path: root/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml

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     The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project

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     Original revision: 1.25
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<chapter id="disks">
  <title>äÉÓËÉ</title>

  <sect1 id="disks-synopsis">
    <title>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ</title>

    <para>üÔÁ ÇÌÁ×Á ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ËÁË ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÈ, ÔÁË É
      ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ, × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
      FreeBSD.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="disks-bios-numbering">
    <title>îÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× × BIOS</title>

    <para>÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÚÕÞÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ É
      ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ
      ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×.</para>

    <para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ PC ÐÏÄ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ DOS ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÈ ÏÔ BIOS
      ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ (WINxxx), BIOS ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓËÒÙ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË
      ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×, É ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÅÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ.  üÔÏ
      ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ, ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÏÔ ÔÁË
      ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ <quote>ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÏÇÏ</quote>.	üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ
      ÔÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔ, ÞÔÏ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ É ÄÅÛÅ×ÙÍ
      ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÈ ËÏÐÉÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏËÕÐËÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÁ,
      ÉÄÅÎÔÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ, É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÙÈ ËÏÐÉÊ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ÎÁ
      ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ Ghost ÉÌÉ XCOPY.  ÷ ÔÁËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ
      ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÌÏÍÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÁÔÁËÅ ×ÉÒÕÓÁ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÒÔÉÔÓÑ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
      ÄÅÆÅËÔÁ × ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÌÅÇËÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
      ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ BIOS ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÏÍÅÎÑÔØ ÄÉÓËÉ ÍÅÓÔÁÍÉ.	üÔÏ ÐÏÈÏÖÅ ÎÁ
      ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ËÁÂÅÌÅÊ ÎÁ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÁÈ, ÎÏ ÂÅÚ ÒÁÚÂÏÒËÉ ËÏÒÐÕÓÁ.</para>

    <para>âÏÌÅÅ ÄÏÒÏÇÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁÍÉ SCSI ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ
      ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ BIOS, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË
      ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ ÓÅÍÉ ÄÉÓËÏ× SCSI.</para>

    <para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÉ×ÙË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ, ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÂÙÔØ ÕÄÉ×ÌÅÎ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏÍ ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ ÅÀ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó FreeBSD.
      FreeBSD ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ BIOS É ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔ Ï <quote>ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÏÍ
      ÐÅÒÅÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓËÏ× BIOS</quote>.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÞÅÎØ
      ÚÁÐÕÔÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÄÉÓËÉ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÞÎÙ ÐÏ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÍ
      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍ É Ë ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ Ñ×ÌÑÌÉÓØ ËÌÏÎÁÍÉ ÄÒÕÇ ÄÒÕÇÁ.</para>

    <para>ðÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó FreeBSD, ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÊÔÅ BIOS ÎÁ ÅÓÔÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ
      ÐÏÒÑÄÏË ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÄÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, É ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÕ
      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÎÑÔØ ÄÉÓËÉ ÍÅÓÔÁÍÉ, ÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ, ÎÏ
      ÓÁÍÙÍ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÑ ËÏÒÐÕÓ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ É ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÁÑ ËÁÂÅÌÉ É
      ÐÅÒÅÍÙÞËÉ.</para>

    <sidebar>
      <title>ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÉÚ õÄÉ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÒÉËÌÀÞÅÎÉÊ âÉÌÌÁ É æÒÅÄÁ:</title>

      <para>âÉÌÌ ÐÏÖÅÒÔ×Ï×ÁÌ ÓÔÁÒÅÎØËÉÍ Wintel-ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ ÐÏÄ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ FreeBSD
	ÄÌÑ æÒÅÄÁ.  âÉÌÌ ÚÁÄÁÌ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒ SCSI ËÁË ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
	SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÎÏÌØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌ ÎÁ ÎÅÇÏ FreeBSD.</para>

      <para>æÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÄÎÅÊ
	ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÌ, ÞÔÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ ÄÉÓË SCSI ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ Ï ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Å ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ
	ÏÛÉÂÏË, É ÓÏÏÂÝÉÌ Ï ÜÔÏÍ âÉÌÌÕ.</para>

      <para>óÐÕÓÔÑ ÅÝÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÎÅÊ âÉÌÌ, ÒÅÛÉ× ×ÙÄÅÌÉÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁ
	ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ×ÚÑÌ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË SCSI ÓÏ "ÓËÌÁÄÁ"
	×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÏ× × ËÌÁÄÏ×ËÅ.  ðÅÒ×ÉÞÎÏÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈÎÏÓÔÉ
	ÐÏËÁÚÁÌÏ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ âÉÌÌ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏÔ
	ÄÉÓË ËÁË ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ, É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÁ
	Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÎÏÌØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË Ó ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ.  ôÅÐÅÒØ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË
	ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÂÙÌ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ É ÎÁÞÁÌ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, âÉÌÌ ÒÅÛÁÅÔ,
	ÞÔÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÂÙ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÎ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ
	×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ × SCSI BIOS ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÄÌÑ
	ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ.  FreeBSD ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ
	É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ.</para>

      <para>æÒÅÄ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔ Ó×ÏÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÅÝÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÎÅÊ, É ×ÓËÏÒÅ âÉÌÌ É
	æÒÅÄ ÒÅÛÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉÛÌÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÙÔÁÎÉÑ -- ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ
	ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ FreeBSD.  âÉÌÌ ÕÂÒÁÌ ÄÉÓË SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÎÏÌØ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ
	ÏÎ ÂÙÌ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎ, É ÚÁÍÅÎÉÌ ÅÇÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÞÎÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÓÏ
	"ÓËÌÁÄÁ".  úÁÔÅÍ âÉÌÌ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ FreeBSD ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË
	SCSI Ó ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ ÎÏÌØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ×ÏÌÛÅÂÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ æÒÅÄÁ Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ
	FTP ÞÅÒÅÚ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÒÏÛÌÁ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ.</para>

      <para>æÒÅÄ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ FreeBSD ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÎÅÊ É
	ÒÅÛÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÁ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÉÎÖÅÎÅÒÎÏÍ
	ÏÔÄÅÌÅ...  ÓÁÍÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÀ ÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ.
	ôÁË ÞÔÏ æÒÅÄ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ (ÓÁÍÁÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ
	ËÏÐÉÑ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ FreeBSD).  æÒÅÄ Ó ÕÖÁÓÏÍ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
	ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÓÌÅÄÏ× ÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÎÅÔ.</para>

      <para>ëÕÄÁ ÖÅ ÉÓÞÅÚÌÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ?</para>

      <para>ëÏÇÄÁ âÉÌÌ ÄÅÌÁÌ ËÏÐÉÀ ÏÂÒÁÚÁ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÎÏÌØ ÎÁ
	ÄÉÓË SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ, ÄÉÓË ÎÏÍÅÒ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÓÔÁÌ "ÎÏ×ÙÍ ËÌÏÎÏÍ".	ëÏÇÄÁ
	âÉÌÌ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× × SCSI BIOS, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ
	Ó ÄÉÓËÁ SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ, ÏÎ ÏÂÍÁÎÕÌ ÜÔÉÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÓÅÂÑ.
	FreeBSD ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÌÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÎÏÌØ.  ÷ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ
	ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × BIOS ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÉÌÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ËÏÄÁ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÂÒÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ
	BIOS, ÎÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÄÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ÑÄÒÁ FreeBSD, ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÑ
	ÄÉÓËÏ× BIOS ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ, É FreeBSD ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ Ë ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ
	ÓÈÅÍÅ ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×.  ÷ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÌÁ
	ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÎÏÌØ, É ×ÓÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ æÒÅÄÁ
	ÏÓÔÁ×ÁÌÉÓØ ÚÄÅÓØ, Á ÎÅ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ.  ôÏÔ ÆÁËÔ,
	ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÁÓØ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ, ÂÙÌ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÏÂÍÁÎÏÍ
	ÞÅÌÏ×ÅÞÅÓËÉÈ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÊ.</para>

      <para>íÙ ÈÏÔÉÍ ÏÔÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÆÅÎÏÍÅÎÅ ÎÅ ÂÙÌ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎ ÉÌÉ
	ÕÔÅÒÑÎ ÎÉ ÏÄÉÎ ÂÁÊÔ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  óÔÁÒÙÊ ÄÉÓË SCSI ÎÏÍÅÒ ÎÏÌØ ÂÙÌ ÚÁÂÒÁÎ
	ÉÚ ÍÕÓÏÒËÉ É ×ÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ æÒÅÄÁ ÂÙÌÁ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ (É ÔÅÐÅÒØ âÉÌÌ
	ÚÎÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÕÍÅÅÔ ÓÞÉÔÁÔØ ÄÏ ÎÕÌÑ).</para>

      <para>èÏÔÑ × ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ ÄÉÓËÉ SCSI, ÏÂÝÁÑ ÉÄÅÑ
	ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÁ É ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× IDE.</para>
    </sidebar>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="disks-naming">
    <title>éÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×</title>

    <para>æÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉ ÄÉÓËÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ × Ä×ÕÈ ÒÁÚÎÏ×ÉÄÎÏÓÔÑÈ,
      <acronym>IDE</acronym> ÉÌÉ <acronym>SCSI</acronym>; ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÅÓÔØ ÄÉÓËÉ,
      ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ RAID-ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁÍÉ, ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅ ÓÏÂÏÊ
      ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÙ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.  ôÁË ËÁË ÔÁËÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÅÄÕÔ ÓÅÂÑ
      ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÁÞÅ, ÏÎÉ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ É ÉÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
      ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.</para>

    <table id="disk-naming-physical-table">
      <title>óÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÎÁÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×</title>

      <tgroup cols="2">
      <thead>
	<row>
	  <entry>ôÉÐ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á</entry>
	  <entry>éÍÑ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ</entry>
	</row>
      </thead>

      <tbody>
	<row>
	  <entry>äÉÓËÉ IDE</entry>
	  <entry><literal>ad</literal> × 4.0-RELEASE,
	    <literal>wd</literal> ÄÏ 4.0-RELEASE.</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry>ðÒÉ×ÏÄÙ IDE CDROM</entry>
	  <entry><literal>acd</literal>, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 3.1-RELEASE,
	    <literal>wcd</literal> ÄÏ 4.0-RELEASE.</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry>äÉÓËÉ SCSI</entry>
	  <entry><literal>da</literal>, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 3.0-RELEASE,
	    <literal>sd</literal> ÄÏ 3.0-RELEASE.</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry>ðÒÉ×ÏÄÙ SCSI CDROM</entry>
	  <entry><literal>cd</literal></entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry>òÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÙ CDROM</entry>
	  <entry><literal>mcd</literal> ÄÌÑ Mitsumi CD-ROM,
	    <literal>scd</literal> ÄÌÑ Sony CD-ROM,
	    <literal>matcd</literal> ÄÌÑ Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM
	  </entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry>äÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÙ</entry>
	  <entry><literal>fd</literal></entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry>ìÅÎÔÏÞÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á SCSI</entry>
	  <entry><literal>sa</literal>, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 3.0-RELEASE,
	    <literal>st</literal> ÄÏ 3.0-RELEASE.</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry>ìÅÎÔÏÞÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á IDE</entry>
	  <entry><literal>ast</literal>, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 4.0-RELEASE,
	    <literal>wst</literal> ÄÏ 4.0-RELEASE.</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry>æÌÜÛ-ÄÉÓËÉ</entry>
	  <entry><literal>fla</literal> ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÆÌÜÛ-ÐÁÍÑÔÉ DiskOnChip,
	    ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 3.3-RELEASE.</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry>äÉÓËÉ RAID</entry>
	  <entry><literal>myxd</literal> ÄÌÑ Mylex É <literal>amrd</literal>
	    ÄÌÑ AMI MegaRAID, <literal>idad</literal> ÄÌÑ Compaq Smart RAID,
	    ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 4.0-RELEASE.  <literal>id</literal> ÏÔ 3.2-RELEASE ÄÏ
	    4.0-RELEASE.</entry>
	</row>
      </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </table>

    <sect2>
      <title>óÌÁÊÓÙ É ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ</title>

      <para>æÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÒÁÚÂÉÔÙ ÎÁ <firstterm>ÓÌÁÊÓÙ</firstterm>,
	ËÒÏÍÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ×, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÌÅÎÙ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ <quote>dangerously
	dedicated</quote>.  îÏÍÅÒ ÓÌÁÊÓÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÚÁ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á É
	ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÕË×ÏÊ <literal>s</literal>:
	<quote>da0<emphasis>s1</emphasis></quote>.</para>

      <para>óÌÁÊÓÙ, ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ
	<quote>dangerously dedicated</quote>, É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ
	<firstterm>ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ</firstterm>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÂÕË×ÁÍÉ ÏÔ
	<literal>a</literal> ÄÏ <literal>h</literal>.  âÕË×Á
	<literal>b</literal> ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, Á
	<literal>c</literal> ÄÌÑ ÏÓÏÂÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ, ÒÁ×ÎÏÇÏ ÐÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÕ
	ÐÏÌÎÏÍÕ ÓÌÁÊÓÕ ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓËÕ.  üÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × <xref
	linkend="disks-adding" />.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="disks-mounting">
    <title>íÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ É ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</title>

    <para>æÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ËÁË ÄÅÒÅ×Ï, ËÏÒÅÎØ
      ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ, ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <filename>/</filename>.
      <filename>/dev</filename>, <filename>/usr</filename> É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ
      × ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×ÅÔËÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ
      ×ÅÔ×É, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË <filename>/usr/local</filename> É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>

    <para>åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× ×
      ÒÁÚÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.  <filename>/var</filename> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
      ÖÕÒÎÁÌÙ, ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ É ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
      ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ÄÏ ÏÔËÁÚÁ.  úÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
      ÎÅÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÏÔÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ <filename>/var</filename> ÏÔ
      <filename>/</filename> ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ.</para>

    <para>äÒÕÇÉÍ ÏÂÝÉÍ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÉ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÄÅÒÅ×ØÅ×
      ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× × ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÈ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ
      ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÁÈ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ,
      ËÁË ÔÏÞËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <link linkend="nfs">ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</link> ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ CDROM.</para>

    <sect2 id="disks-fstab">
      <title>æÁÊÌ fstab</title>

      <para>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ <link linkend="boot">ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ</link> ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÅ × <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ
	Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ (ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÎÉÈ ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÆÌÁÇ
	<option>noauto</option>).</para>

      <para>æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏË ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ
	ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ:</para>

      <programlisting>
<replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>/mount-point</replaceable> <replaceable>fstype</replaceable>	  <replaceable>options</replaceable>	  <replaceable>dumpfreq</replaceable>	  <replaceable>passno</replaceable>
      </programlisting>

      <para><literal>device</literal> Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á (ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ
	ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ) ×ÉÄÁ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÛÅ × ÇÌÁ×Å Ï <link
	linkend="disks-naming">ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑÈ ÐÏ ÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÀ
	ÄÉÓËÏ×</link>.</para>

      <para><literal>mount-point</literal> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏÍ (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
	ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ), × ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.</para>

      <para><literal>fstype</literal> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÉÐÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ
	ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ × &man.mount.8;.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï FreeBSD ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
	ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÉÐ <literal>ufs</literal>.</para>

      <para>÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× <literal>options</literal> ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	<option>rw</option> ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ ÐÏ ÞÔÅÎÉÀ-ÚÁÐÉÓÉ,
	ÉÌÉ <option>ro</option> ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
	ÞÔÅÎÉÑ, ÚÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÍÏÇÕÝÉÈ
	ÂÙÔØ ÎÕÖÎÙÍÉ.  þÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÃÉÑ
	<option>noauto</option> ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
	ÎÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.  äÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÁ
	ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ &man.mount.8;.</para>

      <para><literal>dumpfreq</literal> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÎÅÊ ÄÌÑ
	ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÁÒÈÉ×ÎÏÊ ËÏÐÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Á
	<literal>passno</literal> ÚÁÄÁÅÔ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÁ, ÐÒÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="disks-mount">
      <title>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ mount</title>

      <para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.mount.8; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÄÌÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</para>

      <para>÷ ÅÅ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÅ ÏÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁË:</para>

      <informalexample>
	<screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount <replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>mountpoint</replaceable></userinput>
	</screen>
      </informalexample>

      <para>ëÁË ÏÔÍÅÞÅÎÏ ÎÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.mount.8;, ÏÎÁ
	ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÁÓÓÕ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ:</para>

      <variablelist>
	<title>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ mount</title>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><option>-a</option></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>óÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÅ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	      <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, Ó ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑÍÉ ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÕ
	      <option>-t</option>, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÚÁÄÁÎ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><option>-d</option></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>óÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÓÅ, ËÒÏÍÅ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><option>-f</option></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ðÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><option>-r</option></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>óÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
	      ÞÔÅÎÉÑ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><option>-t</option>
	    <replaceable>fstype</replaceable></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>óÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ
	      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ, ÉÌÉ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ÚÁÄÁÎ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	      <option>-a</option>.</para>

	    <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÉÐ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	      <quote>ufs</quote>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><option>-u</option></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ïÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><option>-v</option></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>÷ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><option>-w</option></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>óÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ËÁË ÄÌÑ
	      ÞÔÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁË É ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>
      </variablelist>

      <para>ïÐÃÉÑ <option>-o</option> ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÑÔÙÍÉ
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

      <variablelist>
	<varlistentry>
	  <term>nodev</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>îÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.
	      ïÐÃÉÑ, ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁÑ Ó ÔÏÞËÉ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>noexec</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>úÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁ ÜÔÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.	ïÐÃÉÑ, ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁÑ Ó ÔÏÞËÉ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ
	      ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>nosuid</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>îÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÆÌÁÇÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Ó
	      ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÉÈ ×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÅ× É ÇÒÕÐÐ × ÜÔÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.
	      ïÐÃÉÑ, ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁÑ Ó ÔÏÞËÉ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="disks-umount">
      <title>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ umount</title>

      <para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ umount ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÌÉÂÏ ÔÏÞËÕ
	ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÌÉÂÏ ÉÍÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÌÉÂÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ <option>-a</option>
	ÉÌÉ <option>-A</option>.</para>

      <para>÷ÓÅ ÆÏÒÍÙ ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-f</option> ÄÌÑ
	ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É <option>-v</option> ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ
	ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÇÏ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ.</para>

      <para>æÌÁÇÉ <option>-a</option> É <option>-A</option> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ Ó
	ÕÞÅÔÏÍ ÔÉÐÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅ
	<option>-t</option>.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÏÐÃÉÉ
	<option>-A</option> ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÐÙÔËÁ ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	ËÏÒÎÅ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="disks-adding">
    <title>äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×</title>

    <para><emphasis>éÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ &a.obrien; 26 ÁÐÒÅÌÑ
      1998 ÇÏÄÁ</emphasis></para>

    <para>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÈÏÔÉÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË SCSI ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ,
      ÉÍÅÀÝÕÀ × ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÄÉÓË.  óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ É
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÍ ÄÉÓË × ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍ Ë ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ,
      ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÕ É ÏÔ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ ÄÉÓËÁ.  éÚ-ÚÁ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÉÑ
      ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒ ÉÈ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÉÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÉÔ ÚÁ ÒÁÍËÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ..</para>

    <para>÷ÏÊÄÉÔÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>root</username>.
      ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓË, ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
      <filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</filename>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÎÏ×ÙÊ
      ÄÉÓË ÂÙÌ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ.	ðÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÑ ÎÁÛ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË
      ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ <filename>da1</filename> É ÍÙ ÈÏÔÉÍ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ
      × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/1</filename> (ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÄÉÓË IDE, ÏÎ
      ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ <filename>wd1</filename> × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ
      4.0, É <filename>ad1</filename> × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÉÓÔÅÍ 4.X).</para>

    <para>ôÁË ËÁË FreeBSD ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ IBM-PC ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ, ÏÎÁ
      ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ×Ï ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ PC BIOS.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ
      ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× BSD.  äÉÓË PC ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÏ ÞÅÔÙÒÅÈ
      ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× BIOS.  åÓÌÉ ÄÉÓË ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
      ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÏÄ FreeBSD, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ
      <emphasis>dedicated</emphasis>.  ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ FreeBSD ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÉÚ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× PC BIOS.  ÷Ï FreeBSD ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ PC BIOS
      ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <emphasis>ÓÌÁÊÓÁÍÉ</emphasis>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ÐÕÔÁÔØ ÉÈ Ó
      ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ BSD.  ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÌÁÊÓÙ É Ó
      ÄÉÓËÏÍ, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÍ ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ
      × ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.
      üÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÐÕÔÁÎÉÃÙ Ó ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
      <command>fdisk</command> ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    <para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÌÁÊÓÏ× ÄÉÓË ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ËÁË
      <filename>/dev/da1s1e</filename>.  üÔÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ
      ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ: ÄÉÓË SCSI, ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÎÏÍÅÒ 1 (×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÄÉÓË SCSI), ÓÌÁÊÓ 1
      (ÒÁÚÄÅÌ PC BIOS 1), É ÒÁÚÄÅÌ BSD <filename>e</filename>.	÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÄÉÓË ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ËÁË
      <filename>/dev/da1e</filename>.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ sysinstall</title>

      <para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÅ ÍÅÎÀ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ
	<command>/stand/sysinstall</command> ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ É
	ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.	÷ÏÊÄÉÔÅ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
	<username>root</username> ÉÌÉ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
	<command>su</command>.	úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	<command>/stand/sysinstall</command> É ×ÏÊÄÉÔÅ × ÍÅÎÀ
	<literal>Configure</literal>.  ÷ÎÕÔÒÉ <literal>FreeBSD Configuration
	Menu</literal>, ÐÒÏÌÉÓÔÁÊÔÅ É ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÐÕÎËÔ
	<literal>Partition</literal>.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÄÁÎ ÓÐÉÓÏË
	ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ × ÓÐÉÓËÅ
	<literal>da1</literal>, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÅ
	ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ×Ù×ÏÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>dmesg</command> ×
	ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</filename>.</para>

      <para>÷ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ <literal>da1</literal>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÊÔÉ × <literal>òÅÄÁËÔÏÒ
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× FDISK</literal>.  ÷ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ <literal>A</literal> ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
	ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÄ FreeBSD ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÚÁÄÁÎ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÌÉ ×Ù <quote>ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó
	ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ</quote>,
	ÏÔ×ÅÔØÔÅ <literal>YES</literal>.  úÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË ÐÒÉ
	ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>W</command>.  á ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×ÙÊÄÉÔÅ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ
	FDISK ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>q</command>.	÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÁÍ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÄÁÎ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ Ï ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.  ôÁË ËÁË ×Ù
	ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÄÉÓË Ë ÕÖÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ
	<literal>None</literal>.</para>

      <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÏÊÄÉÔÅ × ÍÅÎÀ <literal>Disk Label Editor</literal>.
	úÄÅÓØ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÄÉÔÅ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ BSD.  îÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
	ÄÏ ×ÏÓØÍÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈ ÍÅÔËÉ a-h.	îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÔÏË ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×
	ÉÍÅÀÔ ÏÓÏÂÙÊ ÓÍÙÓÌ.  òÁÚÄÅÌ <literal>a</literal> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ (<filename>/</filename>).	ðÏ ÜÔÏÊ
	ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÔÏÔ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ
	ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ), ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <literal>a</literal>.
	òÁÚÄÅÌ <literal>b</literal> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, É ×Ù
	ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÍÅÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÏ× Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.  òÁÚÄÅÌ
	<literal>c</literal> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÄÉÓËÕ ×
	ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÜËÓËÌÀÚÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÓÌÁÊÓÕ FreeBSD ÐÒÉ
	ÒÁÂÏÔÅ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÓÌÁÊÓÏ×.  ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÉÍÅÀÔ
	ÏÂÙÞÎÏÅ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ.</para>

      <para>òÅÄÁËÔÏÒ ÍÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ sysinstall ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
	<literal>e</literal> ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ É ÎÅ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
	ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.  ÷ÎÕÔÒÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÍÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>C</command>.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÄÁÎ
	×ÏÐÒÏÓ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ (FS) ÉÌÉ
	ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ <literal>FS</literal> É ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ
	ÔÏÞËÕ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <filename>/mnt</filename>).  ðÒÉ
	ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ sysinstall ÎÅ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÔÏÞËÁ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÅ ÔÁË ÕÖ
	É ×ÁÖÎÁ.</para>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÇÏÔÏ×Ù ÚÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÍÅÔËÕ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË É ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÅÍ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  óÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ, ÎÁÖÁ× ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ <command>W</command>.
	ðÒÏÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÏÔ sysinstall Ï ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ.  ðÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ×ÙÊÄÉÔÅ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÍÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ É ÉÚ
	ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ sysinstall.</para>

      <para>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÛÁÇ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> É ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ
	ÄÉÓËÁ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ</title>

      <sect3>
	<title>òÁÂÏÔÁ ÓÏ ÓÌÁÊÓÁÍÉ</title>

        <para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÄÉÓËÕ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó
          ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÁ
          ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, É ÎÅ ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÁ Ó ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁÍÉ fdisk ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
          ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.  üÔÏÔ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ
          ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <literal>×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ</literal>
          ÒÅÖÉÍ ÅÓÌÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÙ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ!</para>

        <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda1 bs=1k count=1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>fdisk -BI da1</userinput> # éÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÕÅÍ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË.
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -B -w -r da1s1 auto</userinput> # òÁÚÍÅÞÁÅÍ ÅÇÏ.
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e da1s1</userinput> # ôÅÐÅÒØ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÕÀ ÍÅÔËÕ ÄÉÓËÁ É ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ.
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir -p /1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/da1s1e</userinput> # ðÏ×ÔÏÒÑÅÍ ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×.
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t ufs /dev/da1s1e /1</userinput> # íÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ(Ù)
&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /etc/fstab</userinput> # ÷ ËÏÎÃÅ ËÏÎÃÏ× ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ/ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.
        </screen>

        <para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÄÉÓË IDE, ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ
          <filename>ad</filename> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <filename>da</filename>.  îÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ
          ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÒÁÎÅÅ 4.x ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <filename>wd</filename>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>÷ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ</title>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
	  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ
	  <literal>ÜËÓËÌÀÚÉ×ÎÏÇÏ</literal> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  ïÔÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ
	  ÒÅÖÉÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ××ÅÓÔÉ × ÚÁÂÌÕÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÏÔ Microsoft;
	  ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÕÛÁÔ.  á ×ÏÔ OS/2 ÏÔ ÆÉÒÍÙ IBM ÂÕÄÅÔ
	  <quote>ÚÁÂÉÒÁÔØ ÓÅÂÅ</quote> ÌÀÂÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÎÁ ÎÁÊÄÅÔ É ÎÅ
	  ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÔØ.</para>

	<screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda1 bs=1k count=1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -Brw da1 auto</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e da1</userinput>				# create the `e' partition
&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -d0 /dev/rda1e</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir -p /1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /etc/fstab</userinput>				# add an entry for /dev/da1e
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /1</userinput>
	</screen>

	<para>áÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ:</para>

	<screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda1 count=2</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel /dev/rda1 | disklabel -BrR da1 /dev/stdin</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/rda1e</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir -p /1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /etc/fstab</userinput>					# add an entry for /dev/da1e
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /1</userinput>
	</screen>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="disks-virtual">
    <title>÷ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ: ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ, ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ É ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å
      ÆÁÊÌÏ×
    Network, Memory, and File-Based Filesystems</title>

    <para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ × ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ;
      ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÉ, ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÙ É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ, FreeBSD ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ É
      ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÄÉÓËÏ× - <firstterm>×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ</firstterm>.</para>

    <para>óÀÄÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÎÅÓÅÎÙ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË
      <link linkend="nfs">Network Filesystem</link> É Coda, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË <link
      linkend="disks-md">md</link> É ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÅ × ÆÁÊÌÅ Ó
      ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <link linkend="disks-vnconfig">vnconfig</link>.</para>

    <sect2 id="disks-vnconfig">
      <title>vnconfig: ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ × ÆÁÊÌÅ</title>

      <para>&man.vnconfig.8; ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÅÔ É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ
	ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× vnode.
	<firstterm>vnode</firstterm> ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ É ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÚÁ
	ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏÍ.  üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ &man.vnconfig.8; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ
	ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ É ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.  ïÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ
	ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÏ× ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÉÌÉ
	ÏÂÒÁÚÏ× ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÓÂÒÏÛÅÎÎÙÈ × ÆÁÊÌÙ.</para>

      <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:</para>

      <example>
	<title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ vnconfig ÄÌÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÀÝÅÇÏÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÚÁ
	  ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</title>

	<screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>vnconfig vn<replaceable>0</replaceable> <replaceable>diskimage</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/vn<replaceable>0</replaceable>c <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
	</screen>
      </example>

      <para>äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÏÂÒÁÚÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
	vnconfig:</para>

      <example>
	<title>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ × ÆÁÊÌÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ vnconfig</title>

	<screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=<replaceable>newimage</replaceable> bs=1k count=<replaceable>5</replaceable>k</userinput>
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
&prompt.root; <userinput>vnconfig -s labels -c vn<replaceable>0</replaceable> <replaceable>newimage</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -r -w vn<replaceable>0</replaceable> auto</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs vn<replaceable>0</replaceable>c</userinput>
Warning: 2048 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated
/dev/rvn0c:	10240 sectors in 3 cylinders of 1 tracks, 4096 sectors
	5.0MB in 1 cyl groups (16 c/g, 32.00MB/g, 1280 i/g)
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
 32
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/vn<replaceable>0</replaceable>c <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>df <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
Filesystem  1K-blocks	  Used	  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/vn0c	 4927	     1	   4532     0%	  /mnt
	</screen>
      </example>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="disks-md">
      <title>md: æÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ</title>

      <para>md ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ É ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ×
	ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>

      <para>ðÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×Ù ÐÒÉÇÏÔÏ×ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉ
	ÐÏÍÏÝÉ, ÓËÁÖÅÍ, &man.vnconfig.8; É:</para>

      <example>
	<title>äÉÓË md × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ</title>

	<screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=<replaceable>newimage</replaceable> of=/dev/md<replaceable>0</replaceable></userinput>
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/md<replaceable>0c</replaceable> <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>df <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput>
Filesystem  1K-blocks	  Used	  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md0c	 4927	     1	   4532     0%	  /mnt</screen>
      </example>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="quotas">
    <title>ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á</title>

    <para>ë×ÏÔÙ - ÜÔÏ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
      ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÂßÅÍ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á É/ÉÌÉ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï
      ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÌÑ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÌÉ ÞÌÅÎÏ× ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ
      × ÒÁÍËÁÈ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.	þÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ
      ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÉÌÉ
      ÇÒÕÐÐÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÎÅ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ
      ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ Ë×ÏÔ</title>

      <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÐÏÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
	ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ Ë×ÏÔÙ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÑÄÒÅ.  üÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ:</para>

      <programlisting>
options QUOTA
      </programlisting>

      <para>÷ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÍ ÑÄÒÅ <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÜÔÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ Ë×ÏÔ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ, ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ.
	ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link
	linkend="kernelconfig">îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÑÄÒÁ FreeBSD</link> ÚÁ
	ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>

      <para>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ× × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  üÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÔÁËÏÊ
	ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ:</para>

      <programlisting>
enable_quotas=<quote>YES</quote>
      </programlisting>

      <para>äÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÎÁÄ ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ
	ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ
	ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØ Ë×ÏÔ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
	<command>quotacheck</command>.	ðÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
	<command>quotacheck</command> ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÞÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	× ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ë×ÏÔ ÄÁÎÎÙÍ × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  üÔÏ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÄÏÌÇÉÊ
	ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÞÔÏ ÏÔÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ
	ÚÁÈÏÞÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÁÑ
	ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ:</para>

      <programlisting>
check_quotas=<quote>NO</quote>
      </programlisting>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ Ó FreeBSD ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÄÏ 3.2-RELEASE, ÔÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ
	ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÝÅ, É ÏÎÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÉÚ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ.  úÁÄÁÊÔÅ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>
check_quotas=<quote>YES</quote>
      </programlisting>

      <para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ Ë×ÏÔ ÎÁ
	ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.  üÔÏ ÔÏ ÍÅÓÔÏ, ÇÄÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ Ë×ÏÔÙ
	ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÄÌÑ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÉÈ ÜÔÉÈ ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ
	×ÁÛÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ Ë×ÏÔ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
	ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>userquota</literal> × ÐÏÌÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

      <programlisting>
/dev/da1s2g   /home    ufs rw,userquota 1 2
      </programlisting>

      <para>ðÏÄÏÂÎÙÍ ÖÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÇÒÕÐÐ,
	×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <literal>groupquota</literal> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
	ËÌÀÞÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÌÏ×Á <literal>userquota</literal>.  þÔÏÂÙ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ
	Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÁË ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÔÁË É ÄÌÑ ÇÒÕÐÐ, ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ
	ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>

      <programlisting>
/dev/da1s2g    /home	ufs rw,userquota,groupquota 1 2
      </programlisting>

      <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÙ Ë×ÏÔ ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ × ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ <filename>quota.user</filename> É
	<filename>quota.group</filename> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ
	É ÇÒÕÐÐÏ×ÙÈ Ë×ÏÔ.  äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>man fstab</command>.  èÏÔÑ ÜÔÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
	ÕÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Ó
	Ë×ÏÔÁÍÉ, ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ
	ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó Ë×ÏÔÁÍÉ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÔÁËÏÊ
	ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ.</para>

      <para>îÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ.
	óËÒÉÐÔ <filename>/etc/rc</filename> Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔ
	ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ Ë×ÏÔ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÌÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
	ÎÅÔ ÎÕÖÄÙ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Ë×ÏÔ ÎÕÌÅ×ÏÊ ÄÌÉÎÙ.</para>

      <para>ðÒÉ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ
	ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ <command>quotacheck</command>, <command>quotaon</command>
	ÉÌÉ <command>quotaoff</command>.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÈÏÔÑ ÂÙ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ
	ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÉÈ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÍÉ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ë×ÏÔ</title>

      <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÌÉ ×ÁÛÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ë×ÏÔ,
	ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÂÙÌÉ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÙ.  ðÒÏÓÔÙÍ
	ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

      <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>quota -v</userinput>
      </screen>

      <para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÏÄÎÏÓÔÒÏÞÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ÏÔÒÁÖÁÀÝÕÀ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ É ÔÅËÕÝÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.</para>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÇÏÔÏ×Ù ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>edquota</command>.</para>

      <para>õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏ× ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ × ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ
	ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÏÂßÅÍÕ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÔØ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÉÌÉ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Õ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÎÉ
	ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ.	÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å
	ÏÂßÅÍÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á (Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÌÏËÏ×), ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á
	ÆÁÊÌÏ× (Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ inode) ÉÌÉ ÉÈ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ.	ëÁÖÄÏÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ
	ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, × Ó×ÏÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ, ÄÅÌÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ Ä×Å ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÉ; ÍÑÇËÉÅ É
	ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ.</para>

      <para>öÅÓÔËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÅÎÏ.  ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÄÏÓÔÉÇ Ó×ÏÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÅÍÕ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÙÄÅÌÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÖÅÓÔËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ × 500 ÂÌÏËÏ× ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ É × ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ 490 ÂÌÏËÏ×, ÔÏ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÅÝÅ 10 ÂÌÏËÏ×.  ðÏÐÙÔËÁ
	ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÅÝÅ 11 ÂÌÏËÏ× ÏËÏÎÞÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏ.</para>

      <para>ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ÍÑÇËÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÅÎÙ ×
	ÔÅÞÅÎÉÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÉÏÄÁ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÅÒÉÏÄ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ
	ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÐÅÒÉÏÄÏÍ ÏÔÓÒÏÞËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁ×ÅÎ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÎÅÄÅÌÅ.
	åÓÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÅÔ Ó×ÏÅ ÍÑÇËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÉ ÐÅÒÉÏÄÁ
	×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÅÇÏ ÏÔÓÒÏÞËÕ, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÍÑÇËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ
	ÖÅÓÔËÉÍ É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎÏ.  ëÏÇÄÁ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ×ÅÒÎÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ Ë ÏÔÍÅÔËÅ, ÍÅÎØÛÅÊ, ÞÅÍ ÍÑÇËÏÅ
	ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ, ÔÏ ÐÅÒÉÏÄ ÏÔÓÒÏÞËÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÂÒÏÛÅÎ.</para>

      <para>äÁÌÅÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÌÀÄÁÔØ ÐÒÉ
	ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>edquota</command>.  ëÏÇÄÁ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
	<command>edquota</command>, ×Ù ÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÅÓØ × ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ, ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ
	ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <envar>EDITOR</envar>, ÉÌÉ ×
	ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ <command>vi</command>, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
	<envar>EDITOR</envar> ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÎÁ, É ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Ë×ÏÔÙ.</para>

      <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -u test</userinput>
      </screen>

      <programlisting>
Quotas for user test:
/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
	inodes in use: 7, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)
/usr/var: blocks in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
	inodes in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)
      </programlisting>

      <para>äÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,
	×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ.  ÷ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ
	ÎÁ ÂÌÏËÉ, Á × ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÎÁ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï inode.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ
	ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÂÌÏËÏ× ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ Ó ÍÑÇËÏÇÏ
	ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ × 50 É ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ × 75, ÎÁ ÍÑÇËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ
	× 500 É ÖÅÓÔËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ × 600, ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ:</para>

      <programlisting>
/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
      </programlisting>

      <para>ÎÁ:</para>

      <programlisting>
/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 500, hard = 600)
      </programlisting>

      <para>îÏ×ÙÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÔÕÐÑÔ × ÓÉÌÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ
	ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ.</para>

      <para>éÎÏÇÄÁ ÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ Ë×ÏÔ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
	ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏ× ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÒÉ
	ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ <option>-p</option> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
	<command>edquota</command>.  ÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÖÅÌÁÅÍÏÅ
	ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	<command>edquota -p protouser startuid-enduid</command>.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>test</username> ÉÍÅÅÔ ÖÅÌÁÅÍÙÅ
	ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÄÕÂÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ Ó
	ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÁÍÉ ÏÔ 10000 ÄÏ 19999 ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÔÁËÁÑ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ:</para>

      <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -p test 10000-19999</userinput>
      </screen>

      <para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <command>man edquota</command> ÚÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÁ</title>

      <para>äÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ Ë×ÏÔ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>quota</command> ÉÌÉ <command>repquota</command>.
	ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>quota</command> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ
	Ë×ÏÔ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÇÒÕÐÐ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×.
	ôÏÌØËÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÔØ Ë×ÏÔÙ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	ÄÉÓËÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ É ÇÒÕÐÐÁÍÉ.  ëÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	<command>repquota</command> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
	ÓÕÍÍÁÒÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ ×ÓÅÈ Ë×ÏÔ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ Ë×ÏÔÁÍÉ.</para>

      <para>äÁÌÅÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>quota -v</command>
	ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ Ä×ÕÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.</para>

      <programlisting>
Disk quotas for user test (uid 1002):
     Filesystem  blocks   quota   limit   grace   files   quota   limit   grace
	   /usr      65*     50      75   5days       7      50      60
       /usr/var       0      50      75 	      0      50      60
      </programlisting>

      <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <filename>/usr</filename>
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÒÅ×ÙÓÉÌ Ó×ÏÅ ÍÑÇËÏÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ × 50 ÂÌÏËÏ× ÎÁ 15
	ÂÌÏËÏ× É ÉÍÅÅÔ 5 ÄÎÅÊ ÄÏ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÔÓÒÏÞËÉ.  ïÔÍÅÔØÔÅ ÚÎÁË
	Ú×ÅÚÄÏÞËÉ <literal>*</literal>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÅÎÉÅ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ Ó×ÏÅÇÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ.</para>

      <para>ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ
	ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ÎÅ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ×Ù×ÏÄÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	<command>quota</command>, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÅÍÕ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÁ Ë×ÏÔÁ ÎÁ
	ÜÔÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.	ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
	<option>-v</option> ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ù×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ, ËÁË, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ <filename>/usr/var</filename> × ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ë×ÏÔÙ × NFS NFS</title>

      <para>ë×ÏÔÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ Ë×ÏÔ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ NFS.  äÁÅÍÏÎ
	&man.rpc.rquotad.8; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï Ë×ÏÔÁÈ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
	&man.quota.1; ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÈ NFS, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÎÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ
	ÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÕ Ï Ë×ÏÔÁÈ.</para>

      <para>÷ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ <command>rpc.rquotad</command> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>

      <programlisting>
rquotad/1      dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/libexec/rpc.rquotad rpc.rquotad
      </programlisting>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ <command>inetd</command>:</para>

      <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`</userinput>
      </screen>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
</chapter>

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