path: root/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/config/chapter.sgml

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<chapter id="config-tuning">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Chern</firstname>
	<surname>Lee</surname>
	<contrib>îÁÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Mike</firstname>
	<surname>Smith</surname>
	<contrib>ïÓÎÏ×Ù×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÅ, ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÍ </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Matt</firstname>
	<surname>Dillon</surname>
	<contrib>É ÎÁ tuning(7), ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÍ </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>áÎÄÒÅÊ</firstname>
	<surname>íÅÌØÎÉË</surname>
	<contrib>ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÑÚÙË: </contrib>
      </author>
      <author>
	<firstname>äÅÎÉÓ</firstname>
	<surname>ðÅÐÌÉÎ</surname>
      </author>
      <author>
	<firstname>÷ÁÌÅÒÉÊ</firstname>
	<surname>ëÒÁ×ÞÕË</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </chapterinfo>

  <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ É ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÃÉÑ</title>

  <sect1 id="config-synopsis">
    <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>

    <indexterm><primary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</primary></indexterm>

    <para>ïÄÉÎ ÉÚ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÁÓÐÅËÔÏ× &os; ÜÔÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
      ðÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÇÏÌÏ×ÎÏÊ ÂÏÌÉ ÐÒÉ
      ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑÈ.  üÔÁ ÇÌÁ×Á ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÞÁÓÔØ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ
      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ &os;, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;.</para>

    <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÕÚÎÁÅÔÅ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ É ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ
	  ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.</para> </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ïÓÎÏ×Ù ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ <filename>rc.conf</filename> É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
	  ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ É ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ËÁÒÔÕ.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ ÎÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ×
	  <filename>/etc</filename>.</para> </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ &os;, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
	  <command>sysctl</command>.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÄÉÓËÏ× É ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ,
	  ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÑÄÒÏÍ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×ÁÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏÎÑÔØ ÏÓÎÏ×Ù &unix; É &os; (<xref
	    linkend="basics"/>).</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>ïÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÍÉ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ/ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ
	  (<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>).</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-initial">
    <title>îÁÞÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>òÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÄÉÓËÁ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÄÉÓËÁ</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary><filename>/etc</filename></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary><filename>/var</filename></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary><filename>/usr</filename></primary>
      </indexterm>

      <sect3>
	<title>ïÓÎÏ×Ù ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×</title>

	<para>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ Ö£ÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.bsdlabel.8;
	  ÉÌÉ &man.sysinstall.8;, ×ÁÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÎÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ É ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
	  ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÈ Ë ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÍ ÔÒÅËÁÍ
	  ÄÉÓËÁ.  óÁÍÙÅ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÅ É ÓÁÍÙÅ
	  ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ËÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ É ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ)
	  ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ
	  ÄÉÓËÁ, × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË ÓÁÍÙÅ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË
	  <filename>/usr</filename>, × ËÏÎÃÅ.  óÁÍÙÍ ÏÐÔÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍ ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ: root, swap,
	  <filename>/var</filename>, <filename>/usr</filename>.</para>

	<para>òÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <filename>/var</filename> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	  ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.  <filename>/var</filename>
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÈ ÑÝÉËÏ×, ÏÞÅÒÅÄÅÊ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ É
	  ÌÏÇ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.  òÁÚÍÅÒ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÈ ÑÝÉËÏ× É ÌÏÇ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÓÔÉ
	  ÎÅÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÄÏÌÇÏ ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ ÌÏÇ-ÆÁÊÌÙ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Õ
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔ, ÎÏ ÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
	  <filename>/var/tmp</filename> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÄÌÑ
	  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.</para>

	<para>÷ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <filename>/usr</filename> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï
	  ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÏÒÔÙ
	  (&man.ports.7;, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ) É ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ (ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏ).
	  ïÂÁ ÜÔÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ
	  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 2 ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÁ.</para>

	<para>ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÎÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ ×Ï ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
	  ÒÏÓÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á.
	  ðÅÒÅÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÄÁÖÅ ÐÒÉ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ
	  ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>

	<note><para>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÉ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×,
	  ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÙÊ &man.sysinstall.8;'ÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÉÎÏÇÄÁ
	  ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× <filename>/var</filename> É
	  <filename>/</filename>.  ôÝÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× É
	  ÎÅ ÖÁÌÅÊÔÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ.</para></note>
      </sect3>

      <sect3 id="swap-design">
	<title>òÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ</title>

	<indexterm><primary>ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ</primary></indexterm>

	<para>ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁ×ÅÎ
	  ÕÄ×ÏÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÕ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ 128&nbsp;ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
	  ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ 256&nbsp;ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ.  óÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÍÅÎØÛÉÍ
	  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÌÕÞÛÅ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÏÂߣÍÏÍ
	  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.  îÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ
	  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅ 256&nbsp;ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÔÁËÖÅ
	  ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ ×Ï ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÅ ÎÁÒÁÝÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ
	  ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.
	  áÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÙ ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ VM ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ, ËÏÇÄÁ
	  ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÒÁ×ÅÎ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ ÕÄ×ÏÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÕ
	  ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  úÁÎÉÖÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
	  ÎÅÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÐÏÓÔÒÁÎÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ VM É ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ
	  ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÉ ÏÂߣÍÁ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>

	<para>îÁ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍÉ SCSI ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ (ÉÌÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍÉ
	  IDE ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÉÓÑ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁÈ),
	  ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ (ÄÏ ÞÅÔÙÒ£È
	  ÄÉÓËÏ×).  òÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ
	  ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ.  ñÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
	  ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÎÏ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÅ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÏÂÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ
	  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÒÁ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÉÂÏÌØÛÅÍÕ, ÕÍÎÏÖÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÎÁ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ.
	  ÷ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÄ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔØ
	  ÑÄÒÕ ÏÐÔÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÉÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
	  ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÁ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ
	  ÏÂßÅÍ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ.  ÷ ÜÔÉÈ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÝÅ
	  ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË
	  ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>úÁÞÅÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ?</title>

	<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÓÞÉÔÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ÏÄÉÎ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ, ÎÏ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎ, ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
	  ÌÕÞÛÅ ÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ.  ÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, Õ
	  ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ Ó×ÏÉ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ, É ÏÔÄÅÌÑÑ ÉÈ, ÍÏÖÎÏ
	  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ É
	  ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ É <filename>/usr</filename> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ
	  ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ, ÂÅÚ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.
	  ÷ ÔÏ ÖÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ É ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
	  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ × <filename>/var</filename>
	  É <filename>/var/tmp</filename>.</para>

	<para>ðÒÉ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÉ É ×ÙÂÏÒÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ, ËÕÄÁ ÞÁÓÔÏ
	  ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓ£ÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ.
	  òÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÓÁÍÙÈ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÂÌÉÖÅ Ë ÎÁÞÁÌÕ ÄÉÓËÁ
	  Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÏÎÁ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ.
	  èÏÔÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ×ÁÖÎÁ É ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×,
	  ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÖÅÎÉÅ ÉÈ ÂÌÉÖÅ Ë ËÏÎÃÕ ÄÉÓËÁ ÎÅ ÐÏ×ÌÅÞ£Ô
	  ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÅÍ
	  ÂÌÉÖÅ Ë ËÏÎÃÕ ÄÉÓËÁ <filename>/var</filename>.
	  é, ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ É ÉÚ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ
	  ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.  îÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÏÇÏ ÁËËÕÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ,
	  ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÇÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÄÁ£Ô ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÛÁÎÓÙ ÎÁ "×ÙÖÉ×ÁÎÉÅ"
	  ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÒÁÈÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-core-configuration">
    <title>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>rc ÆÁÊÌÙ</primary>
      <secondary><filename>rc.conf</filename></secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔÓÑ ×
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ×ÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÛÉÒÏËÉÊ ÓÐÅËÔÒ
      ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
      éÍÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÒÑÍÏ ÏÔÒÁÖÁÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÜÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
      ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>rc*</filename>.</para>

    <para>áÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ×
      <filename>rc.conf</filename>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÚ
      <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>.  æÁÊÌÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÅÌØÚÑ
      ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ × <filename>/etc</filename> &mdash; ÏÎÉ ×ÍÅÝÁÀÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ
      ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, Á ÎÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ.  ÷ÓÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
      ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
      <filename>rc.conf</filename>.</para>

    <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ× ÄÌÑ ÏÔÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÂÝÅÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÄÌÑ
      ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏÔ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÃÅÌÑÈ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÏÂßÅÍÁ
      ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ.  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ
      &mdash; ÐÒÏÐÉÓÁÔØ ÏÂÝÕÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf.site</filename>, É ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ×
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÕÀ
      ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ.</para>

    <para>ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
      &man.sh.1;, ÅÓÔØ ÔÒÉ×ÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem><para>rc.conf:</para>
<programlisting>	. /etc/rc.conf.site
	hostname="node15.example.com"
	network_interfaces="fxp0 lo0"
	ifconfig_fxp0="inet 10.1.1.1"</programlisting></listitem>
      <listitem><para>rc.conf.site:</para>
<programlisting>	defaultrouter="10.1.1.254"
	saver="daemon"
	blanktime="100"</programlisting></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>æÁÊÌ <filename>rc.conf.site</filename> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁΣÎ
      ÎÁ ×ÓÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ <command>rsync</command> ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÕÀ ÅÊ
      ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ, × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÁË <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÏÓÔÁÔØÓÑ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.</para>

    <para>ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.sysinstall.8;
      ÉÌÉ <command>make world</command> ÎÅ ÐÏ×ÌÅËÕÔ ÚÁ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓØ
      <filename>rc.conf</filename>.  ÷ÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ × ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ
      ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-appconfig">
    <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ</title>

    <para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÀÔ Ó×ÏÉ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ,
      ÓÏ Ó×ÏÉÍ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÏÍ.  ÷ÁÖÎÏ ÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ ÏÔ
      ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÌÅÇËÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Ó
      ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ× ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ.</para>

    <indexterm><primary>/usr/local/etc</primary></indexterm>

    <para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×
      <filename>/usr/local/etc</filename>.  ÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÎÕÖÎÏ
      ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÄÌÑ ÉÈ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÓÏÚÄÁÎ ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.</para>

    <para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ, ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÐÏÒÔÏ× É ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ É
      ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ
      <filename>.default</filename>.  åÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
      ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ ÐÕÔ£Í ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
      <filename>.default</filename> ÆÁÊÌÏ×.</para>

    <para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <filename>/usr/local/etc/apache</filename>:</para>

<literallayout class="monospaced">-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2184 May 20  1998 access.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2184 May 20  1998 access.conf.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   9555 May 20  1998 httpd.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   9555 May 20  1998 httpd.conf.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel  12205 May 20  1998 magic
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel  12205 May 20  1998 magic.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2700 May 20  1998 mime.types
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2700 May 20  1998 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   7980 May 20  1998 srm.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   7933 May 20  1998 srm.conf.default</literallayout>

    <para>òÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÆÁÊÌ
      <filename>srm.conf</filename> ÂÙÌ ÉÚÍÅΣÎ.  ðÒÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ
      <application>Apache</application> ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÕÖÅ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÁÎ.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-starting-services">
   <sect1info>
     <authorgroup>
       <author>
	 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	 <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	 <contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
       </author>
     </authorgroup>
   </sect1info>
    <title>úÁÐÕÓË ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×</title>

    <indexterm><primary>ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ</primary></indexterm>

    <para>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÀÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ
      ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ × &os; ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.  ÷ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ
      ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÉ
      ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÉÓØ ÐÒÉ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  óÅÒ×ÉÓÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË
      <filename role="package">mail/postfix</filename> ÉÌÉ
      <filename role="package">www/apache13</filename>,&nbsp;&mdash;
      ÜÔÏ ÌÉÛØ Ä×Á ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
      ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
      ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÁÑ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
      ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×.</para>

    <para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ × &os; ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË &man.cron.8;,
      ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  üÔÉ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ
      ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os; ÉÌÉ ÅÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ;
      ÏÄÎÁËÏ ×ÁÖÎÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÉÈ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ
      ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÈ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×.</para>

    <para>äÏ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ <filename>rc.d</filename> ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÔØ
      ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ×
      ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename class="directory">/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÞÉÔÁÌÓÑ ÓËÒÉÐÔÁÍÉ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  üÔÉ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ
      ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÌÉÓØ × ÈÏÄÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÔÁÄÉÊ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    <para>èÏÔÑ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× ÐÏÔÒÁÔÉÌÉ ÞÁÓÙ ÎÁ ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ ×ÎÅÄÒÉÔØ
      ÓÔÁÒÙÊ ÓÔÉÌØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ÆÁËÔÏÍ,
      ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÏ-ÐÒÅÖÎÅÍÕ
      ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ÓËÒÉÐÔ, ÐÏÍÅÝ£ÎÎÙÊ × ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ×ÙÛÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.  îÅÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ
      ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÑ × ÓËÒÉÐÔÁÈ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ <filename>rc.d</filename>.  äÏ
      ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os;&nbsp;5.1 ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ × ÓÔÁÒÏÍ ÓÔÉÌÅ,
      É ÐÏÞÔÉ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ × ÎÏ×ÏÍ ÓÔÉÌÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ÔÁË ÖÅ
      ÈÏÒÏÛÏ.</para>

    <para>èÏÔÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍ
      ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑÍ, × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÜÔÉ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
      &os;.  ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ × ËÏÎÃÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ
      <filename>.sh</filename> É ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÍ.
      ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÅ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
      <command>chmod</command> ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÐÒÁ× ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
      <literal>755</literal>.  ôÁËÖÅ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÏÐÃÉÑ
      <literal>start</literal> ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ É ÏÐÃÉÑ
      <literal>stop</literal> ÄÌÑ ÅÇÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>

    <para>ðÒÏÓÔÅÊÛÉÊ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÈÏÖ ÎÁ
      ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ:</para>

    <programlisting>#!/bin/sh
echo -n ' utility'

case "$1" in
start)
        /usr/local/bin/utility
        ;;
stop)
        kill -9 `cat /var/run/utility.pid`
        ;;
*)
        echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" &gt;&2
        exit 64
        ;;
esac

exit 0</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÐÃÉÉ <literal>stop</literal> É
      <literal>start</literal> ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÍÙ ÚÄÅÓØ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍ
      ÐÒÏÓÔÏ&nbsp;&mdash; <literal>utility</literal>.</para>

    <para>á ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÅÇÏ É ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/utility.sh</filename> start</userinput></screen>

    <para>èÏÔÑ É ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ
      ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>rc.conf</filename>, ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
      ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÅÎØ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÎÏÊ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ
      ÐÏÄÏÂÎÕÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ.  ðÏÉÝÉÔÅ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁÈ, ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÍÕ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÀ.
      îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÅ
      ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ Ó <filename>rc.d</filename>; ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÍÙ ÅÝÅ
      ÏÂÓÕÄÉÍ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>òÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÏÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ</title>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ËÏÇÄÁ &os; ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ <filename>rc.d</filename>, ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
	ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ ÓÔÁÌÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÏÐÔÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍ; ÆÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÏÎÏ ÓÔÁÌÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ
	ÔÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ.  ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÙÈ ÓÌÏ×, ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÎÙÈ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
	<link linkend="configtuning-rcd">rc.d</link>, ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÔÅÐÅÒØ
	ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×,
	ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <acronym>DNS</acronym>; ÍÏÖÎÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÕ
	ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÆÌÁÇÏ× ÞÅÒÅÚ <filename>rc.conf</filename> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
	ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÌÁÇÏ× × ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÁÈ, É Ô.Ä.  ðÒÏÓÔÏÊ
	ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ×ÉÄ:</para>

	<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
#
# PROVIDE: utility
# REQUIRE: DAEMON
# KEYWORD: shutdown

. /etc/rc.subr

name=utility
rcvar=utility_pidfile

command="/usr/local/sbin/utility"

load_rc_config $name

#
# îå íåîñêôå úäåóø üôé óôáîäáòôîùå úîáþåîéñ
# úáäá÷áêôå éè ÷ æáêìå /etc/rc.conf
#
utility_enable=${utility_enable-"NO"}
pidfile=${utility_pidfile-"/var/run/utility.pid"}

run_rc_command "$1"</programlisting>

      <para>üÔÏÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ
	<application>utility</application> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ
	<literal>daemon</literal>.  ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ
	ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ É ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ,
	<acronym>PID</acronym>.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>utility_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>üÔÏÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÌÅÇËÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁÍÉ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/etc/rc.subr</filename>, ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ
	Ó ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ &man.rcorder.8; É ÕÐÒÏÝÁÅÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
	ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>rc.conf</filename>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×</title>

	<para>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÄÁÅÍÏÎÙ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
	  <acronym>POP</acronym>3, <acronym>IMAP</acronym>, É Ô.Ð. ÍÏÇÕÔ
	  ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.inetd.8;.  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÎÕÀ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× É ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ
	  ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ × ÆÁÊÌ
	  <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> ÉÌÉ ÒÁÓËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÉÚ ÕÖÅ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ.  òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ
	  <application>inetd</application> É ÅÇÏ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ
	  × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link linkend="network-inetd">inetd</link>.</para>

	<para>÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ
	  ÓÌÕÖÂ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ &man.cron.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÉÅÍÌÅÍÙÍ.  üÔÏÔ
	  ÐÏÄÈÏÄ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ
	  <command>cron</command> ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÜÔÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÎÉ
	  ×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÁ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>crontab</filename>.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
	  ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	  ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ.</para>

	<para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ <command>cron</command> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÕÀ
	  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, <literal>@reboot</literal>,&nbsp;&mdash; ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
	  ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.  ÷ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ,
	  ÚÁÄÁÎÉÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ &man.cron.8;, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ&nbsp;&mdash;
	  × ÈÏÄÅ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-cron">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	<firstname>Tom</firstname>
	<surname>Rhodes</surname>
	<contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	<!-- 20 May 2003 -->
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ <command>cron</command></title>

    <indexterm><primary>cron</primary>
      <secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</secondary></indexterm>

    <para>ïÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÈ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ &os; ÜÔÏ &man.cron.8;.  õÔÉÌÉÔÁ
      <command>cron</command> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ É ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ
      ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>.  õÔÉÌÉÔÁ <command>cron</command>
      ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/var/cron/tabs</filename> × ÐÏÉÓËÅ
      ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>crontab</filename>.  æÁÊÌÙ
      <filename>crontab</filename> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÏÂ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ
      ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ <command>cron</command> ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ × ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÅ
      ×ÒÅÍÑ.</para>

    <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ <command>cron</command> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ Ä×Á ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÁ
      ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ.
      ÷ÓÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÜÔÉÍÉ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÍÉ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ×
      ÛÅÓÔÏÍ ÐÏÌÅ.  ÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÛÅÓÔÏÅ ÐÏÌÑ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ,
      Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ
      ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ crontab ÏÔ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.  ÷
      ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÛÅÓÔÏÅ ÐÏÌÅ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÍÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, É
      ×ÓÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÚÄÁÌ crontab;
      ÜÔÏ ×ÁÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>

    <note>
      <para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ crontab ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ
	ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ ÂÅÚ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	(<username>root</username>).  ëÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÉÚ
	crontab ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>

      <para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>root</username> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ crontab, ËÁË É ÌÀÂÏÊ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ.  ïÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ crontab <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>.
	ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ crontab, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
	ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ crontab ÄÌÑ
	<username>root</username>.</para>
    </note>

    <para>äÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇÌÑÎÅÍ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>
      (ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ crontab):</para>

    <programlisting># /etc/crontab - root's crontab for &os;
#
# &dollar;&os;: src/etc/crontab,v 1.32 2002/11/22 16:13:39 tom Exp &dollar;
# <co id="co-comments"/>
#
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin <co id="co-env"/>
HOME=/var/log
#
#
#minute	hour	mday	month	wday	who	command <co id="co-field-descr"/>
#
#
*/5	*	*	*	*	root	/usr/libexec/atrun <co id="co-main"/>
</programlisting>

    <calloutlist>
      <callout arearefs="co-comments">
	<para>ëÁË É × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ FreeBSD, ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ <quote>#</quote>
	  ÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ.  ëÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÑ Ï ÔÏÍ,
	  ÞÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÓÔÒÏËÁ É ÚÁÞÅÍ ÏÎÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ.  ëÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	  ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÓÔÒÏËÅ, ÞÔÏ É ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ, ÉÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	  ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÑÔÙ ËÁË ÞÁÓÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ; ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ.
	  ðÕÓÔÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ.</para>
      </callout>

      <callout arearefs="co-env">
	<para>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ.  úÎÁË ÒÁ×ÎÏ
	  (<literal>=</literal>) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ
	  ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ, × ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ <envar>SHELL</envar>,  <envar>PATH</envar>,
	  É <envar>HOME</envar>.  åÓÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÎÁ,
	  <command>cron</command> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ,
	  <command>sh</command>.  åÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
	  <envar>PATH</envar>, ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ É
	  ÐÕÔÉ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÎÙÍÉ.  åÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
	  <envar>HOME</envar>, <command>cron</command> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
      </callout>

      <callout arearefs="co-field-descr">
	<para>÷ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÓÅÍØ ÐÏÌÅÊ.  éÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
	  <literal>minute</literal>, <literal>hour</literal>,
	  <literal>mday</literal>, <literal>month</literal>,
	  <literal>wday</literal>, <literal>who</literal> (ËÔÏ), É
	  <literal>command</literal>.  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÅÊ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÏÞÅ×ÉÄÎÏ.
	  <literal>minute</literal> ÜÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ × ÍÉÎÕÔÁÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ.  <literal>hour</literal> ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÄÌÑ ÞÁÓÏ×.
	  <literal>mday</literal> ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÄÅÎØ ÍÅÓÑÃÁ.
	  <literal>month</literal>, ÜÔÏ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ, ÞÔÏ ÞÁÓ É ÍÉÎÕÔÁ,
	  ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÍÅÓÑÃÅ×.  ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>wday</literal> ÜÔÏ ÄÅÎØ
	  ÎÅÄÅÌÉ.  ÷ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÐÏÌÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×
	  ÞÉÓÌÏ×ÏÍ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ, ×ÒÅÍÑ × Ä×ÁÄÃÁÔÉÞÅÔÙÒÅÈÞÁÓÏ×ÏÍ ÉÓÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÉ.
	  ðÏÌÅ <literal>who</literal> ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, É
	  ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>.
	  üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ
	  ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ
	  ÆÁÊÌ <filename>crontab</filename>, ÏÎ ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ.
	  ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>command</literal>.  ïÎ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ
	  ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ.</para>
      </callout>

      <callout arearefs="co-main">
	<para>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ×ÙÛÅ.  úÄÅÓØ
	  ÚÁÄÁÎÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>*/5</literal>, É ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×
	  <literal>*</literal>.  üÔÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ <literal>*</literal> ÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ
	  <quote>ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ-ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ</quote>, É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ËÁË
	  <emphasis>ËÁÖÄÙÊ</emphasis>.  ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
	  ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>atrun</command> ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	  ÐÏÄ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ <username>root</username> ËÁÖÄÙÅ ÐÑÔØ ÍÉÎÕÔ
	  ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÄÎÑ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÓÑÃÁ.  úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>atrun</command> ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
	  &man.atrun.8;.</para>

	<para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×; ÏÄÎÁËÏ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÓÏÓÔÏÑÝÉÅ ÉÚ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÓÔÒÏË, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÙ
	  ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ <quote>\</quote>.</para>
      </callout>
    </calloutlist>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ× ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>crontab</filename>,
      ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÄÅÔÁÌÉ.  ûÅÓÔÏÅ ÐÏÌÅ, ÇÄÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ,
      ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>.  üÔÏ
      ÐÏÌÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÉÚ <filename>crontab</filename> ÆÁÊÌÏ×
      ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>

    <sect2 id="configtuning-installcrontab">
      <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ crontab</title>

      <important>
      <para>÷Ù ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÕ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÕÀ ÚÄÅÓØ, ÄÌÑ
	ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ crontab.  ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ Ó×ÏÊ
	ÌÀÂÉÍÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ: ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ <command>cron</command>
	ÕÚÎÁÅÔ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÓÑ É ÓÒÁÚÕ ÎÁÞÎÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <ulink
	url="&url.books.faq;/admin.html#ROOT-NOT-FOUND-CRON-ERRORS">ÜÔÏÊ
	ÞÁÓÔÉ FAQ</ulink> ÚÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
      </important>

      <para>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÇÏÔÏ×ÏÇÏ <filename>crontab</filename> ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ,
	ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÌÀÂÉÍÏÍ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ
	ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
	<command>crontab</command>.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÏÎÁ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ
	ÔÁË:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>crontab crontab-file</userinput></screen>

      <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ, <filename>crontab-file</filename> ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	crontab, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÂÙÌ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ.</para>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
	<filename>crontab</filename>: ÚÁÄÁÊÔÅ <command>crontab</command>
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-l</option>.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÈ crontab ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, ÂÅÚ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ
	ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <command>crontab -e</command>.
	ïÎÁ ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ Ó ÐÕÓÔÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÆÁÊÌ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎ,
	<command>crontab</command> Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔ ÅÇÏ.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ÐÏÚÄÎÅÅ ×Ù ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ Ó×ÏÊ
	<filename>crontab</filename>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
	<command>crontab</command> Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <option>-r</option>.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-rcd">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	 <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	 <contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	 <!-- 16 May 2003 -->
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ rc ×Ï &os; 5.X É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ</title>

    <para>÷Ï &os; ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÂÙÌÁ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ NetBSD ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
      <filename>rc.d</filename>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
      íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/etc/rc.d</filename>
      ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ <option>start</option>,
      <option>stop</option>, É
      <option>restart</option>.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, &man.sshd.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
      ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd restart</userinput></screen>

    <para>üÔÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÐÏÈÏÖÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×.  ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ
      ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ × &man.rc.conf.5;.
      îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ Network Address Translation
      ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
      × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>natd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

    <para>åÓÌÉ <option>natd_enable="NO"</option> ÕÖÅ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ,
      ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ <option>NO</option> ÎÁ <option>YES</option>.
      óËÒÉÐÔÙ rc Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÑÔ ×ÓÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÅ
      ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ÎÉÖÅ.</para>

    <para>ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ <filename>rc.d</filename> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ
      ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ/ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ/ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ <option>start</option>,
      <option>stop</option> É <option>restart</option> ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÁÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ×
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ×ÙÛÅ
      <command>sshd restart</command> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÅÓÌÉ
      ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <varname>sshd_enable</varname> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ × <option>YES</option>.
      äÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË ×
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ <option>start</option>,
      <option>stop</option> ÉÌÉ <option>restart</option> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
      ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ Ó ÐÒÅÆÉËÓÏÍ <quote>force</quote>.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ
      ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓËÁ <command>sshd</command> ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË ×
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
      ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd forcerestart</userinput></screen>

    <para>ðÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
      <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÌÅÇËÏ: ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ
      ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÉÚ <filename>rc.d</filename> Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
      <option>rcvar</option>.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ
      <command>sshd</command> ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd rcvar</userinput>
# sshd
$sshd_enable=YES</screen>

    <note>
      <para>÷ÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ (<literal># sshd</literal>) ÜÔÏ ×Ù×ÏÄ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>sshd</command>, Á ÎÅ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ
	<username>root</username>.</para>
    </note>

    <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
      <option>status</option>.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÔÏÇÏ, ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÌÉ
      <command>sshd</command>, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd status</userinput>
sshd is running as pid 433.</screen>

    <para>÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚËÁ (<option>reload</option>) ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ.
      óËÒÉÐÔ, ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÎÙÊ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ, ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÕ
      ÓÉÇÎÁÌ, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å
      ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÕ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÕ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ
      <literal>SIGHUP</literal>.  óÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÐÏÍÎÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÕ ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ.</para>

    <para>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ <filename>rc.d</filename> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
      ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×, ÏÎÁ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÞÁÓÔØ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
      òÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÆÁÊÌ <filename>bgfsck</filename>.  ÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ:</para>

    <screen>Starting background file system checks in 60 seconds.</screen>

    <para>óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÊ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    <para>æÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ
      ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, NIS É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ
      RPC ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØÓÑ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÓÑ
      <command>rpcbind</command> (portmapper).  äÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ
      ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ × ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÑÈ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ.  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
      &man.rcorder.8; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÂÏÒÁ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÅ× ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÒÑÄËÁ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÑÍÉ.  ÷ ÎÁÞÁÌÏ
      ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
      ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para><literal>PROVIDE</literal>: úÁÄÁÅÔ ÉÍÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ ÜÔÉÍ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><literal>REQUIRE</literal>: óÐÉÓÏË ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÕ.  üÔÏÔ
	  ÆÁÊÌ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ <emphasis>ÐÏÓÌÅ</emphasis> ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ
	  ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><literal>BEFORE</literal>: óÐÉÓÏË ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÝÉÈ ÏÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ.  üÔÏÔ
	  ÆÁÊÌ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ <emphasis>ÄÏ</emphasis> ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ
	  ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ, ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÅÇËÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÂÅÚ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <quote>ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÊ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ</quote>,
      ËÁË × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ &unix;.</para>

    <para>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ <filename>rc.d</filename>
      ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.rc.8; É
      &man.rc.subr.8;.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="config-network-setup">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	 <firstname>Marc</firstname>
	 <surname>Fonvieille</surname>
	 <contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	 <!-- 6 October 2002 -->
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ËÁÒÔ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁÒÔÙ</primary>
      <secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>÷ ÎÁÛÉ ÄÎÉ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍ ÓÅÂÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÂÅÚ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ
      ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ.  äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ ÜÔÏ
      ÏÂÙÞÎÁÑ ÚÁÄÁÞÁ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ &os;.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÏÉÓË ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁÒÔÙ</primary>
	<secondary>ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>÷ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔÅ ÔÉÐ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ (PCI ÉÌÉ ISA),
	ÍÏÄÅÌØ ËÁÒÔÙ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ × ÎÅÊ ÞÉÐ.  &os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
	ÍÎÏÇÉÅ PCI É ISA ËÁÒÔÙ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë óÐÉÓËÕ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
	ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ
	ËÁÒÔÁ.</para>

      <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÕÂÅÄÉÌÉÓØ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÒÔÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
	ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ.  ÷ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ
	<filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</filename> É
	<filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf/NOTES</filename>
	ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓÐÉÓÏË
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× Ó ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
	ÞÉÐÓÅÔÁÈ/ËÁÒÔÁÈ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÍÎÅ×ÁÅÔÅÓØ × ÔÏÍ, ËÁËÏÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ
	ÐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ Ë ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÕ.
	óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍ
	ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ É ÄÁÖÅ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ËÁÒÔÁ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÁ, ×ÁÍ ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ
	ÎÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÌÇÏ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ.  äÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ
	ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁÒÔ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ × ÑÄÒÅ
	<filename>GENERIC</filename>, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÁ ËÁÒÔÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØÓÑ
	ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ, ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>

<screen>dc0: &lt;82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX&gt; port 0xa000-0xa0ff mem 0xd3800000-0xd38
000ff irq 15 at device 11.0 on pci0
dc0: Ethernet address: 00:a0:cc:da:da:da
miibus0: &lt;MII bus&gt; on dc0
ukphy0: &lt;Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface&gt; on miibus0
ukphy0:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto
dc1: &lt;82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX&gt; port 0x9800-0x98ff mem 0xd3000000-0xd30
000ff irq 11 at device 12.0 on pci0
dc1: Ethernet address: 00:a0:cc:da:da:db
miibus1: &lt;MII bus&gt; on dc1
ukphy1: &lt;Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface&gt; on miibus1
ukphy1:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto</screen>

      <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ Ä×Å ËÁÒÔÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.dc.4;.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×
	<filename>GENERIC</filename>, ÄÌÑ ÅÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
	ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÏÄÎÉÍ
	ÉÚ Ä×ÕÈ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ×:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ðÒÏÓÔÅÊÛÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ &mdash; ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÍÏÄÕÌØ
	    ÑÄÒÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.kldload.8;.  îÅ ×ÓÅ
	    ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ × ×ÉÄÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ; ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÍÏÄÕÌÉ
	    ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÄÌÑ ISA ËÁÒÔ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ËÁÒÔÙ,
	    ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×Á× ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁËÉÅ
	    ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ × ÑÄÒÏ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÉÚ
	    <filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</filename>,
	    <filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf/NOTES</filename>
	    É ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ.
	    úÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÓÂÏÒËÅ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ
	    ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>.  åÓÌÉ ËÁÒÔÁ
	    ÂÙÌÁ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÁ ×ÁÛÉÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ (<filename>GENERIC</filename>)
	    ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÓÏÂÉÒÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁÒÔÙ</primary>
	<secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ,
	ÅÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ.  ëÁË É ÍÎÏÇÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ, ÓÅÔÅ×ÁÑ
	ËÁÒÔÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
	<application>sysinstall</application>.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
	××ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ifconfig</userinput>
dc0: flags=8843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255
        ether 00:a0:cc:da:da:da
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX &lt;full-duplex&gt;)
        status: active
dc1: flags=8843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255
        ether 00:a0:cc:da:da:db
        media: Ethernet 10baseT/UTP
        status: no carrier
lp0: flags=8810&lt;POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049&lt;UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 16384
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
tun0: flags=8010&lt;POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500</screen>

      <note>
	<para>óÔÁÒÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os; ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
	  &man.ifconfig.8; Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <option>-a</option>, ÚÁ
	  ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅÍ ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÁ &man.ifconfig.8;
	  ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ.  õÞÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ
	  ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë IPv6 (<literal>inet6</literal> É Ô.Ð.)
	  ÕÂÒÁÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ.</para>
      </note>

      <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><devicename>dc0</devicename>: ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ Ethernet
	    ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><devicename>dc1</devicename>:  ×ÔÏÒÏÊ Ethernet
	    ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><devicename>lp0</devicename>: ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
	    ÐÏÒÔÁ</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><devicename>lo0</devicename>: ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï loopback</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><devicename>tun0</devicename>: ÔÕÎÎÅÌØÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï,
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÅ <application>ppp</application></para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>äÌÑ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÅ &os; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÉÍÑ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ É ÐÏÒÑÄËÏ×ÙÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ËÁÒÔÁ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	ÐÒÉ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <devicename>sis2</devicename>
	ÜÔÏ ÔÒÅÔØÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÁÑ ËÁÒÔÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÁÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.sis.4;.</para>

      <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ, ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <devicename>dc0</devicename> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ
	É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.  ëÌÀÞÅ×ÙÅ ÐÒÉÚÎÁËÉ ÔÁËÏ×Ù:</para>

      <orderedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><literal>UP</literal> ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÒÔÁ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ É
	    ÇÏÔÏ×Á.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>õ ËÁÒÔÙ ÅÓÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ (<literal>inet</literal>)
	    ÁÄÒÅÓ (× ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
	    <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.1.3</hostid>).</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÍÁÓËÁ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ (<literal>netmask</literal>;
	    <hostid role="netmask">0xffffff00</hostid>, ÔÏ ÖÅ, ÞÔÏ É
	    <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.0</hostid>).</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ûÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ (× ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ,
	    <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.1.255</hostid>).</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ MAC ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ËÁÒÔÙ (<literal>ether</literal>)
	    <hostid role="mac">00:a0:cc:da:da:da</hostid></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>÷ÙÂÏÒ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÒÅÄÙ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ Á×ÔÏ×ÙÂÏÒÁ
	    (<literal>media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX
	    &lt;full-duplex&gt;)</literal>).  íÙ ×ÉÄÉÍ, ÞÔÏ
	    <devicename>dc1</devicename> ÂÙÌÁ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
	    <literal>10baseT/UTP</literal>.  úÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ
	    ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÕ ÔÉÐÁÈ ÓÒÅÄÙ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ
	    Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>óÔÁÔÕÓ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (<literal>status</literal>)
	    <literal>active</literal>, Ô.Å. ÎÅÓÕÝÁÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÁ.
	    äÌÑ <devicename>dc1</devicename>, ÍÙ ×ÉÄÉÍ
	    <literal>status: no carrier</literal>.  üÔÏ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, ËÏÇÄÁ
	    Ethernet ËÁÂÅÌØ ÎÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ Ë ËÁÒÔÅ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para>åÓÌÉ &man.ifconfig.8; ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

<screen>dc0: flags=8843&lt;BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
	        ether 00:a0:cc:da:da:da</screen>

      <para>ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÒÔÁ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÁ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ËÁÒÔÙ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	<username>root</username>.  îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
	×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.ifconfig.8;, ÎÏ
	×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
	ðÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ËÁÒÔ ÜÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>

      <para>ïÔËÒÏÊÔÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ
	ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ.  ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ
	ËÁÒÔÙ, ÉÍÅÀÝÅÊÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, × ÎÁÛÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÂÙÌÏ
	ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÏ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>

<programlisting>ifconfig_dc0="inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_dc1="inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 10baseT/UTP"</programlisting>

      <para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <devicename>dc0</devicename>,
	<devicename>dc1</devicename>, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ
	ÉÍÅÎÁ ×ÁÛÉÈ ËÁÒÔ, ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.
	ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ É
	&man.ifconfig.8;, ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ
	ÏÐÃÉÑÈ É Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.rc.conf.5; ÚÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÌÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ËÁÒÔÕ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
	ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÕÖÅ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ.
	÷ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÐÅÒÅÄ
	ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ËÁËÉÈ-ÌÉÂÏ ÓÔÒÏË.</para>

      <para>ïÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>
	ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÎ É IP ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× ÓÅÔÉ,
	ÅÓÌÉ ÉÈ ÅÝÅ ÔÁÍ ÎÅÔ.  úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ
	Ë man.hosts.5;
	É Ë <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/hosts</filename>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ôÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ É ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</title>

      <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ×ÎÅÓÅÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ.
	éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÙ, ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÅÎÁ	ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË.</para>

      <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÓÑ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
	ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ Ethernet ËÁÒÔÙ</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁÒÔÙ</primary>
	  <secondary>ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>äÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ,
	  ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ping ÄÌÑ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ
	  ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

	<para>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ:</para>

<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ping -c5 192.168.1.3</userinput>
PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.082 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.076 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.108 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.076 ms

--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.074/0.083/0.108/0.013 ms</screen>

	<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ:</para>

<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ping -c5 192.168.1.2</userinput>
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.726 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.766 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.700 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.747 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.704 ms

--- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.700/0.729/0.766/0.025 ms</screen>

	<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
	  <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.1.2</hostid>, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÆÁÊÌ
	  <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁÒÔÙ</primary>
	<secondary>ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÍ É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÍ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
	×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉ× ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ
	ÓÁÍÙÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÅ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ.  ðÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ ÌÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÂÅÌØ? ðÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÌÉ
	ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ?  ðÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÌÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒ?
	ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ ËÁÒÔÁ × &os;?  ÷ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÊÔÅ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÏÊ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ.
	ïÂÎÏ×ÉÔÅ &os; ÄÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ STABLE.  ðÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
	ÁÒÈÉ×Ù ÓÐÉÓËÏ× ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ, ÉÌÉ ÐÏÉÝÉÔÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ × ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ËÁÒÔÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÎÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ
	ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.tuning.7;.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ
	ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÅÔÉ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ
	ÎÉÚËÏÊ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>

      <para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍÉ
	<errorname>device timeouts</errorname>, ÞÔÏ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
	ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ËÁÒÔ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ É ÎÁÄÏÅÄÁÅÔ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ
	ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÎÅ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÕÅÔ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ.  ÷ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ
	ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ËÁÂÅÌÑ.  ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÄÏ
	ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ËÁÒÔÕ.</para>

      <para>÷ÒÅÍÑ ÏÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ×ÉÄÑÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË
	<errorname>watchdog timeout</errorname>.  ðÅÒ×ÏÅ, ÞÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ,
	ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÂÅÌØ.  íÎÏÇÉÅ ËÁÒÔÙ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
	Bus Mastering ÓÌÏÔÏÍ PCI.  îÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÁÈ,
	ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ PCI ÓÌÏÔ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÁËÕÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÓÌÏÔ 0).
	ó×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ Ó ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÅÊ ÎÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ËÁÒÔÕ É ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÕÀ ÐÌÁÔÕ,
	ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ.</para>

      <para>óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ <errorname>No route to host</errorname> ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ Ë ÈÏÓÔÕ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ.
	üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ,
	ÉÌÉ ËÁÂÅÌØ ÎÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ×Ù×ÏÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>netstat
	-rn</command> É ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÈÏÓÔÕ
	ÅÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref
	linkend="advanced-networking"/>.</para>

      <para>óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ <errorname>ping: sendto: Permission denied</errorname>
	ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÍ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÅ.
	åÓÌÉ <command>ipfw</command> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ × ÑÄÒÅ, ÎÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ ÎÅ
	ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÙ, ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÔÒÁÆÉË,
	ÄÁÖÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ping!  ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref
	linkend="firewalls"/> Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>

      <para>éÎÏÇÄÁ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ËÁÒÔÙ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÁ, ÉÌÉ ÎÉÖÅ ÓÒÅÄÎÅÇÏ.  ÷ ÜÔÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ
	ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÔÉÐÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ó
	<literal>autoselect</literal> ÎÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÊ ÔÉÐ.
	ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÅÝÅ ÒÁÚ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÅÔÉ
	É ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.tuning.7;.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-virtual-hosts">
    <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×</title>

    <indexterm><primary>×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÙ ip</primary></indexterm>

    <para>ïÞÅÎØ ÞÁÓÔÏ &os; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÁÊÔÏ×, ËÏÇÄÁ
      ÏÄÉÎ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × ÓÅÔÉ ËÁË ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×.  üÔÏ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔÓÑ
      ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ.</para>

    <para>õ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÅÓÔØ ÏÄÉÎ <quote>ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ</quote>
      ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÈÏÔÑ ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï <quote>ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÏ×</quote>
      (alias).  üÔÉ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÙ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÕÔ£Í ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ
      ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>

    <para>óÉÎÏÎÉÍ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ <devicename>fxp0</devicename> ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ
      ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>

<programlisting>ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"</programlisting>

    <para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÏ× ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØÓÑ Ó
      <literal>alias0</literal> É ÉÄÔÉ ÄÁÌÅÅ × ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ
      (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <literal>_alias1</literal>, <literal>_alias2</literal>,
      É Ô.Ä.). ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÐÏ ÐÏÒÑÄËÕ
      ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍ ÞÉÓÌÅ.</para>

    <para>ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÓËÉ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÁ ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÎÏ, ÎÏ Ë ÓÞÁÓÔØÀ,
      ÔÁË ÖÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ.  äÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÏÄÉÎ ÁÄÒÅÓ Ó
      ÉÓÔÉÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÓËÏÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ.  ìÀÂÏÊ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ
      ÍÁÓËÕ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, ÓÏÓÔÏÑÝÕÀ ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÅÄÉÎÉÞÅË (ÞÔÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË
      <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.255</hostid> ÉÌÉ ËÁË
      <hostid role="netmask">0xffffffff</hostid>).</para>

    <para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
      <devicename>fxp0</devicename> ÐÏÄËÌÀÞ£Î Ë Ä×ÕÍ ÓÅÔÑÍ, Ë ÓÅÔÉ
      <hostid role="ipaddr">10.1.1.0</hostid> Ó ÍÁÓËÏÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ
      <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.0</hostid> É Ë ÓÅÔÉ
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.16</hostid> Ó ÍÁÓËÏÊ
      <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.240</hostid>.  íÙ ÈÏÔÉÍ,
      ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÙÌÁ ×ÉÄÎÁ ÐÏ IP, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó
      <hostid role="ipaddr">10.1.1.1</hostid> ÐÏ
      <hostid role="ipaddr">10.1.1.5</hostid> É Ó
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.17</hostid> ÐÏ
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.20</hostid>. ëÁË ÂÙÌÏ ÓËÁÚÁÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ,
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ × ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÅ (× ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ,
      <hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.1.1</hostid> É
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.17</hostid>) ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÕÀ
      ÍÁÓËÕ ÓÅÔÉ; ×ÓÅ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ (Ó <hostid role="ipaddr">10.1.1.2</hostid>
      ÐÏ <hostid role="ipaddr">10.1.1.5</hostid> É Ó
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.18</hostid> ÐÏ
      <hostid role="ipaddr">202.0.75.20</hostid>) ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
      ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ Ó ÍÁÓËÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ
      <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.255</hostid>.</para>

    <para>äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
      ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ:</para>

<programlisting>ifconfig_fxp0="inet 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet 10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias1="inet 10.1.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias2="inet 10.1.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias3="inet 10.1.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias4="inet 202.0.75.17 netmask 255.255.255.240"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias5="inet 202.0.75.18 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias6="inet 202.0.75.19 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias7="inet 202.0.75.20 netmask 255.255.255.255"</programlisting>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-configfiles">
    <title>æÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/etc</filename></title>
      <para>÷Ï FreeBSD ÏÐÒÅÄẠ̊ΠÒÑÄ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ
	ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.  üÔÏ:</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
	  <colspec colwidth="2*"/>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc</filename></entry>
	      <entry>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ôÕÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÙ
		ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏ&ndash;ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc/defaults</filename></entry>
	      <entry>÷ÅÒÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÏ
		ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc/mail</filename></entry>
	      <entry>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ &man.sendmail.8;,
		ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ MTA.
	      </entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc/ppp</filename></entry>
	      <entry>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÄÌÑ user- É kernel-ppp ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.
	      </entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc/namedb</filename></entry>
	      <entry>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ &man.named.8;.
		ïÂÙÞÎÏ <filename>named.conf</filename> É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÚÏÎ
		ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/usr/local/etc</filename></entry>
	      <entry>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.  íÏÇÕÔ
		ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename></entry>
	      <entry>óËÒÉÐÔÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ/ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.</entry>
	    </row>
	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/var/db</filename></entry>
	      <entry>á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏ-ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ
		ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, É ÔÁË
		ÄÁÌÅÅ</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>éÍÅÎÁ ÈÏÓÔÏ×</title>

      <indexterm><primary>hostname</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>DNS</primary></indexterm>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><filename>resolv.conf</filename></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ, ËÁË
	  ÒÅÚÏÌ×ÅÒ (resolver) &os; ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë óÉÓÔÅÍÅ äÏÍÅÎÎÙÈ
	  éͣΠ(DNS).</para>

	<para>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ <filename>resolv.conf</filename>:
	</para>

	<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	  <tgroup cols="2">
	  <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
	  <colspec colwidth="2*"/>

	    <tbody>
	      <row>
		<entry><literal>nameserver</literal></entry>
		<entry>IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍ£Î.  óÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÏÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ
		  ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ.  íÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× &mdash; ÔÒÉ.</entry>
	      </row>
	      <row>
		<entry><literal>search</literal></entry>
		<entry>óÐÉÓÏË ÄÏÍÅÎÏ× ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ hostname lookup.
		  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÏÍ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
		  ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ.</entry>
	      </row>
	      <row>
		<entry><literal>domain</literal></entry>
		<entry>äÏÍÅÎ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ.</entry>
	      </row>
	    </tbody>
	  </tgroup>
	</informaltable>

	<para>ôÉÐÉÞÎÙÊ ×ÉÄ <filename>resolv.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>search example.com
nameserver 147.11.1.11
nameserver 147.11.100.30</programlisting>

	<note><para>ïÐÃÉÉ <literal>search</literal> É
	  <literal>domain</literal> ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ.</para></note>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ DHCP, &man.dhclient.8; ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ
	  <filename>resolv.conf</filename> ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÏÊ ÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×
	   DHCP.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>/etc/hosts</filename></title>

	<indexterm><primary>hosts</primary></indexterm>

	<para><filename>/etc/hosts</filename> &mdash; ÐÒÏÓÔÁÑ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÁÑ ÂÁÚÁ
	   ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÎÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  ïÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó
	   DNS É NIS, ÓÏÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÕ.
	   ïÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÙ, ÓÏÅÄÉΣÎÎÙÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÍÏÇÕÔ
	   ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÔÕÔ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ &man.named.8; ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ Ó ÃÅÌØÀ ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÑ.
	   ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	   ÚÁÐÉÓÉ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× É ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÉÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÏ×, ÉÚÂÁ×ÌÑÑ ÏÔ
	   ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× Ë DNS ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍ.</para>

	<programlisting># &dollar;&os;&dollar;
#
# Host Database
# This file should contain the addresses and aliases
# for local hosts that share this file.
# In the presence of the domain name service or NIS, this file may
# not be consulted at all; see /etc/nsswitch.conf for the resolution order.
#
#
::1                     localhost localhost.my.domain myname.my.domain
127.0.0.1               localhost localhost.my.domain myname.my.domain

#
# Imaginary network.
#10.0.0.2               myname.my.domain myname
#10.0.0.3               myfriend.my.domain myfriend
#
# According to RFC 1918, you can use the following IP networks for
# private nets which will never be connected to the Internet:
#
#       10.0.0.0        -   10.255.255.255
#       172.16.0.0      -   172.31.255.255
#       192.168.0.0     -   192.168.255.255
#
# In case you want to be able to connect to the Internet, you need
# real official assigned numbers.  PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE do not try
# to invent your own network numbers but instead get one from your
# network provider (if any) or from the Internet Registry (ftp to
# rs.internic.net, directory `/templates').
#</programlisting>

	<para>æÏÒÍÁÔ <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>[IP ÁÄÒÅÓ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÅ] [ÉÍÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ] [alias1] [alias2] ...</programlisting>

	<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

	<programlisting>10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2</programlisting>

	<para>úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë  &man.hosts.5;.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÌÏÇ ÆÁÊÌÏ×</title>

      <indexterm><primary>ÌÏÇ ÆÁÊÌÙ</primary></indexterm>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>syslog.conf</filename></title>

	<indexterm><primary>syslog.conf</primary></indexterm>

	<para><filename>syslog.conf</filename> is Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
	  ÄÌÑ &man.syslogd.8;.  ÷ Î£Í ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ, ÔÉÐÙ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ
	  ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ <command>syslog</command>, É ÌÏÇ ÆÁÊÌÙ, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÎÉ
	  ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</para>

	<programlisting># &dollar;&os;&dollar;
#
#       Spaces ARE valid field separators in this file. However,
#       other *nix-like systems still insist on using tabs as field
#       separators. If you are sharing this file between systems, you
#       may want to use only tabs as field separators here.
#       Consult the syslog.conf(5) manual page.
*.err;kern.debug;auth.notice;mail.crit          /dev/console
*.notice;kern.debug;lpr.info;mail.crit;news.err /var/log/messages
security.*                                      /var/log/security
mail.info                                       /var/log/maillog
lpr.info                                        /var/log/lpd-errs
cron.*                                          /var/log/cron
*.err                                           root
*.notice;news.err                               root
*.alert                                         root
*.emerg                                         *
# uncomment this to log all writes to /dev/console to /var/log/console.log
#console.info                                   /var/log/console.log
# uncomment this to enable logging of all log messages to /var/log/all.log
#*.*                                            /var/log/all.log
# uncomment this to enable logging to a remote log host named loghost
#*.*                                            @loghost
# uncomment these if you're running inn
# news.crit                                     /var/log/news/news.crit
# news.err                                      /var/log/news/news.err
# news.notice                                   /var/log/news/news.notice
!startslip
*.*                                             /var/log/slip.log
!ppp
*.*                                             /var/log/ppp.log</programlisting>

	<para>úÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ
	  Ë &man.syslog.conf.5;.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>newsyslog.conf</filename></title>

	<indexterm><primary>newsyslog.conf</primary></indexterm>

	<para><filename>newsyslog.conf</filename> &mdash; ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ
	  &man.newsyslog.8;, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ &man.cron.8;.
	  &man.newsyslog.8; ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÌÏÇ-ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ ×
	  ÁÒÈÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ É ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÐÐÉÒÏ×ËÅ.
	  <filename>logfile</filename> ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ ×
	  <filename>logfile.0</filename>, <filename>logfile.0</filename>
	  ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ × <filename>logfile.1</filename>, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.
	  äÒÕÇÏÅ ÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÁÒÈÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
	  &man.gzip.1;: <filename>logfile.0.gz</filename>,
	  <filename>logfile.1.gz</filename>, É Ô.Ä.</para>

	<para><filename>newsyslog.conf</filename> ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ÌÏÇ ÆÁÊÌÙ
	  ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÉÎÓÐÅËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÈ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÏ, É ËÏÇÄÁ
	  ÏÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÙ.  ìÏÇ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÐÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ
	  É/ÉÌÉ ÚÁÁÒÈÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ ÌÉÂÏ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ
	  ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ, ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉ ÄÏÓÔÉÖÅÎÉÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÈ ÄÁÔÙ/×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.</para>

	<programlisting># configuration file for newsyslog
# &dollar;&os;&dollar;
#
# filename          [owner:group]    mode count size when [ZB] [/pid_file] [sig_num]
/var/log/cron                           600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/amd.log                        644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/kerberos.log                   644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/lpd-errs                       644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/maillog                        644  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/sendmail.st                    644  10    *    168   B
/var/log/messages                       644  5     100  *     Z
/var/log/all.log                        600  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/slip.log                       600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/ppp.log                        600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/security                       600  10    100  *     Z
/var/log/wtmp                           644  3     *    @01T05 B
/var/log/daily.log                      640  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/weekly.log                     640  5     1    $W6D0 Z
/var/log/monthly.log                    640  12    *    $M1D0 Z
/var/log/console.log                    640  5     100  *     Z</programlisting>

	<para>úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
	  &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="configtuning-sysctlconf">
      <title><filename>sysctl.conf</filename></title>

      <indexterm><primary>sysctl.conf</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>sysctl</primary></indexterm>

      <para><filename>sysctl.conf</filename> ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÈÏÖ ÎÁ
	<filename>rc.conf</filename>.  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ
	<literal>variable=value</literal>.  õËÁÚÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
	ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ
	ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ × ÜÔÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.</para>

      <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒ <filename>sysctl.conf</filename>, ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
	ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ É ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ
	Linux-ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÄ &os;:</para>

      <programlisting>kern.logsigexit=0       # Do not log fatal signal exits (e.g. sig 11)
compat.linux.osname=&os;
compat.linux.osrelease=4.3-STABLE</programlisting>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-sysctl">
    <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ sysctl</title>

    <indexterm><primary>sysctl</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</primary>
      <secondary>Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ sysctl</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>&man.sysctl.8; &mdash; ÜÔÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ×ÁÍ ×ÎÏÓÉÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
      × ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ &os;.  üÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ËÁÓÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ ÓÔÅËÁ
      TCP/IP É ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ; ÏÐÙÔÎÙÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ
      ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÄÌÑ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ.
      âÏÌÅÅ ÐÑÔÉ ÔÙÓÑÞ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÎÙ É
      ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.sysctl.8;.</para>

    <para>ðÏ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÓÕÔÉ, &man.sysctl.8; ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ Ä×Å ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ: ÞÔÅÎÉÅ
      É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    <para>äÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sysctl -a</userinput></screen>

    <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
      <varname>kern.maxproc</varname>, ××ÅÄÉÔÅ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sysctl kern.maxproc</userinput>
kern.maxproc: 1044</screen>

    <para>äÌÑ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎÉÑ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ×ÉÄÁ
      <replaceable>ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ</replaceable>=<replaceable>ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ</replaceable>:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000</userinput>
kern.maxfiles: 2088 -&gt; 5000</screen>

    <para>éÚÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ sysctl ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
      ÌÉÂÏ ÓÔÒÏËÏ×ÏÇÏ, ÌÉÂÏ ÃÅÌÏÇÏ, ÌÉÂÏ ÂÕÌÅ×ÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ.  ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÂÕÌÅ×ÏÇÏ
      ÔÉÐÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ Ä×Á ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ (<literal>1</literal> (ÉÓÔÉÎÁ) É
      <literal>0</literal> (ÌÏÖØ)).</para>

    <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
      ÐÒÉ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÉÈ × ÆÁÊÌ
      <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.  úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.sysctl.conf.5;
      É Ë <xref linkend="configtuning-sysctlconf"/>.</para>

  <sect2 id="sysctl-readonly">
    <sect2info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	 <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	 <contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	 <!-- 31 January 2003 -->
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect2info>
    <title>ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ &man.sysctl.8; ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ</title>

    <para>÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
      &man.sysctl.8; ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ.  éÎÏÇÄÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÒÅÛÉÔØ
      ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ ÎÅÔ; ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ, ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÜÔÁÐÅ
      ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>

    <para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÏÄÅÌÑÈ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÏ× ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
      &man.cardbus.4; ÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ É ×ÙÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÂÌÉÚÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÔÁËÁÑ
      ÏÛÉÂËÁ:</para>

    <screen>cbb0: Could not map register memory
device_probe_and_attach: cbb0 attach returned 12</screen>

    <para>óÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, ÐÏÈÏÖÉÅ ÎÁ ÜÔÕ, ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ
      &man.sysctl.8;, ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎÁ.  äÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ
      ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ &man.sysctl.8; <quote>OID</quote>
      × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ
      ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
      <filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</filename>.</para>

    <para>òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÏÊ ×ÙÛÅ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
      <option>hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range=1</option> × ×ÙÛÅÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÙÊ
      ÆÁÊÌ.  ôÅÐÅÒØ &man.cardbus.4; ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ.</para>

    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-disk">
    <title>ïÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ Sysctl</title>

      <sect3>
	<title><varname>vfs.vmiodirenable</varname></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><varname>vfs.vmiodirenable</varname></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <varname>vfs.vmiodirenable</varname>
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ × 0 (×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÏ) ÉÌÉ 1 (×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ); ÐÏ
	  ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ 1.  üÔÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÚÁ ÍÅÔÏÄ ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	  ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×.  òÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× ÎÅ×ÅÌÉË.  ïÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	  ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÅ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ 1K), É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÔØ
	  ÅÝ£ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ 512&nbsp;ÂÁÊÔ) × ËÜÛÅ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ.
	  ðÒÉ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ (ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ 0)
	  ÂÕÆÅÒ ÐÒÏËÜÛÉÒÕÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ
	  ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ðÒÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ (ÐÒÉ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ 1) ÜÔÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
	  sysctl ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÞÎÏÅ ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ VM,
	  ÄÅÌÁÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×
	  ×ÅÓØ ÏÂß£Í ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ,
	  ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂß£Í ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ÄÌÑ
	  ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× ÓÔÁÌ ÒÁ×ÅÎ ÏÂߣÍÕ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ 4&nbsp;K)
	  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ 512&nbsp;ÂÁÊÔ.  íÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ,
	  ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÍÁÎÉÐÕÌÉÒÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ
	  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.  ðÒÉÍÅÒÏÍ ÔÁËÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ËÜÛÉÒÕÀÝÉÅ
	  ÐÒÏËÓÉ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ É ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÅÊ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ
	  ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÎÅ ÐÏÎÉÖÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ
	  ÐÏÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ÏÐÔÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ
	  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>
      </sect3>

     <sect3>
 	<title><varname>vfs.write_behind</varname></title>

 	<indexterm>
 	  <primary><varname>vfs.write_behind</varname></primary>
 	</indexterm>

 	<para>ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <varname>vfs.write_behind</varname> ÐÏ
	  ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ × <literal>1</literal> (×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ).  ïÎÁ
	  ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÎÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØ ÐÏ ËÌÁÓÔÅÒÁÍ,
	  ÞÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.  éÄÅÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	  ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÜÛÁ ÎÅÐÏÌÎÙÍÉ ÂÕÆÅÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ
	  Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ É × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ
	  ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ.</para>
       </sect3>

       <sect3>
 	<title><varname>vfs.hirunningspace</varname></title>

 	<indexterm>
 	  <primary><varname>vfs.hirunningspace</varname></primary>
 	</indexterm>

 	<para>ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <varname>vfs.hirunningspace</varname>
	  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	  ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ × ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ.  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ,
	  ÎÏ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÏ× ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	  Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÄÏ ÞÅÔÙÒÅÈ ÉÌÉ ÐÑÔÉ <emphasis>ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ</emphasis>.
	  õÞÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ (ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÅÇÏ
	  ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÞÅÎØ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÍÕ
	  ÐÁÄÅÎÉÀ ÏÂÝÅÊ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ.  îÅ ÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
	  ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ!  âÏÌØÛÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
	  ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÁÍ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÏÇÏ × ÔÏ ÖÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ</para>

 	<para>åÓÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÈÓÑ Ë ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ
	  × ÂÕÆÅÒ É ÓÔÒÁÎÉÞÎÏÍÕ ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ VM.  íÙ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ
	  ÜÔÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ VM ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÕÀ
	  ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÐÏ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÁÍÏÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ.</para>
       </sect3>

       <sect3>
 	<title><varname>vm.swap_idle_enabled</varname></title>

 	<indexterm>
 	  <primary><varname>vm.swap_idle_enabled</varname></primary>
 	</indexterm>

 	<para>ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <varname>vm.swap_idle_enabled</varname>
	  ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ ÅÓÔØ
	  ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ É ×ÙÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, É
	  ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÖÉÄÁÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×.  ôÁËÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔ
	  ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÎÁ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ÷ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ
	  ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÉ (swapout hysteresis,
	  × ÓÅËÕÎÄÁÈ) ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ
 	  <varname>vm.swap_idle_threshold1</varname> É
 	  <varname>vm.swap_idle_threshold2</varname> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÁÔØ
	  ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÚÁÎÑÔÙÅ ÏÖÉÄÁÀÝÉÍÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÍÉ, ÂÏÌÅÅ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ,
	  ÞÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÍ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÅ ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÉ.  üÔÏ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ
	  ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ.  îÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÏÎ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ
	  ÄÅÌÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÅÇÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ × ÓÕÝÎÏÓÔÉ
	  ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÒÁÎÎÅÊ ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ ÉÚ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ; ÜÔÏ
	  ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÎÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÕ É ÄÉÓË.  ÷ ÍÁÌÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ
	  ÜÆÆÅËÔ ÏÔ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÐÒÅÄÓËÁÚÕÅÍ, ÎÏ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÎÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÏÊ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ VM ÐÒÏÝÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ É ×ÙÇÒÕÖÁÔØ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÉÚ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>
       </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><varname>hw.ata.wc</varname></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><varname>hw.ata.wc</varname></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>÷Ï &os;&nbsp;4.3 ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÎÁ IDE ÄÉÓËÉ ÂÙÌÏ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÏ.
	  üÔÏ ÐÏÎÉÖÁÌÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ IDE ÄÉÓËÏ× × ÔÅÓÔÁÈ, ÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ
	  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ ÌÕÞÛÅÊ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÔÏÍ,
	  ÞÔÏ IDE ÄÉÓËÉ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË.
	  ðÒÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÍ ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ IDE ÄÉÓËÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
	  × ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ &mdash; ÐÒÉ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	  ÂÌÏËÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÄÅÒÖÁÔØÓÑ ÄÏ ÂÅÓËÏÎÅÞÎÏÓÔÉ.  óÂÏÊ, ÉÌÉ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ
	  ÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÓÅÒØ£ÚÎÙÈ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÊ × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	  ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÂÙÌÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ.  ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÔÁÌÏ
	  ÓÔÏÌØ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÐÏÔÅÒÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ
	  ÒÅÌÉÚÁ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÂÙÌÏ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÅÎÏ × ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÅ
	  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ.  ÷ÁÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl
	  <varname>hw.ata.wc</varname> ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.  åÓÌÉ ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	  ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÏ &mdash; ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÅÇÏ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
	  ÑÄÒÁ, ÒÁ×ÎÏÅ 1.  üÔÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÐÒÉ
	  ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÚÖÅ &mdash; ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ
	  ÓÉÌÙ.</para>

	<para>úÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë &man.ata.4;.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><literal>SCSI_DELAY</literal>
	(<varname>kern.cam.scsi_delay</varname>)</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><varname>kern.cam.scsi_delay</varname></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>ÏÐÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>
	  <secondary><literal>SCSI_DELAY</literal></secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÄÒÁ <literal>SCSI_DELAY</literal> ÍÏÖÅÔ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
	  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ÅÌÉËÏ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ
	  <literal>15</literal> ÓÅËÕÎÄ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.  õÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÅ
	  ÅÇÏ ÄÏ <literal>5</literal> ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ (ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ
	  Ó ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ).  ÷ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ &os; (5.0 É ×ÙÛÅ) ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <varname>kern.cam.scsi_delay</varname>,
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ É ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ×
	  <emphasis>ÍÉÌÌÉÓÅËÕÎÄÁÈ</emphasis>, Á <emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> ×
	  <emphasis>ÓÅËÕÎÄÁÈ</emphasis>.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="soft-updates">
      <title>Soft Updates</title>

      <indexterm><primary>Soft Updates</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>tunefs</primary></indexterm>

      <para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &man.tunefs.8; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×,
	ÎÏ ÍÙ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ÌÉÛØ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ &mdash; ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ É ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ
	Soft Updates, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -n enable /filesystem</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -n disable /filesystem</userinput></screen>

      <para>îÅÌØÚÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.tunefs.8; ËÏÇÄÁ
	ÏÎÁ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ.  óÁÍÏÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ "Soft Updates"
	- ÐÅÒÅÄ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.</para>

      <para>Soft Updates ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÀÔ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ É ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÕÔ£Í ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  íÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Soft
	Updates ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ Õ Soft Updates ÅÓÔØ
	É ÏÂÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ: ×Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, Soft Updates ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÂÏÑ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÂÌÀÄÁÔØÓÑ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÁ ×
	ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÅËÕÎÄ (ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÍÉÎÕÔÕ!) ÐÅÒÅÄ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ ÎÁ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË.
	åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁ×ÉÓÎÅÔ &mdash; ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÔØ
	ÂÏÌØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ, ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ ×Ù ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÌÉ Soft Updates.  ÷Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ,
	Soft Updates ÚÁÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÂÌÏËÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
	åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
	ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	<command>make installworld</command>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ
	ÐÅÒÅÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï Soft Updates</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>Soft Updates</primary>
	  <secondary>ÄÅÔÁÌÉ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>åÓÔØ Ä×Á ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
	  ÎÁ ÄÉÓË (ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ: ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÅ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÙ É
	  ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ).</para>

	<para>éÓÔÏÒÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÍ
	  ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  åÓÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÂÙÌ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
	  ÖÄÅÔ, ÐÏËÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÏ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË.
	  óÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ ËÜÛ É ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ
	  ÄÉÓË ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏ.  ðÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ × ÅÇÏ
	  ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔÉ.  ðÒÉ ÓÂÏÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ
	  ÏÓÔÁÀÔÓÑ × ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ.  æÁÊÌ ÌÉÂÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÃÅÌÉËÏÍ,
	  ÌÉÂÏ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ.  åÓÌÉ ÂÌÏËÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ
	  × ÆÁÊÌ ÉÚ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÂÏÑ, &man.fsck.8; ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
	  ÜÔÏ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É× ÄÌÉÎÕ ÆÁÊÌÁ × 0.
	  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ É ÐÏÎÑÔÎÁ.
	  îÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏË × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ
	  ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.  ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>rm -r</command>, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, É ËÁÖÄÏÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ
	  × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ (ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ) ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÏ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË.
	  óÀÄÁ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ, ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÈ
	  ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÏ×, É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÌÏËÏ×, ÚÁÎÑÔÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ.  ôÅ ÖÅ
	  ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ËÅ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÊ
	  (<command>tar -x</command>).</para>

	<para>äÒÕÇÏÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÜÔÏ ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  üÔÏ
	  ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ Linux/ext2fs É *BSD ufs Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
  	  <command>mount -o async</command>.  ÷ÓÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	  ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ËÜÛ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ, ËÁË É ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.
	  ðÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÜÔÏÊ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÖÄÁÔØ
	  ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ, ÐÏËÁ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
	  ×ÓÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÏÂßÅÍÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	  ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔØ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ.
	  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ É ÐÏÎÑÔÎÁ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
	  ÒÉÓË ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË × ËÏÄÅ ÎÅ×ÅÌÉË.  îÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏË × ÔÏÍ,
	  ÞÔÏ ÎÅÔ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÊ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  åÓÌÉ
	  ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄÅÔ
	  ÓÂÏÊ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅ ËÎÏÐËÉ reset),
	  ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÏÓÔÁÎÅÔÓÑ × ÎÅÐÒÅÄÓËÁÚÕÅÍÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ.
	  îÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ
	  ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÓÂÏÑ; ÂÌÏËÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÖÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË,
	  Á ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÈ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÏ× ÎÅÔ.  îÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
	  ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ <command>fsck</command>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÇÌÁ ÂÙ
	  ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÉ×ÛÉÊÓÑ ÈÁÏÓ (ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
	  ÎÅÔ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ).  åÓÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÁ ×Ï
	  ×ÒÅÍÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
	  &mdash; ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ &man.newfs.8; É ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	  ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÊ ËÏÐÉÅÊ.</para>

	<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÌÏ × ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ
	  <emphasis>ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÎÏÊ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ (dirty region
	  logging)</emphasis>, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÍ ËÁË
	  <emphasis>ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</emphasis>, ÈÏÔÑ ÜÔÏÔ ÔÅÒÍÉÎ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ É ÐÏÒÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÌÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ
	  ÆÏÒÍÁÍ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÊ.  ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	  ËÁË É ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏ, ÎÏ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÕÀ ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ
	  ÄÉÓËÁ.  ðÏÚÖÅ ÏÎÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÕÄÁ, ÇÄÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ.
	  ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÁÑ,
	  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÇÏÌÏ×ËÁÍ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ
	  ÎÅ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÒÁÓÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ ÄÁÖÅ
	  ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÊ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ
	  ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.
	  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
	  ÒÉÓË ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÎÅ×ÅÌÉË.  îÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏË × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ
	  ×ÓÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä×ÁÖÄÙ (ÏÄÉÎ ÒÁÚ
	  × ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏÄÉÎ ÒÁÚ ÏËÏÎÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏ),
	  ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	  ÐÏÎÉÚÉÔØÓÑ.  ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÂÏÑ ×ÓÅ
	  ÎÅÚÁËÏÎÞÅÎÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ
	  ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÙ, ÉÌÉ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
	  ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÂÏÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ.</para>

	<para>Kirk McKusick, ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉË Berkeley FFS, ÒÅÛÉÌ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ
	  Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ Soft Updates: ×ÓÅ ÎÅÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÙÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	  ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ É ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË × ÕÐÏÒÑÄÏÞÅÎÎÏÍ
	  ×ÉÄÅ (<quote>ÕÐÏÒÑÄÏÞÅÎÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ</quote>).
	  ðÒÉ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑÈ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÚÄÎÉÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
	  <quote>ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ</quote> Ë ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÍ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ
	  ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ É ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÓÅ
	  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ, ÓËÁÖÅÍ, ÎÁÄ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏÍ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
	  ÐÅÒÅÄ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË (ÂÌÏËÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÏÒÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ
	  × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÉÈ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅÍ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ
	  ÎÁ ÄÉÓË ÄÏ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  ðÒÉ ËÒÁÈÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ
	  <quote>ÏÔËÁÔ</quote>: ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ, ÎÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ
	  ÄÉÓË, ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÌÉ.  æÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
	  ÔÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÏÎÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÚÁ 30&ndash;60 ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÄÏ ÓÂÏÑ.
	  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ
	  ÍÁÒËÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ × Ó×ÏÉÈ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÑÈ: ÂÌÏËÉ É
	  ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÅ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÙ.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÓÂÏÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÓÔÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
	  ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, ÏÎÉ ÐÏÍÅÞÁÀÔÓÑ ËÁË <quote>ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ</quote>,
	  ÈÏÔÑ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ <quote>Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÙ</quote>.  &man.fsck.8;
	  ÒÁÚÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ É ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÁÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ
	  ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÓÂÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ
	  Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <command>mount -f</command>.  äÌÑ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×,
	  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, × ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
	  ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ &man.fsck.8;.  üÔÁ ÉÄÅÑ ÌÅÖÉÔ × ÏÓÎÏ×Å
	  <emphasis>background (ÆÏÎÏ×ÁÑ) fsck</emphasis>: ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	  ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ <emphasis>ÓÎÉÍÏË</emphasis> ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
	  ÷ÓÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ × <quote>ÇÒÑÚÎÏÍ</quote>
	  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ, É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ.
	  úÁÔÅÍ, ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÅ <command>fsck</command> ÓÔÁ×ÑÔÓÑ × ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÄÌÑ
	  ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÇÄÅ ÜÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÄÉÔØ ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ
	  ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ.  (æÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÇÄÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ Soft Updates,
	  ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ <command>fsck</command> × ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍ
	  ÒÅÖÉÍÅ).</para>

	<para>ðÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	  ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÔ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÔÁË ÖÅ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ, ËÁË ÐÒÉ ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÈ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑÈ
	  (Ô.Å. ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÒÉ <emphasis>ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ</emphasis>,
	  ËÏÇÄÁ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä×ÁÖÄÙ).  îÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏË × ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
	  ËÏÄÁ (ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÀÝÉÍ ÂÏÌØÛÉÊ ÒÉÓË ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË × ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ,
	  ÇÄÅ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ×ÙÓÏËÁ) É
	  × ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÉÈ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑÈ Ë ÏÂßÅÍÕ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ë ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	  ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ×ÚÇÌÑÄ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ.
	  ðÏÓÌÅ ÓÂÏÑ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ
	  <quote>ÓÔÁÒÏÅ</quote>.  ÷ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ
	  ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÕÌÅ×ÏÊ ÄÌÉÎÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ
	  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ <command>fsck</command>, × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Ó
	  Soft Updates ÉÈ ÎÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÅÔÓÑ ×Ï×ÓÅ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÎÉ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ,
	  ÎÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË.  äÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ
	  ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÏ ÐÏËÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	  ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÎÑÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ
	  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ <command>rm</command>.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏ×ÌÅÞØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ
	  ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÇÄÅ ÎÅ È×ÁÔÁÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
	  Ä×ÁÖÄÙ.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="configtuning-kernel-limits">
    <title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÑÄÒÏÍ</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÃÉÑ</primary>
      <secondary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <sect2 id="file-process-limits">
      <title>ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ æÁÊÌÙ/ðÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ</title>

      <sect3 id="kern-maxfiles">
	<title><varname>kern.maxfiles</varname></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><varname>kern.maxfiles</varname></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <varname>kern.maxfiles</varname> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÏ
	  ÉÌÉ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÏ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  üÔÁ
	  ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×.  ëÏÇÄÁ
	  ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÏÌÎÁ, × ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ
	  ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ <errorname>file: table is full</errorname>. üÔÏ
	  ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÎÏ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	  <command>dmesg</command>.</para>

	<para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÓÏËÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÂÕÆÅÒ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒ
	  ÆÁÊÌÁ.  ûÉÒÏËÏÍÁÓÛÔÁÂÎÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏ
	  ÔÙÓÑÞ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ,
	  ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ.</para>

	<para>óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <varname>kern.maxfile</varname> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	  ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <option>maxusers</option> × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
	  ÑÄÒÁ.  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <varname>kern.maxfiles</varname> Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	  ÐÒÏÐÏÒÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÀ <option>maxusers</option>.  ðÒÉ
	  ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ
	  ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔÑÍ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  éÓÈÏÄÑ ÉÚ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ,
	  ÑÄÒÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÐÒÅÄÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÈ
	  ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ.  äÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ Ë ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	  ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÐÏÄÓÏÅÄÉÎÑÔØÓÑ 256 ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÙÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ
	  ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÖÅ, ËÁË Õ ËÒÕÐÎÏÍÁÓÛÔÁÂÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.</para>

       <para>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔ
	 <literal>maxusers</literal>, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù Ñ×ÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÅÇÏ ×
	 <literal>0</literal><footnote>
	   <para>áÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔ
	     <literal>maxusers</literal> ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Õ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ,
	     ÇÄÅ ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 32, Á ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍ 384.</para>
	 </footnote>.
	 åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÖÅÌÁÅÔÅ ×ÙÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ
	 ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÔÏ ÚÁÄÁÊÔÅ <literal>maxusers</literal> ÐÏ
	 ÍÅÎØÛÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 4, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ X Window System ÉÌÉ
	 ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ.  ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÓÁÍÁÑ
	 ÚÎÁÞÉÍÁÑ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ, ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ <literal>maxusers</literal> -
	 ÜÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	 ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ <literal>20 + 16 * maxusers</literal>, É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ, ÅÓÌÉ
	 ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ <literal>maxusers</literal> × 1, ÔÏ ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	 ÉÍÅÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ 36 ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ 18 ÉÌÉ ÏËÏÌÏ ÔÏÇÏ,
	 ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ É 15 ÉÌÉ ÏËÏÌÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ
	 ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÄÉÔÅ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ X Window System.  äÁÖÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÁÑ ÚÁÄÁÞÁ, ËÁË
	 ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏÒÏÄÉÔ 9 ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× ÄÌÑ ÆÉÌØÔÒÁÃÉÉ,
	 ÄÅËÏÍÐÒÅÓÓÉÉ É Å£ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ.  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ <literal>maxusers</literal>
	 × 64 ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ×ÁÍ ÄÏ 1044 ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ÞÅÇÏ
	 ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÊ.  åÓÌÉ,
	 ÔÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, ×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÐÕÇÁÀÝÕÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ <errortype>proc table
	 full</errortype> ÐÒÉ ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÉÌÉ
	 ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
	 (ËÁË <hostid role="fqdn">ftp.FreeBSD.org</hostid>), ÔÏ ×Ù ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
	 ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ É ÐÅÒÅÓÏÂÒÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>

       <note>
	 <para><literal>maxusers</literal> <emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis>
	   ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÈÏÄÉÔØ ÎÁ
	   ×ÁÛÕ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ.  ïÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÔÁÂÌÉÃ
	   × ÒÁÚÕÍÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÑ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ,
	   ×Ù ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ É ËÁË ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×
	   ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ.  ëÌÀÞÅ×ÏÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ
	   ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÈ ×ÈÏÄÏ× É ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÈ X ÏËÏÎ -
	   ÜÔÏ <link linkend="kernelconfig-ptys"><literal>pseudo-device pty
	   16</literal></link>.  ó &os;&nbsp;5.X ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÁÄÏ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÉÔØÓÑ
	   Ï ÜÔÏÍ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÉ, ÔÁË ËÁË &man.pty.4; ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	   <quote>Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ËÌÏÎÉÒÕÀÝÉÍ</quote>; ×Ù ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
	   <literal>device pty</literal> × ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ.</para>
       </note>

      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title><varname>kern.ipc.somaxconn</varname></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary><varname>kern.ipc.somaxconn</varname></primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <varname>kern.ipc.somaxconn</varname>
	  ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÅÍÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ TCP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ.
	  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ <literal>128</literal> ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÁÌÏ ÄÌÑ
	  ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÊ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ web
	  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.  äÌÑ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
	  ÄÏ <literal>1024</literal> ÉÌÉ ×ÙÛÅ.  äÁÅÍÏÎ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	  ÓÁÍ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÐÒÉÅÍÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	  &man.sendmail.8;, ÉÌÉ <application>Apache</application>), ÎÏ
	  ÏÂÙÞÎÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ ÅÓÔØ ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ×Á ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
	  ÄÌÉÎÙ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ.  âÏÌÅÅ ÄÌÉÎÎÁÑ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ
	  ÁÔÁË Denial of Service (<abbrev>DoS</abbrev>).</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="nmbclusters">
      <title>óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ</title>

      <para>ïÐÃÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ <literal>NMBCLUSTERS</literal> ÏÂÕÓÌÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ
	ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï Mbuf, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.  îÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÔÒÁÆÉËÏÍ
	É ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÍ Mbuf ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÎÉÖÅÎÎÏÊ.  ëÁÖÄÙÊ ËÌÁÓÔÅÒ
	ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ Ä×ÕÍÑ ËÉÌÏÂÁÊÔÁÍÉ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ 1024 ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ
	2 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÂÕÆÅÒÏ×.
	äÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÐÔÉÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÓÔÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÅ
	×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ 1000
	ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ, É ËÁÖÄÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ <quote>ÓßÅÄÁÅÔ</quote> 16&nbsp;K ÂÕÆÅÒÁ
	ÐÒÉÅÍÁ É 16&nbsp;K ÂÕÆÅÒÁ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ 32&nbsp;MB ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
	ÐÏÄ ÂÕÆÅÒÙ.  èÏÒÏÛÅÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ &mdash; ÕÍÎÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ 2,
	2x32&nbsp;MB&nbsp;/&nbsp;2&nbsp;KB&nbsp;= 64&nbsp;MB&nbsp;/&nbsp;2&nbsp;kB&nbsp;= 32768.
	íÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ 4096 É 32768 ÄÌÑ ÍÁÛÉÎ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÏÂßÅÍÏÍ
	ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  îÅ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÊÔÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ, ÜÔÏ
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÁÄÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
	&man.netstat.1; Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <option>-m</option> ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ËÌÁÓÔÅÒÏ×.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ × loader ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
	<varname>kern.ipc.nmbclusters</varname>.  ôÏÌØËÏ × ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ
	&os; ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÓÏÂÒÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ (&man.config.8;) Ó ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍ
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <literal>NMBCLUSTERS</literal>.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÎÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×, ÉÎÔÅÎÓÉ×ÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ
	×ÙÚÏ× &man.sendfile.2;, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÕÆÅÒÏ×
	&man.sendfile.2; Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ
	<literal>NSFBUFS</literal>, ÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
	ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>
	(ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë &man.loader.8; ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ).  ïÂÝÉÊ
	ÐÒÉÚÎÁË ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ &mdash;
	ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× <literal>sfbufa</literal>.
	ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <varname>kern.ipc.nsfbufs</varname>
	ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó <varname>kern.maxusers</varname>, ÈÏÔÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ.</para>

      <important>
	<para>äÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÓÏËÅÔ ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎ ËÁË ÎÅÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ, ×ÙÚÏ×
	  &man.sendfile.2; ÎÁ ÎÅÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÅÍ ÓÏËÅÔÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	  &man.sendfile.2;, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÓÔÁÎÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï
	  <literal>struct sf_buf</literal>.</para>
      </important>

      <sect3>
	<title><varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.*</varname></title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>net.inet.ip.portrange.*</primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ sysctl <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.*</varname>
	  ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÕÀÔ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÙ ÎÏÍÅÒÏ× ÐÏÒÔÏ×, Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
	  Ë TCP É UDP ÓÏËÅÔÁÍ.  åÓÔØ ÔÒÉ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÁ: ÎÉÖÎÉÊ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎ,
	  ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ É ×ÅÒÈÎÉÊ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
	  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ
	  <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.first</varname> É
	  <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.last</varname>, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ
	  ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ × 1024 É 5000.  äÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÙ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÉ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ É ÐÒÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑÈ
	  ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ È×ÁÔÉÔØ.  üÔÏ ÞÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÎÁ
	  ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÏÍ ÐÒÏËÓÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ.  äÉÁÐÁÚÏÎ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÅ
	  ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔ
	  × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ Ó ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ
	  ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ mail relay.  äÌÑ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÊ,
	  ËÏÇÄÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÅÎ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏË ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ
	  Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.last</varname>.
	  íÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>10000</literal>,
	  <literal>20000</literal>, ÉÌÉ <literal>30000</literal>.
	  õÞÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÅ ×ÌÉÑÎÉÅ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ ÐÒÉ
	  ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÙ ÐÏÒÔÏ× (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ Ó ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÍÉ ÎÏÍÅÒÁÍÉ)
	  É ×ÙÎÕÖÄÁÀÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÉÅ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÙ ÄÌÑ
	  ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ.  ðÏ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ
	  ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
	  <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.first</varname>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>TCP Bandwidth Delay Product</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>TCP Bandwidth Delay Product Limiting</primary>
	  <secondary><varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</varname></secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>TCP Bandwidth Delay Product Limiting ÐÏÈÏÖÅ ÎÁ
	  TCP/Vegas × NetBSD.  ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
	  ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl
	  <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</varname> ×
	  <literal>1</literal>.  óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÕ
	  ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ É ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÏÂßÅÍ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×
	  ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ ÓÅÔÉ ÄÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÑ ÏÐÔÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ
	  ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>

	<para>üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÏÄÅÍÙ,
	  Gigabit Ethernet, ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ ×ÙÓÏËÏÓËÏÒÏÓÔÎÙÅ WAN ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ
	  (ÉÌÉ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ),
	  ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÏËÎÁ ÉÌÉ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ÏËÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ËÌÀÞÉÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ,
	  ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
	  <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.debug</varname> ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ×
	  <literal>0</literal> (ÏÔÌÁÄËÁ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÁ), Á ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×
	  ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÞÁÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
	  <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.min</varname> Ë ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÀ
	  ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ <literal>6144</literal>.  îÏ ÕÞÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
	  ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÆÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ
	  ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×ÉÄÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.  ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ
	  ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÅÔ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÅ É
	  ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØÀ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÁË É ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÅÔ ÏÂÝÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï
	  ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÈÏÓÔÁ.  ó ÍÅÎØÛÉÍ
	  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× × ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ Ä×ÕÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ
	  ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÎÁ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÌÉÎÉÑÈ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔØ
	  ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ.  îÏ ÉÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	  ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ (ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ / ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ).
	  ïÎÁ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ (ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ).</para>

	<para>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
	  <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.stab</varname>
	  <emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	  ÒÁ×ÅÎ 20, ÞÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ 2 ÐÁËÅÔÏ× Ë ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÀ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ
	  ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÏËÎÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÂÉÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ
	  ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÁ É ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ ÏÔ×ÅÔÎÏÊ ÒÅÁËÃÉÉ ÎÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÊ,
	  ÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÂÏÌØÛÅÍÕ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ping ÎÁ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÈ
	  (ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÁ ×ÓÅ ÖÅ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÍÅÎØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÂÅÚ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÁ inflight).
	  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÄÏ 15, 10 ÉÌÉ 5;
	  Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.min</varname>
	  (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÏ 3500) ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÖÅÌÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ.  õÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÅ
	  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÁË
	  ËÒÁÊÎÑÑ ÍÅÒÁ.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>÷ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ</title>

      <sect3>
	<title><varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname></title>

	<para>æÁÊÌÙ É ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ × ÑÄÒÅ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ vnode
	  (×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÕÚÌÏ×).  õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÉÈ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ
	  ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÕÀ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
	  ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÁÑ
	  ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÚËÉÍ ÍÅÓÔÏÍ, É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÓÞÅÒÐÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ
	  vnode, ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ.  ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ
	  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÃÅÎÉÔØ ÏÂßÅÍ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ É Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>

	<para>ôÅËÕÝÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ vnode ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÐÒÉ
	  ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

	<programlisting>&prompt.root; sysctl vfs.numvnodes
vfs.numvnodes: 91349</programlisting>

	<para>íÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï vnode, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ:</para>

	<programlisting>&prompt.root; sysctl kern.maxvnodes
kern.maxvnodes: 100000</programlisting>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ vnode ÂÌÉÚËÏ Ë ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍÕ,
	  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ
	  Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÎÁ 1000.  óÌÅÄÉÔÅ ÚÁ ÄÉÎÁÍÉËÏÊ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
	  <varname>vfs.numvnodes</varname>.  åÓÌÉ ÏÎÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ,
	  ÐÒÉÂÌÉÖÁÑÓØ Ë ×ÎÏ×Ø ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍÕ, ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ
	  ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÉÔØ.  éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ × ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÉ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÉÄÎÏ ×
	  ×Ù×ÏÄÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.top.1;: ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÐÅÒÅÊÄÅÔ × ÒÁÚÒÑÄ
	  ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="adding-swap-space">
    <title>õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ</title>

    <para>÷ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ, ÉÎÏÇÄÁ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÅÂÑ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÌÓÑ
      ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÅÇÏ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ.
      åÓÔØ ÔÒÉ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ: ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÊ
      ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË, ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÕ ÐÏ NFS, ÉÌÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
      ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÎÁ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ.</para>

    <para>úÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ËÒÉÐÔÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
      <xref linkend="swap-encrypting"/> ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>

    <sect2 id="new-drive-swap">
      <title>ðÏÄËÁÞËÁ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÏÍ ÖÅÓÔËÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ</title>

      <para>ìÕÞÛÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÕ, ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÅÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ × ÌÀÂÏÊ
	ÍÏÍÅÎÔ.  åÓÌÉ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÅÝÅ ÒÁÚ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Õ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ×
	<xref linkend="configtuning-initial"/> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á,
	ÇÄÅ ÒÁÓÓËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ï ÎÁÉÌÕÞÛÅÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÅ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
	ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="nfs-swap">
      <title>ðÏÄËÁÞËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS</title>

      <para>ðÏÄËÁÞËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ
	× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË; ÐÏÄËÁÞËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ
	ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ É Ë ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
	ÎÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ NFS ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="create-swapfile">
      <title>æÁÊÌÙ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ</title>

      <para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÅÇÏ ËÁË ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.  ÷ ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/usr/swap0</filename> ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ 64MB.  ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ×Ù
	ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÅ ÉÍÑ.</para>

      <example>
	<title>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ × &os;</title>

      <orderedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ
	    ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ (&man.md.4;).  ïÎ ÅÓÔØ × ÑÄÒÅ
	    <filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>

	  <programlisting>device   md   # Memory "disks"</programlisting>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ (<filename>/usr/swap0</filename>):</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64</userinput></screen>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ (<filename>/usr/swap0</filename>):</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 0600 /usr/swap0</userinput></screen>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>÷ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

	  <programlisting>swapfile="/usr/swap0"   # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired.</programlisting>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>

	  <para>ðÅÒÅÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÐÒÑÍÏ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ
	    ××ÅÄÉÔÅ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /usr/swap0 -u 0 &amp;&amp; swapon /dev/md0</userinput></screen>
	</listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      </example>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="acpi-overview">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Hiten</firstname>
	  <surname>Pandya</surname>
	  <contrib>îÁÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
	</author>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>õÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÅÍ É ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍÉ</title>

    <para>ïÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ.
      äÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÓÑ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>, ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
      ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ É ÔÅÍÐÅÒÁÔÕÒÎÙÍÉ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÁÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
      ÂÙÌÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÁÄÁÞÅÊ.  áÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÅ
      ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ ×ÉÄÏ× ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ
      <acronym>BIOS</acronym>, ÔÁËÉÍ ËÁË: <emphasis>Plug and Play BIOS
      (PNPBIOS)</emphasis>, <emphasis>Advanced Power Management
      (APM)</emphasis> É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.  õÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÅÍ É ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍÉ
      ÜÔÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
      îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
      ÓÌÅÄÉÌÁ ÚÁ ÔÅÍÐÅÒÁÔÕÒÎÙÍÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÁÌÁ
      ÐÒÉ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÒÏÓÔÅ ÔÅÍÐÅÒÁÔÕÒÙ.</para>

    <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os;, ÍÙ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÍ ÉÓÞÅÒÐÙ×ÁÀÝÕÀ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï <acronym>ACPI</acronym>.  ÷ ËÏÎÃÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÅÓÔØ ÓÓÙÌËÉ
      ÄÌÑ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÇÏ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ.</para>

    <sect2 id="acpi-intro">
      <title>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ACPI?</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>APM</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
	(<acronym>ACPI</acronym>) ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ, ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅÍ
	ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ× × ÃÅÌÑÈ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÄÌÑ
	ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× É ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÅÍ (ÏÔÓÀÄÁ É ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ).
	üÔÏ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÏÊ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔ <emphasis>Operating System-directed
	configuration and Power Management</emphasis>, Ô.Å.: ÏÎ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (<acronym>OS</acronym>) ÂÏÌØÛÅ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ É ÂÏÌÅÅ
	ÕÎÉ×ÅÒÓÁÌÅÎ.  óÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÙÛÌÉ ÚÁ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÙ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ
	ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ Plug and Play ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× ÄÏ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym>.  <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÜÔÏ ÐÒÑÍÏÊ
	ÎÁÓÌÅÄÎÉË <acronym>APM</acronym> (Advanced Power Management).</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="acpi-old-spec">
      <title>îÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÉ Advanced Power Management (APM)</title>

      <para>óÒÅÄÓÔ×Á <emphasis>Advanced Power Management (APM)</emphasis>
	ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÜÎÅÒÇÏÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ
	ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.  APM BIOS ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É
	ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ.  äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ APM
	× OS ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë <emphasis>APM Software Interface</emphasis>,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑÍÉ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ.</para>

      <para>÷ APM ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.  ÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
	ÜÎÅÒÇÏÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÊ ÏÔ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ
	BIOS, É OS ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔ ÎÅÍ.  ïÄÉÎ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ: ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
	ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ × APM BIOS,
	É ÜÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÉÓÔÅËÁÅÔ, BIOS ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË ÂÅÚ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	Ó OS.  ÷Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ, ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ APM ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎ × BIOS, É ×ÓÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ
	ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÔ ×ÎÅ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ OS.  üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ
	ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó APM BIOS ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÐÒÏÛÉ×ËÉ
	ÅÇÏ ROM; ÜÔÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÏÐÁÓÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ, É ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÁ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ
	ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ × ÎÅ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÍÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ.
	÷-ÔÒÅÔØÉÈ, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÉ APM ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ,
	ÞÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÄÕÂÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÓÉÌÉÊ É ÅÓÌÉ × BIOS ÏÄÎÏÇÏ
	ÉÚ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ× ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ É ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ, ÅÅ ÍÏÇÌÉ
	ÎÅ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÉ.  îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÏÂßÅÍ APM BIOS ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
	×ÅÌÉË ÄÌÑ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÉ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÅÍ, ÉÌÉ
	ÔÁËÏÊ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔÑÍ
	ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.</para>

      <para><emphasis>Plug and Play BIOS (PNPBIOS)</emphasis> ÂÙÌ ÎÅÕÄÏÂÅÎ
	×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ.  PNPBIOS ÜÔÏ 16-ÂÉÔÎÁÑ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÑ,
	ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ OS ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ 16-ÂÉÔÎÕÀ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÀ ÄÌÑ
	<quote>×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ</quote> Ó ÍÅÔÏÄÁÍÉ PNPBIOS.</para>

      <para>&os; ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <acronym>APM</acronym> ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ × ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
	ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.apm.4;.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="acpi-config">
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ <acronym>ACPI</acronym></title>

      <para>&man.loader.8; ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <filename>acpi.ko</filename> ÐÏ
	ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÅÇÏ <emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> ÎÁÄÏ ×ÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ × ÑÄÒÏ.
	ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ Ó ÍÏÄÕÌÑÍÉ ÐÒÏÝÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ
	ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ <filename>acpi.ko</filename> ÂÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÓÂÏÒËÉ ÑÄÒÁ.
	ðÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï × ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÉ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  äÒÕÇÁÑ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ
	ÚÁÐÕÓË <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÅ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÌÅÚÅÎ
	É ÐÒÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ËÒÁÈÕ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù
	ÓÏÍÎÅ×ÁÅÔÅÓØ,  ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÓÏ×ÓÅÍ.  äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÎÅ
	ÄÏÌÖÅÎ É ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÇÒÕÖÅÎ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÁÑ ÛÉÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
	ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.acpiconf.8;.  æÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
	ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ Ó <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
	×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ &man.acpiconf.8;.  ÷ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×
	×Ù×ÏÄÅ &man.dmesg.8; ÅÓÔØ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ Ï <acronym>ACPI</acronym>, ÏÎ ÓËÏÒÅÅ
	×ÓÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</para>

      <note><para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> É <acronym>APM</acronym> ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	ÓÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ É ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌØÎÏ.  ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ
	ÐÒÅÒ×ÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ
	ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ.</para></note>

      <para>÷ ÐÒÏÓÔÅÊÛÅÊ ÆÏÒÍÅ, <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÓÐÑÝÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.acpiconf.8;, Ó
	ÆÌÁÇÏÍ <option>-s</option> É ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <literal>1-5</literal>.
	âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Õ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>1</literal>.
	ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>5</literal> ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔ <quote>ÍÑÇËÏÅ</quote>
	ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>halt -p</userinput></screen>

      <para>äÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
	&man.acpiconf.8; ÚÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="ACPI-debug">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Nate</firstname>
	  <surname>Lawson</surname>
	  <contrib>îÁÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Peter</firstname>
	  <surname>Schultz</surname>
	  <contrib>ðÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ </contrib>
	</author>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ É ÏÔÌÁÄËÁ &os; <acronym>ACPI</acronym></title>

    <para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÜÔÏ ÆÕÎÄÁÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÏ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ
      ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÜÎÅÒÇÏÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÅÍ É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
      ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÏÍÕ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ,
      ÒÁÎÅÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑ×ÛÅÍÕÓÑ <acronym>BIOS</acronym>.  âÙÌ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔ
      ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÅÓÓ × ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÉÉ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
      Ë ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ, ÎÏ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
      × ÂÁÊÔËÏÄÅ <firstterm><acronym>ACPI</acronym> Machine
      Language</firstterm> (<acronym>AML</acronym>) ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÉÈ ÐÌÁÔ,
      ÎÅÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÙÅ ÕÞÁÓÔËÉ ËÏÄÁ × ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÑÄÒÁ &os; É ÏÛÉÂËÉ ×
      ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÅ &intel; <acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym>.</para>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÐÒÏÓÔÉÔØ ×ÁÛÅ
      ÓÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁÍ &os; <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ×
      ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÉ ÐÒÉÞÉÎ ÎÁÂÌÀÄÁÅÍÙÈ ×ÁÍÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÉ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ
      É ×ÙÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ.  óÐÁÓÉÂÏ ÚÁ ÐÏÍÏÝØ É ÎÁÄÅÅÍÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÓÍÏÖÅÍ
      ÐÏÍÏÞØ × ÒÅÛÅÎÉÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-submitdebug">
      <title>ïÔÐÒÁ×ËÁ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ</title>

      <note>
	<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÏÊ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ
	  Õ ×ÁÓ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ <acronym>BIOS</acronym>, É, ÅÓÌÉ
	  ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ, ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ firmware ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ
	  ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁ.</para>
      </note>

      <para>ôÅ ÉÚ ×ÁÓ, ËÔÏ ÖÅÌÁÅÔ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ ÐÒÑÍÏ
	ÓÅÊÞÁÓ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ
	<ulink url="mailto:freebsd-acpi@FreeBSD.org">
	freebsd-acpi@FreeBSD.org</ulink>, ÏÔÐÒÁ×É× ÎÁ ÎÅÇÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÔÉÐ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÍÏÄÅÌØ
	    É ×ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÀ ÏÛÉÂËÉ.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔÅ
	    ÎÁÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÏÞÎÏ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÁÓØ ÏÛÉÂËÁ,
	    ÅÓÌÉ ÒÁÎÅÅ ×Ù ÅÅ ÎÅ ×ÉÄÅÌÉ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>÷Ù×ÏÄ &man.dmesg.8; ÐÏÓÌÅ <quote>boot
	    <command>-v</command></quote>, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ, ÐÏÑ×É×ÛÉÅÓÑ
	    ÐÒÉ ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>÷Ù×ÏÄ &man.dmesg.8; ÐÏÓÌÅ <quote>boot
	    <command>-v</command></quote> Ó ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>,
	    ÅÓÌÉ ÅÇÏ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>÷Ù×ÏÄ <command>sysctl hw.acpi</command>.  üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÈÏÒÏÛÉÊ
	    ÓÐÏÓÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><acronym>URL</acronym> ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ×ÁÛ
	    <firstterm><acronym>ACPI</acronym> Source Language</firstterm>
	    (<acronym>ASL</acronym>).  <emphasis>îÅ</emphasis> ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÊÔÅ
	    <acronym>ASL</acronym> ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ × ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ,
	    ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÞÅÎØ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ.  ëÏÐÉÑ
	    <acronym>ASL</acronym> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>acpidump -t -d &gt; <replaceable>name</replaceable>-<replaceable>system</replaceable>.asl</userinput></screen>

	  <para>(úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ×ÁÛÉÍ ÌÏÇÉÎÏÍ
	    <filename>name</filename> É ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÍ/ÍÏÄÅÌØÀ
	    <filename>system</filename>.  ðÒÉÍÅÒ:
	    <filename>njl-FooCo6000.asl</filename>)</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× ÞÉÔÁÀÔ &a.current;,
	ÎÏ ÄÌÑ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ Õ×ÉÄÑÔ, ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÅÅ ×
	&a.acpi.name;.  âÕÄØÔÅ ÔÅÒÐÅÌÉ×Ù, ×ÓÅ ÍÙ ÚÁÎÑÔÙ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÊ ÄÅÎØ ÇÄÅ-ÔÏ
	ÅÝÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÌÉ ÓÒÁÚÕ, ÍÙ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
	ÐÏÐÒÏÓÉÍ ×ÁÓ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ <acronym>PR</acronym> (ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ)
	ÞÅÒÅÚ &man.send-pr.1;.  ðÒÉ ××ÏÄÅ <acronym>PR</acronym>,
	×ËÌÀÞÁÊÔÅ ÔÕ ÖÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ÞÔÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎÁ ×ÙÛÅ.  üÔÏ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÎÁÍ ÏÔÓÌÅÄÉÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ É ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÅÅ.  îÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÊÔÅ
	<acronym>PR</acronym> ÂÅÚ ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÉÓØÍÁ ×
	&a.acpi.name;, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ <acronym>PR</acronym> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
	ÎÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÊ Ï ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ, Á ÎÅ ËÁË ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ
	Ï ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ.  ÷ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ, Ï ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ ËÔÏ-ÔÏ ÕÖÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÌ
	ÒÁÎÅÅ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-background">
      <title>ïÂÝÉÅ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ
	ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÁÍ ia32 (x86),
	ia64 (Itanium) É amd64 (AMD).  ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
	×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, × ÔÏÍ ÞÉÓÌÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØÀ
	<acronym>CPU</acronym>, ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÍ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ, ÔÅÍÐÅÒÁÔÕÒÏÊ,
	ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ÁËËÕÍÕÌÑÔÏÒÏ×, ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÍÉ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁÍÉ
	É ÏÐÒÏÓÏÍ ÛÉÎÙ.  ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÎÅ
	ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	ÏÐÒÏÓ ÛÉÎÙ, Á ÐÏÒÔÁÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÙ ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ
	ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÏÈÌÁÖÄÅÎÉÅÍ É ÜÎÅÒÇÏÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÅÎÉÅÍ.  ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ
	ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ
	ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>

      <para><acronym>ACPI</acronym>-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÔ ÉÚ
	ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×.  ðÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÉ <acronym>BIOS</acronym>
	É ÞÉÐÓÅÔÏ× ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ,
	(ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <acronym>FADT</acronym>), ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔ
	ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ×ÒÏÄÅ ËÁÒÔÙ <acronym>APIC</acronym> (ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	<acronym>SMP</acronym>), ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ É ÐÒÏÓÔÙÅ
	ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ
	ÂÁÊÔËÏÄÁ (<firstterm>Differentiated System Description
	Table</firstterm>, <acronym>DSDT</acronym>), ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÝÁÑ ÄÒÅ×ÏÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÅ
	ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÉÍÅÎ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×.</para>

      <para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ
	ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒ ÄÌÑ ÂÁÊÔËÏÄÁ, ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É ÑÄÒÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÅÍÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÔ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym>.  äÌÑ &os; &intel; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌÁ
	ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒ (<acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym>), ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ
	Linux É NetBSD.  éÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ <acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym>
	ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	<filename class="directory">src/sys/contrib/dev/acpica</filename>.
	ëÏÄ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÉÑ <acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym> Ë ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ×
	&os;, ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <filename>src/sys/dev/acpica/Osd</filename>.
	îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÝÉÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
	ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
	<filename class="directory">src/sys/dev/acpica</filename>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-comprob">
      <title>þÁÓÔÏ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>äÌÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ×ÓÅ ÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
	ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.  ÷ÏÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, × ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ
	ÞÁÓÔÏÔÙ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÐÕÔÉ ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.</para>

       <sect3>
	<title>ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÍÙÛØÀ</title>

	<para>÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÐÒÉ ×ÏÚÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
	  ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÍÙÛØ.  éÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	  ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ <literal>hint.psm.0.flags="0x3000"</literal>
	  × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÌÏ,
	  ÓÔÏÉÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ/×ÏÚÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ</title>

	<para><acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×
	  <acronym>RAM</acronym> (<acronym>STR</acronym>),
	  <literal>S1</literal>-<literal>S3</literal>, É ÏÄÎÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ
	  ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË (<literal>STD</literal>), ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÅ
	  <literal>S4</literal>.  <literal>S5</literal> ÜÔÏ
	  <quote>ÍÑÇËÏÅ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ</quote> É ÜÔÏ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
	  ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÁ Ë ÓÅÔÉ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ.  <literal>S4</literal>
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÐÕÔÑÍÉ.
	  <literal>S4</literal><acronym>BIOS</acronym> ÜÔÏ
	  <acronym>BIOS</acronym>-ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË.
	  <literal>S4</literal><acronym>OS</acronym> ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
	  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.</para>

	<para>îÁÞÎÉÔÅ Ó ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ <command>sysctl
	  hw.acpi</command>,
	  ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÈÓÑ Ë ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ (suspend).
	  ÷ÏÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÄÌÑ Thinkpad:</para>

	<screen>hw.acpi.supported_sleep_state: S3 S4 S5
hw.acpi.s4bios: 0</screen>

	<para>üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <command>acpiconf
	  -s</command> ÄÌÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <literal>S3</literal>,
	  <literal>S4</literal><acronym>OS</acronym>, É
	  <literal>S5</literal>.  åÓÌÉ <option>s4bios</option> ÂÙÌ ÅÄÉÎÉÃÅÊ
	  (<literal>1</literal>), ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
	  <literal>S4</literal><acronym>BIOS</acronym> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
	  <literal>S4</literal><acronym>OS</acronym>.</para>

	<para>ðÒÉ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ/×ÏÚÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ, ÎÁÞÎÉÔÅ
	  Ó <literal>S1</literal>, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.
	  üÔÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ
	  ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ.  îÉËÔÏ ÎÅ
	  ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÌ <literal>S2</literal>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÈÏÖ ÎÁ
	  <literal>S1</literal>.  óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏ
	  <literal>S3</literal>.  üÔÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÌÕÂÏËÏÅ <acronym>STR</acronym>
	  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ, ÏÎÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ
	  ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÒÅÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.
	  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉËÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÈÏÄÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ,
	  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÉÓØÍÏ × ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÕ &a.acpi.name;, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÖÄÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
	  ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅÛÅÎÁ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
	  ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×/ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÕÖÄÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ × ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ
	  ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ É ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÅ.</para>

	<para>äÌÑ ÉÚÏÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÉÚ ÑÄÒÁ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×,
	  ÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ,
	  ËÁËÏÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×
	  ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÏÐÑÔØ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄÅÔ ÓÂÏÊ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ
	  ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <filename>nvidia.ko</filename>,
	  ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÄÉÓÐÌÅÑ X11 É
	  <acronym>USB</acronym> ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, Á ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ
	  Ethernet ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù
	  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ/×ÙÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ, Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÕÊÔÅ
	  ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉ× ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ×
	  <filename>/etc/rc.suspend</filename> É
	  <filename>/etc/rc.resume</filename>.  üÔÏ ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ
	  ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÉ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×.  ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>hw.acpi.reset_video</option>
	  × ÎÕÌØ (<literal>0</literal>), ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÄÉÓÐÌÅÊ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ
	  ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÏÚÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
	  ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.  ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
	  ÄÌÑ <option>hw.acpi.sleep_delay</option>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ,
	  ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ ÜÔÏ.</para>

	<para>äÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ, ÜÔÏ ÚÁÐÕÓË
	  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á Linux Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ
	  <acronym>ACPI</acronym> É ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
	  ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ/×ÏÚÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÁ ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ.
	  åÓÌÉ ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ Linux, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×
	  ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁÈ &os; É ÐÏÉÓË ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÝÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ,
	  ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÀ.  éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ
	  <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
	  ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ (Ú×ÕË, <acronym>ATA</acronym>, É Ô.Ð.), ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
	  ×ÓÅ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏ ÐÏÉÓËÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
	  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ × ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ &a.current.name; É ÞÅÌÏ×ÅËÕ,
	  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÅÍÕ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÅÛÉÔÅÓØ ÚÁÎÑÔØÓÑ
	  ÏÔÌÁÄËÏÊ, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ËÏÄ (&man.printf.3;)
	  × ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÇÄÅ
	  ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.</para>

	<para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> É
	  ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ <acronym>APM</acronym>.  åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ/×ÏÚÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
	  ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó <acronym>APM</acronym>, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ
	  <acronym>APM</acronym>, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÎÁ ÓÔÁÒÏÍ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (ÄÏ
	  2000).  ÷ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
	  ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁÍÉ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ É ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ × ÓÔÁÒÏÍ
	  ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ×
	  <acronym>BIOS</acronym> ÂÙÌÁ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÁ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ (×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ)</title>

	<para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÉ
	  ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ ÉÌÉ <quote>ÛÔÏÒÍÁ</quote> ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ.  ÷ ÞÉÐÓÅÔÁÈ
	  ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÔÅÍ, ËÁË
	  <acronym>BIOS</acronym> ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÏÊ,
	  ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÓÔØÀ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ <acronym>APIC</acronym>
	  (<acronym>MADT</acronym>), É ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ
	  <firstterm>System Control Interrupt</firstterm>
	  (<acronym>SCI</acronym>).</para>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>ÛÔÏÒÍ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ</primary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><quote>ûÔÏÒÍ</quote> ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎ ÐÏ
	  ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÎÙÍ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑÍ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÓÔÒÏËÉ Ó
	  <literal>acpi0</literal> ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>vmstat -i</command>.
	  åÓÌÉ ÓÞÅÔÞÉË Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ, ÞÅÍ
	  ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ × ÓÅËÕÎÄÕ, ÜÔÏ <quote>ÛÔÏÒÍ</quote> ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ.
	  åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÏÊÔÉ ×
	  <acronym>DDB</acronym>
	  (<keycombo action="simul"><keycap>CTRL</keycap>
	  <keycap>ALT</keycap><keycap>ESC</keycap></keycombo> ÎÁ
	  ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ) É ××ÅÓÔÉ <literal>show interrupts</literal>.</para>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>APIC</primary>
	  <secondary>ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑÍÉ,
	  ÜÔÏ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ <acronym>APIC</acronym> Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
	  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ <filename>loader.conf</filename>
	  <literal>hint.apic.0.disabled="1"</literal>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÁÎÉËÁ</title>

	<para>ðÁÎÉËÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ Ó <acronym>ACPI</acronym>, ÓÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ
	  ÒÅÄËÏ É ÉÍÅÅÔ ÎÁÉÂÏÌØÛÉÊ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.  ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÛÁÇ
	  ÜÔÏ ÉÚÏÌÑÃÉÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ, ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÝÉÈ Ë ÐÁÎÉËÅ (ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ)
	  É ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ.  óÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÀ
	  <literal>options DDB</literal> É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ
	  (ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <xref linkend="serialconsole-ddb"/>)
	  ÉÌÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ &man.dump.8;.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÕÀ
	  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ <acronym>DDB</acronym> Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <literal>tr</literal>.
	  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÅ ÏÔÌÁÄËÕ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÌÉ
	  ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ ÐÑÔØ (5) ÓÔÒÏË ÓÎÉÚÕ É ÐÑÔØ (5) ÓÔÒÏË Ó×ÅÒÈÕ.</para>

	<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÉÚÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ, ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉ×ÛÉÓØ Ó
	  ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	  ÉÚÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
	  ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ <option>debug.acpi.disable</option>.
	  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.acpi.4; ÚÁ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÍÉ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÉÌÉ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ
	  ÒÁÂÏÔÙ</title>

	<para>÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ × &man.loader.conf.5; ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	  <literal>hw.acpi.disable_on_poweroff="0"</literal>.
	  üÔÏ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÊ ×
	  <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.
	  ÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
	  × <literal>1</literal> (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ) ÐÏ ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ
	  ÒÅÛÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ
	  ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÉÌÉ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ</title>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÂÌÀÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
	  (ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ×ÎÅÛÎÉÍ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÅÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×,
	  É Ô.Ä.), ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ × ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ;
	  ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÎÅÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÙÍ
	  ÞÁÓÔÑÍ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	  ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁ ÉÈ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÀ.  âÕÄØÔÅ ÔÅÒÐÅÌÉ×Ù, É
	  ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅÓØ Ë ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ×ÁÍ
	  ×ÙÓÌÁÔØ.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-aslanddump">
      <title><acronym>ASL</acronym>, <command>acpidump</command>, É
	<acronym>IASL</acronym></title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>ASL</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ Ó ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
	ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁÍÉ <acronym>BIOS</acronym> ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÇÏ (ÉÌÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
	ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÏÇÏ!) ÂÁÊÔËÏÄÁ.  üÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
	ËÏÎÓÏÌØÎÙÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÑÄÒÁ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÜÔÏÍÕ:</para>

      <screen>ACPI-1287: *** Error: Method execution failed [\\_SB_.PCI0.LPC0.FIGD._STA] \\
       (Node 0xc3f6d160), AE_NOT_FOUND</screen>

      <para>úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
	<acronym>BIOS</acronym> ÄÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ÒÅ×ÉÚÉÉ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ËÏÎÓÏÌØÎÙÈ
	ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚ×ÒÅÄÎÙ, ÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË
	ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÊ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ ÂÁÔÁÒÅÉ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ×
	<acronym>AML</acronym>.  âÁÊÔËÏÄ, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ËÁË
	<acronym>AML</acronym>, ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÎÁ
	ÑÚÙËÅ <acronym>ASL</acronym>.  <acronym>AML</acronym> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
	× ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÊ ËÁË <acronym>DSDT</acronym>.  äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
	ËÏÐÉÉ <acronym>ASL</acronym>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ &man.acpidump.8;.
	÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÁ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ <option>-t</option>
	(ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÈ ÔÁÂÌÉÃ) É <option>-d</option>
	(ÄÉÚÁÓÓÅÍÂÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ <acronym>AML</acronym> × <acronym>ASL</acronym>).
	ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link linkend="ACPI-submitdebug">ïÔÐÒÁ×ËÁ
	ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ</link> ÚÁ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏÍ ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÁ.</para>

      <para>ðÒÏÓÔÅÊÛÁÑ ÐÅÒ×ÁÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÓÔÉ,
	ÜÔÏ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ <acronym>ASL</acronym> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÏÛÉÂÏË.
	ðÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ, ÎÏ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
	ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.
	äÌÑ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ <acronym>ASL</acronym>, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>iasl your.asl</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-fixasl">
      <title>éÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ <acronym>ASL</acronym></title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>ASL</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>÷ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊ ÐÅÒÓÐÅËÔÉ×Å, ÎÁÛÁ ÚÁÄÁÞÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÄÌÑ
	ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂÅÚ ×ÍÅÛÁÔÅÌØÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
	ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÍÙ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÍ ÏÂÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÐÕÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÀÔ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÉ <acronym>BIOS</acronym>.
	éÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒ &microsoft; (<filename>acpi.sys</filename> É
	<filename>acpiec.sys</filename>) ÎÅ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÏÊ
	ÞÅÔËÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÂÌÀÄÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÏ×, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÉ
	<acronym>BIOS</acronym>, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÀÝÉÅ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
	ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÄ &windows;, ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔ <acronym>ASL</acronym>.
	íÙ ÎÁÄÅÅÍÓÑ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÔØ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ É ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ
	ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÊ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÍÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÏÍ &microsoft;, É ×ÏÓÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØ
	ÉÈ, ÞÔÏÂÙ &os; ÍÏÇÌÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
	<acronym>ASL</acronym> ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ.  ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÏÂÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÕÔÉ
	ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ
	<acronym>ASL</acronym> ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ.  åÓÌÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ,
	ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ &man.diff.1; ÍÅÖÄÕ ÓÔÁÒÙÍ É ÎÏ×ÙÍ
	<acronym>ASL</acronym>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÍÙ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÈÏÄÎÏÊ
	ÐÕÔØ ÄÌÑ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ <acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym>,
	ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>÷ÏÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, ÉÈ ÐÒÉÞÉÎ É
	ÓÐÏÓÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ:</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>OS ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ</title>

	<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ <acronym>AML</acronym> ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÍÉÒ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ
	  ÉÚ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ &windows;.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ &os;, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	  ÏÎÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÌÁ ÌÀÂÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÉÍÑ <acronym>OS</acronym> É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ,
	  ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔ ÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÅÀÝÕÀÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ.  ðÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ
	  ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÜÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
	  <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>
	  <literal>hw.acpi.osname="Windows 2001"</literal>
	  ÉÌÉ × ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÉÍÅÀÝÅÅÓÑ ×
	  <acronym>ASL</acronym>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ïÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÁ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ</title>

	<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ÎÅ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÀÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ Ñ×ÎÏ, ËÁË ÔÏÇÏ
	  ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ.  èÏÔÑ <acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym> ÎÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ
	  ÜÔÕ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÀ, × &os; ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÏÂÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÕÔØ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÅÊ ÅÊ
	  Ñ×ÎÏ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ Ñ×ÎÙÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÏÒÙ
	  Return (×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔ) ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
	  ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÅÎÏ.  äÌÑ ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	  <acronym>ASL</acronym> ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>iasl</command>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
	  ÆÌÁÇ <option>-f</option>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>ðÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓØ <acronym>AML</acronym> ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</title>

	<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ <filename>your.asl</filename> ÄÌÑ
	  ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>iasl your.asl</userinput></screen>

	<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÆÌÁÇ <option>-f</option> ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
	  <acronym>AML</acronym> ÄÁÖÅ ÐÒÉ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÏÛÉÂÏË ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ.
	  ðÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÏÒÙ
	  Return), Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÂÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÏÍ.</para>

	<para>æÁÊÌ <filename>DSDT.aml</filename> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
	  <command>iasl</command> ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÅÇÏ
	  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÏÊ ËÏÐÉÉ <acronym>BIOS</acronym> (ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	  ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ) ÐÕÔÅÍ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	  <filename class="directory">/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>acpi_dsdt_load="YES"
acpi_dsdt_name="/boot/DSDT.aml"</programlisting>

	<para>õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ <filename>DSDT.aml</filename> ×
	  ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename class="directory">/boot</filename>.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-debugoutput">
      <title>ðÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym></title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ACPI</primary>
	<secondary>ÏÔÌÁÄËÁ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÏÞÅÎØ
	ÇÉÂËÉÅ.  ïÎÉ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ×ÁÍ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
	ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ.  ðÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÔÌÁÖÉ×ÁÔØ,
	ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ËÁË <quote>ÓÌÏÉ</quote>, É ÐÏÄÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ
	ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ <acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym> (ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS)
	É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> (ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS).
	õÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ×ÁÒØÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ ACPI_LV_ERROR (ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔØ ÏÂ
	ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ) ÄÏ ACPI_LV_VERBOSE (×ÓÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ).  õÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ
	ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÂÉÔÏ×ÕÀ ÍÁÓËÕ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
	ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁÍÉ.
	îÁ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÅ, ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ, ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÂÕÆÅÒ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ.  ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÓÌÏÅ×
	É ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.acpi.4;.</para>

      <para>÷Ù×ÏÄ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ.
	äÌÑ ÅÇÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<literal>options ACPI_DEBUG</literal> Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÅÓÌÉ
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym> ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎ × ÑÄÒÏ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<literal>ACPI_DEBUG=1</literal> × ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ÄÌÑ ÇÌÏÂÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
	ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØ
	<filename>acpi.ko</filename> , ÅÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÓÏÂÒÁÔØ
	ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÏ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /sys/modules/acpi/acpi
&amp;&amp; make clean &amp;&amp; make
ACPI_DEBUG=1</userinput></screen>

      <para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ <filename>acpi.ko</filename> ×
	<filename class="directory">/boot/kernel</filename> É ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
	ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÍÙÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ É ÓÌÏÊ Ë <filename>loader.conf</filename>.
	üÔÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÙÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×
	<acronym>ACPI-CA</acronym> É ×ÓÅÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	<acronym>ACPI</acronym> (<acronym>CPU</acronym>,
	<acronym>LID</acronym> É Ô.Ä.).  âÕÄÕÔ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
	Ï ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÎÁÉÍÅÎØÛÉÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ.</para>

      <programlisting>debug.acpi.layer="ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS"
debug.acpi.level="ACPI_LV_ERROR"</programlisting>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ
	ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑ (ÓËÁÖÅÍ, ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ), ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ <filename>loader.conf</filename> É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÓÌÏÑ É ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ <command>sysctl</command>
	ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ É ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ë ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÀ.
	éÍÅÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ <command>sysctl</command> ÔÅ ÖÅ, ÞÔÏ É ÉÍÅÎÁ
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ × <filename>loader.conf</filename>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ACPI-References">
      <title>óÓÙÌËÉ</title>

      <para>äÁÌØÎÅÊÛÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï <acronym>ACPI</acronym> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ
	ÐÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÓÓÙÌËÁÍ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>&a.acpi;</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>áÒÈÉ×Ù ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
	    <ulink url="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-acpi/"></ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>óÔÁÒÙÅ ÁÒÈÉ×Ù ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
	    <ulink url="http://home.jp.FreeBSD.org/mail-list/acpi-jp/"></ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>óÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ <acronym>ACPI</acronym> 2.0
	    <ulink url="http://acpi.info/spec.htm"></ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>óÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &os;: &man.acpi.4;,
	    &man.acpi.thermal.4;, &man.acpidump.8;, &man.iasl.8;,
	    &man.acpidb.8;</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink
	    url="http://www.cpqlinux.com/acpi-howto.html#fix_broken_dsdt">
	    òÅÓÕÒÓ ÐÏ ÏÔÌÁÄËÅ <acronym>DSDT</acronym></ulink>.
	    (éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ Compaq, ÎÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÅÎ.)</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
</chapter>