path: root/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/geom/chapter.sgml

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<chapter id="GEOM">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Tom</firstname>
	<surname>Rhodes</surname>
	<contrib>îÁÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>äÅÎÉÓ</firstname>
	<surname>âÁÒÏ×</surname>
	<contrib>ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÑÚÙË: </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </chapterinfo>

  <title>GEOM: íÏÄÕÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ×</title>

  <sect1 id="GEOM-synopsis">
    <title>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>GEOM</primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>éÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ GEOM</primary>
      <see>GEOM</see>
    </indexterm>

    <para> üÔÁ ÇÌÁ×Á ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ
      ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÏÊ GEOM ×Ï &os;.  óÒÅÄÉ ÐÒÏÞÅÇÏ, ÚÄÅÓØ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ
      ÞÁÓÔØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ <acronym role="Redundant Array of Inexpensive
      Disks">RAID</acronym>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ GEOM ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Å ÍÙ
      ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÍ ×ÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ GEOM Ó ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ
      ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÉÌÉ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÍ ËÏÄÏÍ, ÜÔÕ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
      ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.geom.4;.  üÔÁ ÇÌÁ×Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
      ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÍ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÐÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ <acronym>RAID</acronym>.  íÙ ÏÂÓÕÄÉÍ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÉÐÙ <acronym>RAID</acronym>, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ GEOM.</para>

    <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÔÉÐÙ <acronym>RAID</acronym> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ GEOM.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para> ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ,
	  ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑÍÉ
	  <acronym>RAID</acronym>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para> ëÁË Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ GEOM ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÚÅÒËÁÌØÎÙÅ, ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ É
	  ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ, Á ÔÁË ÖÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ
	  ÉÚ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉΣÎÎÙÈ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÒÅÛÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ, ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉΣÎÎÙÍÉ Ë ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ
	  GEOM.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÞÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏÎÉÍÁÔØ, ËÁË &os; ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ
	  (<xref linkend="disks">).</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>õÍÅÔØ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ &os;
	  (<xref linkend="kernelconfig">).</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="GEOM-intro">
    <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ × GEOM</title>

    <para>GEOM ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ËÌÁÓÓÁÍ &mdash; <acronym role="Master Boot Record">
      MBR</acronym>, <acronym>BSD</acronym> labels, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ &mdash;
      ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ É ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÍ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
      ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ× GEOM (providers) ÉÌÉ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×,
      ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>.
      GEOM ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
      <acronym>RAID</acronym>, É ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ
      Ë ÄÉÓËÁÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="GEOM-striping">
  <sect1info>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Tom</firstname>
	<surname>Rhodes</surname>
	<contrib>îÁÐÉÓÁÌÉ </contrib>
      </author>
      <author>
	<firstname>Murray</firstname>
	<surname>Stokely</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </sect1info>

    <title>RAID0 - óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ (Striping)</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>GEOM</primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>
	óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ&nbsp;(Striping)
      </primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ (Striping)&nbsp;&mdash;
      ÍÅÔÏÄ, ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÊ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓËÏÍÂÉÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× ×
      ÏÄÉÎ ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉÊ.  ÷Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
      ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÈ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏ×.  äÉÓËÏ×ÁÑ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ GEOM ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
      ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÕÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ <acronym>RAID</acronym>0, ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÕÀ
      ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØÀ (Stripe).</para>

    <para>÷ <acronym>RAID</acronym> ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ 0 ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÂÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÂÌÏËÉ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÍÁÓÓÉ×Á.  ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ,
      ÞÔÏÂÙ ÖÄÁÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ 256k ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÄÉÓË, <acronym>RAID</acronym>0 ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÏ 64k ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÉÚ ÞÅÔÙÒ£È ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÑ
      ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÕÀ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ.  ðÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ
      ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÁ ÚÁ ÓÞÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÅÇÏ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×.</para>

    <para>÷ÓÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ <acronym>RAID</acronym>0
      ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÚÁÐÉÓØ É ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÎÉÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÏ×
      ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÔ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ.</para>

    <mediaobject>
      <imageobject>
	<imagedata fileref="geom/striping" align="center">
      </imageobject>

      <textobject>
	<phrase>éÌÌÀÓÔÒÁÃÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ</phrase>
      </textobject>
    </mediaobject>

    <procedure>
      <title>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ
	 ÉÚ ÎÅÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ATA ÄÉÓËÏ×</title>

      <step><para>úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØ <filename>geom_stripe.ko</filename>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload geom_stripe</userinput></screen>
      </step>

      <step><para>õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÁÑ ÔÏÞËÁ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
	åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÄÉÓË ËÏÒÎÅ×ÙÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ,
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÔÏÞËÕ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <filename
	class="directory">/mnt</filename>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt</userinput></screen>
      </step>

      <step><para>ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÙ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ, É ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÄÌÑ
	ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ
	ÄÉÓËÏ×ÕÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÉÚ Ä×ÕÈ ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ É ÎÅÒÁÚÍÅÞÅÎÎÙÈ
	<acronym>ATA</acronym> ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <filename>/dev/ad2</filename> É
	<filename>/dev/ad3</filename>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gstripe label -v st0 /dev/ad2 /dev/ad3</userinput>
Metadata value stored on /dev/ad2.
Metadata value stored on /dev/ad3.
Done.</screen>
      </step>

      <step><para>úÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÕÀ ÍÅÔËÕ, ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÕÀ ËÁË ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, × ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÔÏÍ, É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>bsdlabel -wB /dev/stripe/st0</userinput></screen>

      </step>

      <step><para>ôÅÐÅÒØ × <filename class="directory">/dev/stripe</filename>
	ËÒÏÍÅ <devicename>st0</devicename> ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÉÓØ ÅÝ£ Ä×Á ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á &mdash;
	<devicename>st0a</devicename> É <devicename>st0c</devicename>.
	ôÅÐÅÒØ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å <devicename>st0a</devicename>,
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <command>newfs</command>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -U /dev/stripe/st0a</userinput></screen>

      <para>îÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ ÐÒÏÍÅÌØËÎÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÃÉÆÒ, É ÞÅÒÅÚ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
	ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎ.  ìÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÄÉÓË ÓÏÚÄÁÎ É ÇÏÔÏ×
	Ë ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ.</para>
    </step>
  </procedure>

  <para>óÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ:</para>

  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/stripe/st0a /mnt</userinput></screen>

  <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÕÀ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÕÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ
    Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÎÅÊ ×
    ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.  óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÕÀ ÔÏÞËÕ
    ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÎÁÚÏ×ÉÔŠţ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, <filename
      class="directory">stripe</filename>:</para>

  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /stripe</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>echo "/dev/stripe/st0a /stripe ufs rw 2 2" \</userinput>
    <userinput>&gt;&gt; /etc/fstab</userinput></screen>

  <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÍÏÄÕÌØ <filename>geom_stripe.ko</filename> Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÌÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ
    ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ×
    <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>

  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo 'geom_stripe_load="YES"' &gt;&gt; /boot/loader.conf</userinput></screen>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="GEOM-mirror">
    <title>RAID1 - úÅÒËÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ (Mirroring)</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>GEOM</primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>úÅÒËÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>úÅÒËÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ (Mirroring) &mdash; ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÑ,
      ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÍÁÑ ËÁË × ËÏÒÐÏÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÓÒÅÄÅ, ÔÁË É ÎÁ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ.
      ïÎÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÅ ËÏÐÉÉ <quote>ÎÁ ÌÅÔÕ</quote>.
      úÅÒËÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÐÏ ÓÕÔÉ, ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÄÉÓË A Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÐÉÅÊ ÄÉÓËÁ B.
      éÌÉ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÄÉÓË C+D Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÐÉÅÊ ÄÉÓËÁ A+B.  ÷ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ
      ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÁÓÐÅËÔ &mdash; ÄÕÂÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.  ðÏÚÖÅ,
      ÜÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Ó ÌÅÇËÏÓÔØÀ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÉÌÉ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÁ ËÁË
      ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÐÉÑ ÂÅÚ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÁ ×
      ÈÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÁ
      ÒÁ×ÎÏÊ ÅÍËÏÓÔÉ.  äÁÌÅÅ × ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÉÓËÉ
      ÐÒÑÍÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ (direct access, &man.da.4;) Ó ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ
      <acronym>SCSI</acronym>.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>úÅÒËÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×</title>

      <para>÷ ÓÔÁÔØÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ &os; ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ
	ÄÉÓË, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÍÙÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ËÁË <devicename>da0</devicename>.
	üÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÂÕÄÅÔ ÃÅÌÅ×ÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.gmirror.8;.</para>

      <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅÍ ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÕÀ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ É ÏÔËÒÏÊÔÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ.  üÔÏ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔÓÑ
	ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ &man.sysctl.8;
	<varname>kern.geom.debugflags</varname>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=17</userinput></screen>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ.  îÁÞÎÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ Ó ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ.  ÷ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ×ÉÄÁ <filename
	class="devicefile">/dev/mirror/gm</filename>:</para>

      <warning>
	<para>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÄÅÎÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ,
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏ×ÌÅÞØ ÚÁ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÐÏÔÅÒÀ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ
	  ÚÁÎÑÔ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÓÅËÔÏÒ ÄÉÓËÁ.  òÉÓË ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÍÅÎØÛÅ, ÅÓÌÉ
	  ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÚÁ Ó×ÅÖÅÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ &os;.</para>
      </warning>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror label -vb round-robin gm0 /dev/da0</userinput></screen>

      <para>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ×ÙÄÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ:</para>

      <screen>Metadata value stored on /dev/da0.
Done.</screen>

      <para>éÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÕÊÔÅ GEOM, ÜÔÏ ÐÏ×ÌÅÞÅÔ ÚÁ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ ÑÄÒÁ
	<filename>/boot/kernel/geom_mirror.ko</filename>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror load</userinput></screen>

      <note>
	<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÇÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
	  <devicename>gm0</devicename> × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	  <filename class="directory">/dev/mirror</filename>.</para>
      </note>

      <para>÷ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ
	<filename>geom_mirror.ko</filename> ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo 'geom_mirror_load="YES"' &gt;&gt; /boot/loader.conf</userinput></screen>

      <para>ïÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, ÚÁÍÅÎÉ×
	× Î£Í ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÒÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <devicename>da0</devicename>
	ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ <devicename>gm0</devicename>.</para>

      <note>
	<para>åÓÌÉ &man.vi.1; &mdash; ×ÁÛ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ, ÔÏ ÜÔÁ
	  ÚÁÄÁÞÁ ÒÅÛÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /etc/fstab</userinput></screen>

	<para>óÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>fstab</filename>,
	  ÎÁÂÒÁ× × &man.vi.1; <userinput>:w /etc/fstab.bak</userinput>.
	  úÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÓÔÒÏË, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÅ ÉÍÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
	  <devicename>da0</devicename>, ÎÁ ÉÍÑ <devicename>gm0</devicename>,
	  ÎÁÂÒÁ× <userinput>:%s/da/mirror\/gm/g</userinput>.<para>
      </note>

      <para>îÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×
	(<acronym>SCSI</acronym> ÉÌÉ <acronym>ATA</acronym>), ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
	<acronym>RAID</acronym> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ï &mdash;
	<devicename>gm</devicename>.  óÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>fstab</filename> ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ:</para>

      <programlisting># Device                Mountpoint      FStype  Options         Dump    Pass#
/dev/mirror/gm0s1b      none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/mirror/gm0s1a      /               ufs     rw              1       1
/dev/mirror/gm0s1d      /usr            ufs     rw              0       0
/dev/mirror/gm0s1f      /home           ufs     rw              2       2
#/dev/mirror/gm0s2d     /store          ufs     rw              2       2
/dev/mirror/gm0s1e      /var            ufs     rw              2       2
/dev/acd0               /cdrom          cd9660  ro,noauto       0       0</programlisting>

      <para>ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput></screen>

      <para>ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <devicename>gm0</devicename> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
	<devicename>da0</devicename>.  õÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁË:
	ÄÏÖÄÉÔÅÓØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>mount</command>
	É ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔŠţ ×Ù×ÏÄ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount</userinput>
Filesystem         1K-blocks    Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/mirror/gm0s1a   1012974  224604   707334    24%    /
devfs                      1       1        0   100%    /dev
/dev/mirror/gm0s1f  45970182   28596 42263972     0%    /home
/dev/mirror/gm0s1d   6090094 1348356  4254532    24%    /usr
/dev/mirror/gm0s1e   3045006 2241420   559986    80%    /var
devfs                      1       1        0   100%    /var/named/dev</screen>

      <para>ëÁË É ÏÖÉÄÁÌÏÓØ, ×Ù×ÏÄ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ.  é × ÚÁËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ × ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ ÄÉÓË
	<devicename>da1</devicename> ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror insert gm0 /dev/da1</userinput></screen>

      <para>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
	 ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÅÎ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror status</userinput></screen>

      <para>÷Ù×ÏÄ ×ÙÛÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£ÎÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ
	É ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ:</para>

      <screen>      Name    Status  Components
mirror/gm0  COMPLETE  da0
                      da1</screen>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ÅÓÔØ ËÁËÉÅ-ÌÉÂÏ ÎÅÐÏÌÁÄËÉ ÉÌÉ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ
	ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ, × ×Ù×ÏÄÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ
	<literal>DEGRADED</literal> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÔÁÔÕÓÁ
	<literal>COMPLETE</literal>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</title>

      <sect3>
	<title>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ</title>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ É ×ÙÄÁÅÔ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>

	<programlisting>ffs_mountroot: can't find rootvp
Root mount failed: 6
mountroot&gt;</programlisting>

	<para>ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ËÎÏÐËÏÊ ÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ËÎÏÐËÏÊ
	  <quote>Reset</quote>.  ÷ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÏÐÃÉÀ (6).
	  üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ×ÙÄÁÓÔ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ &man.loader.8;.
	  úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÑÄÒÁ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ:</para>

	<screen>OK? <userinput>load geom_mirror</userinput>
OK? <userinput>boot</userinput></screen>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÓÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ, ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÏ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ
	  ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÌÓÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÓÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ
	  ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.  åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ
	  ÏÓÔÁÌÁÓØ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>

	<programlisting>options	GEOM_MIRROR</programlisting>

	<para>× ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÐÅÒÅÓÏÂÅÒÉÔÅ É ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ.
	  üÔÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÒÁÎÉÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÓÂÏÅ×</title>

      <para>ðÒÉÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ ÚÅÒËÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ
	ÄÉÓË ×ÙÛÅÌ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏÑ, ÔÏ ÏÎ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÍÅΣΠ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÂÅÚ
	ÕÝÅÒÂÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>

      <para>ðÒÉÎÉÍÁÑ ×Ï ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÕÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ
	<acronym>RAID</acronym>1, ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
	<devicename>da1</devicename> ×ÙÛÌÏ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏÑ, É ÅÍÕ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÁ.
	ðÅÒÅÄ ÚÁÍÅÎÏÊ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔÅ, ËÁËÏÊ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÉÓË ×ÙÛÅÌ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏÑ, Á ÐÏÔÏÍ
	×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  ôÅÐÅÒØ ÄÅÆÅËÔÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÍÅΣΠÎÏ×ÙÍ,
	ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÎÏ×Á ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	ÄÌÑ ÚÁÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÁ × ÚÅÒËÁÌÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror forget gm0</userinput></screen>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror insert gm0 /dev/da1</userinput></screen>

      <para>äÌÑ ÎÁÂÌÀÄÅÎÉÑ ÚÁ ÓÔÁÔÕÓÏÍ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	<command>gmirror</command> <option>status</option>.  ÷Ù×ÏÄ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔ É ÐÏÎÑÔÅÎ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="geom-ggate">
    <title>óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á GEOM Gate</title>

    <para>GEOM ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÓÅÂÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ ÐÏ
      ÓÅÔÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ, CD-ROM É Ô.Ä. ÐÕÔÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
      gate ÕÔÉÌÉÔ.  üÔÏ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó <acronym>NFS</acronym>.</para>

    <para>äÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÁ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ
      ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ËÏÍÕ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍ É
      ËÁËÏÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ.
      îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÞÅÔ×ÅÒÔÙÊ ÓÌÁÊÓ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ
      <acronym>SCSI</acronym> ÄÉÓËÁ, ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ×
      ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/gg.exports</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>192.168.1.0/24 RW /dev/da0s4d</programlisting>

    <para>üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ×ÓÅÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÍ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÞÁÓÔÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
      ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <devicename>da0s4d</devicename>.</para>

    <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÏ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ,
      É ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ &man.ggated.8;:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ggated</userinput></screen>

    <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ggatec create -o rw 192.168.1.1 /dev/da0s4d</userinput>
ggate0
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ggate0 /mnt</userinput></screen>

    <para>ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ × ÔÏÞËÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
      <filename class="directory">/mnt</filename>.</para>

    <note>
      <para>îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÐÙÔËÁ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÕÖÅ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ ËÁË ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÉÌÉ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË,
	ÚÁËÏÎÞÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÅÊ.</para>
    </note>

    <para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ, ÏÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ &man.umount.8;, ËÁË ÌÀÂÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="geom-glabel">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>äÅÎÉÓ</firstname>
	  <surname>ðÅÐÌÉÎ</surname>
	  <contrib>ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÑÚÙË </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>íÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>GEOM</primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>íÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÑÄÒÏ &os; ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ
      ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.  üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
      ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ
      ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ <acronym>USB</acronym>.  íÏÖÅÔ
      ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÄÉÓËÕ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎÏ ÉÍÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
      <devicename>da0</devicename>, Á ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï Ó ÐÒÅÖÎÉÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
      <devicename>da0</devicename> ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÉÍÑ,
      <devicename>da1</devicename>.  üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍ
      ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÈ ×
      <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.  îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÁÖÅ
      ÐÏÍÅÛÁÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    <para>ïÄÎÏ ÉÚ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÉ <acronym>SCSI</acronym>
      ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× × ÔÁËÏÍ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÅ Ë
      <acronym>SCSI</acronym> ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÕ, ÚÁÎÉÍÁÌÉ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÙÅ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ
      ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.  îÏ ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ Ó <acronym>USB</acronym> ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÎÑÔØ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ <acronym>SCSI</acronym> ÄÉÓËÁ?
      üÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ <acronym>USB</acronym> ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
      ÔÅÓÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÏ <acronym>SCSI</acronym> ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁ.  òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÓÏÓÔÏÑÔØ × ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
      äÒÕÇÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ - ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <acronym>ATA</acronym> ÄÉÓËÁ É
      ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ <acronym>SCSI</acronym> ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÉÚ
      <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.</para>

    <para>åÓÔØ É ÌÕÞÛÅÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ.  ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ
      <command>glabel</command>, ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÇÕÔ
      ÐÏÍÅÔÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÍÅÔËÉ ×
      <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.  ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
      <command>glabel</command> ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÍÅÔËÉ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÓÅËÔÏÒÅ
      ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÏÎÉ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.
      éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÜÔÉ ÍÅÔËÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
      ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.</para>

    <note>
      <para>ïÞÅ×ÉÄÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÅÔËÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ.  õÔÉÌÉÔÁ
	<command>glabel</command> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁË
	×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, ÔÁË É ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÈ ÍÅÔÏË.  ôÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÅ ÍÅÔËÉ
	ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÏË.  ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ &man.glabel.8;
	ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ
	ÍÅÔËÁÍÉ.</para>
    </note>

    <sect2>
      <title>ôÉÐÙ ÍÅÔÏË É ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ</title>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Á ÔÉÐÁ ÍÅÔÏË, ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ (generic) ÔÉÐ É ÍÅÔËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  íÅÔËÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÉÌÉ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ.
	ðÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÅ ÍÅÔËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ &man.tunefs.8; ÉÌÉ &man.newfs.8;.
	÷ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>,
	ÉÍÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	× ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÔÉÐÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÍÅÔËÉ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ <acronym>UFS</acronym>2 ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ ×
	ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename class="directory">/dev/ufs</filename>.
	ðÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÅ ÍÅÔËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	<command>glabel label</command>.  üÔÉ ÍÅÔËÉ ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÔÉÐÁ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename
	  class="directory">/dev/label</filename>.</para>

      <para>÷ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÍÅÔËÉ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.  üÔÉ ÍÅÔËÉ
	ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename class="directory">/dev/label</filename>,
	ÏÎÉ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ ÄÌÑ ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÏ×.  ÷ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÍÅÔËÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>glabel create</command>.  úÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏÊ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.glabel.8;.</para>

<!-- XXXTR: How do you create a file system label without running newfs
            or when there is no newfs (e.g.: cd9660)? -->

      <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÕÀ ÍÅÔËÕ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	<acronym>UFS</acronym>2 ÎÅ ÎÁÒÕÛÁÑ ÓÁÍÉÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -L <replaceable>home</replaceable> <replaceable>/dev/da3</replaceable></userinput></screen>

      <warning>
	<para>åÓÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
	  ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ; × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	  ÎÁÄÏ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÎÅÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÉÌÉ ÎÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ
	  ÍÅÔËÉ.</para>
      </warning>

      <para>íÅÔËÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ × <filename
	class="directory">/dev/ufs</filename> É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ×
	<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>/dev/ufs/home		/home            ufs     rw              2      2</programlisting>

      <note>
	<para>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ <command>tunefs</command> ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
	ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ.</para>
      </note>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /home</userinput></screen>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÑÄÒÁ <filename>geom_label.ko</filename> ÕËÁÚÁÎ ×
	<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> É ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ÉÌÉ × ÑÄÒÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ <literal>GEOM_LABEL</literal>,
	ÍÅÔËÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÂÅÚ ËÁËÏÇÏ-ÌÉÂÏ ÎÅÇÁÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
	ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ.</para>

      <para>æÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ Ó ÍÅÔËÏÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÕÔÅÍ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÌÁÇÁ <option>-L</option> ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	<command>newfs</command>.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
	&man.newfs.8; ÚÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔËÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>glabel destroy home</userinput></screen>

      <para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÅÔËÉ
	ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.</para>

      <example>
	<title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÅÔÏË ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</title>

	<para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ É ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÈ ÍÅÔÏË ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ
	  ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
	  ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ × ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÄÉÓË ÂÙÌ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎ ÎÁ
	  ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒ, ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ
	  ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÂÙÌ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ ÏÄÉÎ ÄÉÓË <acronym>ATA</acronym>,
	  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÍÙÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ËÁË <devicename>ad0</devicename>.  ôÁËÖÅ
	  × ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÕÀ ÄÌÑ
	  &os; ÓÈÅÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ÓÌÁÊÓÙ É ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ
	  ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ <filename class="directory">/</filename>,
	  <filename class="directory">/var</filename>,
	  <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>,
	  <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> É ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
	  ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.</para>

	<para>ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÄÏÖÄÉÔÅÓØ ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ.  îÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ
	  ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ <keycap>4</keycap> ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ.
	  äÁÌÅÅ, ××ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>glabel label rootfs /dev/ad0s1a</userinput>
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider /dev/ad0s1a is label/rootfs
&prompt.root; <userinput>glabel label var /dev/ad0s1d</userinput>
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider /dev/ad0s1d is label/var
&prompt.root; <userinput>glabel label usr /dev/ad0s1f</userinput>
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider /dev/ad0s1f is label/usr
&prompt.root; <userinput>glabel label tmp /dev/ad0s1e</userinput>
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider /dev/ad0s1e is label/tmp
&prompt.root; <userinput>glabel label swap /dev/ad0s1b</userinput>
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider /dev/ad0s1b is label/swap
&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput></screen>

	<para>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ × ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ.
	  ðÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÏÔËÒÏÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
	  É ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ × Î£Í ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
	  ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ ÍÅÔËÉ.  òÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ
	  ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ:</para>

	<programlisting># Device                Mountpoint      FStype  Options         Dump    Pass#
/dev/label/swap         none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/label/rootfs       /               ufs     rw              1       1
/dev/label/tmp          /tmp            ufs     rw              2       2
/dev/label/usr          /usr            ufs     rw              2       2
/dev/label/var          /var            ufs     rw              2       2</programlisting>

	<para>ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÅÝÅ ÒÁÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ó£ ÐÒÏÛÌÏ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ,
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÓÑ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ, Á ×Ù×ÏÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	  <command>mount</command> ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÉÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount</userinput>
/dev/label/rootfs on / (ufs, local)
devfs on /dev (devfs, local)
/dev/label/tmp on /tmp (ufs, local, soft-updates)
/dev/label/usr on /usr (ufs, local, soft-updates)
/dev/label/var on /var (ufs, local, soft-updates)</screen>
      </example>

      <para>îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó &os;&nbsp;7.2, GEOM ËÌÁÓÓ &man.glabel.8; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
	ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÔÉÐ ÍÅÔÏË ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ <acronym>UFS</acronym>.  îÏ×ÙÊ
	ÔÉÐ ÍÅÔÏË ÂÁÚÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÁÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ,
	ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÈ <literal>ufsid</literal>.  ÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	ÏÎÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ É ÐÏÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename
	class="directory">/dev/ufsid</filename>.  ðÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÔÏË ÄÏÌÖÎÙÍ
	ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename class="directory">/etc/fstab</filename>
	ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÐÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍ
	<literal>ufsid</literal>.  þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
	É ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÉÍ ÍÅÔÏË <literal>ufsid</literal>, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	<command>glabel status</command>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>glabel status</userinput>
                  Name  Status  Components
ufsid/486b6fc38d330916     N/A  ad4s1d
ufsid/486b6fc16926168e     N/A  ad4s1f</screen>

      <para>÷ ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ <devicename>ad4s1d</devicename> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ <filename class="directory">/var</filename>,
	Á <devicename>ad4s1f</devicename> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
	<filename class="directory">/usr</filename>.  üÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	ÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ÕËÁÚÁ× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ <literal>ufsid</literal>
	× ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>/dev/ufsid/486b6fc38d330916        /var        ufs        rw        2      2
/dev/ufsid/486b6fc16926168e        /usr        ufs        rw        2      2</programlisting>

      <para>ôÁËÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ Ó ÍÅÔËÁÍÉ
	<literal>ufsid</literal>, ÞÔÏ ÉÓËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
	ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÈ ÍÅÔÏË ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ É × ÔÏ ÖÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÁÍÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÍÅÔËÁÍ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="geom-gjournal">
    <title>öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ UFS ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÁÍÉ GEOM</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>GEOM</primary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>ó ×ÙÈÏÄÏÍ &os; 7.0 ÂÙÌ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÄÏÌÇÏÖÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ
      ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÏ× ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
      óÁÍÁ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÁÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
      <acronym>GEOM</acronym>, Á ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
      &man.gjournal.8;.</para>

    <para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ?  öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ
      ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ: ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅ
      ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÕÀ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÀ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÓÐÅÒ×Á ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ × ÖÕÒÎÁÌ, Á
      ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÚÖÅ.
      ÷ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
      ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÊ ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Ó ÃÅÌØÀ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÒÕÛÅÎÉÑ
      ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

    <para>öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ &mdash; ÜÔÏ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ
      ÕÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÒÕÛÅÎÉÑ ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ
      ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ Soft Updates, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔ É ÐÅÒÉÏÄÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ
      ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ, É ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÚ
      ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÁÍ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ ÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ × ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÏÔ×ÅÄÅÎÎÏÍ
      ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓËÁ, É, × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØÓÑ ÃÅÌÉËÏÍ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ.</para>

    <para>÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÊ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ,
      ÍÅÔÏÄ <command>gjournal</command> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÂÌÏÞÎÏÍ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ, ÏÎ
      ÎÅ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎ × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ; ÜÔÏ ÌÉÛØ ÎÁÄÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÎÁÄ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ
      <acronym>GEOM</acronym>.</para>

    <para>þÔÏÂÙ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ <command>gjournal</command>,
      × ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ &os; ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÏÐÃÉÑ
      (×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ &os; 7.0 É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÚÄÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍ):</para>

    <programlisting>options	UFS_GJOURNAL</programlisting>

    <para>öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ, ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
      ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÑÄÒÁ <filename>geom_journal.ko</filename>.
      ÷ÎÅÓÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÆÁÊÌ
      <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>geom_journal_load="YES"</programlisting>

    <para>÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Ù, ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ×ÙÛÅÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ ÍÏÖÎÏ
      ×ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ × ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÏÐÃÉÀ
      × ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ:</para>

    <programlisting>options	GEOM_JOURNAL</programlisting>

    <para>äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
      ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÛÁÇÉ (ÚÄÅÓØ É ÄÁÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ
      <devicename>da4</devicename> ÅÓÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÊ <acronym>SCSI</acronym>
      ÄÉÓË):</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal load</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label /dev/da4</userinput></screen>

    <para>îÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename
      class="directory">/dev</filename> ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ
      ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× <devicename>/dev/da4</devicename> É
      <devicename>/dev/da4.journal</devicename>.  ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
      ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -O 2 -J /dev/da4.journal</userinput></screen>

    <para>ðÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ <acronym>UFS</acronym>2
      ÎÁ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÕÅÍÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å.</para>

    <para>óÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï × ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:</para>

    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/da4.journal <replaceable>/mnt</replaceable></userinput></screen>

    <note>
      <para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÓÌÁÊÓÏ×, ÖÕÒÎÁÌ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
	ÉÚ ÎÉÈ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ÓÌÁÊÓÁ, É ÏÎÉ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
	<devicename>ad4s1</devicename> É <devicename>ad4s2</devicename>, ÔÏ
	ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ <command>gjournal</command> ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
	<devicename>ad4s1.journal</devicename> É
	<devicename>ad4s2.journal</devicename>. </para>
    </note>

    <para>äÌÑ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ
      ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ.  ÷ ÔÁËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ
      ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÉÌÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á,
      ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  öÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÁËÖÅ
      ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ <command>tunefs</command> ÎÁ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ
      ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ; ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ ÐÅÒÅÄ
      ÐÏÐÙÔËÁÍÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ×,
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>gjournal</command> ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ ÏÛÉÂËÏÊ, ÅÓÌÉ
      ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
      ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>tunefs</command> ÎÅ ÚÁÝÉÔÉÔ ÐÒÏÔÉ× ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>

    <para>ôÁËÖÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;.
      úÁ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍÉ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÁÔØÅ
      <ulink url="&url.articles.gjournal-desktop;">îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	UFS ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ</ulink>.</para>
  </sect1>
</chapter>
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