïíü÷ñùìç) êÜñôá ãñáöéêþí, áí êáé äåí åßíáé
	áðáñáßôçôï íá óõíäÝóåôå êáé ïèüíç.  Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá äïêéìÜóåôå íá
	åãêáôáóôÞóåôå BIOS ôçò AMI.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
</chapter>