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<!ENTITY scratch.ap "<application xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>FreeBSD From Scratch</application>">
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     The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project

     $FreeBSDru: frdp/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/article.xml,v 1.5 2005/06/12 13:52:24 gad Exp $

     Original revision: r43184
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<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="ru">
  <info><title>FreeBSD "Ó ÎÕÌÑ"</title>
    

    <author><personname><firstname>Jens</firstname><surname>Schweikhardt</surname></personname><affiliation>
        <address><email>schweikh@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
      </affiliation></author>

    <copyright>
      <year>2002,2003,2004,2008</year>

      <holder>Jens Schweikhardt</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
      &tm-attrib.freebsd;
      &tm-attrib.adobe;
      &tm-attrib.general;
    </legalnotice>

    <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>

    <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>

  <abstract>
    <para>÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÏÉ ÄÏÓÔÉÖÅÎÉÑ × ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ &scratch.ap;:
      ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
      ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÀ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
      É ÐÒÅÄÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ×ÁÛÉÍÉ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÏÊ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÑ <command>make world</command>
      Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÍ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÏÍ, ÔÏ &scratch.ap; ÒÁÓÛÉÒÑÅÔ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÎÑÔÉÅ ÄÏ
      <command>make evenmore</command>.</para>
  </abstract>
  </info>

  <sect1 xml:id="introduction">
    <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>

    <para>÷Ù ËÏÇÄÁ-ÌÉÂÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÌÉ ×ÁÛÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
      <command>make world</command>?  óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÏÄÎÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÝÁÑ
      ÐÒÉ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÃÅÌÉ
      <buildtarget>installworld</buildtarget> ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÅÒÅÄÉÎÅ, Õ ×ÁÓ
      ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÁÖÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ.
      ìÉÂÏ ÃÅÌØ <buildtarget>installworld</buildtarget> ÏÔÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ,
      Á ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ.  ôÏÇÄÁ ÎÁÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ Fixit CD
      É ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÈ ËÏÐÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÄÅÌÁÌÉ ÐÏÌÇÏÄÁ ÎÁÚÁÄ.</para>

    <para>ñ ÉÓÐÏ×ÅÄÕÀ ÐÏÄÈÏÄ <quote>ÓÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÁÈ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</quote>.  õÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×, É ÄÁÖÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÔÏ,
      ÞÔÏ ÎÉÇÄÅ ÎÅ ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ ÓÔÁÒÏÇÏ, ÔÏ, Ï Þ£Í ÎÅ ÚÁÂÏÔÑÔÓÑ
      ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÏÞÉÓÔËÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
      ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ/ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ×ÁÛÉ ÐÏÒÔÙ É ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ, Á
      ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÔÏÎËÉÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÄÕÍÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
      ÜÔÁ ÚÁÄÁÞÁ ÔÏÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ, ÔÏ ÞÉÔÁÊÔÅ ÄÁÌØÛÅ.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="why">
    <title>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÎÅ (ÎÅ) ÎÕÖÎÁ &scratch.ap;?</title>

    <para>üÔÏ ÚÁËÏÎÏÍÅÒÎÙÊ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ.  õ ÎÁÓ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ
      <application>sysinstall</application> É ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÉÚÕÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ
      ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.</para>

    <para>ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ <application>sysinstall</application> ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ
      × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ, ËÕÄÁ É ËÁË ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ.</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÏÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÕÖÅ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
          ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× É ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ (CD, DVD,
          FTP).  ïÎÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
          <literal>make buildworld</literal>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>ïÎÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ×ÔÏÒÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
          ÕÖÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>ïÎÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ
          <application>Vinum</application> ÉÌÉ
	  <application>ZFS</application>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>ïÎÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ, Á ÌÉÛØ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÕÖÅ
          ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÉÌÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ ÐÏÓÌÅ
          ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÏ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>é ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ, ÎÏ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ ÓÁÍÙÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÆÁËÔÏÒÏ×, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
          ÐÏÌÕÏÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÏÅ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
          <application>sysinstall</application>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>èÏÒÏÛÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
      ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × <link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/makeworld.html">
      òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å</link>, ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  ðÒÉ
      ÜÔÏÍ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ É ÑÄÒÏ.  óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÆÁÊÌÙ
      ÏÂßÑ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ É ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ; ÕÖÅ
      ÎÅÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÏÓÔÁÀÔÓÑ É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÅÐÏÄÎÏÓÉÔØ ÓÀÒÐÒÉÚÙ.  åÓÌÉ ÐÏ
      ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÌÏÓØ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏ, ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÒÕÄÎÏ É ÄÁÖÅ
      ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ.</para>

    <para>&scratch.ap; ÒÅÛÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.  å£ ÓÔÒÁÔÅÇÉÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ:
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ × ÐÕÓÔÏÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï
      ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ
      ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Á.  íÎÏÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ×
      ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ, Á &man.mergemaster.8; ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÚÁÂÏÔÉÔØÓÑ Ï ÔÅÈ,
      ÞÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÏÓØ.  ôÏÎËÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ × ÓÔÁÒÏÊ, ×ÐÌÏÔØ ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ chroot
      × ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÍÙ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÍ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÔÒÉ ÜÔÁÐÁ, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ
      ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÛÁÇ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ, ÌÉÂÏ ×ÙÚÏ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
      <command>make</command>:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para><filename>stage_1.sh</filename>:
          óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÐÕÓÔÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ É ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
          ÌÉÂÏ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.
          úÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><filename>stage_2.sh</filename>:
          õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><filename>stage_3.mk</filename>:
          ÷ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ,
          ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>

    <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅÓØ &scratch.ap; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÎÅÄÅÌØ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
      ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Å£ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ ÄÌÑ
      ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù
      ÐÏÞÕ×ÓÔ×ÕÅÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ.</para>

    <para>íÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ×Ù ÓÌÙÛÁÌÉ É ÄÁÖÅ ÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ <link xlink:href="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/">Linux From Scratch</link>, ÉÌÉ
      LFS ÄÌÑ ËÒÁÔËÏÓÔÉ.  LFS ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ, ËÁË ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÎÕÌÑ ÎÁ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  LFS
      ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÕÐÏÒ ÎÁ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÉ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË
      ÑÄÒÏ, ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒ, ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ, ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
      ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ) É ÄÅÔÁÌÅÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
      ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÁ.  &scratch.ap; ÎÅ ÏÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÏ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÄÅÔÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ.
      íÏÅÊ ÃÅÌØÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ É ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, Á
      ÎÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ËÒÏ×Á×ÙÈ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
      ÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÚÕÞÉÔØ &os; ÄÏ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ, ÎÁÞÎÉÔÅ Ó
      ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ <filename>/usr/src/Makefile</filename> É ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑÍ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ <command>make buildworld</command>.</para>

    <para>÷ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ × &scratch.ap;, ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ Ó×ÏÉ
      ÏÔÒÉÃÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ × ×ÉÄÕ.</para>

    <!-- XXX: èÏÒÏÛÏ ÂÙ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ stage_2.sh Ó ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ
         jail, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ × ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
         stage_1 ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  ðÒÉ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ jail,
         ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ × chroot ÂÅÚ ÄÅÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ
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         ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÁ ÑÄÒÅ 'ÈÏÓÔÁ'. -->

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>ðÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
          × ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÍÅÅÔÅ ÄÅÌÏ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÍ ×
          ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÐÒÏÍÙÛÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÜËÓÐÌÕÁÔÁÃÉÉ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÇÏÔÏ×Ù Ë ÐÒÏÓÔÏÀ,
          Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÜÔÁÐÁ.  ðÏÒÔÙ, ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÅ
          ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ <filename>stage_2.conf.default</filename> ÎÉÖÅ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ
	  ÄÌÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÏËÏÌÏ 8 ÞÁÓÏ× ÎÁ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (4 ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÚÁÊÍÅÔ
	  ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ <application>OpenOffice.org</application>).  åÓÌÉ ×Ù
	  ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, Á ÎÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	  ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÓÏËÒÁÔÉÔØ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÑ, ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÄÏ 10 ÍÉÎÕÔ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="prerequisites">
    <title>ðÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</title>

    <para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÏÍ &scratch.ap;, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
      ÉÍÅÔØ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>òÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ &os; Ó ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍÉ É ÄÅÒÅ×ÏÍ
          ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>ðÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ, ËÕÄÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
          ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>ïÐÙÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó &man.mergemaster.8;.  éÌÉ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ
          ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÓÔÒÁÈÁ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÓÌÁÂÙÊ ËÁÎÁÌ × Internet:
          ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>úÎÁÎÉÅ ÏÓÎÏ× ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÎÁ ÑÚÙËÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ
          Bourne, &man.sh.1;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÍÅÔØ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ
          ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÌÉÂÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ, ÌÉÂÏ ÉÚ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ
          ÆÁÊÌÁ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="stage1">
    <title>üÔÁÐ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ: õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</title>

    <para>÷ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÉ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÛÁÇÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ
      ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ×ÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÌÁÓØ ÅÇÏ
      ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ×ÙÓËÁÚÁÌÉ Ó×ÏÉ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ,
      Ñ ÒÅÛÉÌ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ ËÏÄ É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
      ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÂÅÚ
      ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ Ó ËÏÄÏÍ.</para>

    <para>óËÒÉÐÔ Ó ËÏÄÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÜÔÁÐÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
      <filename>stage_1.sh</filename>, É ÏÎ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
      ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>./stage_1.sh <replaceable>default</replaceable></userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
      <filename>stage_1.conf.default</filename> É ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ × ÆÁÊÌ
      <filename>stage_1.log.default</filename>.</para>

    <para>äÁÌÅÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÍÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>stage_1.conf.default</filename>.
      ÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÄÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÅÇÏ × ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÍÅÓÔÁÈ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ
      ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÌ ×ÁÛÉÍ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÍ Ï <quote>ÉÄÅÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ</quote>.
      ñ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ ÐÒÏËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
      ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ.  ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ
      ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, <command>create_file_systems</command>,
      <command>create_etc_fstab</command>, <command>copy_files</command> É
      <command>all_remaining_customization</command> (× ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ
      ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÍÙÓÌ: ÉÍÅÎÎÏ × ÔÁËÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÚ
      <filename>stage_1.sh</filename>).</para>

    <para>óÌÅÄÕÅÔ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÔÎÅÓÔÉÓØ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>òÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×.</para>

        <para>ñ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÓØ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉËÏÍ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÄÌÑ
          ×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  íÏÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÐÏ
          ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ ÄÌÑ <filename>/</filename>, <filename>/usr</filename>
          É <filename>/var</filename> Ó ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏÍ <filename>/tmp</filename>,
          ÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ × <filename>/var/tmp</filename>.
          ÷ÄÏÂÁ×ÏË Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë
          <filename>/home</filename> (ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ),
          <filename>/home/ncvs</filename> (ËÏÐÉÑ CVS-ÈÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÁ &os;),
          <filename>/usr/ports</filename> (ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÐÏÒÔÏ×),
          <filename>/src</filename> (ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÙÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÈÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÁ ÄÅÒÅ×ØÑ
          ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×) É <filename>/share</filename> (ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ
          ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÅ ËÏÐÉÉ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
          ÓÐÕÌ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÔÅÌÅËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÊ).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>îÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>

        <para>üÔÏ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÒÁÚÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ
          ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÄÁÖÅ ÄÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÜÔÁÐÁ.  ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÏÔËÁÚÁ ÏÔ
	  ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ É ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ × chroot-ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
	  ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÜÔÁÐÁ É ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÍÏÉÈ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
	  ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÔÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉ É ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
	  ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ É ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ: ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
	  ×ÁÛÅ ÓÔÁÒÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ × chroot-ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÙÅ
	  Ä×ÏÉÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÏÂßÑ×ÌÅÎÉÊ.  åÓÌÉ ÎÏ×ÙÅ
	  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ×, ÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	  ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÔØÓÑ <literal>SIGSYS, ðÌÏÈÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ×</literal>, ÔÁË
	  ËÁË ÓÔÁÒÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ×.  ñ ÎÁÂÌÀÄÁÌ
	  É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ
	  ÐÏÒÔÁ <package>lang/perl5.8</package>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ <filename>stage_1.sh</filename>, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ,
      ÞÔÏ ×Ù ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ Ë
      <command>make installworld installkernel</command>, ÔÉÐÁ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌÉ <command>make buildworld</command></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌÉ <command>make buildkernel
          KERNCONF=<replaceable>whatever</replaceable></command></para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÅ <filename>stage_1.sh</filename> ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚ, É
      ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ Ó ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÎÏ×ÕÀ,
      Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÛÉÍ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
      <filename>/usr/src</filename>, <command>mergemaster</command> ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÓ ÎÁ ÏÔÒÁÂÏÔËÕ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ.  ñ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÉÔØ
      ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÁÄÏÅÌÏ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÔØ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
      ÅÄÉÎÏÖÄÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ×ÁÛÅÊ <emphasis>ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ</emphasis> ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
      (åÓÌÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ.  óËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ,
      ÅÓÌÉ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÏÄ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
      <literal>-STABLE</literal>, Á ÄÒÕÇÁÑ Ó <literal>-CURRENT</literal>.
      éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ).  ðÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÙÚÏ×Ù
      ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ <command>mergemaster</command> ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÁÔ, ÞÔÏ RCS-ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÙ
      ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × <filename>/usr/src</filename>,
      É ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÑÔ ÆÁÊÌ.</para>

    <para>óËÒÉÐÔ <filename>stage_1.sh</filename> ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏ (×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÉÔ ÎÅÎÕÌÅ×ÏÊ ËÏÄ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ) ÉÚ-ÚÁ
      <command>set -e</command>, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ.  ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ
      ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÎÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ,
      ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÐÅÞÁÔËÉ.  ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ
      ×ÅÒÓÉÉ <filename>stage_1.conf.default</filename> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË
      ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.</para>

    <para>÷ ÓËÒÉÐÔÅ <filename>stage_1.sh</filename> ÍÙ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍ
      <command>mergemaster</command>.  äÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÉËÁËÉÍ ÆÁÊÌÁÍ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ
      ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÏÎ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ É × ËÏÎÃÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ</para>

    <screen>*** Comparison complete
*** Saving mtree database for future upgrades

Do you wish to delete what is left of /var/tmp/temproot.stage1? [no] <userinput>no</userinput></screen>

    <para>ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÔ×ÅÔØÔÅ <literal>no</literal> ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
      <keycap>Enter</keycap>.  ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ
      <command>mergemaster</command> ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÕÌÅ×ÏÊ ÄÌÉÎÙ ×
      ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/var/tmp/temproot.stage1</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÚÖÅ
      ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ (× ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÈ ÔÁÍ ÅÝÅ ÎÅÔ).</para>

    <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ <command>mergemaster</command> ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÉÔ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÍ ÆÁÊÌÙ É ÕÔÏÞÎÉÔ, ÓÔÏÉÔ ÌÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÊ
      <filename>login.conf</filename>:</para>

    <screen>*** You chose the automatic install option for files that did not
    exist on your system.  The following were installed for you:
      /newroot/etc/defaults/rc.conf
      ...
      /newroot/COPYRIGHT

*** You installed a new aliases file into /newroot/etc/mail, but
    the newaliases command is limited to the directories configured
    in sendmail.cf.  Make sure to create your aliases database by
    hand when your sendmail configuration is done.

*** You installed a login.conf file, so make sure that you run
    '/usr/bin/cap_mkdb /newroot/etc/login.conf'
     to rebuild your login.conf database

    Would you like to run it now? y or n [n]</screen>

    <para>ïÔ×ÅÔ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË <filename>stage_1.sh</filename>
      ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ &man.cap.mkdb.1; × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ.</para>

    <para>÷ÏÔ Á×ÔÏÒÓËÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ <link xlink:href="stage_1.conf.default">
      <filename>stage_1.conf.default</filename></link>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
      ÐÏÔÏÍ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.  ÷ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑÈ ÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÔÏÍ,
      ÞÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ.</para>

    <programlisting>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="../../../en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.conf.default" parse="text"/>
    </programlisting>

    <para>óËÁÞÁÊÔÅ <link xlink:href="stage_1.conf.default">
      <filename>stage_1.conf.default</filename></link>.</para>

    <para>ðÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ
      ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>õÎÁÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÐÉÓËÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÇÒÕÐÐ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë Internet ÐÏ Ethernet Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
          ÍÅÖÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÜËÒÁÎÁ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>ðÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÊ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÑÓ É NTP.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÍÅÌËÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
          <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> É <command>inetd</command>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÇÏÔÏ×Ù Ë ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ
      ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁ×ÅÒۣΠ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÜÔÁÐ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÍÙ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
      ÐÅÞÁÔÉ É X11.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ,
      ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË &postscript;.  X11 ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÐÏËÁ
      ÍÙ ÎÅ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="stage2">
    <title>üÔÁÐ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ: õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</title>

    <note>
      <para>îÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
        (ÕÖÅ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ) ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
        <filename>stage_2.sh</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ, ÞÅÍ
        ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ËÏÍÁÎÄ <command>pkg_add</command>.  ñ ÎÁÄÅÀÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÓÕÍÅÅÔÅ
        ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ.  úÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÓÏÓÒÅÄÏÔÏÞÉÍÓÑ ÎÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÏÍ É
        ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
    </note>

    <para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <filename>stage_2.sh</filename> ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ËÁË
      Ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀ ÍÏÉ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ.  ïÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï
      ÒÁÚ É ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ.  ïÎ
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <emphasis>dryrun</emphasis>-ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ (<option>-n</option>)
      ÄÌÑ ÐÏËÁÚÁ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ.  ÷Ù ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÔÏÞÎÏ
      ÔÁËÖÅ, ËÁË <filename>stage_1.sh</filename>, Ó ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ,
      ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÍ ÎÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>./stage_2.sh <replaceable>default</replaceable></userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÚ
      <filename>stage_2.conf.default</filename>.</para>

    <para>óÐÉÓÏË ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏÞÅË Ó Ä×ÕÍÑ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ
      ÓÌÏ×, ÒÁÚÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁÍÉ: ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÑ É ÐÏÒÔ, ÚÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏ
      ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ
      ÐÏÒÔ (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ: <command>make install BATCH=yes &lt; /dev/null</command>).
      ðÕÓÔÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ É ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ Ó ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ #, ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ.  ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å
      ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× × ÎÉÈ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÉ É ÐÏÒÔ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ
      ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÔÏÎËÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ
      <command>make</command>-ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ:</para>

    <programlisting>www mozilla make WITHOUT_MAILNEWS=yes WITHOUT_CHATZILLA=yes install</programlisting>

    <para>îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ É ÎÅ ÂÙÔØ
      ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍÉ ×ÙÚÏ×ÁÍÉ <command>make</command>:</para>

    <programlisting>java jdk16            echo true &gt; files/license.sh; make install BATCH=yes &lt; /dev/null
print acroread8       yes accept | make install PAGER=ls
x11-fonts gnu-unifont make install &amp;&amp; mkfontdir /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/local
news inn-stable       CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-uucp-rnews --enable-setgid-inews" make install</programlisting>

    <para>÷ ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ Ä×ÕÈ ÓÔÒÏÞËÁÈ ÐÒÏÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÀÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÄÌÑ <package>news/inn-stable</package> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏÍ ÅÄÉÎÏËÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ
      ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <literal>CONFIGURE_ARGS</literal>.  æÁÊÌ
      <filename>Makefile</filename> ÐÏÒÔÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ËÁË ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÅ
      ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ É ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÙ.  òÁÚÎÉÃÁ ×
      ÚÁÄÁÎÉÉ <application>make</application>-ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ
      ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ</para>

    <programlisting>news inn-stable make CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-uucp-rnews --enable-setgid-inews" install</programlisting>

    <para>ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÐÅÒÅÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÏ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÏ.  ÷ÙÂÏÒ ÎÕÖÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ
      ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>

    <para>õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÉ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
      ××ÏÄÁ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÉÍ ÐÏÄÁ£ÔÅ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×Ó£ ÖÅ
      ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ, ÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÞÎÑ
      ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÅ, É ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ.
      åÓÌÉ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <filename>stage_2.sh</filename> ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÌ ÐÏÒÔ
      ÉÌÉ ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÌ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ, ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ × ÜÔÏÍ.</para>

    <para>îÉÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ <filename>stage_2.conf.default</filename>.  äÌÑ
      ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÍ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÓÏÚÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ
      <filename>LOGDIR/category+port</filename>.</para>

    <programlisting>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="../../../en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.conf.default" parse="text"/>
    </programlisting>

    <para>óËÁÞÁÊÔÅ <link xlink:href="stage_2.conf.default">
      <filename>stage_2.conf.default</filename></link>.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="stage3">
    <title>üÔÁÐ ÔÒÅÔÉÊ</title>

    <para>îÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ×ÁÛÉ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ
      ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  éÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ É ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÔÒÅÔÉÊ
      ÜÔÁÐ &mdash; ÜÔÁÐ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  ñ ÍÏÇ ÂÙ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÕ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ × ËÏÎÅà ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ
      <filename>stage_2.sh</filename>.  ïÄÎÁËÏ Ñ ÄÕÍÁÀ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ËÏÎÃÅÐÔÕÁÌØÎÏÅ
      ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÐÏÒÔÁ É ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÅÊ ÅÇÏ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ
      ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, É ÜÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÛÁÇÁ.</para>

    <para>ñ ÒÅÛÉÌ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÒÅÔÉÊ ÜÔÁÐ × ×ÉÄÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ
      <filename>Makefile</filename>, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÌÅÇËÏ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÔØ
      ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ ×ÙÚÏ×ÏÍ:</para>

    <informalexample>
      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -f stage_3.mk <replaceable>target</replaceable></userinput></screen>
    </informalexample>

    <para>ëÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Ó <filename>stage_2.sh</filename>, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ
      <filename>stage_3.mk</filename> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÅÓÔØ ×
      ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉ× ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÌÉÂÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×Á×
      ÅÇÏ ËÕÄÁ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ × ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="limitations">
    <title>ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ</title>

    <para>á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÁ, ÅÓÌÉ
      ÏÎÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ É ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>make
      BATCH=YES install</command>.  äÌÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ
      ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ××ÏÄ <literal>yes</literal> × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ Ï
      ÐÒÉÎÑÔÉÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ.  åÓÌÉ ÔÁËÏÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ
      ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ××ÏÄÁ, ÍÙ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍ
      ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ (Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ:
      <command>yes | make install</command>).  äÌÑ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ×ÁÍ
      ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÏÂÒÁÔØÓÑ, ÇÄÅ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
      É ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÅÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.   ÷ÙÛÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ
      <package>print/acroread8</package> and
      <package>java/jdk16</package>.</para>

    <para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ ×Ï ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
      ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.  ÷ÏÏÂÝÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑ, ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ËÏÇÄÁ É ÓÍÅÎÉÌÓÑ
      ÌÉ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÉÌÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ.  ÷ ÆÁÊÌ
      <filename>/etc/group</filename> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ, ÉÌÉ ×
      <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÐÏÌÅ.
      ÷Ó£ ÜÔÏ ÕÖÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÌÏ × ÐÒÏÛÌÏÍ.  ðÒÏÓÔÏÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ
      ÆÁÊÌÁ ÉÚ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ × ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÍÏÖÅÔ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ
      ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÙÍ, ÎÏ × ÜÔÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
      ËÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ (ÐÕÔ£Í ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×), ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <command>mergemaster</command> ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
      ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ
      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ Ó ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÎÏ×ÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ.  ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ,
      <command>mergemaster</command> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÇÏ
      ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Á ÎÅ Ó ÌÀÂÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ.
      ðÏÈÏÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÅÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÅËÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ
      ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ Ñ ÎÅ ÄÒÅÍÁÌ, É ÍÅÎÑÅÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏ Ä×Á
      ÒÁÚÁ × ÍÅÓÑÃ.  äÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÔÁËÉÈ ÓËÒÙÔÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, Ñ ÄÅÒÖÕ ËÏÐÉÀ
      ÉÚÍÅΣÎÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É <filename>stage_3.mk</filename>
      É ÓÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÀ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ <command>make</command>.
      îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ <application>Apache</application>,
      <filename>httpd.conf</filename>, ÃÅÌØÀ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      <command>config_apache</command>.</para>

<programlisting>
@if ! cmp -s /usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf httpd.conf; then \
    echo "ATTENTION: the httpd.conf has changed. Please examine if"; \
    echo "the modifications are still correct. Here is the diff:"; \
    diff -u /usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf httpd.conf; \
fi
</programlisting>

    <para>åÓÌÉ ÒÁÚÎÉÃÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÎÅÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÁ Ñ ÍÏÇÕ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
      <command>cp /usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf
        httpd.conf</command>.</para>

    <para>ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ &scratch.ap; ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
      <literal>7-CURRENT</literal> ÄÏ <literal>7-CURRENT</literal> É
      <literal>8-CURRENT</literal> ÄÏ <literal>8-CURRENT</literal>, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ
      Ñ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ <literal>8-CURRENT</literal> ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
      <literal>7-STABLE</literal> É ÎÁÏÂÏÒÏÔ.  éÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ
      ÒÅÌÉÚÁÍÉ Ó ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÓÔÁÒÛÉÍÉ ÎÏÍÅÒÁÍÉ Ñ ÏÖÉÄÁÀ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ &scratch.ap; ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
      ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ×ÅÔËÉ <literal>STABLE</literal> ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ÂÅÚÂÏÌÅÚÎÅÎÎÏ
      (ÈÏÔÑ Ñ ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÌ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ).</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 xml:id="files">
    <title>æÁÊÌÙ</title>

    <para>÷ÏÔ ÔÒÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÅÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ, ÞÔÏ
      ÕÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÙ ×ÙÛÅ.</para>

    <para>üÔÏ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <link xlink:href="stage_1.sh">
      <filename>stage_1.sh</filename></link>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
      ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.</para>

    <programlisting>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="../../../en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.conf.default" parse="text"/>
    </programlisting>

    <para>óËÁÞÁÊÔÅ <link xlink:href="stage_1.sh"><filename>stage_1.sh</filename></link>.</para>

    <para>üÔÏ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <link xlink:href="stage_2.sh"><filename>stage_2.sh</filename></link>.  ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ × ÓÁÍÏÍ ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ.</para>

    <programlisting>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="../../../en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.sh" parse="text"/>
    </programlisting>

    <para>óËÁÞÁÊÔÅ <link xlink:href="stage_2.sh"><filename>stage_2.sh</filename></link>.</para>

    <para>üÔÏ ÍÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ <link xlink:href="stage_3.mk"><filename>stage_3.mk</filename></link>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÁÓÔ
      ×ÁÍ ÉÄÅÀ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÀ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÕÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ.</para>

    <programlisting>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="../../../en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.conf.default" parse="text"/>
    </programlisting>

    <para>óËÁÞÁÊÔÅ <link xlink:href="stage_3.mk"><filename>stage_3.mk</filename></link>.</para>
  </sect1>
</article>