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<article lang="ru">
  <articleinfo>
    <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ UFS ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.</title>

    <author>
      <firstname>Manolis</firstname>
      <surname>Kiagias</surname>
      <affiliation>
	<address><email>manolis@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
      </affiliation>
    </author>

    <copyright>
      <year>2008</year>
      <holder role="mailto:manolis@FreeBSD.org">Manolis Kiagias</holder>
    </copyright>

    <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>

    <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
      &tm-attrib.freebsd;
      &tm-attrib.general;
    </legalnotice>

    <abstract>
      <para>öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÕÅÍÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÌÏÇ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ
	ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÊ, ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÔÁËÖÅ
	ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÅÅ ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ËÒÁÈÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÐÁÄÁÎÉÑ
	ÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ. îÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ó£ ÅÝÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÐÏÔÅÒÑ ÎÅÓÏÈÒÁΣÎÎÙÈ
	ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÉÓËÌÀÞÁÅÔ
	×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÎÏÅ
	ÎÅÐÒÅÄ×ÉÄÅÎÎÙÍ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ. öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏËÒÁÝÁÅÔ
	ÄÏ ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍÁ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ
	ÏÔËÁÚÁ. îÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ &os; ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
	UFS ÎÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÌÁÓÓ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ GEOM
	× &os;&nbsp;7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ
	ÄÌÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÔ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
	üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÏÂßÑÓÎÑÅÔ, ËÁË ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ UFS ÄÌÑ
	ÔÉÐÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.</para>
    </abstract>
  </articleinfo>

  <sect1 id="introduction">
    <title>÷ÓÔÕÐÌÅÎÉÅ</title>

    <para>óÅÒ×ÅÒÎÏÅ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎÏ ÏÔ ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ.
      îÁÓÔÏÌØÎÙÊ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÖÅÎ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÙÍ ÐÒÏÐÁÄÁÎÉÑÍ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ,
      ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÑÍ ËÎÏÐËÉ Reset É ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÐÒÏÉÓÛÅÓÔ×ÉÑÍ (ÞÁÓÔÏ
      Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÍ Ó ÎÅÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ), ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ
      Ë ÎÅÐÒÅÄ×ÉÄÅÎÎÙÍ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑÍ. íÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ Soft Updates, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ,
      ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÚÁÝÉÝÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÔÁËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
      × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÆÏÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ. ÷ ÏÞÅÎØ ÒÅÄËÉÈ
      ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÀÔ ÔÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ, ÐÒÉ
      ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÍ ×ÍÅÛÁÔÅÌØÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
      ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÔÅÒÑÎÎÙÍÉ.</para>

    <para>îÏ×ÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ GEOM,
      ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ×ÙÒÕÞÉÔØ × ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ÉÓËÌÀÞÁÑ ×ÒÅÍÑ,
      ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉ×ÁÑÓØ,
      ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ.</para>

    <para>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÌÑ
      ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ UFS ÎÁ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÏÍ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ,
      × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÏÄÉÎ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÁË
      ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. ÷ ÓÔÁÔØÅ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ &os; "Ó ÎÕÌÑ". ûÁÇÉ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÙ É ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ
      ÞÒÅÚÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÍÁÎÉÐÕÌÑÃÉÊ Ó ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ</para>

    <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÉ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÍÏÄÕÌØ <literal>geom_journal</literal> (ÉÌÉ
	  ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÍ ÑÄÒÅ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ,
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÕÀ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, É ËÁËÉÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ (ÐÕÓÔÙÈ) ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ.</para>
      </listitem>


      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÅÐÏÌÁÄËÉ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏÎÉÍÁÔØ ÂÁÚÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÉ ÔÁËÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ,
	  ËÁË &unix; É &os;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>âÙÔØ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙÍ Ó ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os;, Á ÔÁËÖÅ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
	  <application>sysinstall</application>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <warning>
      <para>ðÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ ÚÄÅÓØ, ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÕ Ë ÎÏ×ÏÊ
	ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÁÈ ÅÝÅ ÎÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.
	ôÁË ËÁË ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÒÁÓÛÉÒÉÔØ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ, ×ÁÍ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
	<emphasis>ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ</emphasis> ×ÓÅÈ ÃÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.
	ðÕÔÁÎÉÃÁ × ÎÉÚËÏÕÒÏ×ÎÅ×ÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑÈ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ É ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÆÁÔÁÌØÎÙÍ ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ É ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>
    </warning>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="understanding-journaling">
    <title>òÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × &os;</title>

    <para>öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÏÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ GEOM
      × &os;&nbsp;7.<replaceable>X</replaceable>, ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ
      ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (× ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ext3
      × &linux;), ÏÎÏ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÕÅÔ ÎÁ ÂÌÏÞÎÏÍ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ. á ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ,
      ÞÔÏ ÏÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÏ Ë ÒÁÚÎÙÍ ÔÉÐÁÍ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ,
      ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÄÌÑ &os;&nbsp;7.0-RELEASE ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÏ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ UFS2.</para>

    <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÏÊ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ
      <filename>geom_journal.ko</filename> × ÑÄÒÏ (ÉÌÉ ÓÂÏÒËÏÊ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
      ÑÄÒÁ Ó ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ) É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
      <command>gjournal</command> ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
      ÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ, ×Ù ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÅÔÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ,
      Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ - <filename>/usr</filename>. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ
      ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ (ÓÍ.
      ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ).</para>

    <para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ
      ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ.
      äÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
      <emphasis>ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏÍ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ (data provider)</emphasis>,
      Á ÞÁÓÔØ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÁÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
      <emphasis>ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏÍ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ (journal provider)</emphasis>.
      ðÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ,
      ÅÓÌÉ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÍÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ.
      á ÅÓÌÉ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ, Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ
      ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉË ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ.
      ÷ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ Ä×ÕÈ ×ÙÛÅÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
      <command>gjournal</command> ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÉ É ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ
      ËÏÎÅÞÎÕÀ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÕÅÍÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>÷Ù ÎÁÍÅÒÅ×ÁÅÔÅÓØ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
	  <filename>/usr</filename>, ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÎÕÀ ÎÁ
	  <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1f</filename>,
	  ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÕÖÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>÷Ù ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ÞÁÓÔØ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
	  <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1g</filename>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>gjournal</command>,
	  ÓÏÚÄÁÅÍ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
	  <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1f.journal</filename>,
	  ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1f</filename>
	  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏÍ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, Á
	  <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1g</filename> &mdash;
	  ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉË ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ. üÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑÈ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>òÁÚÍÅÒ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ÏÔ×ÏÄÉÍÏÇÏ ÐÏÄ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉË ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ,
      ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÎÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Á ÎÅ ÏÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ
      ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ
      ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÏÔ×ÅÓÔÉ 1&nbsp;ç ÐÏÄ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉË ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <filename>/usr</filename>, × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ,
      ÉÍÅÀÝÅÍÕ ÉÎÔÅÎÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÊ ××ÏÄ/×Ù×ÏÄ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
      ×ÉÄÅÏ) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÅ. åÓÌÉ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÁ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÅ
      ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÚÁËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÎØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÓÂÒÏÓ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÎÁ
      ÄÉÓË, &mdash; ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÐÁÎÉËÕ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>

    <note>
      <para>ïÞÅÎØ ÍÁÌÏ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ, ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ,
	ÓÔÁÎÕÔ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÙÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ (ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
	×Ù ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ×ÅÂ-ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ, ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔÅ ÔÅËÓÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÉÇÒÙ×ÁÅÔÅ
	ÍÕÌØÔÉÍÅÄÉÊÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ). åÓÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔ
	ÉÎÔÅÎÓÉ×ÎÕÀ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÕÀ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÓÔÉ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÐÒÉÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ: ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ïúõ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
	ÕÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ × 30% ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ, ÏÔ×ÅÄÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÄ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×
	×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ 1&nbsp;ç ïúõ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÐÏÄ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉË
	ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÏËÏÌÏ 3.3&nbsp;çÂ. (õÍÎÏÖØÔÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ïúõ
	× 3.3 ÒÁÚÁ, ÞÔÏÂ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ).</para>
    </note>

    <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ,
      ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÊÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÎÕÀ &man.gjournal.8;.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="reserve-space">
    <title>äÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os;</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>÷ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÐÏÄ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</title>

      <para>ôÉÐÉÞÎÙÊ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÙÊ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÄÉÎ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË, ÎÁ
	ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ ËÁË ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÔÁË É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ
	ÄÁÎÎÙÅ. ÷ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÓÈÅÍÁ ÒÁÚÂÉÔÉÑ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÁ (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ),
	×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÁÑ × ÍÅÎÀ <application>sysinstall</application>, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	ÂÏÌÅÅ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÊ: ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÏÍÕ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <filename>/var</filename>, × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÁË ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
	<filename>/usr</filename> ×ÙÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ
	ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ××ÉÄÕ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ É ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
	ÐÜËÜÄÖÅÊ ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ × ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ <filename>/usr</filename>.
	</para>

      <para>òÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ (ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍÏÅ ÐÒÉ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÉ <keycap>A</keycap>
	× ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× &os;, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÍ
	<application>Disklabel</application>) ÎÅ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ.
	ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÊ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
	ÄÌÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ. ÷×ÉÄÕ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <filename>/usr</filename> &mdash;
	ÎÁÉÂÏÌØÛÉÊ, ÅÓÔØ ÓÍÙÓÌ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
	ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÅ ÄÌÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ.</para>

      <para>÷ ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ 80&nbsp;çÂ.
	óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÓËÒÉÎÛÏÔ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ,
	×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ <application>Disklabel</application>
	× ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="disklabel1.png">
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎÅÅ ×ÁÓ ÕÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔ, ÔÏ ÅÇÏ ÌÅÇËÏ
	ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÅÌËÁÍÉ
	ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÄÅÌÉÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ, ÏÔ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÄ
	<filename>/usr</filename>, ÐÏÔÏÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <keycap>D</keycap>
	ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÅÇÏ.</para>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÐÏÄÓ×ÅÞÉ×ÁÎÉÅ Ë ÉÍÅÎÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÅÍÕÓÑ ××ÅÒÈÕ
	ÜËÒÁÎÁ, É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <keycap>C</keycap> &mdash; ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
	<filename>/usr</filename>. îÏ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÎÁ 1&nbsp;çÂ
	(ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ <filename>/usr</filename>)
	ÉÌÉ ÎÁ 2&nbsp;ç (ÅÓÌÉ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÐÏÄÌÅÖÁÔ ËÁË
	<filename>/usr</filename>, ÔÁË É <filename>/var</filename>).
	÷Ï ×ÓÐÌÙ×ÁÀÝÅÍ ÏËÎÅ ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ "ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ" É ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ
	<filename>/usr</filename> ÔÏÞËÏÊ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>

      <note>
	<para>óÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÌÉ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ <filename>/var</filename> ÒÁÚÄÅÌ?
	  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÅÓÔØ ÓÍÙÓÌ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÒÅÛÉÔØ
	  ÎÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ <filename>/var</filename>, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	  ÎÁ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ ÎÅ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÉÔ ×ÒÅÄÁ.  åÓÌÉ
	  ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÁ (ÞÔÏ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ),
	  ÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÙÄÅÌÉÔØ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÐÏÄ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ.</para>

	<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä×ÕÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍ: <filename>/usr</filename> É <filename>/var</filename>.
	  åÓÔÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÄËÏÒÒÅËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÕ ÐÏÄ Ó×ÏÉ
	  ÚÁÄÁÞÉ.</para>
      </note>

      <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ÕÓÌÏÖÎÑÔØ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÕÀ ÍÅÔÏÄÉËÕ, ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×,
	ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÏ×, ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ
	<application>sysinstall</application>. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
	ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ <application>sysinstall</application> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ
	ÔÏÞÅË ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ×ÁÍÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ. îÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ,
	ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÙ, ×ÁÍ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ É ÎÉËÕÄÁ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÎÅ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ.</para>

      <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ× Ï ÔÏÞËÁÈ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÍÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÄÉÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ
	ÐÏÄ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÙ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÍ ÉÈ ÔÉÐ × swap. òÁÚÄÅÌ, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÌÑ
	Ó×ÏÐÁ, ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ É ÎÉËÕÄÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ, ÐÌÀÓ Ë ÔÏÍÕ, ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ
	<application>sysinstall</application> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÐÏÄ Ó×ÏÐ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
	ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÄÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>,
	ÕÄÁÌÉ× × Î£Í ÌÉÛÎÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ Ï Ó×ÏÐ-ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÐ-ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÅÌËÁÍÉ,
	ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÊÔÅ ÐÏÄÓ×ÅÞÉ×ÁÎÉÅ Ë ×ÅÒÈÎÅÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÜËÒÁÎÁ × ÕÔÉÌÉÔÅ
	<application>Disklabel</application> ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÔÁÌÏ ÐÏÄÓ×ÅÞÅÎÎÙÍ
	ÉÍÑ ÄÉÓËÁ. ðÏÔÏÍ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <keycap>N</keycap>, ××ÅÄÉÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ
	ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ (<replaceable>1024M</replaceable>), Á ÐÏÓÌÅ &mdash;
	×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ×Ï ×ÓÐÌÙ×ÛÅÍ ÏËÎÅ <quote>swap space</quote>. ðÏ×ÔÏÒÉÔÅ
	ÜÔÉ ÛÁÇÉ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÈÓÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÏ×. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÍÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÍ
	Ä×Á ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÁÔØÓÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÙ ÄÌÑ
	<filename>/usr</filename> É <filename>/var</filename>. ëÏÎÅÞÎÙÊ
	ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎ ÎÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÓËÒÉÎÛÏÔÅ:</para>

      <mediaobject>
	<imageobject>
	  <imagedata fileref="disklabel2.png">
	</imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>ðÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÍÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÔØ
	ÎÁ ÂÕÍÁÇÕ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× É ÉÈ ÔÏÞÅË ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ: Ó ÜÔÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ
	×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ Ó×ÅÒÑÔØÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÝÉÈ Ë ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
	óÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÔÁÂÌÉÞËÁ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ ÎÁÛÉ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ, ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ
	ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ:</para>

      <table pgwide="1">
	<title>òÁÚÄÅÌÙ É ÖÕÒÎÁÌÙ</title>
	<tgroup cols="3">
	<thead>
	  <row>
	    <entry>òÁÚÄÅÌ</entry>
	    <entry>ôÏÞËÁ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</entry>
	    <entry>öÕÒÎÁÌ</entry>
	  </row>
	</thead>

	<tbody>
	  <row>
	    <entry>ad0s1d</entry>
	    <entry>/var</entry>
	    <entry>ad0s1h</entry>
	  </row>

	  <row>
	    <entry>ad0s1f</entry>
	    <entry>/usr</entry>
	    <entry>ad0s1g</entry>
	  </row>
	</tbody>
      </table>

      <para>äÁÌØÛÅ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÊÔÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÕÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÍÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ
	×ÁÍ ÏÔÌÏÖÉÔØ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÀ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× (ÐÁËÅÔÏ×)
	ÄÏ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="first-boot">
      <title>ðÅÒ×ÁÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ</title>

      <para>÷ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÓÑ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÐÏÄÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> É ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÔÅ
	ÌÉÛÎÉÅ Ó×ÏÐ-ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÌÉ ÐÏÄ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÙ.
	ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, × ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
	ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ <application>sysinstall</application>, ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
	ÓÕÆÆÉËÓ <quote>b</quote> (× ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÜÔÏ ad0s1b). õÄÁÌÉÔÅ
	ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ Ï Ó×ÏÐ-ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ
	&os; ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÎÅÔ ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.</para>

      <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÇÏÔÏ× Ë
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
    </sect2>

  <sect1 id="configure-journal">
    <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</title>

    <sect2 id="running-gjournal">
      <title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>gjournal</command></title>

      <para>ðÏÄÇÏÔÏ×É× ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÅÍ Ë ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ
	ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. îÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ ×
	ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÚÁÌÏÇÉÎÉÍÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ
	<username>root</username> É ÎÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÅÍ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput></screen>

      <para>îÁÖÍÉÔÅ <keycap>Enter</keycap> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÁ. îÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÄÌÅÖÁÔ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, × ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÜÔÏ
	<filename>/usr</filename> É <filename>/var</filename>.</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>umount /usr /var</userinput></screen>

      <para>úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÑÄÒÁ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal load</userinput></screen>

      <para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ Ó×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ ÓÏ Ó×ÏÉÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ É ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔÅ, ËÁËÉÅ
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÄ ËÁËÏÊ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ. ÷ ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
	<filename>/usr</filename> ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ
	<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1f</filename>, Á ÅÇÏ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ <filename class="devicefile">ad0s1g</filename>,
	É, ÐÏ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÉ, ÄÌÑ <filename>/var</filename>: ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
	ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ <filename class="devicefile">ad0s1d</filename>,
	Á ÅÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ &mdash; ÎÁ <filename class="devicefile">ad0s1h</filename>.
	îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label ad0s1f ad0s1g</userinput>

GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.

&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label ad0s1d ad0s1h</userinput>

GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.</screen>

      <note>
	<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÓÅËÔÏÒ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÉÚ Ä×ÕÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× (ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ×
	  ÄÁÎÎÙÈ) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>gjournal</command>
	  ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÉÔ ÏÛÉÂËÕ. ÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÌÁÇ
	  <option>-f</option> ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label -f ad0s1d ad0s1h</userinput></screen>
	<para>ôÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏ &mdash; ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÁÌÏ×ÅÒÏÑÔÅÎ ÆÁËÔ,
	  ÞÔÏ ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÎÏ.</para>
      </note>

      <para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ Ä×Á ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á:
	<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1d.journal</filename> É
	<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1f.journal</filename>. ïÎÉ
	ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ <filename>/var</filename> É <filename>/usr</filename>
	ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. ðÅÒÅÄ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ, ÎÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÆÌÁÇ
	ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÓÎÑÔØ ÆÌÁÇ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ Soft Updates:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -J enable -n disable ad0s1d.journal</userinput>

tunefs: gjournal set
tunefs: soft updates cleared

&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -J enable -n disable ad0s1f.journal</userinput>

tunefs: gjournal set
tunefs: soft updates cleared</screen>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÏÐÃÉÀ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <option>async</option>):</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o async /dev/ad0s1d.journal /var</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o async /dev/ad0s1f.journal /usr</userinput></screen>

      <para>ïÔËÒÏÊÔÅ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> É ÉÓÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÌÑ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ: <filename>/usr</filename> É
	<filename>/var</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>/dev/ad0s1f.journal     /usr            ufs     rw,async      2       2
/dev/ad0s1d.journal     /var            ufs     rw,async      2       2</programlisting>

      <warning>
	<para>õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÙÅ ×ÙÛÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ, ÉÎÁÞÅ ÓÔÁÒÔ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÔÉÞÎÙÍ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ!</para>
      </warning>

      <para>é ÎÁÐÏÓÌÅÄÏË, ÐÏÄÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ
	<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>: ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
	É ÍÏÄÕÌØ &man.gjournal.8; ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÒÉ ÓÔÁÒÔÅ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:</para>

      <programlisting>geom_journal_load="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>ðÏÚÄÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍ! öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ. ÷ÁÍ
	ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÌÉÛØ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ <userinput>exit</userinput> ÄÌÑ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ
	× ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ	ÒÅÖÉÍ ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
	ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ (ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ). ÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
	×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ:</para>

      <screen>ad0: 76293MB XEC XE800JD-00HBC0 08.02D08 at ata0-master SATA150
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d clean.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1f clean.</screen>

      <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÅÐÒÅÄ×ÉÄÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

      <screen>GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d consistent.</screen>

      <para>üÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÞÔÏ &man.gjournal.8; ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ × ÖÕÒÎÁÌÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ë ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÍÕ
	ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÀ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="gjournal-new">
      <title>öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×</title>

      <para>ðÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ ×ÙÛÅ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
	ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ. öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÕÓÔÙÈ
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÝÅ, ××ÉÄÕ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉË ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉË
	ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ É ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙÌ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË É ÂÙÌ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad1s1d</filename>. óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ
	ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÎÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÅÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label ad1s1d</userinput></screen>

      <para>òÁÚÍÅÒ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ &mdash; 1&nbsp;ç ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ËÌÀÞ <option>-s</option>. úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
	ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ × ÂÁÊÔÁÈ, × ËÉÌÏÂÁÊÔÁÈ, ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ ÉÌÉ ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ
	(ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÓÕÆÆÉËÓ <literal>K</literal>, <literal>M</literal> ÉÌÉ
	<literal>G</literal>). éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
	<command>gjournal</command> ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ×ÁÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ
	ÎÅÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÏ ÍÁÌÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ.</para>

      <para>ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ × 2çÂ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label -s 2G ad1s1d</userinput></screen>

      <para>äÁÌÅÅ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ,
	Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÌÀÞÏÍ <option>-J</option>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -J /dev/ad1s1d.journal</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="configure-kernel">
      <title>÷ÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ</title>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÖÅÌÁÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ <literal>geom_journal</literal>
	ËÁË ÍÏÄÕÌØ, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÐÒÑÍÏ × ×ÁÛÅ
	ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ. òÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ,
	ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>

      <programlisting>options UFS_GJOURNAL # ðÒÉÍ.: üÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ × GENERIC

options GEOM_JOURNAL # á ÜÔÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ</programlisting>

      <para>óÏÂÅÒÉÔÅ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑÍ
	<ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/kernelconfig.html">
	òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os;&nbsp;.</ulink></para>

      <para>é ÎÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ
	(<quote>load</quote>) ÉÚ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>
	(ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÏÎÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÔÕÄÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÁ).</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="troubleshooting-gjournal">
    <title>õÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÐÏÌÁÄÏË Ó ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ</title>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ËÁÓÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÅÐÏÌÁÄÏË,
      Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ.</para>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
	<question id="kernel-panic">
	  <para>ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ.
	    ëÁË ÜÔÏ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ Ó ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>÷ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÎØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ
	    ÓÂÒÏÓ ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË. ðÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ
	    ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, Á ÎÅ ÏÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.
	    åÓÌÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÙÓÏËÁÑ, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÂÏÌØÛÅÇÏ
	    ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ. óÍ. ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
	    <link linkend="understanding-journaling">òÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ
	    ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</link></para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="unable-boot">
	  <para>ñ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÌ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,
	    ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ. íÏÖÎÏ ÜÔÏ ËÁË-ÎÉÂÕÄØ
	    ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>÷Ù ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁÂÙÌÉ ×ÎÅÓÔÉ ÚÁÐÉÓØ (ÏÐÅÞÁÔÁÌÉÓØ) ×
	    <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, ÌÉÂÏ ÅÓÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ×
	    ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. üÔÏ ÌÅÇËÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ.
	    îÁÖÍÉÔÅ <keycap>Enter</keycap>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ
	    ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÁ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.
	    ðÏÔÏÍ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat /boot/loader.conf</userinput></screen>

	  <para>åÓÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓØ <literal>geom_journal_load</literal>,
	    ÉÌÉ ÏÎÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÄÕÔÓÑ.
	    úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, ÐÒÉÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ×ÓÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ É
	    ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ × ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ (ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÊÔÅ
	    ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ).</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal load</userinput>

GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d clean.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1f clean.

&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput>
<emphasis>(boot continues)</emphasis></screen>

	  <para>åÓÌÉ ÖÅ ÚÁÐÉÓØ Ï <literal>geom_journal_load</literal>
	    ×ÅÒÎÁ, ÔÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.
	    ÷ÅÒÏÑÔÎÅÊ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ ÏÐÅÞÁÔËÕ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ
	    ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ
	    ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÅÓÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ É ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ × ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ
	    ÒÅÖÉÍ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question id="remove-journaling">
	  <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÏÔËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ
	    Ë ÍÏÅÊ ÐÒÉ×ÙÞÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Ó ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏÍ Soft Updates?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>îÅÓÏÍÎÅÎÎÏ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÕÀ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ
	    ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ. òÁÚÄÅÌÙ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ
	    ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ× ÖÕÒÎÁÌÏ×, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÚÖÅ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
	    ÃÅÌÅÊ.</para>

	  <para>úÁÌÏÇÉÎØÔÅÓØ <username>root</username> É ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
	    × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput></screen>

	  <para>òÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>umount /usr /var</userinput></screen>

	  <para>óÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÙ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal sync</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ïÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ× ÖÕÒÎÁÌÏ×:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal stop ad0s1d.journal</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal stop ad0s1f.journal</userinput></screen>

	  <para>õÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÈ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ
	    ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1d</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1f</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1g</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1h</userinput></screen>

	  <para>óÎÉÍÉÔÅ ÆÌÁÇ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÆÌÁÇ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ Soft
	    Updates:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -J disable -n enable ad0s1d</userinput>

tunefs: gjournal cleared
tunefs: soft updates set

&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -J disable -n enable ad0s1f</userinput>

tunefs: gjournal cleared
tunefs: soft updates set</screen>

	  <para>óÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ (ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÅ) ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o rw /dev/ad0s1d /var</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o rw /dev/ad0s1f /usr</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ïÔËÒÏÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> É ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÉÔÅ
	    ÅÇÏ Ë ÉÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ×ÉÄÕ:</para>

          <programlisting>/dev/ad0s1f     /usr            ufs     rw      2       2
/dev/ad0s1d     /var            ufs     rw      2       2</programlisting>


	  <para>é ÎÁÐÏÓÌÅÄÏË, ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÀÝÕÀ ÍÏÄÕÌØ
	    <literal>geom_journal</literal>, ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	    <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ
	    ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>

	</answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="further-reading">
    <title>äÌÑ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÇÏ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÌÅÎÉÑ</title>

    <para>öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ &mdash; ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
      &os;, É ËÁË ÔÁËÏ×Á, ÏÎÁ ÅÝÅ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ×Ù
      ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÞÔÉ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÉ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>îÏ×ÙÊ <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/geom-gjournal.html">ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
	  òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD</ulink>, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÎÙÊ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><ulink url="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-June/064043.html">üÔÏÔ ÐÏÓÔ</ulink>
	  × ÓÐÉÓËÅ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ &a.current.name;, ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ &a.pjd; &mdash;
	  Á×ÔÏÒÏÍ &man.gjournal.8;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><ulink url="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-questions/2008-April/173501.html">üÔÏÔ ÐÏÓÔ</ulink>
	  ÏÔ &a.ivoras; × ÓÐÉÓËÅ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ &a.questions.name;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>óÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.gjournal.8; É &man.geom.8;.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>
</article>