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<article lang="ru">
  <articleinfo>
    <title>&os;: Open Source ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Á &linux;</title>

    <author>
      <firstname>Dru</firstname>
      <surname>Lavigne</surname>
      <affiliation>
        <address><email>dru@isecom.org</email></address>
      </affiliation>
    </author>

    <copyright>
      <year>2005</year>
      <holder role="mailto:dru@isecom.org">Dru Lavigne</holder>
    </copyright>

    <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>

    <releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>

    <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
      &tm-attrib.freebsd;
      &tm-attrib.linux;
      &tm-attrib.unix;
      &tm-attrib.general;
    </legalnotice>

    &legalnotice;

    <abstract>
      <para>ãÅÌØ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÉ - ÏÂßÑÓÎÉÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË É
	ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ &os;, É ÇÄÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔØ
	ÜÔÉ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ Ó &linux;.  üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÕÀ
	ÔÏÞËÕ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎ × ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÉ Open Source ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×
	ìÉÎÕËÓÕ.</para>
    </abstract>
  </articleinfo>

  <sect1 id="introduction">
    <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>

    <para>&os; - ÜÔÏ &unix; ÐÏÄÏÂÎÁÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÎÁ
      Berkeley Software Distribution. èÏÔÑ É &os; É &linux; ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ,
      ËÁË ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÈÏÖÉÅ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÑ:</para>

    <orderedlist>

      <listitem>

	<para>&linux; ÓÁÍ ÐÏ ÓÅÂÅ - ÑÄÒÏ.  äÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ: Red Hat,
	  Debian, Suse É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ) ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÝÉË É ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ.  îÁ http://www.linux.org/dist ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ ÓÐÉÓÏË,
	  × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ 300 ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ï×.
	  ðÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍ ÇÉÂËÏÓÔÉ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÁËÏÇÏ
	  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ï× ÔÁËÖÅ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
	  ÎÁ×ÙËÏ× ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÅ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ.  äÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù
	  ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÌÅÇËÏÓÔØÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ,
	  Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÍÉ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÁÍÉ,
	  ÏËÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁÍÉ É ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁÍÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ËÏÒÒÅËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	  (patching) ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ.</para>

        <para>&os; - ÜÔÏ ÐÏÌÎÏÃÅÎÎÁÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ (ÑÄÒÏ É
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ) Ó ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÚÁÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×Á×ÛÉÍ ÓÅÂÑ ÎÁÓÌÅÄÉÅÍ,
	  ÕÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ Ó×ÏÉÍÉ ËÏÒÎÑÍÉ × ÉÓÔÏËÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ Unix
	  <footnote>
	    <para>ëÒÁÔËÁÑ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÑ ÎÁ <ulink url="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/kirkmck.html"></ulink>.</para>
	  </footnote>.
	  ôÁË ËÁË É
	  ÑÄÒÏ É ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÐÏÄ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÅÍ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ
	  ÐÏ ×ÙÐÕÓËÕ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× - ÍÅÎØÛÅ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË.
	  õÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÉ × ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ÐÏ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÉÌÉ
	  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÄÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁÊÌ
	  (Release Notes, úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÕ), ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÕÂÌÉÞÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ
	  ÎÁ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ <ulink
	  url="http://www.FreeBSD.org">×ÅÂ-ÓÁÊÔÁ &os;</ulink>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>&os; ÉÍÅÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ É ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÕÀ
	  ÂÁÚÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ
	  ÂÙÓÔÒÏ É ÐÏÄ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÅÍ.  óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÔÙÓÑÞ
	  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÓÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔ ËÏÄ ÎÁ ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÊ ÏÓÎÏ×Å, ÎÏ
	  ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏËÏÌÏ 300 ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÉÍÅÀÔ, ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ, ËÏÍÍÉÔ ÂÉÔ É
	  ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ ×ÎÏÓÉÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄÒÏ, ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ É ÏÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÕÀ
	  ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ.  çÒÕÐÐÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× (release engineering
	  team) ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÉÔ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØ, Á ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÏÆÉÃÅÒÏ× ÐÏ
	  ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ (security officer team) ÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÁ ÚÁ ÒÅÁËÃÉÀ ÎÁ ÉÎÃÉÄÅÎÔÙ,
	  Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ.  ÷ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
	  ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÍÁÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ ÉÚ 8 ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÈ ËÏÍÍÉÔÅÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔ ÏÂÝÅÅ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ðÒÏÅËÔÁ.</para>

        <para>÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓËÁÚÁÎÎÏÍÕ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Linux ÑÄÒÏ
	  ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÖÄÁÔØ ÏÄÏÂÒÅÎÉÑ  ÍÅÊÎÔÅÊÎÅÒÏÍ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÑÄÒÁ,
	  ìÉÎÕÓÏÍ ôÏÒ×ÁÌØÄÓÏÍ (Linus Torvalds).  ÷ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
	  × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ.  ÷Ó£ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ
	  ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏ× ËÁÖÄÏÊ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÊ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á É
	  ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>

        <para>èÏÔÑ É &os; É &linux; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ Open Source ÍÏÄÅÌØ
	  ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÓÁÍÉ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ.  Linux ÑÄÒÏ
	  ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÄ <ulink
	  url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php">GPL ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÅÊ</ulink>, Á
	  &os; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ <ulink
	  url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php">BSD ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÀ</ulink>.
	  üÔÉ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ Open Source ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÁ
	  ×ÅÂ-ÓÁÊÔÅ <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/">Open Source
	  éÎÉÃÉÁÔÉ×Á</ulink>.</para>

        <para>÷ÅÄÕÝÁÑ ÆÉÌÏÓÏÆÉÑ GPL - ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÄ ÏÓÔÁÎÅÔÓÑ
	  × ÒÁÍËÁÈ Open Source; ÜÔÏ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÕÔ£Í ÎÁÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ
	  ÎÁ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ËÏÄÁ ÐÏÄ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÅÊ GPL.  BSD ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÑ, ÎÁÏÂÏÒÏÔ,
	  ÎÅ ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, ÞÔÏ ÄÁ£Ô ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ
	  ÍÅÖÄÕ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÄÁ × ÒÁÍËÁÈ Open Source ÉÌÉ ÚÁËÒÙÔÉÅÍ ËÏÄÁ ×
	  ÐÒÏÐÒÉÅÔÁÒÎÏÍ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÏÍ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÅ
	  <footnote>
	    <para>äÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÏÂßÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ×ÚÇÌÑÄ ÎÁ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Á ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ
	      ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÎÁ <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_and_GPL_licensing"></ulink>.</para>
	  </footnote>.
	  îÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÇÏ
	  É ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÐÏÄ ÚÁÍÁÎÞÉ×ÏÊ BSD ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÅÊ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÞÔÏ
	  ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <ulink url="http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/darwin/faq.html">Apple OS X</ulink>
	  ÂÁÚÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ËÏÄÅ FreeBSD.  üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù
	  ×ÙÂÅÒÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÄÁ × ×ÁÛÉÈ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁÈ ÐÏÄ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÅÊ BSD,
	  ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÂÅÚ ÕÇÒÏÚÙ ÂÕÄÕÝÅÊ ÀÒÉÄÉÞÅÓËÏÊ
	  ÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="freebsd-features">
    <title>èÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ &os;</title>

    <sect2 id="freebsd-features-platforms">
      <title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ</title>

      <para>&os; ÉÍÅÅÔ ÒÅÐÕÔÁÃÉÀ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÊ, ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ &intel; (&i386;) ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ.  ôÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, &os; ÔÁËÖÅ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem><simpara>alpha</simpara></listitem>
        <listitem><simpara>amd64</simpara></listitem>
        <listitem><simpara>ia64</simpara></listitem>
        <listitem><simpara>&i386;</simpara></listitem>
        <listitem><simpara>pc98</simpara></listitem>
        <listitem><simpara>&sparc64;</simpara></listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>÷ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ, ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÐÏ ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ &os; ÎÁ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem><simpara>&arm;</simpara></listitem>
        <listitem><simpara>&mips;</simpara></listitem>
        <listitem><simpara>&powerpc;</simpara></listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>ðÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÓÐÉÓËÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏÂÙ ×Ù ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ ×ÁÛÅ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.  äÌÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÁÑ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ RAID É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×.</para>

      <para>&os; ÔÁËÖÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÅÌÉËÏÌÅÐÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÅÊ É ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÏ×!  ïÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ X Window System, ÔÕ ÖÅ, ÞÔÏ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × &linux; ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÁÈ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÏÇÏ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ.  FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ
	13,000 ÐÒÏÓÔÙÈ × ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ ÏÔ ÔÒÅÔØÉÈ ÌÉÃ
	<footnote>
	  <para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
	    <ulink url="&url.base;/ports">ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD</ulink>:
	    ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ
	    <command>pkg_add -r ÉÍÑ_ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ</command>.</para>
	</footnote>,
	×ËÌÀÞÁÑ KDE, Gnome É OpenOffice.</para>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÅËÔÏ×, ÐÒÉÚ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÏÂÌÅÇÞÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ &os; ×
	ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÄÅÓËÔÏÐÁ.  îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para><ulink
	  url="http://www.desktopbsd.net">DesktopBSD</ulink>, ÚÁÄÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ
	  ÃÅÌØÀ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÕÀ É ÍÏÝÎÕÀ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ
	  ÄÅÓËÔÏÐ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para><ulink
	  url="http://www.freesbie.org">FreeSBIE</ulink>, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊ
	  LiveCD ÄÌÑ &os;.</para></listitem>

        <listitem><para><ulink
	  url="http://www.pcbsd.com">PC-BSD</ulink>, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ×
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ GUI ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÝÉË ÄÌÑ &os;, ÏÒÉÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ
	  ÄÅÓËÔÏÐ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para></listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="freebsd-features-frameworks">
      <title>òÁÓÛÉÒÑÅÍÙÅ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</title>

      <para>&os; ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÓÛÉÒÑÅÍÙÈ
	ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ FreeBSD ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ
	ÐÏÄ ×ÁÛÉ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÕÖÄÙ.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ
	ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ:</para>

  <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>Netgraph</term>

      <listitem><para>Netgraph - ÜÔÏ ÍÏÄÕÌØÎÁÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÁÑ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ
	ÑÄÒÁ.  ëÒÀÞËÉ (hooks) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔØ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁÍ
	ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ.  ëÁË ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ, ÂÙÓÔÒÏÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÔÏÔÉÐÁ É
	ÐÒÏÍÙÛÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÒÁÚ×ÅÒÔÙ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ
	×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÌÅÇÞÅ É Ó ÍÅÎØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÏÛÉÂÏË.  íÎÏÇÉÅ
	ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ Ó FreeBSD É ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ:</para>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem><para>PPPoE</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>ATM</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>ISDN</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>Bluetooth</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>HDLC</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>EtherChannel</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>Frame Relay</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>L2TP, ×ÏÔ ÌÉÛØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ.</para></listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term>GEOM</term>

      <listitem><para>GEOM - ÜÔÏ ÍÏÄÕÌØÎÁÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÔÒÁÎÓÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
	ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ.  ôÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÓߣÍÎÙÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ,
	ÜÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ É ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ × ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
	ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅÍ.  îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
	ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏ× ÇÄÅ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉÇÏÄÉÔØÓÑ:</para>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem><para>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å RAID.</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ ÈÒÁÎÉÍÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para></listitem>
	</itemizedlist>

	<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ FreeBSD ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
	  ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ GEOM ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	  ËÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ &man.gmirror.8;, ÓÔÒÁÊÐ
	  (stripe), ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ &man.gstripe.8; É ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÍÏÅ ÓÅËÒÅÔÎÏÅ
	  ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ &man.gshsec.8;.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term>GBDE</term>

      <listitem><para>GBDE, GEOM Based Disk Encryption (ûÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ äÉÓËÁ
	ÎÁ ïÓÎÏ×Å GEOM) ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÉÌØÎÕÀ ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÚÁÝÉÔÕ
	É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, swap ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
	É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ×ÉÄÏ× ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.  ðÌÀÓ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ, GBDE
	ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÏ ÛÉÆÒÕÅÔ ÃÅÌÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Á ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÙÅ
	ÆÁÊÌÙ.  îÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÅ ÏËÁÖÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÂÌÉÎÅ Ö£ÓÔËÏÇÏ
	ÄÉÓËÁ.</para></listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term>MAC</term>

      <listitem><para><ulink url="&url.base;/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mac.html">MAC</ulink>,
	Mandatory Access Control (ðÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ)
	ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÒÅÇÕÌÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ É
	ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ Á×ÔÏÒÉÚÁÃÉÉ
	ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.
	ôÁË ËÁË MAC ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎ × ×ÉÄÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØÎÏÊ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
	FreeBSD ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÏÊ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÉ,
	×ÁÒØÉÒÕÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÏÔ HIPAA ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÏ ÎÕÖÄ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	×ÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ ËÌÁÓÓÁ.</para>

      <para>&os; ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Ó ÍÏÄÕÌÑÍÉ, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
	ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÉ; ÔÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
	ÌÀÂÕÀ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÝÕÀÓÑ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÕ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>Biba integrity model</para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>Port ACLs</para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>MLS ÉÌÉ Multi-Level Security confidentiality policy</para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>LOMAC ÉÌÉ Low-watermark Mandatory Access Control data integrity policy</para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>Process partition policy</para></listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term>PAM</term>

      <listitem><para>ëÁË É &linux;, &os; ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ <ulink
	url="&url.base;/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/pam/">PAM</ulink>,
	Pluggable Authentication Modules (ðÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÍÙÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ
	ÁÕÔÅÎÆÉËÁÃÉÉ).  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÕÌÕÞÛÉÔØ
	ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ &unix; ÍÏÄÅÌØ ÁÕÔÅÎÆÉËÁÃÉÉ, ÌÏÇÉÎ/ÐÁÒÏÌØ.
	&os; ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÅ
	ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÙ ÁÕÔÅÎÆÉËÁÃÉÉ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>Kerberos 5</para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>OPIE</para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>RADIUS</para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>TACACS+</para></listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÉ
	ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÁÕÔÅÎÆÉËÁÃÉÅÊ, ÔÁËÉÈ
	ËÁË ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="freebsd-security">
    <title>âÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ</title>

    <para>âÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÎÁ ÄÌÑ <ulink
      url="&url.base;/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/releng/">çÒÕÐÐÙ
      ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</ulink>. This
      manifests itself in several concrete areas:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem><para>÷ÓÅ ÉÎÃÉÄÅÎÔÙ É ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó
	ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ ëÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÐÏ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É
	×ÙÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÐÕÂÌÉÞÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ âÀÌÌÅÔÅÎÉ ÐÏ
	ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ (Advisories).  ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÐÏ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÉÍÅÅÔ
	ÈÏÒÏÛÕÀ ÒÅÐÕÔÁÃÉÀ ÚÁ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó
	ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ.  ðÏÌÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒ
	ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ ×Ï FreeBSD É ÇÄÅ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ
	ÐÏ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÎÁ <ulink
	url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/"></ulink>.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>ïÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ Ó Open Source ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÍ
	ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ - ÜÔÏ ÔÏÞÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.  óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
	ÐÏÞÔÉ ÞÔÏ ÄÅÓÑÔËÉ ÔÙÓÑÞ ÐÒÏÅËÔÏ× Open Source ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, É ËÁÖÄÙÊ Ó
	ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑÍÉ ÏÔ×ÅÔÎÏÊ ÒÅÁËÃÉÉ ÎÁ ÉÎÃÉÄÅÎÔÙ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó
	ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ.  &os; ÐÒÉÎÑÌÁ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÙÚÏ× ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó <ulink
        url="http://www.vuxml.org/freebsd/">VuXML</ulink>.  ÷Ó£ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ
	ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÏÅ Ó ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ FreeBSD, ÔÁË ÖÅ,
	ËÁË É ÌÀÂÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÅ × <ulink
        url="&url.base;/ports/">ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</ulink>
	ÓÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÂÁÚÏÊ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ, ÎÅÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ
	ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÅÊ.  áÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ &man.portaudit.1;
	ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÅÓÔØ ÌÉ ÎÁ &os; ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
	ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ, É ÅÓÌÉ ÅÓÔØ, ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
	ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ É URL, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ
	ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</para></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>&os; ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
      ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÏÄ ÅÇÏ
      ÎÕÖÄÙ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>

      <listitem><para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.jail.8; ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ
	<quote>ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ × ÔÀÒØÍÕ</quote>; ÜÔÏ ÉÄÅÁÌØÎÏ ÄÌÑ
	ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ chroot ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.chflags.1; ÕÌÕÞÛÁÅÔ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ,
	ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÕÀ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ Unix ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑÍÉ.  ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ,
	ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÔÉÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÁÖÅ
	ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>&os; ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ 3 ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÈ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ
	NAT ÆÁÊÅÒ×ÏÌÏ×, ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÑ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ
	ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÕÖÄ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>ñÄÒÏ &os; ÌÅÇËÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ
	ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÕÂÉÒÁÔØ ÎÅÎÕÖÎÕÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ.  &os;
	ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ ÑÄÒÁ É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ, ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ É ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÉ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ ÑÄÒÁ.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>íÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ sysctl ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ
	É ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÑÄÒÁ ÎÁ ÌÅÔÕ ÂÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="freebsd-support">
    <title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ</title>

    <para>ëÁË É &linux;, &os; ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÉÄÏ× ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ, ËÁË Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ
      ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ, ÔÁË É ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÈ.</para>

    <sect2 id="freebsd-support-free">
      <title>âÅÓÐÌÁÔÎÙÅ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ</title>

      <itemizedlist>

        <listitem><para>&os; - ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
	  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, É ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ É ËÁË ÞÁÓÔØ
	  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÁË É × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÅ.  óÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
	  ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙ, ËÒÁÔËÉ É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ.  ÷ <ulink
	  url="&url.base;/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/">
	  òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏ FreeBSD</ulink> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ××ÏÄÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ É
	  ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ËÔÏ-ÔÏ ÚÁÈÏÞÅÔ
	  ÒÅÛÉÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ &os;.</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>&os; ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ <ulink
	  url="&url.base;/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/eresources.html#ERESOURCES-MAIL">ÓÐÉÓËÏ×
	  ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</ulink>, ÇÄÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ ÁÒÈÉ×ÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ É ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÌÑ
	  ÐÏÉÓËÁ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÅ ÚÁÔÒÁÇÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	  òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÏÍ, ÏÎ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÑËÁ ÕÖÅ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÌÓÑ × ÓÐÉÓËÅ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ.
	  é òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï É ÓÐÉÓËÉ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ
	  ÑÚÙËÁÈ, ×ÓÅ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÌÅÇËÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ Ó
          <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org"></ulink>.</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï IRC ËÁÎÁÌÏ×, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÈ
	  FreeBSD, ÆÏÒÕÍÏ× É ÇÒÕÐÐ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.  óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <ulink
	  url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html"></ulink> ÄÌÑ
	  ×ÙÂÏÒÁ.</para></listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÝÉÔÅ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ &os;, ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ ÉÌÉ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌ ÐÏÛÌÉÔÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÅÅ
	ÇÅÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ × <email>freebsd-jobs@FreeBSD.org</email>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="freebsd-support-commercial">
      <title>ëÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ</title>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÏÊ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ &os;.  òÅÓÕÒÓÙ ÐÏ ÐÏÉÓËÕ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏÓÑ
	ÐÏÂÌÉÚÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×ÁÓ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ × ÓÅÂÑ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem><para>óÔÒÁÎÉÞËÁ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÈ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ× ÎÁ ÓÁÊÔÅ
	  &os;: <ulink
          url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/"></ulink></para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>FreeBSDMall, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÏÄÁ£Ô ËÏÎÔÒÁËÔÙ ÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
	  ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ 10 ÌÅÔ: <ulink
	  url="http://www.freebsdmall.com"></ulink></para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ BSDTracker ÎÁ: <ulink
  	  url="http://www.nycbug.org/index.php?NAV=BSDTracker"></ulink></para></listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

     <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÔÉ×Á ÐÏ ÓÅÒÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏ×
       BSD.  <ulink
       url="http://www.bsdcertification.org"></ulink>.</para>

     <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÐÒÏÅËÔ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ Common Criteria certification,
       &os; ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ <ulink
       url="http://www.trustedbsd.org">TrustedBSD</ulink> MAC ÄÌÑ
       ÏÂÌÅÇÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÓÅÒÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="freebsd-advantages">
    <title>ðÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á ×ÙÂÏÒÁ &os;</title>

    <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ× ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÊ &os; ×
      ×ÁÛÕ IT ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem><para>&os; ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ É ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Õ
	ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÏ×.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ×ÁÛÉÍ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ×ÓÐÏÍÏÇÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ É ÏÐÙÔÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
	ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁÍ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÉÔØ ÉÈ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ Linux É Unix
	ÎÁ×ÙËÉ ÄÌÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>òÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÉÚ ÄÏÍÁ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ
	ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ËÏÄÕ FreeBSD
	<footnote>
	  <para>ðÌÀÓ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ, ×ÅÓØ ËÏÄ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÞÅÒÅÚ ×ÅÂ-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ: <ulink
	    url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/"></ulink>.</para>
	</footnote>
	×ÓÅÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× ×ÐÌÏÔØ
	ÄÏ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ×ÙÐÕÝÅÎÎÏÇÏ.  ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ËÏÄÏÍ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ÌÏÇ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ËÏÎÔÅËÓÔ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ É ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÏÛÉÂÏË.
	äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉË ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÅÇËÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ,
	ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁËÁÞÁ× ËÏÄ Ó ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÅÔËÏÊ.  ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
	ÓËÁÚÁÎÎÏÍÕ, &linux; ÐÏ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÉ ÎÅ ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÌ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ, ÎÏ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ
	ÁÄÁÐÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÕÀ ÍÏÄÅÌØ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ
	<footnote>
	  <para>éÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ ÒÁÚ×É×ÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ Linux
	    ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ ÎÁ <ulink url="http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT4155251624.html"></ulink>.</para>
	</footnote>.
	</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>òÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÉÚ ÄÏÍÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ
	ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë FreeBSD ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, <ulink
	url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnats/">GNATS</ulink>.  ïÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ É
	ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÔØ É ÐÒÏÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ, ËÁË É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ
	Ó×ÏÉ ÐÁÔÞÉ ÎÁ ÏÄÏÂÒÅÎÉÅ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÅ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÙÊ ËÏÄ FreeBSD.
	<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#gnats"></ulink></para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>BSD ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	ËÏÄ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÌ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÂÉÚÎÅÓ ÃÅÌÅÊ.  ÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÉ ÏÔ GPL,
	ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ × ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ×Ù ×ÙÂÅÒÅÔÅ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÔØ ËÏÎÅÞÎÙÊ
	ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔ.</para></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="freebsd-conclusion">
    <title>úÁËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ</title>

    <para>&os; - ÜÔÏ ÚÒÅÌÁÑ &unix;-ÐÏÄÏÂÎÁÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÁÑ × ÓÅÂÑ
      ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÖÉÄÁÔØ × ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ &unix;
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  äÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏÞÅÔ ×ÎÅÄÒÉÔØ Open Source ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ × ÉÈ
      ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ, &os; ÂÕÄÅÔ ÈÏÒÏÛÉÍ ×ÙÂÏÒÏÍ.</para>
  </sect1>
</article>