path: root/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.sgml

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<chapter id="network-servers">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>Murray</firstname>
	<surname>Stokely</surname>
	<contrib>òÅÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÌ  </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
	<firstname>áÎÄÒÅÊ</firstname>
	<surname>úÁÈ×ÁÔÏ×</surname>
	<contrib>ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÑÚÙË: </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
    <!-- 23 July 2004 -->
  </chapterinfo>

  <title>óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ</title>

  <sect1 id="network-servers-synopsis">
    <title>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ</title>

    <para>üÔÁ ÇÌÁ×Á ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ
      ÓÌÕÖÂÁÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ &unix;.  íÙ ÏÐÉÛÅÍ, ËÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ, ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ,
      ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×.
      äÌÑ ÏÂÌÅÇÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × ÇÌÁ×Õ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ
      ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.</para>

    <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ <application>inetd</application>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÕÞ£ÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×
	  ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ DHCP.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍ£Î.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ <application>Apache</application> HTTP
	  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÊ É ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ ÄÌÑ &windows;
	  ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ <application>Samba</application>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÁÔÕ É ×ÒÅÍÑ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
	  ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ Ó ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏÍ NTP.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÄÅÍÏÎ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,
	  <command>syslogd</command>, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÔ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÈ
	  ÈÏÓÔÏ×.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÞÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏÎÉÍÁÔØ ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×
	  <filename>/etc/rc</filename>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ×ÌÁÄÅÔØ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÍÉ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
      <para>úÎÁÔØ ËÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ
	ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× (<xref linkend="ports">).</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-inetd">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Chern</firstname>
	  <surname>Lee</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <contrib>ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ: </contrib>
	  <othername>ðÒÏÅËÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ &os;</othername>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title><quote>óÕÐÅÒ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</quote> <application>inetd</application></title>

    <sect2 id="network-inetd-overview">
      <title>ïÂÚÏÒ</title>

      <para>&man.inetd.8; ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÔÁËÖÅ <quote>ÓÕÐÅÒ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ
	éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ</quote>, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ë ÍÎÏÇÉÍ
	ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁÍ.  ëÏÇÄÁ
	<application>inetd</application> ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, ÏÎ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ,
	ÄÌÑ ËÁËÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ
	ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÅÍÕ ÓÏËÅÔ, ÓÓÙÌËÁ ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ
	ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ××ÏÄÁ, ×Ù×ÏÄÁ É ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ
	ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ.  äÌÑ ÎÅ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÎÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× ÚÁÐÕÓË ÞÅÒÅÚ
	<application>inetd</application> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÏÂÝÕÀ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÏ
	ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÏ × ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍ
	ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.</para>

      <para>÷ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ <application>inetd</application> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	×ÙÚÏ×Á ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ×, ÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÈ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË
	<application>chargen</application>, <application>auth</application> É
	<application>daytime</application>, ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
	ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</para>

      <para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
	<application>inetd</application> ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÅÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ
	ÓÔÒÏËÉ É ÅÇÏ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ,
	<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-inetd-settings">
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ</title>

      <para><application>inetd</application> ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &man.rc.8;.  ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<literal>inetd_enable</literal> ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ×
	<literal>NO</literal>, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
	<application>sysinstall</application> × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
	õËÁÚÁÎÉÅ</para>

      <programlisting>inetd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>ÉÌÉ</para>

      <programlisting>inetd_enable="NO"</programlisting>

      <para>× ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔ ÉÌÉ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔ ÚÁÐÕÓË
	<application>inetd</application> ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.
	ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ</para>

      <programlisting>/etc/rc.d/inetd rcvar</programlisting>

      <para>ÐÏËÁÖÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÉÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÈÓÑ Ë
	<application>inetd</application>.</para>

      <para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÅÒÅÚ <literal>inetd_flags</literal> ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ
	<application>inetd</application> ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÎÙ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-inetd-cmdline">
      <title>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ</title>

      <para>ëÁË É ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ×, ÄÌÑ <application>inetd</application>
	ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ, ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀÝÉÈ
	ÅÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ.  ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÉÚ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÔÁËÏ×:</para>

      <para><command>inetd</command> <option>[-d] [-l] [-w] [-W] [-c maximum] [-C rate] [-a address | hostname]
	   [-p filename] [-R rate] [-s maximum] [configuration file]</option></para>

      <para>ïÐÃÉÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ <application>inetd</application>
	ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <literal>inetd_flags</literal> ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
	<literal>inetd_flags</literal> ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ × <literal>-wW -C
	60</literal>, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ TCP wrapping É ÚÁÐÒÅÝÁÅÔ
	ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÕ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ 60 ÒÁÚ ×
	ÍÉÎÕÔÕ.</para>

      <para>îÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏ ÔÅËÓÔÕ ÍÙ ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ
	ÞÁÓÔÏÔÙ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÌÕÖÂÁÍ (rate-limiting), × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ×
	ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÜÔÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ.  üÔÉ
	ÏÐÃÉÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍÉ × ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÁ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÞÒÅÚÍÅÒÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ.  ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË
	ÏÐÃÉÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.inetd.8;.</para>

      <variablelist>
	<varlistentry>
	  <term>-c maximum</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÕÓËÏ× ËÁÖÄÏÊ
	      ÓÌÕÖÂÙ; ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ.  íÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÏ
	      ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÏ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÓÌÕÖÂÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
	      <option>max-child</option>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>-C rate</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÒÁÚ,
	      ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÓÌÕÖÂÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÁ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ × ÍÉÎÕÔÕ; ÐÏ
	      ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ.  íÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÏ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
	      ÓÌÕÖÂÙ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
	      <option>max-connections-per-ip-per-minute</option>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>-R rate</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÓÌÕÖÂÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	      ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÁ × ÍÉÎÕÔÕ; ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ 256.  þÁÓÔÏÔÁ, ÒÁ×ÎÁÑ 0,
	      ÎÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÞÉÓÌÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï×.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>-s maximum</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>úÁÄÁÅÔ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ
	      ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ÏÄÉÎ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ; ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	      ÎÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ.  íÏÖÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÓÌÕÖÂÙ
	      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <option>max-child-per-ip</option>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-inetd-conf">
      <!-- XXX This section isn't very clear, and could do with some lovin' -->
      <title><filename>inetd.conf</filename></title>

      <para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ <application>inetd</application> ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> ÄÅÌÁÌÉÓØ
	ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÔÏ <application>inetd</application> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÞÉÔÁÔØ
	ÅÇÏ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ</para>

      <example id="network-inetd-reread">
	<title>ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	  <application>inetd</application></title>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd reload</userinput></screen>
      </example>

      <para>÷ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ
	ÄÁÅÍÏÎ.  ëÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑÍ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÚÎÁË	<quote>#</quote>.
	óÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> ÉÍÅÀÔ ÔÁËÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ:</para>

      <programlisting>service-name
socket-type
protocol
{wait|nowait}[/max-child[/max-connections-per-ip-per-minute[/max-child-per-ip]]]
user[:group][/login-class]
server-program
server-program-arguments</programlisting>

      <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ &man.ftpd.8;,
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÅÇÏ IPv4:</para>

      <programlisting>ftp     stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/libexec/ftpd       ftpd -l</programlisting>

      <variablelist>
	<varlistentry>
	  <term>service-name</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>üÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÍ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ.  ïÎÏ
	      ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÕ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÍÕ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	      <filename>/etc/services</filename>.  úÄÅÓØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ, ËÁËÏÊ
	      ÐÏÒÔ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ <application>inetd</application>.  ðÒÉ
	      ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ ÏÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÔØÓÑ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ × ÆÁÊÌ
	      <filename>/etc/services</filename>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>socket-type</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><literal>stream</literal>, <literal>dgram</literal>,
	      <literal>raw</literal> ÌÉÂÏ <literal>seqpacket</literal>.
	      <literal>stream</literal> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	      ÏÒÉÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ× TCP, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÁË
	      <literal>dgram</literal> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ×, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ
	      ÔÒÁÎÓÐÏÒÔÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ <acronym>UDP</acronym>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>protocol</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ïÄÎÏ ÉÚ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ:</para>

	    <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	      <tgroup cols="2">
		<thead>
		  <row>
		    <entry>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ</entry>
		    <entry>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
		  </row>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		  <row>
		    <entry>tcp, tcp4</entry>
		    <entry>TCP IPv4</entry>
		  </row>

		  <row>
		    <entry>udp, udp4</entry>
		    <entry>UDP IPv4</entry>
		  </row>

		  <row>
		    <entry>tcp6</entry>
		    <entry>TCP IPv6</entry>
		  </row>

		  <row>
		    <entry>udp6</entry>
		    <entry>UDP IPv6</entry>
		  </row>

		  <row>
		    <entry>tcp46</entry>
		    <entry>TCP ËÁË ÄÌÑ IPv4, ÔÁË É ÄÌÑ v6</entry>
		  </row>

		  <row>
		    <entry>udp46</entry>
		    <entry>UDP ËÁË ÄÌÑ IPv4, ÔÁË É ÄÌÑ v6</entry>
		  </row>
		</tbody>
	      </tgroup>
	    </informaltable>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>{wait|nowait}[/max-child[/max-connections-per-ip-per-minute[/max-child-per-ip]]]</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><option>wait|nowait</option> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ,
	      ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÉÚ <application>inetd</application>, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó
	      ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÏËÅÔÏÍ, ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ.  óÏËÅÔÙ ÔÉÐÁ <option>dgram</option>
	      ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>wait</option>, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÁË
	      ÄÁÅÍÏÎÙ Ó ÐÏÔÏËÏ×ÙÍÉ
	      ÓÏËÅÔÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÔÏÞÎÙ, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	      <option>nowait</option>.  <option>wait</option> ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÅÔ
	      ÍÎÏÇÏ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÁË <option>nowait</option>
	      ÐÏÒÏÖÄÁÅÔ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÏËÅÔÁ.</para>

	    <para>íÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÐÏÒÏÖÄÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	      ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ <application>inetd</application>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎÏ
	      ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <option>max-child</option>.  åÓÌÉ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ×
	      ÄÅÓÑÔØ ÜËÚÅÍÐÌÑÒÏ× ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ, ÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
	      <option>nowait</option> ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ
	      <literal>/10</literal>.  ðÒÉ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÉ <literal>/0</literal>
	      ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÜËÚÅÍÐÌÑÒÏ× ÓÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ.</para>

	    <para>ëÒÏÍÅ <option>max-child</option>, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÙ
	      Ä×Á ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ, ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÏÔ
	      ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ.
	      <option>max-connections-per-ip-per-minute</option> ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ
	      ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÏÔ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÍÉÎÕÔÙ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
	      ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÒÁ×ÎÏÅ ÄÅÓÑÔÉ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÔØ
	      ÌÀÂÏÊ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÎÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÅÓÑÔÉ ÐÏÐÙÔÏË ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
	      Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÕ × ÍÉÎÕÔÕ.  ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	      <option>max-child-per-ip</option> ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï
	      ÄÏÞÅÒÎÉÈ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ
	      ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.
	      üÔÉ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ
	      ÎÁÍÅÒÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÎÁÍÅÒÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÓÈÏÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× É ÁÔÁË ÔÉÐÁ
	      Denial of Service (DoS) ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ.</para>

	    <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÏÌÅ ÏÄÎÏ ÉÚ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ <option>wait</option>
	      ÉÌÉ <option>nowait</option>
	      ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙ.  <option>max-child</option>,
	      <option>max-connections-per-ip-per-minute</option> É
	      <option>max-child-per-ip</option>
	      ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙ.</para>

	    <para>íÎÏÇÏÐÏÔÏÞÎÙÊ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÔÉÐÁ stream ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ
	      <option>max-child</option>,
	      <option>max-connections-per-ip-per-minute</option> ÉÌÉ
	      <option>max-child-per-ip</option> ÂÕÄÅÔ
	      ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ËÁË <literal>nowait</literal>.</para>

	    <para>ôÏÔ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ Ó ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅÍ × ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍ ÄÅÓÑÔØ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ×
	      ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎ ÔÁË: <literal>nowait/10</literal>.</para>

	    <para>ôÁ ÖÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ Ó ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅÍ × Ä×ÁÄÃÁÔØ
	      ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ × ÍÉÎÕÔÕ É ÏÂÝÉÍ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅÍ × ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍ
	      ÄÅÓÑÔØ ÐÏÒÏÖÄÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ× ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÔÁË:
	      <literal>nowait/10/20</literal>.</para>

	    <para>üÔÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ×ÓÅ ÓÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	      ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ &man.fingerd.8;, ÉÍÅÀÔ ÔÁËÏÊ
	      ×ÉÄ:</para>

	    <programlisting>finger stream  tcp     nowait/3/10 nobody /usr/libexec/fingerd fingerd -s</programlisting>

	    <para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ 100 ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ×
	      × ÃÅÌÏÍ, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÐÏ 5 ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ,
	      ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÔÁË:
	      <literal>nowait/100/0/5</literal>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>user</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>üÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÏÄ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
	      ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ.  þÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ
	      ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>root</username>.  äÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ
	      ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
	      <username>daemon</username> ÉÌÉ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ Ó ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍÉ
	      ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ <username>nobody</username>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>server-program</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ Ë ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÐÒÉ
	      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.  åÓÌÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏÍ,
	      ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÍ ÓÁÍÉÍ <application>inetd</application>, ÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ
	      ÚÁÄÁÔØ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÏÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï <option>internal</option>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>server-program-arguments</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
	      <option>server-program</option>, ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó
	      <literal>argv[0]</literal>, ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ.
	      åÓÌÉ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ
	      ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÚÁÄÁÎÏ <command>mydaemon -d</command>, ÔÏ
	      <literal>mydaemon -d</literal> ÂÕÄÅÔ Ñ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÄÌÑ
	      <option>server-program-arguments</option>.  é ÓÎÏ×Á, ÅÓÌÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ
	      Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÊ ÓÌÕÖÂÏÊ, ÔÏ ÚÄÅÓØ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	      <option>internal</option>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-inetd-security">
      <title>âÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ</title>

      <para>÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×,
	ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÓÌÕÖÂ <application>inetd</application> ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ
	ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ.  åÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÏÓÏÂÏÊ ÎÕÖÄÙ × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÅ,
	ÐÏÄÕÍÁÊÔÅ, ÎÅ ÓÔÏÉÔ ÌÉ ÅÇÏ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ?
	ðÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÚÎÁË <quote>#</quote> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÅÎÕÖÎÙÍ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ
	× <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>
	É <link linkend="network-inetd-reread">ÐÏÛÌÉÔÅ ÓÉÇÎÁÌ ÄÌÑ inetd</link>.
	îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË <application>fingerd</application>,
	×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÎÅÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÙ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÄÁÀÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ÁÔÁËÕÀÝÅÍÕ.</para>

      <para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÙ ÎÅ ÚÁÂÏÔÑÔÓÑ Ï ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÍÅÀÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ
	ÔÁÊÍ-ÁÕÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÉÌÉ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÉÈ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
	ÁÔÁËÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÎÅÓÐÅÛÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ë ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÍÕ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ,
	ÉÓÔÏÝÁÑ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ.  íÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÄÌÑ
	ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ× ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ
	<option>max-connections-per-ip-per-minute</option>,
	<option>max-child</option> É <option>max-child-per-ip</option>,
	ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ.</para>

      <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ TCP wrapping ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
	ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ &man.hosts.access.5; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ
	ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÚÁÄÁÎÉÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ TCP ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ×,
	ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ <application>inetd</application>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-inetd-misc">
      <title>òÁÚÎÏÅ</title>

      <para><application>daytime</application>,
	<application>time</application>,
	<application>echo</application>,
	<application>discard</application>,
	<application>chargen</application> É
	<application>auth</application> ×ÓÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÕÓÌÕÇÁÍÉ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÍÉ
	ÓÁÍÉÍ <application>inetd</application>.</para>

      <para>óÅÒ×ÉÓ <application>auth</application> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÕÓÌÕÇÉ
	É ÐÏÄÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ; ÐÒÏÞÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÎÅÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÍÙ.</para>

      <para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ &man.inetd.8; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
	ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-nfs">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	  <contrib>òÅÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÑ É ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>

      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Bill</firstname>
	  <surname>Swingle</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>Network File System (NFS)</title>

    <indexterm><primary>NFS</primary></indexterm>
    <para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÒÏÞÉÈ ÔÉÐÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ×Ï FreeBSD
      ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (Network File System),
      ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÊ ËÁË <acronym role="Network
      File System">NFS</acronym>.  <acronym role="Network File
      System">NFS</acronym> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍÉ,
      ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÓÅÔÉ.  ðÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ <acronym role="Network File
      System">NFS</acronym> ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ É
      ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁË
      ÖÅ, ËÁË ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÁÈ.</para>

    <para>÷ÏÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÈ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÁ£Ô
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <acronym>NFS</acronym>:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ïÔÄÅÌØÎÏ ×ÚÑÔÙÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÅ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
	  ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ÔÁË ËÁË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	  ÈÒÁÎÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ É ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
	  ÍÁÛÉÎ × ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ, ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ
	  ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  äÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	  ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ <acronym>NFS</acronym> É ÉÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
	  ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÏÔÏ×ÓÀÄÕ × ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÙ
	  CD-ROM É ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á &iomegazip;, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍÉ ×
	  ÓÅÔÉ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÀ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÉÍÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ
	  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ × ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <sect2>
      <title>ëÁË ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ <acronym>NFS</acronym></title>

      <para><acronym>NFS</acronym> ÓÔÒÏÉÔÓÑ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÉÚ Ä×ÕÈ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ
	ÞÁÓÔÅÊ: ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ É ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×.  ëÌÉÅÎÔ
	ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÙÍ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ, × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ
	ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.  äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÌÏ, ÎÕÖÎÏ
	ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ É ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×.</para>

      <para>îÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÙ:</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>NFS</primary>
	<secondary>ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>ÆÁÊÌ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</primary>
	<secondary>UNIX ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><application>rpcbind</application></primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><application>mountd</application></primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><application>nfsd</application></primary>
      </indexterm>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <colspec colwidth="1*">
	  <colspec colwidth="3*">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>äÁÅÍÏÎ</entry>
	      <entry>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry><application>nfsd</application></entry>
	      <entry>äÁÅÍÏÎ <acronym>NFS</acronym>, ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÔ
		ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× <acronym>NFS</acronym>.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><application>mountd</application></entry>
	      <entry>äÁÅÍÏÎ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <acronym>NFS</acronym>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
		×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÅÍÕ ÏÔ &man.nfsd.8;.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><application>rpcbind</application></entry>
	      <entry>üÔÏÔ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ
		<acronym>NFS</acronym> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ
		<acronym>NFS</acronym>.</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <para>ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ
	<application>nfsiod</application>.  <application>nfsiod</application>
	ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÀÝÉÅ ÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
	<acronym>NFS</acronym>.  ïÎ ÎÅÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌÅÎ, Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ
	ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÊ É ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÅ
	ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.  äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
	ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ï &man.nfsiod.8;.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-configuring-nfs">
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ <acronym>NFS</acronym></title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>NFS</primary>
	<secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ <acronym>NFS</acronym> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÎÅÚÁÍÙÓÌÏ×ÁÔÙÍ
	ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ.  ÷ÓÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
	ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÊ ×
	×ÁÛÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>

      <para>ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ <acronym>NFS</acronym>-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>

      <programlisting>rpcbind_enable="YES"
nfs_server_enable="YES"
nfs_server_flags="-u -t -n 4"
mountd_flags="-r"</programlisting>

      <para><application>mountd</application> ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
	ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ <acronym>NFS</acronym>.</para>

      <para>îÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
	ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÁËÏÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ:</para>

      <programlisting>nfs_client_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/exports</filename> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ, ËÁËÉÅ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ <acronym>NFS</acronym> ÂÕÄÕÔ
	ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ (ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÉÈ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ <quote>ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍÉ</quote>).  ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ×
	<filename>/etc/exports</filename> ÚÁÄÁ£Ô ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ É ËÁËÉÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ë ÎÅÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ.  ëÒÏÍÅ
	ÍÁÛÉÎ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ×ÌÉÑÀÝÉÅ ÎÁ
	ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.  éÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ, ÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ ÐÏÊÄ£Ô ÒÅÞØ ÌÉÛØ Ï ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÚ
	ÎÉÈ.  ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏ &man.exports.5;.</para>

      <para>÷ÏÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÙÈ ÓÔÒÏË ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/etc/exports</filename>:</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>NFS</primary>
	<secondary>ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÈ ÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÏÂÝÁÑ ÉÄÅÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÈÏÔÑ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ ×
	ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÊ É ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÓÅÔÉ.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/cdrom</filename> ÄÌÑ ÔÒ£È ÍÁÛÉÎ,
	ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÈÓÑ × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÅ, ÞÔÏ É ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ (ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
	ÄÏÍÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ) ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ×
	ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>.  æÌÁÇ <option>-ro</option>
	ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ.  ó ÜÔÉÍ ÆÌÁÇÏÍ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ
	ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉËÏÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>

      <programlisting>/cdrom -ro host1 host2 host3</programlisting>

      <para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
	<filename>/home</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÔÒÅÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ,
	ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÍ ÐÏ ÉÈ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ.  üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÁÑ
	ÓÅÔØ ÂÅÚ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ <acronym>DNS</acronym>.  ëÁË ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ,
	ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ
	ÈÏÓÔÏ×; ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÏ &man.hosts.5;
	ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.  æÌÁÇ
	<option>-alldirs</option> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ×
	ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏÞÅË ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ÎÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÉÌÉ ÎÕÖÎÙ.</para>

      <programlisting>/home  -alldirs  10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.4</programlisting>

      <para>÷ ÓÔÒÏËÅ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£ÎÎÏÊ ÎÉÖÅ, ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
	<filename>/a</filename> ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ
	Ä×ÕÍ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ ÉÚ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÄÏÍÅÎÏ×.  ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<option>-maproot=root</option> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ
	<username>root</username> ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÎÁ
	ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
	<username>root</username>.  åÓÌÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<literal>-maproot=root</literal> ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÎ,
	ÔÏ ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ <username>root</username>
	ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÏÎ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</para>

      <programlisting>/a  -maproot=root  host.example.com box.example.org</programlisting>

      <para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÓÍÏÇ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÏÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ.  ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔ
	ÕËÁÚÁÎ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/exports</filename>.</para>

      <para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/exports</filename> ËÁÖÄÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
	ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ
	ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ ×ÚÑÔÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ.  õÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	ÏÄÉÎ ÒÁÚ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ
	ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÕ ÚÁÐÉÓØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÕÀ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ
	<filename>/usr</filename> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.
	óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ <filename>/etc/exports</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÅÎ:</para>

      <programlisting># Invalid when /usr is one file system
/usr/src   client
/usr/ports client</programlisting>

      <para>ïÄÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, <filename>/usr</filename>, ÉÍÅÅÔ Ä×Å
	ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÚÁÄÁÀÝÉÅ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ É ÔÏÇÏ ÖÅ ÈÏÓÔÁ,
	<hostid>client</hostid>.  ðÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÔÁËÏ×:</para>

      <programlisting>/usr/src /usr/ports  client</programlisting>

      <para>ó×ÏÊÓÔ×Á ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ
	ÈÏÓÔÕ, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ.  óÔÒÏËÉ ÂÅÚ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ
	×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ ËÁË ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ.  üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÜÔÏ ÎÅ
	ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ.</para>

      <para>îÉÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅģΠÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÇÏ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÇÄÅ
	<filename>/usr</filename> É <filename>/exports</filename> Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ
	ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ:</para>

      <programlisting># üËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍ src É ports ÄÌÑ client01 É client02, ÎÏ
# ÔÏÌØËÏ client01 ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÒÁ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ root ÎÁ ÎÉÈ
/usr/src /usr/ports -maproot=root    client01
/usr/src /usr/ports	       client02
# ëÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ root É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×Ó£ ×
# ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ /exports.  ëÔÏ ÕÇÏÄÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ /exports/obj × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ
/exports -alldirs -maproot=root      client01 client02
/exports/obj -ro</programlisting>

      <para>äÁÅÍÏÎ <application>mountd</application> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
	ÐÒÏÉÎÆÏÒÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎ Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>/etc/exports</filename>,
	ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÔÕÐÉÌÉ × ÓÉÌÕ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔÏ ÐÏÓÙÌËÏÊ
	ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ HUP ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ <command>mountd</command>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid`</userinput></screen>

      <para>ÉÌÉ ×ÙÚÏ×ÏÍ ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ <command>mountd</command> ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &man.rc.8;
        Ó ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/mountd onereload</userinput></screen>

      <para>úÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× rc.d ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
	<xref linkend="configtuning-rcd">.</para>

      <para>ëÁË ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ, ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ FreeBSD ×Ó£ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.
	èÏÔÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ×Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ.  ÷ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ <username>root</username> ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔ ×Ó£, ÞÔÏ
	ÎÕÖÎÏ.</para>

      <para>îÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ <acronym>NFS</acronym>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rpcbind</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>nfsd -u -t -n 4</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mountd -r</userinput></screen>

      <para>îÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ <acronym>NFS</acronym>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>nfsiod -n 4</userinput></screen>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ó£ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÇÏÔÏ×Ï Ë ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  ÷ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÏÓÉÔØ ÉÍÑ
	<hostid>server</hostid>, Á ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÏÓÉÔØ ÉÍÑ
	<hostid>client</hostid>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÔÏÌØËÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
	×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÉÌÉ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ
	ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÛÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ, ÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ
	ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÍÙÍ ÚÄÅÓØ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÑ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>root</username> ÎÁ
	ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ:</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>NFS</primary>
	<secondary>ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount server:/home /mnt</userinput></screen>

      <para>ðÏ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ <filename>/home</filename> ÎÁ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/mnt</filename> ÎÁ
	ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ó£ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
	<filename>/mnt</filename> ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ É Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÅÓÑ ÎÁ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ.</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÒÉ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ×
	<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.  ÷ÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

      <programlisting>server:/home	  /mnt	  nfs	  rw	  0	  0</programlisting>

      <para>îÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏ &man.fstab.5; ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ
	ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>âÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×</title>

      <para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <application>mutt</application>)
	ÄÌÑ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
	(file locking).  ðÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÐÏ <acronym>NFS</acronym> ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÁ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÄÅÍÏÎÁ
	<application>rpc.lockd</application>.  þÔÏÂÙ ÅÇÏ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ËÁË
	ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ, ÔÁË É ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ <acronym>NFS</acronym> (ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ,
	ÞÔÏ É ËÌÉÅÎÔ, É ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÕÖÅ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ):</para>

      <programlisting>rpc_lockd_enable="YES"
rpc_statd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÄÅÍÏÎÙ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ× ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/lockd start</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/statd start</userinput></screen>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÊ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ <acronym>NFS</acronym> É ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍÉ, ÔÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔ
	<acronym>NFS</acronym> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ
	ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏ, ÄÌÑ ÞÅÇÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ
	<option>-L</option> ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.mount.nfs.8;.  úÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ
	ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.mount.nfs.8;.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</title>

      <para>õ <acronym>NFS</acronym> ÅÓÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏ× ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ
	ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.  îÉÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁΣÎÎÙÈ
	ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× Å£ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ:</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>NFS</primary>
	<secondary>ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÁÛÉÎ ÄÌÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ CDROM
	    ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ.  üÔÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÛ£×ÙÊ É ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÕÄÏÂÎÙÊ
	    ÓÐÏÓÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÁÛÉÎ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÕÄÏÂÎÙÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ
	    ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌØÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ <acronym>NFS</acronym>, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ
	    ×ÓÅ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.  üÔÉ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	    ÚÁÔÅÍ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ÓÅÔØ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	    ÉÍÅÔØ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ×ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÁ
	    ËÁËÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ ÏÎÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÁÛÉÎ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÏÂÝÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
	    <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>.  ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ËÏÇÄÁ
	    ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÁÛÉÎ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ
	    ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍ ÂÅÚ ÉÈ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
	    ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-amd">
      <sect2info>
	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>Wylie</firstname>
	    <surname>Stilwell</surname>
	    <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>

	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>Chern</firstname>
	    <surname>Lee</surname>
	    <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>
      </sect2info>

      <title>á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ó
	<application>amd</application></title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>amd</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ÄÁÅÍÏÎ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>&man.amd.8; (ÄÁÅÍÏÎ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
	ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ,
	ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ ÉÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÕ × ÜÔÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÙ
	ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÂÕÄÕÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ
  	<application>amd</application>.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	<application>amd</application> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÏÊ
	ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÍÕ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ÔÁË ËÁË × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×Ó£ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ
	ÂÙÔØ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.</para>

      <para><application>amd</application> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÓÁÍ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÑ ËÁË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
	NFS ÄÌÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× <filename>/host</filename> É
	<filename>/net</filename>.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ × ÏÄÎÏÍ
	ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, <application>amd</application> ÉÝÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ
	ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÅÓÕÒÓ ÄÌÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÅÇÏ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ.
	<filename>/net</filename> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ IP, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÁË ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
	<filename>/host</filename> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁ ÐÏ
	ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ.</para>

      <para>ïÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	<filename>/host/foobar/usr</filename> ÕËÁÖÅÔ
	<application>amd</application> ÎÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁ	<filename>/usr</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÈÏÓÔÅ
	<hostid>foobar</hostid>.</para>

      <example>
	<title>íÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
	  <application>amd</application></title>

	<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ
	  ÏÔÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>showmount</command>.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ,
	  ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ ÈÏÓÔÁ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ <hostid>foobar</hostid>, ×Ù
	  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>showmount -e foobar</userinput>
Exports list on foobar:
/usr			       10.10.10.0
/a				 10.10.10.0
&prompt.user; <userinput>cd /host/foobar/usr</userinput></screen>
      </example>

      <para>ëÁË ×ÉÄÎÏ ÉÚ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ, <command>showmount</command> ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ
	<filename>/usr</filename> ËÁË ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÒÅÓÕÒÓ.  ðÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÅ ×
	ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ	<filename>/host/foobar/usr</filename> ÄÁÅÍÏÎ
	<application>amd</application> ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ
	<hostid>foobar</hostid> É Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÙÊ
	ÒÅÓÕÒÓ.</para>

      <para><application>amd</application> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÉÚ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×
	ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>amd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ <application>amd</application> ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
	ÐÅÒÅÄÁÎÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÙÅ ÆÌÁÇÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<varname>amd_flags</varname>.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	<varname>amd_flags</varname> ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>

      <programlisting>amd_flags="-a /.amd_mnt -l syslog /host /etc/amd.map /net /etc/amd.map"</programlisting>

      <para>æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/amd.map</filename> ÚÁÄÁÅÔ ÏÐÃÉÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ
	ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÒÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×.  ÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/amd.conf</filename> ÚÁÄÁÎÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÂÏÌÅÅ
	ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ <application>amd</application>.</para>

      <para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÙÍ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÐÏ &man.amd.8; É &man.amd.conf.5;
	ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-nfs-integration">
      <sect2info>
	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>John</firstname>
	    <surname>Lind</surname>
	    <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>
      </sect2info>

      <title>ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ</title>

      <para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ PC Ó ÛÉÎÏÊ ISA ÉÍÅÀÔ
	ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÙÍ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍ × ÓÅÔÉ, ×
	ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, Ó NFS.  üÔÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÎÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
	ÜÔÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÏÎÉ ÚÁÔÒÁÇÉ×ÁÀÔ.</para>

      <para>ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍ PC (FreeBSD) Ó ×ÙÓÏËÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÍÉ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑÍÉ,
	×ÙÐÕÝÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑÍÉ, ËÁË Silicon Graphics, Inc. É Sun
	Microsystems, Inc.  íÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ NFS ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
	ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ, ÎÏ
	ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÏËÁÖÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔ, ÈÏÔÑ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ Ë É
	ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÔØÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ.  ôÁËÏÅ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÅÔÓÑ
	Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ, ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔ
	ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ Ó FreeBSD ÉÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÅÊ.  ÷Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÐÒÉ
	×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÎÅÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ
	ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ.  åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ×ÙÈÏÄÏÍ ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÈÏÌÏÄÎÁÑ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ
	ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ Ó NFS ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÁ.</para>

      <para>èÏÔÑ <quote>ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÍ</quote> ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ
	ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ É ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ FreeBSD,
	ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ, ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÝÅÅ Ë ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁÍ.
	åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ FreeBSD Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <emphasis>ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ</emphasis>, ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-w=1024</option> ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ ÐÒÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ.  åÓÌÉ
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ FreeBSD Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <emphasis>ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ</emphasis>, ÔÏ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ NFS Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <option>-r=1024</option>.  üÔÉ
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎÙ × ÞÅÔ×ÅÒÔÏÍ ÐÏÌÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>fstab</filename> ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÐÒÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ,
	ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ <option>-o</option> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.mount.8; ÐÒÉ
	ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ.</para>

      <para>îÕÖÎÏ ÏÔÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÏ
	ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÍÁÑ ÚÁ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÕÀ ×ÙÛÅ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ É ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ NFS ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ
	× ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÔÏÔ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ,
	<emphasis>ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ</emphasis>, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÀÔ
	ÎÕÖÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ <acronym>UDP</acronym>, × ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×Ù
	ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ×Ù ÎÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÌÉ.</para>

      <para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÈ <hostid>fastws</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÈÏÓÔÁ
	(ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ) ×ÙÓÏËÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ, Á
	<hostid>freebox</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÈÏÓÔÁ (ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ) ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	FreeBSD ÓÏ ÓÌÁÂÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
	<filename>/sharedfs</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ Ñ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
	&man.exports.5;), Á <filename>/project</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÔÏÞËÏÊ
	ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ.  ÷ ÌÀÂÏÍ
	ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÏÔÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ
	ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË <option>hard</option>,
	<option>soft</option> ÉÌÉ <option>bg</option>.</para>

      <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD (<hostid>freebox</hostid>) ËÁË ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ
	× ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
	<hostid>freebox</hostid>:</para>

      <programlisting>fastws:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-r=1024 0 0</programlisting>

      <para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ, ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
	<hostid>freebox</hostid>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t nfs -o -r=1024 fastws:/sharedfs /project</userinput></screen>

      <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
	<hostid>fastws</hostid>:</para>

      <programlisting>freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-w=1024 0 0</programlisting>

      <para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ, ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
	<hostid>fastws</hostid>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t nfs -o -w=1024 freebox:/sharedfs /project</userinput></screen>

      <para>ðÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅ 16-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
	ÂÅÚ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ×ÙÛÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÌÏËÏ× ÐÒÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÉ É
	ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÅÔÓÑ, ÎÉÖÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ×
	ÐÒÉ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, É ÏÂßÑÓÎÑÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÅÅ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
	ÕÓÔÒÁÎÉÔØ.  ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, NFS ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó <quote>ÂÌÏËÁÍÉ</quote> ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ
	8&nbsp;ËÉÌÏÂÁÊÔ (ÈÏÔÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÍÅÎØÛÉÅ
	ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ).  ôÁË, ÐÁËÅÔ Ethernet ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÏËÏÌÏ
	1500&nbsp;ÂÁÊÔ, ÔÏ
	<quote>ÂÌÏË</quote> NFS ÒÁÚÂÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× Ethernet, ÈÏÔÑ
	ÎÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÏÍ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÅÄÉÎÙÊ ÂÌÏË, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
	ÐÒÉÎÑÔ, ÓÏÂÒÁÎ É <emphasis>ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎ</emphasis> ËÁË ÏÄÉÎ ÂÌÏË.
	÷ÙÓÏËÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÅ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÂÌÏËÕ NFS, ÓÒÁÚÕ ÄÒÕÇ ÚÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÜÔÏ
	ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ.  îÁ ÓÌÁÂÙÈ, ÎÉÚËÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ
	ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÐÒÉÛÅÄÛÉÅ ÐÏÚÖÅ, ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÐÒÉÛÅÄÛÉÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×
	ÔÏÇÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÂÌÏËÁ ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÎÙ ÈÏÓÔÕ É
	ÂÌÏË ËÁË ÅÄÉÎÏÅ ÃÅÌÏÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÂÒÁÎ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎ.  ÷
	ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑ ×ÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÀ ÔÁÊÍ-ÁÕÔÁ É ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ
	ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÕ, ÎÏ ÕÖÅ Ó ÐÏÌÎÙÍ ÂÌÏËÏÍ × 8&nbsp;ëâ, É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÑÔØÓÑ ÓÎÏ×Á, ÄÏ ÂÅÓËÏÎÅÞÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>

      <para>úÁÄÁ× ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÌÏËÁ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÐÁËÅÔÁ Ethernet, ÍÙ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÍ
	ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ Ethernet ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
	ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎ ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÏ, É ÉÚÂÅÖÉÍ ÔÕÐÉËÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÀ.</para>

      <para>îÁÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ
	×ÙÓÏËÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÅ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ ÓÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÀÔ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ PC-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ,
	ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÎÙÍÉ
	ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍÉ Ó <quote>ÂÌÏËÁÍÉ</quote> NFS.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÎÁÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ,
	ÚÁÔÒÏÎÕÔÙÅ ÂÌÏËÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÎÙ ÓÎÏ×Á, É ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÙ, ÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ É ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÙ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-nis">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Bill</firstname>
	  <surname>Swingle</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>

      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Eric</firstname>
	  <surname>Ogren</surname>
	  <contrib>÷Î£Ó ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ </contrib>
	</author>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Udo</firstname>
	  <surname>Erdelhoff</surname>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>Network Information System (NIS/YP)</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>þÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ?</title>

      <indexterm><primary>NIS</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Solaris</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>HP-UX</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>AIX</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Linux</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>NetBSD</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>OpenBSD</primary></indexterm>

      <para><acronym role="Network Information System">NIS</acronym>,
	ÞÔÏ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÔ Network Information Services
	(óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ óÌÕÖÂÙ), ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÙ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÅÊ
	Sun Microsystems ÄÌÑ ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ &unix;
	(ÉÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ &sunos;).  ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÜÔÉ ÓÌÕÖÂÙ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÔÁÌÉ
	ÐÒÏÍÙÛÌÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÏÍ; ×ÓÅ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ &unix;-ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
	(&solaris;, HP-UX, &aix;, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, FreeBSD É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ)
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ <acronym role="Network Information
	System">NIS</acronym>.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>yellow pages</primary>
	<see>NIS</see>
      </indexterm>

      <para><acronym role="Network Information System">NIS</acronym>
	ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÌÉÓØ Yellow Pages (ÉÌÉ yp), ÎÏ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
	ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÍ ÚÎÁËÏÍ Sun ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ.  óÔÁÒÏÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ
	(É yp) ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÕÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÅÔÓÑ.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>NIS</primary>
	<secondary>ÄÏÍÅÎÙ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>üÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔ/ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× RPC, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
	ÇÒÕÐÐÅ ÍÁÛÉÎ × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÅ NIS ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÝÉÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.  óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ
	ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ NIS ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ, Á
	ÚÁÔÅÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ, ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ É ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÉÚ
	ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ.</para>

      <indexterm><primary>Windows NT</primary></indexterm>

      <para>üÔÏ ÐÏÈÏÖÅ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÏÍÅÎÏ× &windowsnt;; ÈÏÔÑ ÉÈ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÅ
	ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÎÅ ÔÁË ÕÖ É ÐÏÈÏÖÉ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÍÙ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ôÅÒÍÉÎÙ/ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÎÁÔØ</title>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÏ× É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÎÕÖÎÙ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
	ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ NIS ×Ï FreeBSD, É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, É
	× ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ NIS:</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary><application>rpcbind</application></primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
	<primary><application>portmap</application></primary>
      </indexterm>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
 	<tgroup cols="2">
	<colspec colwidth="1*">
	<colspec colwidth="3*">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>ôÅÒÍÉÎ</entry>
	      <entry>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>éÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS</entry>

	      <entry>çÌÁ×ÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS É ×ÓÅ ÅÇÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ (×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ
		ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ), ÉÍÅÀÔ ÄÏÍÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ NIS.  ëÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
		ÄÏÍÅÎÁ &windowsnt;, ÉÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS ÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÏÂÝÅÇÏ Ó
		DNS.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><application>rpcbind</application></entry>

	      <entry>äÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ RPC (Remote Procedure Call,
		õÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÷ÙÚÏ×Á ðÒÏÃÅÄÕÒ, ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ
		NIS), ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ <application>rpcbind</application>.
		åÓÌÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ <application>rpcbind</application> ÎÅ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ, ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
		ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS, ÉÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ËÁË
		NIS-ËÌÉÅÎÔ.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><application>ypbind</application></entry>

	      <entry><quote>ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÅÔ</quote>
		NIS-ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ Ó ÅÇÏ NIS-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ.  ïÎ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÉÍÑ NIS-ÄÏÍÅÎÁ
		ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, É ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ RPC ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ.
		<application>ypbind</application> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÏÊ ËÌÉÅÎÔ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÎÏÇÏ
		×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ × ÓÒÅÄÅ NIS; ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
		ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <application>ypbind</application> ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÎÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÔÏ
		ÜÔÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ NIS.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><application>ypserv</application></entry>

	      <entry>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <command>ypserv</command>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ
		ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ NIS: ÜÔÏ É ÅÓÔØ
		ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS.  åÓÌÉ &man.ypserv.8; ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÎÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÔÏ
		ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÔØ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ NIS (Ë ÓÞÁÓÔØÀ, ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ
		ÓÌÕÞÁÊ ÐÒÅÄÕÓÍÏÔÒÅÎ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ).  åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
		ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÊ NIS (Ë FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ), × ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÅ
		ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÐÙÔÏË ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ÒÁÎÅÅ
		ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÌ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.  úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
		ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ, ÐÏÍÏÇÁÀÝÉÍ × ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓË
		ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ (ÉÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ) ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ
		<application>ypbind</application> ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><application>rpc.yppasswdd</application></entry>

	      <entry>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <command>rpc.yppasswdd</command>, ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
		ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÈ NIS-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ:
		ÜÔÏ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ NIS ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ Ó×ÏÉ
		ÐÁÒÏÌÉ NIS.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÎÅ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ, ÔÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ
		ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS É ÔÁÍ ÍÅÎÑÔØ Ó×ÏÉ
		ÐÁÒÏÌÉ.</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <!-- XXX ïÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ: rpc.ypxfrd (ÈÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÎÏ) íÏÖÅÔ
	   ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ -->
    </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>ëÁË ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ?</title>

    <para>÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ NIS ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÔÉÐÁ ÈÏÓÔÏ×: ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ (master)
      ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ, ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ (slave) ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ É ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.  óÅÒ×ÅÒÙ
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔ ÒÏÌØ ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÈÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
      ÈÏÓÔÏ×.  ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÈÒÁÎÑÔ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌÙ ÜÔÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÁË
      ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÈÒÁÎÑÔ ÅÅ ËÏÐÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÚÂÙÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ.
      ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÉÍ ÜÔÕ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ.</para>

    <para>éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
      ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ.  æÁÊÌÙ <filename>master.passwd</filename>,
      <filename>group</filename> É <filename>hosts</filename> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ
      ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ NIS.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÍÕ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ,
      ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÁÑÓÑ × ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏ,
      ÔÏ ÏÎ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ NIS, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ.</para>

    <sect3>
      <title>ôÉÐÙ ÍÁÛÉÎ</title>

      <itemizedlist>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>NIS</primary>
	  <secondary>ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<listitem>
	  <para><emphasis>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS</emphasis>.
	    ôÁËÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ÐÏ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÉ Ó ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÙÍ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ
	    &windowsnt;, ÈÒÁÎÉÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ×ÓÅÍÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍÉ NIS.  æÁÊÌÙ
	    <filename>passwd</filename>, <filename>group</filename> É
	    ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍÉ NIS, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ
	    ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ.</para>

	  <note>
	    <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÄÌÑ
	      ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ÜÔÏÍ ××ÅÄÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÁÑ
	      ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ÎÅ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, É ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÍÁÓÛÔÁÂÎÏÅ
	      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ NIS.</para>
	  </note>
	</listitem>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>NIS</primary>
	  <secondary>×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<listitem>
	  <para><emphasis>÷ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ NIS</emphasis>.  ðÏÈÏÖÉÅ ÎÁ
	    ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ ÄÏÍÅÎÏ× &windowsnt;, ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ
	    NIS ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ËÏÐÉÉ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÁÎÎÙÈ NIS.	÷ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ
	    ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ NIS ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÀÔ ÉÚÂÙÔÏÞÎÏÓÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ × ËÒÉÔÉÞÎÙÈ
	    ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ.  ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÎÁ
	    ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ: ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ NIS ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ Ë ÔÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ
	    NIS, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÌ ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ, × ÔÏÍ ÞÉÓÌÅ É Ë ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÍ
	    ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>NIS</primary>
	  <secondary>ËÌÉÅÎÔ</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<listitem>
	  <para><emphasis>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ NIS</emphasis>.
	    ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ NIS, ËÁË É ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ &windowsnt;,
	    ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ NIS (ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÅ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ
	    &windowsnt; ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ &windowsnt;) ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
	    ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </sect3>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ NIS/YP</title>

    <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ NIS.</para>

    <sect3>
      <title>ðÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</title>

      <para>äÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÅÓØ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ × ÍÁÌÅÎØËÏÊ
	ÕÎÉ×ÅÒÓÉÔÅÔÓËÏÊ ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÉ.  ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ × ÜÔÏÊ ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÉ
	Ó 15 ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÅÄÉÎÁÑ ÔÏÞËÁ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ; ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
	ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> É
	<filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>.  üÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ
	ÄÒÕÇ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ; ÓÅÊÞÁÓ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÅ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÉ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	<command>adduser</command> ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ 15 ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ.	ðÏÎÑÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ
	ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ×ÅÝÅÊ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÒÅÛÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÓÔÉ
	ÓÅÔØ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ NIS, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ Ä×Å ÍÁÛÉÎÙ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×.</para>

      <para>éÔÁË, ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÉ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ
	ÔÁË:</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
      <tgroup cols="3">
      <thead>
	<row>
	  <entry>éÍÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ</entry>
	  <entry>IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ</entry>
	  <entry>òÏÌØ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ</entry>
	</row>
      </thead>

      <tbody>
	<row>
	  <entry><hostid>ellington</hostid></entry>
	  <entry><hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.2</hostid></entry>
	  <entry>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry><hostid>coltrane</hostid></entry>
	  <entry><hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.3</hostid></entry>
	  <entry>÷ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry><hostid>basie</hostid></entry>
	  <entry><hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.4</hostid></entry>
	  <entry>æÁËÕÌØÔÅÔÓËÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑ</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry><hostid>bird</hostid></entry>
	  <entry><hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.5</hostid></entry>
	  <entry>ëÌÉÅÎÔÓËÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry><hostid>cli[1-11]</hostid></entry>
	  <entry><hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.[6-17]</hostid></entry>
	  <entry>äÒÕÇÉÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ</entry>
	</row>
      </tbody>
      </tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÅ ÓÈÅÍÕ NIS ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚ, ÅÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ
	ÏÂÄÕÍÁÔØ.  ÷ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏ× ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
	ËÌÀÞÅ×ÙÈ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÐÒÉÎÑÔÉÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÊ.</para>

      <sect4>
	<title>÷ÙÂÏÒ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>NIS</primary>
	  <secondary>ÉÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<para>üÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ <quote>ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ</quote>, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ
	  ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ.  âÏÌÅÅ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <quote>ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
	  ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS</quote>.  ëÏÇÄÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÒÁÓÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÎÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ
	  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÏÎ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÎÉÈ ÉÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS, ÞÁÓÔØÀ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ
	  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ.  ôÁËÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ × ÓÅÔÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ,
	  ËÁËÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁ ËÁËÏÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÔØ.  äÕÍÁÊÔÅ Ï ÄÏÍÅÎÅ
	  NIS ËÁË Ï ÉÍÅÎÉ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÈÏÓÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÁËÉÍ-ÔÏ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ
	  Ó×ÑÚÁÎÙ.</para>

	<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÉÍÅÎÉ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ
	  Ó×ÏÊ ÄÏÍÅÎ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.	üÔÏ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ
	  ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ.	éÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS ÄÏÌÖÎÏ
	  ÂÙÔØ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ × ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÈ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ É ÈÏÒÏÛÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	  ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÍÁÛÉÎ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
	  ÈÕÄÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÏÔÄÅÌ × ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÉ Acme Inc. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ×
	  ÄÏÍÅÎÅ NIS Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ <quote>acme-art</quote>.  ÷ ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
	  ÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ×ÙÂÒÁÌÉ ÉÍÑ <literal>test-domain</literal>.</para>

	<indexterm><primary>SunOS</primary></indexterm>
	<para>îÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ÜÔÏ, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (× ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ,
	  &sunos;) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ Ó×ÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÉÍÅÎÉ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ
	  éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  åÓÌÉ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÍÁÛÉÎ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÔÁËÉÅ
	  ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ, ×Ù <emphasis>ÏÂÑÚÁÎÙ</emphasis> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÍÑ
	  ÄÏÍÅÎÁ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÉÍÅÎÉ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS.</para>
      </sect4>

      <sect4>
	<title>ôÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ</title>

	<para>åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÅÝÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ × ×ÉÄÕ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÂÏÒÅ
	  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS.  ïÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ
	  ÏÂÅÓËÕÒÁÖÉ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ×ÅÝØÀ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ NIS, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ
	  ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× ÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×.  åÓÌÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	  ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ Ó×ÏÅÇÏ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS, ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
	  ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.  ïÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÈ É ÇÒÕÐÐÁÈ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
	  ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.  úÎÁÑ ÜÔÏ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	  ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÇÁÔØÓÑ ÞÁÓÔÙÍ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁÍ É ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
	  ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ.  óÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS × ÉÄÅÁÌÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ ÓÔÏÑÝÅÊ
	  ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ, ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÃÅÌØÀ × ÖÉÚÎÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÙÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ
	  NIS.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ × ÓÅÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÅ ÔÁË ÕÖ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÁ,
	  ÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ É
	  ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÉÍÅÊÔÅ × ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS
	  ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍ, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÇÁÔÉ×ÎÏ ÏÔÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ
	  <emphasis>×ÓÅÈ</emphasis> ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÈ NIS.</para>
      </sect4>
    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>óÅÒ×ÅÒÙ NIS</title>

      <para>ïÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÐÉÉ ×ÓÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ NIS ÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ
	ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ NIS.  âÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ËÁÒÔÁÍÉ NIS.
	÷Ï FreeBSD ÜÔÉ ËÁÒÔÙ ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ ×
	<filename>/var/yp/[domainname]</filename>, ÇÄÅ
	<filename>[domainname]</filename> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
	ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS.  ïÄÉÎ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ
	ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÏÍÅÎÏ×, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÔÁËÉÈ
	ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ÐÏ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÄÏÍÅÎ.  ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÏÍÅÎ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ó×ÏÊ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÊ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÎÁÂÏÒ ËÁÒÔ.</para>

      <para>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ É ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ×ÓÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ NIS Ó
	ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ <command>ypserv</command>.  <command>ypserv</command>
	ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÚÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÏÔ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× NIS,
	ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ×ÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ É ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ × ÐÕÔØ Ë
	ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÉÚ
	ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ.</para>

      <sect4>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>NIS</primary>
	  <secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
	  ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ.  ÷ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ FreeBSD
	  ÓÒÁÚÕ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ NIS.  ÷ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ, ÜÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, Á
	  FreeBSD ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÚÁ ×ÁÓ ×Ó£ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÅ..</para>

	<procedure>
	  <step>
	    <para><programlisting>nisdomainname="test-domain"</programlisting>
	      ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÚÁÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	      <literal>test-domain</literal>, ÅÝÅ ÄÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÅÔÉ
	      (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ).</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para><programlisting>nis_server_enable="YES"</programlisting>
	      úÄÅÓØ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ FreeBSD ÎÁ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× NIS,
	      ËÏÇÄÁ ÄÅÌÏ ÄÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË.</para>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para><programlisting>nis_yppasswdd_enable="YES"</programlisting>
	      úÄÅÓØ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ
	      <command>rpc.yppasswdd</command>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÔÍÅÞÅÎÏ
	      ×ÙÛÅ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÍÅÎÑÔØ Ó×ÏÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ NIS Ó
	      ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>
	  </step>
	</procedure>

	<note>
	  <para>÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË NIS, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ
	    ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <link
	    linkend="network-nis-server-is-client">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ Ï ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ NIS,
	    ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ É ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍÉ NIS</link> ÎÉÖÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
	    ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
	</note>

	<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÙÛÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÔÒÏË, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	  <command>/etc/netstart</command>, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÑ ËÁË ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ.	ðÏ
	  ÎÅÊ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.
	  é ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÐÅÒÅÄ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ ËÁÒÔ NIS, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ
	  ÄÅÍÏÎ <application>ypserv</application>:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/ypserv start</userinput></screen>
      </sect4>

      <sect4>
	<title>éÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ËÁÒÔ NIS</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>NIS</primary>
	  <secondary>ËÁÒÔÙ</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<para><emphasis>ëÁÒÔÙ NIS</emphasis> Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ,
	  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/var/yp</filename>.
	  ïÎÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÈÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	  <filename>/etc</filename> ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS, ÚÁ ÏÄÎÉÍ
	  ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ: ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>.
	  îÁ ÜÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ×ÅÓÏÍÁÑ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁ, ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <username>root</username> É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÁ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ × ÄÏÍÅÎÅ NIS.  ðÏ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ
	  ÞÅÍ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁÒÔÙ NIS, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÏÔ ÞÔÏ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp /etc/master.passwd /var/yp/master.passwd</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /var/yp</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>vi master.passwd</userinput></screen>

	<para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ (<username>bin</username>, <username>tty</username>,
	  <username>kmem</username>, <username>games</username> É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ), Á
	  ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÔØ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ NIS
	  (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <username>root</username> É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ Ó UID,
	  ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 0 (ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÙ)).</para>

	<note>
	  <para>ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÆÁÊÌ
	    <filename>/var/yp/master.passwd</filename> ÂÙÌ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÄÌÑ
	    ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÎÉ ÄÌÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, ÎÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ (ÒÅÖÉÍ
	    ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ 600)!  ÷ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>chmod</command>,
	    ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ.</para>
	</note>

	<indexterm><primary>Tru64 UNIX</primary></indexterm>
	<para>ëÏÇÄÁ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏËÏÎÞÅÎÏ, ÓÁÍÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ËÁÒÔÙ NIS!  ÷ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ FreeBSD ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÓËÒÉÐÔ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
	  <command>ypinit</command>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÅÇÏ
	  ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÚÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ).  ïÔÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
	  ÜÔÏÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ &unix;, ÎÏ ÎÅ
	  ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ.  ÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Digital Unix/Compaq Tru64 UNIX ÏÎ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	  <command>ypsetup</command>.  ôÁË ËÁË ÍÙ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍ ËÁÒÔÙ ÄÌÑ
	  ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS, ÔÏ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÚÏ×Å ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
	  <command>ypinit</command> ÍÙ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÅÍ ÅÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	  <option>-m</option>.	äÌÑ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ ËÁÒÔ NIS × ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÉ, ÞÔÏ
	  ×Ù ÕÖÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÌÉ ÛÁÇÉ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ×ÙÛÅ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

	<screen>ellington&prompt.root; <userinput>ypinit -m test-domain</userinput>
Server Type: MASTER Domain: test-domain
Creating an YP server will require that you answer a few questions.
Questions will all be asked at the beginning of the procedure.
Do you want this procedure to quit on non-fatal errors? [y/n: n] <userinput>n</userinput>
Ok, please remember to go back and redo manually whatever fails.
If you don't, something might not work.
At this point, we have to construct a list of this domains YP servers.
rod.darktech.org is already known as master server.
Please continue to add any slave servers, one per line. When you are
done with the list, type a &lt;control D&gt;.
master server	:  ellington
next host to add:  <userinput>coltrane</userinput>
next host to add:  <userinput>^D</userinput>
The current list of NIS servers looks like this:
ellington
coltrane
Is this correct?  [y/n: y] <userinput>y</userinput>

[..×Ù×ÏÄ ÐÒÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ ËÁÒÔ..]

NIS Map update completed.
ellington has been setup as an YP master server without any errors.</screen>

	<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <command>ypinit</command> ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
	  <filename>/var/yp/Makefile</filename> ÉÚ
	  <filename>/var/yp/Makefile.dist</filename>.  ðÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ
	  ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ × ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÉ Ó ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
	  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ NIS É ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍÉ FreeBSD.  ôÁË ËÁË × ÄÏÍÅÎÅ
	  <literal>test-domain</literal> ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ É ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ,
	  ÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
	  <filename>/var/yp/Makefile</filename>:</para>

	<screen>ellington&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /var/yp/Makefile</userinput></screen>

	<para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ</para>

	<programlisting>NOPUSH = "True"</programlisting>

	<para>(ÏÎÁ ÕÖÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÓËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ).</para>
      </sect4>

      <sect4>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>NIS</primary>
	  <secondary>×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÝ£ ÐÒÏÝÅ,
	  ÞÅÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.  ÷ÏÊÄÉÔÅ ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ É
	  ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ,
	  ËÁË ×Ù ÄÅÌÁÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÎÅÅ.  åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ
	  ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ <command>ypinit</command> ÍÙ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ <option>-s</option>.  ðÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ
	  <option>-s</option> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
	  NIS, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÎÁÛÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÔÁË:</para>

	<screen>coltrane&prompt.root; <userinput>ypinit -s ellington test-domain</userinput>

Server Type: SLAVE Domain: test-domain Master: ellington

Creating an YP server will require that you answer a few questions.
Questions will all be asked at the beginning of the procedure.

Do you want this procedure to quit on non-fatal errors? [y/n: n]  <userinput>n</userinput>

Ok, please remember to go back and redo manually whatever fails.
If you don't, something might not work.
There will be no further questions. The remainder of the procedure
should take a few minutes, to copy the databases from ellington.
Transferring netgroup...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring netgroup.byuser...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring netgroup.byhost...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring master.passwd.byuid...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring passwd.byuid...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring passwd.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring group.bygid...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring group.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring services.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring rpc.bynumber...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring rpc.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring protocols.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring master.passwd.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring networks.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring networks.byaddr...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring netid.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring hosts.byaddr...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring protocols.bynumber...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring ypservers...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring hosts.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred

coltrane has been setup as an YP slave server without any errors.
Don't forget to update map ypservers on ellington.</screen>

	<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ Õ ×ÁÓ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
	  <filename>/var/yp/test-domain</filename>.  ëÏÐÉÉ ËÁÒÔ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÇÏ
	  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ × ÜÔÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ.  ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ,
	  ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ.  óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ×
	  <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
	  ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ:</para>

	<programlisting>20	*	*	*	*	root   /usr/libexec/ypxfr passwd.byname
21	*	*	*	*	root   /usr/libexec/ypxfr passwd.byuid</programlisting>

	<para>üÔÉ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	  Ó×ÏÉ ËÁÒÔÙ Ó ËÁÒÔÁÍÉ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.  üÔÉ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ
	  ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ
	  ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍ ×ÓÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Ó×ÏÉÈ ËÁÒÔÁÈ NIS.
	  ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÑ ×ÁÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÐÁÒÏÌÑÈ ÄÌÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×,
	  ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÝÉÈ ÏÔ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÞÁÓÔÙÅ
	  ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ËÁÒÔ Ó ÐÁÒÏÌÑÍÉ.  üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ×ÁÖÎÏ × ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ
	  ÓÅÔÑÈ, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ËÁÒÔ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÔØÓÑ
	  ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ.</para>

	<para>á ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	  <command>/etc/netstart</command> ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ, ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
	  ÓÎÏ×Á ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS.</para>
      </sect4>
    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ NIS</title>

      <para>ëÌÉÅÎÔ NIS ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÕÀ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ Ë ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÍÕ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ NIS ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ <command>ypbind</command>.
	<command>ypbind</command> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÄÏÍÅÎ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
	ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ (ÔÏÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
	<command>domainname</command>), É ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÕ
	ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× RPC × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.	÷ ÜÔÉÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁÈ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ÉÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ,
	Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ <command>ypbind</command> ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÉÔØ
	ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ.  åÓÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ
	ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ, ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ, ÏÎ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔ
	<command>ypbind</command>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ, × Ó×ÏÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÚÁÐÏÍÎÉÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.  åÓÌÉ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÊ É
	ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÈ), ÔÏ <command>ypbind</command> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉ×ÛÅÇÏ.  ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó×ÏÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ NIS ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.  ÷ÒÅÍÑ ÏÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ
	<command>ypbind</command> ÂÕÄÅÔ <quote>ÐÉÎÁÔØ</quote> ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ
	ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ.
	åÓÌÉ ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÅ ÕÄÁÓÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÚÁ
	ÒÁÚÕÍÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÔÏ <command>ypbind</command> ÐÏÍÅÔÉÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏÍÅÎ ËÁË
	ÄÏÍÅÎ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ Ó×ÑÚËÁ ÒÁÚÏÒ×ÁÎÁ, É ÓÎÏ×Á ÎÁÞÎÅÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ
	ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× × ÎÁÄÅÖÄÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.</para>

      <sect4>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ NIS</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>NIS</primary>
	  <secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ NIS ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
	  ÐÒÏÓÔÁ.</para>

	<procedure>
	  <step>
	    <para>ïÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>,
	      ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÔÕÄÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ
	      NIS É ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ <command>ypbind</command> ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
	      ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÓÌÕÖÂ:</para>

	    <programlisting>nisdomainname="test-domain"
nis_client_enable="YES"</programlisting>
	  </step>

	  <step>
	    <para>äÌÑ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ÕÞ£ÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
	      NIS, ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	      <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename> É ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ
	      ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>vipw</command> ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
	      × ËÏÎÅÃ ÆÁÊÌÁ:</para>

	    <programlisting>+:::::::::</programlisting>

	    <note>
	      <para>üÔÁ ÓÔÒÏÞËÁ ÄÁÓÔ ×ÓÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ Ó ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ
		ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ × ËÁÒÔÁÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÂÁÚ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÜÔÏÊ
		ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  åÓÔØ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ×ÁÛ ËÌÉÅÎÔ NIS,
		ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÜÔÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ.  ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÎÉÖÅ ÔÅËÓÔ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ <link
		linkend="network-netgroups">ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ</link>, ÞÔÏÂÙ
		ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
		ÄÌÑ ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÎÉÇÅ ÉÚÄÁÔÅÌØÓÔ×Á O'Reilly ÐÏÄ
		ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅÍ <literal>Managing NFS and NIS</literal>.</para>
	    </note>

	    <note>
	      <para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÈÏÔÑ ÂÙ ÏÄÎÕ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ
		ÎÅ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ NIS) × ×ÁÛÅÍ
		<filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename> É ÜÔÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ
		ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÞÌÅÎÏÍ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ <groupname>wheel</groupname>.  åÓÌÉ
		Ó NIS ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÉÔÓÑ, ÜÔÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ
		ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ × ÒÅÖÉÍ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ É
		ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÉÓÐÒÁ×ÎÏÓÔÅÊ.</para>
	      </note>
	    </step>

	    <step>
	      <para>äÌÑ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ Ï ÇÒÕÐÐÁÈ Ó
		ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × ×ÁÛ ÆÁÊÌ
		<filename>/etc/group</filename> ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ:</para>

	      <programlisting>+:*::</programlisting>
	    </step>
	  </procedure>

	  <para>äÌÑ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ NIS ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	    ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <username>root</username>:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/netstart</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/ypbind start</userinput></screen>

	  <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÛÁÇÏ× Õ ×ÁÓ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ
	    ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>ypcat passwd</command> É Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ
	    ËÁÒÔÕ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>âÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ NIS</title>

    <para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ-ÔÏ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÚÎÁÑ ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ, ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ RPC Ë &man.ypserv.8; É ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ×ÁÛÉÈ ËÁÒÔ
      NIS.  äÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏÒÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÍÅÎÁ &man.ypserv.8;
      ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ <quote>securenets</quote>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ
      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÅ ÈÏÓÔÏ×.  ðÒÉ
      ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ &man.ypserv.8; ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÕÀÓÑ
      securenets, ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>/var/yp/securenets</filename>.</para>

    <note>
      <para>éÍÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ
	<option>-p</option>.  üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÓÏÓÔÏÑÝÉÅ ÉÚ
	ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÉ É ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÁÓËÉ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÏÍ.  óÔÒÏÞËÉ,
	ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÓÏ ÚÎÁËÁ <quote>#</quote>, ÓÞÉÔÁÀÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑÍÉ.
	ðÒÉÍÅÒÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ securenets ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ×ÉÄ:</para>
    </note>

    <programlisting># allow connections from local host -- mandatory
127.0.0.1     255.255.255.255
# allow connections from any host
# on the 192.168.128.0 network
192.168.128.0 255.255.255.0
# allow connections from any host
# between 10.0.0.0 to 10.0.15.255
# this includes the machines in the testlab
10.0.0.0      255.255.240.0</programlisting>

    <para>åÓÌÉ &man.ypserv.8; ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÏÔ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
      ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ, ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ.
      åÓÌÉ ÖÅ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÐÁÄÁÅÔ ÎÉ ÐÏÄ ÏÄÎÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ
      ÐÒÏÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ É × ÖÕÒÎÁÌ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÁÀÝÅÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ.  åÓÌÉ
      ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/var/yp/securenets</filename> ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ,
      <command>ypserv</command> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÏÔ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ
      ÈÏÓÔÁ.</para>

    <para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <command>ypserv</command> ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
      <application>TCP Wrapper</application> ÏÔ Wietse Venema.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
      ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÄÌÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
      <filename>/var/yp/securenets</filename> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ
      ÆÁÊÌÙ <application>TCP Wrapper</application>.</para>

    <note>
      <para>èÏÔÑ ÏÂÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÀÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ
	ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ, ÏÎÉ, ËÁË ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÅ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ
	ÐÏÒÔÁ, ÏÂÁ ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÖÅÎÙ ÁÔÁËÁÍ ÔÉÐÁ <quote>IP spoofing</quote>.  ÷ÅÓØ
	ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÔÒÁÆÉË, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÊ Ó ÒÁÂÏÔÏÊ NIS, ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ×ÁÛÉÍ
	ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÏÍ.</para>

      <para>óÅÒ×ÅÒÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/var/yp/securenets</filename>,
	ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× NIS Ó ÄÒÅ×ÎÅÊ
	ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ TCP/IP.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÊ ÐÒÉ
	ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÅ ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔ ×ÓÅ ÂÉÔÙ ÍÁÛÉÎÎÏÊ
	ÞÁÓÔÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ × ÎÏÌØ É/ÉÌÉ ÎÅ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÍÁÓËÕ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÉ
	×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ.  èÏÔÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ
	ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÒÅÛÅÎÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ, ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
	ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔËÁÚÕ ÏÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	<filename>/var/yp/securenets</filename>.</para>

      <para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <filename>/var/yp/securenets</filename> ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ
	Ó ÔÁËÏÊ ÁÒÈÁÉÞÎÏÊ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ TCP/IP Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÐÌÏÈÏÊ ÉÄÅÅÊ, É
	ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ NIS × ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ ×ÁÛÅÊ
	ÓÅÔÉ.</para>

      <indexterm><primary>TCP Wrapper</primary></indexterm>
      <para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÁ <application>TCP Wrapper</application> Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔ
	×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÔËÌÉËÁ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ ÔÁÊÍ-ÁÕÔÏ× × ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÈ
	ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÈ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ × ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ ÉÌÉ Ó ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ
	NIS.  åÓÌÉ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÛÉÈ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÓÔÒÁÄÁÀÔ ÏÔ ÔÁËÉÈ
	ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÁËÉÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ï ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ NIS É ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÈ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ Ë ÓÁÍÉÍ ÓÅÂÅ.</para>
    </note>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>úÁÐÒÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</title>

    <para>÷ ÎÁÛÅÊ ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÉ ÅÓÔØ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ <hostid>basie</hostid>, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
      ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÆÁËÕÌØÔÅÔÓËÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ
      ÓÔÁÎÃÉÅÊ.  íÙ ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÍ ÉÓËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÜÔÕ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ ÉÚ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
      ÆÁÊÌ <filename>passwd</filename> ÎÁ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ NIS ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
      ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ËÁË ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÎÉËÏ× ÆÁËÕÌØÔÅÔÁ, ÔÁË É ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÏ×.  þÔÏ ÍÙ
      ÍÏÖÅÍ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ?</para>

    <para>åÓÔØ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ×ÈÏÄ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ,
      ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ NIS.  þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ×ÁÍ
      ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ
      <literal>-<replaceable>username</replaceable></literal> × ËÏÎÅÃ ÆÁÊÌÁ
      <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename> ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ÇÄÅ
      <replaceable>username</replaceable> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ×ÈÏÄ.  òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
      ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ <command>vipw</command>, ÔÁË ËÁË <command>vipw</command>
      ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔ ×ÁÛÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>, Á
      ÔÁËÖÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÉÔ ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ ÐÏ ÏËÏÎÞÁÎÉÉ
      ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ÍÙ ÈÏÔÉÍ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ
      <username>bill</username> ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ×ÈÏÄ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
      <hostid>basie</hostid>, ÔÏ ÍÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

    <screen>basie&prompt.root; <userinput>vipw</userinput>
<userinput>[add -bill to the end, exit]</userinput>
vipw: rebuilding the database...
vipw: done

basie&prompt.root; <userinput>cat /etc/master.passwd</userinput>

root:[password]:0:0::0:0:The super-user:/root:/bin/csh
toor:[password]:0:0::0:0:The other super-user:/root:/bin/sh
daemon:*:1:1::0:0:Owner of many system processes:/root:/sbin/nologin
operator:*:2:5::0:0:System &:/:/sbin/nologin
bin:*:3:7::0:0:Binaries Commands and Source,,,:/:/sbin/nologin
tty:*:4:65533::0:0:Tty Sandbox:/:/sbin/nologin
kmem:*:5:65533::0:0:KMem Sandbox:/:/sbin/nologin
games:*:7:13::0:0:Games pseudo-user:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
news:*:8:8::0:0:News Subsystem:/:/sbin/nologin
man:*:9:9::0:0:Mister Man Pages:/usr/share/man:/sbin/nologin
bind:*:53:53::0:0:Bind Sandbox:/:/sbin/nologin
uucp:*:66:66::0:0:UUCP pseudo-user:/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/libexec/uucp/uucico
xten:*:67:67::0:0:X-10 daemon:/usr/local/xten:/sbin/nologin
pop:*:68:6::0:0:Post Office Owner:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
nobody:*:65534:65534::0:0:Unprivileged user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
+:::::::::
-bill

basie&prompt.root;</screen>
  </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-netgroups">
      <sect2info>
	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>Udo</firstname>
	    <surname>Erdelhoff</surname>
	    <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>
      </sect2info>

      <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ</title>
      <indexterm><primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ</primary></indexterm>

      <para>óÐÏÓÏÂ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ,
	ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÏÓÏÂÙÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ ÄÌÑ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÁÌÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÌÉ
	ÍÁÛÉÎ.	÷ ÂÏÌÅÅ ËÒÕÐÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ ×Ù <emphasis>ÚÁÂÕÄÅÔÅ</emphasis> Ï
	ÚÁÐÒÅÔÅ ×ÈÏÄÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÁ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ
	ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ ËÁÖÄÕÀ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ ÐÏ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ, ÔÅÒÑÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ
	ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÅ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ NIS:
	<emphasis>ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ</emphasis> ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.</para>

      <para>ïÔ×ÅÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× NIS ÎÁ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ
	<emphasis>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ</emphasis>.  éÈ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ É ÓÍÙÓÌ ÍÏÖÎÏ
	ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔØ Ó ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍÉ ÇÒÕÐÐÁÍÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍÉ × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ &unix;.
	çÌÁ×ÎÏÅ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÉ ÞÉÓÌÏ×ÏÇÏ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÁ É
	×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÔÁË É
	ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ.</para>

      <para>óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÂÙÌÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍÉ, ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍÉ
	ÓÅÔÑÍÉ Ó ÓÏÔÎÑÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÍÁÛÉÎ.  ó ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ÈÏÒÏÛÏ, ÅÓÌÉ
	×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Ó ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÅÊ.  ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ÜÔÁ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
	ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÈ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏ×.
	ðÒÉÍÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ × ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ, ÄÅÍÏÎÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ.</para>

      <para>äÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÅ ×ÎÅÄÒÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ NIS × ×ÁÛÅÊ
	ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÉ ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÌÏ ×ÁÛÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï.  ÷ÁÛÉÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÅÍ
	ÓÔÁÌÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ × ÎÅÇÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
	ÍÁÛÉÎ ÓÔÕÄÅÎÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÇÏÒÏÄËÁ.  ÷ Ä×ÕÈ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÈ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ÉÍÅÎÁ
	ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÈ ËÒÁÔËÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ.</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
      <tgroup cols="2">
      <thead>
	<row>
	  <entry>éÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</entry>
	  <entry>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
	</row>
      </thead>

      <tbody>
	<row>
	  <entry><username>alpha</username>, <username>beta</username></entry>
	  <entry>ïÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÓÌÕÖÁÝÉÅ IT-ÄÅÐÁÒÔÁÍÅÎÔÁ</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry><username>charlie</username>, <username>delta</username></entry>
	  <entry>ðÒÁËÔÉËÁÎÔÙ IT-ÄÅÐÁÒÔÁÍÅÎÔÁ</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry><username>echo</username>, <username>foxtrott</username>, <username>golf</username>, ...</entry>
	  <entry>ïÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÓÏÔÒÕÄÎÉËÉ</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry><username>able</username>, <username>baker</username>, ...</entry>
	  <entry>ðÒÏÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÁÔÕÒÕ</entry>
	</row>
      </tbody>
      </tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
      <tgroup cols="2">
      <thead>
	<row>
	  <entry>éÍÅÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎ</entry>
	  <entry>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
	</row>
      </thead>

      <tbody>
	<row>
	  <!--	éÍÅÎÁ ×ÚÑÔÙ ÉÚ ËÎÉÇÉ "Good Omens" (Á×ÔÏÒÙ Neil Gaiman É
		Terry Pratchett.  âÏÌØÛÏÅ ÓÐÁÓÉÂÏ ÚÁ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÕÀ ËÎÉÇÕ.	-->
	  <entry><hostid>war</hostid>, <hostid>death</hostid>, <hostid>famine</hostid>, <hostid>pollution</hostid></entry>
	  <entry>÷ÁÛÉ ÓÁÍÙÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ.  ôÏÌØËÏ ÓÌÕÖÁÝÉÍ IT ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	    ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <!-- gluttony ÂÙÌ ÐÒÏÐÕÝÅÎ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÂÙÌ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÔÏÌÓÔ -->
	  <entry><hostid>pride</hostid>, <hostid>greed</hostid>, <hostid>envy</hostid>, <hostid>wrath</hostid>, <hostid>lust</hostid>, <hostid>sloth</hostid></entry>
	  <entry>íÅÎÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ.	÷ÓÅ ÓÏÔÒÕÄÎÉËÉ ÄÅÐÁÒÔÁÍÅÎÔÁ IT ÍÏÇÕÔ
	    ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry><hostid>one</hostid>, <hostid>two</hostid>, <hostid>three</hostid>, <hostid>four</hostid>, ...</entry>
	  <entry>ïÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÅ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ.  ôÏÌØËÏ
	    <emphasis>ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ ÎÁÎÑÔÙÍ</emphasis> ÓÌÕÖÁÝÉÍ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</entry>
	</row>

	<row>
	  <entry><hostid>trashcan</hostid></entry>
	  <entry>ïÞÅÎØ ÓÔÁÒÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÂÅÚ ËÁËÉÈ-ÌÉÂÏ ËÒÉÔÉÞÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  äÁÖÅ
	    ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÁÔÕÒÕ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÏ ÅÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.</entry>
	</row>
      </tbody>
      </tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÔÅÓØ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÑ
	ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÏ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
	ÍÁÛÉÎÅ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>passwd</filename> ÐÏ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏÞËÅ
	<literal>-<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal> ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ
	ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ÎÁ ÜÔÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÄÁÖÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ,
	Õ ×ÁÓ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÁÞÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.	çÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÐÒÏÝÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ×Ï
	×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ×Ù ÐÏÓÔÅÐÅÎÎÏ <emphasis>ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
	ÚÁÂÙ×ÁÔØ</emphasis> ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
	ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.  ÷ ËÏÎÃÅ ËÏÎÃÏ×, íÅÒÆÉ ÂÙÌ ÏÐÔÉÍÉÓÔÏÍ.</para>

      <para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÄÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
	ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×.  îÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÏ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ; ×Ù ÓÔÁ×ÉÔÅ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÏÄÎÕ ÉÌÉ
	ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ É ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÅÔÅ ÉÌÉ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÁÅÔÅ ×ÈÏÄ ×ÓÅÍ ÞÌÅÎÁÍ
	ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ, ×ÁÍ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
	ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ.  åÓÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ×ÁÍ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÅÇÏ Ë ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅÍÕ
	ÞÉÓÌÕ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ.  üÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ ÄÒÕÇ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÁ: ÎÅÔ
	ÂÏÌØÛÅ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÊ <quote>ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É ÍÁÛÉÎÙ</quote>.
	åÓÌÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ NIS ÔÝÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ
	ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.</para>

      <para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÛÁÇÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ËÁÒÔÙ NIS ÐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ netgroup.
	ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &man.ypinit.8; ×Ï FreeBSD ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ ÎÅ
	ÓÏÚÄÁ£Ô, ÈÏÔÑ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ NIS ÂÕÄÅÔ Å£ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÎÁ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÕÓÔÕÀ ËÁÒÔÕ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ</para>

      <screen>ellington&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /var/yp/netgroup</userinput></screen>

      <para>É ÎÁÞÎÉÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ
	ÍÅÒÅ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ: ÓÏÔÒÕÄÎÉËÉ IT, ÐÒÁËÔÉËÁÎÔÙ IT, ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ
	ÓÏÔÒÕÄÎÉËÉ É ÉÎÔÅÒÎÁÔÕÒÁ.</para>

      <programlisting>IT_EMP	(,alpha,test-domain)	(,beta,test-domain)
IT_APP	(,charlie,test-domain)	(,delta,test-domain)
USERS	(,echo,test-domain)	(,foxtrott,test-domain) \
	(,golf,test-domain)
INTERNS (,able,test-domain)	(,baker,test-domain)</programlisting>

      <para><literal>IT_EMP</literal>, <literal>IT_APP</literal> É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ
	Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ.  îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÌÏ× × ÓËÏÂËÁÈ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ
	ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ × ÇÒÕÐÐÕ.  ôÒÉ ÐÏÌÑ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

      <orderedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>éÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÉÌÉ ÈÏÓÔÏ×, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÙ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.
	    åÓÌÉ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ, ÔÏ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ.
	    åÓÌÉ ÖÅ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ, ÔÏ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÍÉÒ ÔÅÍÎÏÔÙ, ÕÖÁÓÁ
	    É ÓÔÒÁÛÎÏÊ ÐÕÔÁÎÉÃÙ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>éÍÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ
	    ÇÒÕÐÐÅ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>äÏÍÅÎ NIS ÄÌÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ × ×ÁÛÕ
	    ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÉÚ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÄÏÍÅÎÏ× NIS, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÄÉÎ
	    ÉÚ ÔÅÈ ÎÅÓÞÁÓÔÎÙÈ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ NIS.</para>
	</listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para>ëÁÖÄÏÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÏÌÅÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÛÁÂÌÏÎÙ, ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÁÎÙ ×
	ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ &man.netgroup.5;.</para>

      <note>
	<indexterm><primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ</primary></indexterm>
	<para>îÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÄÌÉÎÎÅÅ 8 ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×,
	  ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÅ NIS ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÄ
	  ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.  éÍÅÎÁ ÞÕ×ÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÙ Ë
	  ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÕ; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÇÌÁ×ÎÙÈ ÂÕË× ÄÌÑ ÉÍÅÎ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ
	  ÏÂÌÅÇÞÁÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÉÍÅÎ ÍÁÛÉÎ É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
	  ÇÒÕÐÐ.</para>

	<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ NIS (ÏÔÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÏÔ FreeBSD) ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
	  Ó ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍÉ ÇÒÕÐÐÁÍÉ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÍÉ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ.
	  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ &sunos; ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ÅÓÌÉ
	  ÓÅÔÅ×ÁÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ 15 <emphasis>ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ</emphasis>.  ÷Ù
	  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÏÊÔÉ ÜÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÄÇÒÕÐÐ Ó 15 ÉÌÉ
	  ÍÅÎØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÕÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ,
	  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÝÕÀ ÉÚ ÐÏÄÇÒÕÐÐ:</para>

	<programlisting>BIGGRP1  (,joe1,domain)  (,joe2,domain)  (,joe3,domain) [...]
BIGGRP2  (,joe16,domain)  (,joe17,domain) [...]
BIGGRP3  (,joe31,domain)  (,joe32,domain)
BIGGROUP  BIGGRP1 BIGGRP2 BIGGRP3</programlisting>

	<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ 225
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ × ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÅ.</para>
      </note>

      <para>áËÔÉ×ÁÃÉÑ É ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÁÛÅÊ ËÁÒÔÙ NIS ÐÒÏÓÔÁ:</para>

      <screen>ellington&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /var/yp</userinput>
ellington&prompt.root; <userinput>make</userinput></screen>

      <para>üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÔÒÅÈ ËÁÒÔ NIS
	<filename>netgroup</filename>, <filename>netgroup.byhost</filename> É
	<filename>netgroup.byuser</filename>.  ÷ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
	&man.ypcat.1; ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÁÒÔ NIS:</para>

      <screen>ellington&prompt.user; <userinput>ypcat -k netgroup</userinput>
ellington&prompt.user; <userinput>ypcat -k netgroup.byhost</userinput>
ellington&prompt.user; <userinput>ypcat -k netgroup.byuser</userinput></screen>

      <para>÷Ù×ÏÄ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/var/yp/netgroup</filename>.	÷ÔÏÒÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ
	ÎÉÞÅÇÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÄÉÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ.
	ôÒÅÔØÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
	ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ.</para>

      <para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
	<hostid>war</hostid>, ×ÁÍ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ &man.vipw.8;
	É ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ</para>

      <programlisting>+:::::::::</programlisting>

      <para>ÎÁ</para>

      <programlisting>+@IT_EMP:::::::::</programlisting>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ×
	ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÅ <literal>IT_EMP</literal>, ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ×
	ÂÁÚÕ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ <hostid>war</hostid> É ÔÏÌØËÏ ÜÔÉÍ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎ ×ÈÏÄ.</para>

      <para>ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÜÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ É ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ <literal>~</literal> ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ
	ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ É ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÄÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ
	ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÉÈ ÞÉÓÌÏ×ÙÍÉ ID.  äÒÕÇÉÍÉ
	ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>cd ~<replaceable>user</replaceable></command>
	ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>ls -l</command> ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØ
	ÞÉÓÌÏ×ÙÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÙ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÉͣΠÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, Á
	<command>find . -user joe -print</command> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÏÔËÁÖÅÔÓÑ, ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÑ
	ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ <errorname>No such user</errorname>.  þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ,
	×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÉÍÐÏÒÔ ×ÓÅÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÈ
	<emphasis>ÂÅÚ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ</emphasis>.</para>

      <para>üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÅÝÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>.  üÔÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ
	ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ:</para>

      <para><literal>+:::::::::/sbin/nologin</literal>, ÞÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ
	<quote>ðÒÏÉÚ×ÅÓÔÉ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ Ó ÚÁÍÅÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ
	ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ ÎÁ <filename>/sbin/nologin</filename> × ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ
	ÚÁÐÉÓÑÈ</quote>.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÌÀÂÏÅ ÐÏÌÅ × ÓÔÒÏËÅ Ó ÐÁÒÏÌÅÍ,
	ÕËÁÚÁ× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × ×ÁÛÅÍ
	<filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>.</para>

      <!-- Been there, done that, got the scars to prove it - ue -->
      <warning>
	<para>ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÓÔÒÏËÁ
	  <literal>+:::::::::/sbin/nologin</literal> ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ
	  <literal>+@IT_EMP:::::::::</literal>.  ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ÓÅ
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ NIS, ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ
	  <filename>/sbin/nologin</filename> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ.</para>
      </warning>

      <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÏÔÒÕÄÎÉËÁ IT ×ÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÕ ËÁÒÔÕ NIS.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÔØ
	ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÄÌÑ ÍÅÎÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×, ÚÁÍÅÎÑÑ
	ÓÔÁÒÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ <literal>+:::::::::</literal> × ÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ
	<filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename> ÎÁ ÎÅÞÔÏ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÅ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ:</para>

      <programlisting>+@IT_EMP:::::::::
+@IT_APP:::::::::
+:::::::::/sbin/nologin</programlisting>

      <para>óÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ
	ÔÁËÏÊ ×ÉÄ:</para>

      <programlisting>+@IT_EMP:::::::::
+@USERS:::::::::
+:::::::::/sbin/nologin</programlisting>

      <para>é ×ÓÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
	ÎÅÄÅÌØ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÁÓØ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÁ: äÅÐÁÒÔÁÍÅÎÔ IT ÎÁÞÁÌ ÎÁÎÉÍÁÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÁÔÕÒÕ.
	éÎÔÅÒÎÁÔÕÒÅ × IT ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÅ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ É
	ÍÅÎÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ; ÐÒÁËÔÉËÁÎÔÁÍ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÌÉ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ÎÁ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÅ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ.  ÷Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÌÉ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ <literal>IT_INTERN</literal>, ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌÉ × ÎÅÅ
	ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÁÔÕÒÕ É ÎÁÞÁÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ É ËÁÖÄÏÊ
	ÍÁÛÉÎÅ...  ëÁË ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔ ÓÔÁÒÁÑ ÍÕÄÒÏÓÔØ: <quote>ïÛÉÂËÉ ×
	ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÍ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÇÌÏÂÁÌØÎÏÍÕ
	ÈÁÏÓÕ</quote>.</para>

      <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ × NIS ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÉÚ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
	ÇÒÕÐÐ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÊ.  ïÄÎÉÍ
	ÉÚ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏ× Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÒÏÌÅÊ.
	îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
	<literal>BIGSRV</literal> ÄÌÑ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ ÎÁ
	×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ, ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
	<literal>SMALLSRV</literal> ÄÌÑ ÍÅÎÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× É ÔÒÅÔØÀ
	ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÐÏÄ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅÍ <literal>USERBOX</literal> ÄÌÑ
	ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ.  ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
	ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÅÎÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.  îÏ×ÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
	ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ËÁÒÔÙ NIS ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÔÁËÉÍ
	ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>

      <programlisting>BIGSRV	  IT_EMP  IT_APP
SMALLSRV  IT_EMP  IT_APP  ITINTERN
USERBOX   IT_EMP  ITINTERN USERS</programlisting>

      <para>üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ,
	ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÄÅÌÉÔØ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÍÁÛÉÎ Ó ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÙÍÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ.  ë
	ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÔÁËÁÑ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏÍ.  ÷
	ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ
	×ÈÏÄ ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÏ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>

      <para>úÁÄÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÍÁÛÉÎ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
	×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÉ,
	ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÊ ×ÙÛÅ.  ðÒÉ ÔÁËÏÍ ÒÁÚ×ÉÔÉÉ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename> ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ Ä×Å
	ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ Ó <quote>+</quote>.  ðÅÒ×ÁÑ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ Ó ÕÞ£ÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ÎÁ ÜÔÕ
	ÍÁÛÉÎÕ, Á ×ÔÏÒÁÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÅÓÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ Ó
	<filename>/sbin/nologin</filename> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ.
	èÏÒÏÛÅÊ ÉÄÅÅÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <quote>éíåîé íáûéîù</quote> ÚÁÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍÉ ÂÕË×ÁÍÉ
	ÄÌÑ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ.  äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ
	×ÉÄ:</para>

      <programlisting>+@<replaceable>BOXNAME</replaceable>:::::::::
+:::::::::/sbin/nologin</programlisting>

      <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ, ×ÁÍ ÎÅ
	ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÎÏ×Á ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
	<filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>.  ÷ÓÅ ÂÕÄÕÝÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ ËÁÒÔÙ NIS.  ÷ÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ
	ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÌÕÞÁÑ Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍÉ
	ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ:</para>

      <programlisting># óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÍ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
IT_EMP	  (,alpha,test-domain)	  (,beta,test-domain)
IT_APP	  (,charlie,test-domain)  (,delta,test-domain)
DEPT1	  (,echo,test-domain)	  (,foxtrott,test-domain)
DEPT2	  (,golf,test-domain)	  (,hotel,test-domain)
DEPT3	  (,india,test-domain)	  (,juliet,test-domain)
ITINTERN  (,kilo,test-domain)	  (,lima,test-domain)
D_INTERNS (,able,test-domain)	  (,baker,test-domain)
#
# ôÅÐÅÒØ ÚÁÄÁÅÍ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÒÏÌÅÊ
USERS	  DEPT1   DEPT2     DEPT3
BIGSRV	  IT_EMP  IT_APP
SMALLSRV  IT_EMP  IT_APP    ITINTERN
USERBOX   IT_EMP  ITINTERN  USERS
#
# é ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÞ
# ïÔËÒÙÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ echo É golf ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÁÎÔÉ×ÉÒÕÓÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
SECURITY  IT_EMP  (,echo,test-domain)  (,golf,test-domain)
#
# óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÍÁÛÉÎ
# îÁÛÉ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ
WAR	  BIGSRV
FAMINE	  BIGSRV
# ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ india ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ
POLLUTION  BIGSRV  (,india,test-domain)
#
# üÔÏÔ ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÅÎ É ÅÍÕ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
DEATH	  IT_EMP
#
# áÎÔÉ×ÉÒÕÓÎÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ, ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÁÑ ×ÙÛÅ
ONE	  SECURITY
#
# ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ
TWO	  (,hotel,test-domain)
# [...ÄÁÌÅÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ]</programlisting>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ËÁËÉÅ-ÌÉÂÏ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
	ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÍÏÞØ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ
	ÞÁÓÔØ ËÁÒÔÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏ× ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÏÔÞÅÔÏ× ×ÁÛÅÊ ÂÁÚÙ
	ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  ÷ ÔÁËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔ
	ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍ.</para>

      <para>é ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ: îÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÕÍÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÍÁÛÉÎ.  åÓÌÉ × ÓÔÕÄÅÎÞÅÓËÉÈ ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÑÈ ×Ù
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÅÓÑÔËÏ× ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÓÏÔÅÎ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ, ÔÏ
	×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÒÏÌÅÊ, Á ÎÅ ÏÓÎÏ×Å
	ÍÁÛÉÎ, ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ËÁÒÔÙ NIS ÏÓÔÁ×ÁÌÉÓØ × ÒÁÚÕÍÎÙÈ
	ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÈ.</para>
    </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>÷ÁÖÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ</title>

    <para>åÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÐÏ-ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ,
      ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ Ó NIS.</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ×
	  ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÉ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÅÇÏ <emphasis>ÔÏÌØËÏ</emphasis> ÎÁ
	  ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ NIS É <emphasis>ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ËÁÒÔÙ
	  NIS</emphasis>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÙÊ
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÇÄÅ ×ÏÊÔÉ, ËÒÏÍÅ ËÁË ÎÁ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ
	  NIS.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ × ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÉ ÎÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <username>jsmith</username>, ÍÙ ÄÅÌÁÅÍ ×ÏÔ ÞÔÏ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw useradd jsmith</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /var/yp</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make test-domain</userinput></screen>

	<para>÷ÍÅÓÔÏ <command>pw useradd jsmith</command> ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ
	  ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>adduser jsmith</command>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><emphasis>îÅ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÊÔÅ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ËÁÒÔÙ
	  NIS</emphasis>.  ÷ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÔØ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
	  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÉÈ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ
	  Ë ÔÁËÉÍ ÕÞ£ÔÎÙÍ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><emphasis>óÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÊ É ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ NIS ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÙÍÉ
	  É ÍÉÎÉÍÉÚÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÉÈ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÑ</emphasis>.	åÓÌÉ ËÔÏ-ÔÏ ÌÉÂÏ
	  ×ÚÌÏÍÁÅÔ, ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔ ÜÔÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ÔÏ ÌÀÄÉ ÂÅÚ ÐÒÁ×Á
	  ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÀ Ó ÌÅÇËÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ.</para>

	<para>üÔÏ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ × ÌÀÂÏÊ ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏ
	  ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ
	  ÚÁÝÉÝÁÅÔÅ ×ÁÛÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ NIS, ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÅÌÏ Ó ÔÏÌÐÏÊ
	  ÒÁÚÏÚÌ£ÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ!</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>óÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó NIS v1</title>

    <para><application>ypserv</application> ÉÚ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÉÍÅÅÔ
      ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÕÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× NIS v1.  òÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ
      NIS
      ×Ï FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ NIS v2, ÈÏÔÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ
      ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ v1 ÄÌÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ.
      äÁÅÍÏÎÙ <application>ypbind</application>, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÅ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ, ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÉÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ NIS v1, ÄÁÖÅ
      ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÉÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ (É ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÒÁÓÓÙÌÁÔØ ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ
      ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ × ÐÏÉÓËÅ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÄÁÖÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
      v2).  ïÔÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÈÏÔÑ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÈ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï×,
      ÜÔÁ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ <application>ypserv</application> ÎÅ ÏÔÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÕ ËÁÒÔ v1;
      ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÇÏ ÉÌÉ
      ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ NIS, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÍÉ
      ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ v1.  ë ÓÞÁÓÔØÀ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
      ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ.</para>
  </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-nis-server-is-client">
      <title>óÅÒ×ÅÒÙ NIS, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍÉ NIS</title>

      <para>ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÕÄÅÌÉÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ
	<application>ypserv</application> × ÄÏÍÅÎÅ ÓÏ
	ÍÎÏÇÉÍÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍÉ
	NIS.
	îÅÐÌÏÈÏ ÂÙ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÉÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ Ë ÓÁÍÉÍ ÓÅÂÅ,
	ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉ× ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÕ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÎÁ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÐÅÒÅËÒÅÓÔÎÕÀ
	ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ ÄÒÕÇ Ë ÄÒÕÇÕ.  åÓÌÉ ÏÄÉÎ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ×ÙÊÄÅÔ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏÑ, Á ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
	ÂÕÄÕÔ ÚÁ×ÉÓÅÔØ ÏÔ ÎÅÇÏ, ÔÏ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÙÅ
	ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ.  ðÏÓÔÅÐÅÎÎÏ ×ÓÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ ÐÏÐÁÄÕÔ × ÔÁÊÍ-ÁÕÔ É ÐÏÐÙÔÁÀÔÓÑ
	ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍ, ÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
	ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ, Á ÓÔÒÁÎÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÓÎÏ×Á ÍÏÇÕÔ
	ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÔØÓÑ ÄÒÕÇ Ë ÄÒÕÇÕ.</para>

      <para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÈÏÓÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ Ë ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ,
	ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>ypbind</command> Ó ÆÌÁÇÏÍ
	<option>-S</option>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ËÁÖÄÙÊ
	ÒÁÚ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ
	×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NIS, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>

      <programlisting>nis_client_enable="YES"   # run client stuff as well
nis_client_flags="-S <replaceable>NIS domain</replaceable>,<replaceable>server</replaceable>"</programlisting>

      <para>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÏ
	&man.ypbind.8;.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>æÏÒÍÁÔÙ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>NIS</primary>
	<secondary>ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ïÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ ÏÂÝÉÈ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó NIS,
	Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ× ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ, ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÏÍ DES, ÔÏ ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÅÈ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×, ÞÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ DES.  ë
	ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÅÓÌÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ NIS, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÅ &solaris;,
	ÔÏ ×ÁÍ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ Ó ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÐÏ
	ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÕ DES.</para>

      <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÎÑÔØ, ËÁËÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ×ÁÛÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ É ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ,
	ÚÁÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>.  åÓÌÉ ÈÏÓÔ
	ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ, ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÕ DES,
	ÔÏ ËÌÁÓÓ <literal>default</literal> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ×ÒÏÄÅ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ:</para>

      <programlisting>default:\
	:passwd_format=des:\
	:copyright=/etc/COPYRIGHT:\
	[ðÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÏÐÕÝÅÎÙ]</programlisting>

      <para>äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ ÄÌÑ <literal>passwd_format</literal>
	Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ <literal>blf</literal> É <literal>md5</literal> (ÄÌÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ,
	ÛÉÆÒÕÅÍÙÈ ÐÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁÍ Blowfish É MD5 ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ).</para>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÎÅÓÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÉÔØ
	ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ <username>root</username>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf</userinput></screen>

      <note>
	<para>æÏÒÍÁÔ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	  <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>, ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÚÍÅΣΠÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ,
	  ÐÏËÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ ÓÍÅÎÉÔ Ó×ÏÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ <emphasis>ÐÏÓÌÅ</emphasis>
	  ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
      </note>

      <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÙ
	× ÔÏÍ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÂÒÁÎ ×ÁÍÉ, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÔÒÏËÁ
	<literal>crypt_default</literal> × <filename>/etc/auth.conf</filename>
	ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÅÎÉÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÏÇÏ ×ÁÍÉ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ.  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ
	ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ × ÓÐÉÓËÅ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÒÉ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ DES-ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÔÁË:</para>

      <programlisting>crypt_default	=	des blf md5</programlisting>

      <para>÷ÙÐÏÌÎÉ× ×ÙÛÅÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÛÁÇÉ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÉÚ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× É ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×
	NIS, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÈ ÎÁ FreeBSD, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ ÉÈ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÎÏÓÔØ
	ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ
	×ÏÚÎÉËÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÅÊ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ NIS, ÎÁÞÁÔØ
	Å£ ÒÅÛÁÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏ ÓÔÏÉÔ ÏÔÓÀÄÁ.  úÁÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ: ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NIS × ÇÅÔÅÒÏÇÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ, ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÎÕÖÎÏ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ DES ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ × ÓÉÌÕ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ
	ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂÝÉÊ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-dhcp">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Greg</firstname>
	  <surname>Sutter</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÅÔÉ (DHCP)</title>

  <sect2>
    <title>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ DHCP?</title>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol</primary>
      <see>DHCP</see>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>Internet Systems Consortium (ISC)</primary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>DHCP, ÉÌÉ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ
      äÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ èÏÓÔÏ×), ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË, ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ É ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ
      ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × ÎÅÊ.  ÷Ï FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
      <command>dhclient</command>, ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÉÚ OpenBSD&nbsp;3.7.
      ÷ÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÚÄÅÓØ, ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ <command>dhclient</command> ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ
      ÌÉÂÏ Ë ISC, ÌÉÂÏ Ë DHCP ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ.  DHCP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ×ËÌÀÞ£Î × ISC
      ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×.</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>þÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</title>

    <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ, ËÁË ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ ISC ÉÌÉ OpenBSD
      DHCP ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ, ÔÁË É ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ISC DHCP ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.
      ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÁÑ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ
      ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ, <command>dhclient</command>, ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ × ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ FreeBSD,
      Á ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÎÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename
      role="package">net/isc-dhcp42-server</filename>.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÓÓÙÌÏË ÎÉÖÅ,
      ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
      ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÉÈ &man.dhclient.8;, &man.dhcp-options.5; É
      &man.dhclient.conf.5;.</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>ëÁË ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ</title>

    <indexterm><primary>UDP</primary></indexterm>
    <para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
      <command>dhclient</command>, Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÁÑÓÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ DHCP, ÏÎÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ
      ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÕ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÎÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.
      ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÜÔÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÄÅÌÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ 68 ÐÏÒÔ UDP.	óÅÒ×ÅÒ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÎÁ UDP
      67, ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ ÁÄÒÅÓ IP É ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ÔÁËÕÀ, ËÁË
      ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÍÁÓËÕ, ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ É ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ DNS.  ÷ÓÑ ÜÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ×
      ÆÏÒÍÅ <quote>ÁÒÅÎÄÙ</quote> DHCP É ×ÅÒÎÁ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ (ÞÔÏ
      ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ DHCP).  ðÒÉ ÔÁËÏÍ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÅ
      ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÛÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ IP ÔÅÈ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÙ Ë ÓÅÔÉ,
      ÍÏÇÕÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ.</para>

    <para>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ DHCP ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.
      ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
      &man.dhcp-options.5;.</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>éÎÔÅÇÒÁÃÉÑ Ó FreeBSD</title>

    <para>DHCP ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÏÔ OpenBSD, <command>dhclient</command>, ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
      ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ×Ï &os;.  ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ DHCP ÅÓÔØ ËÁË × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÔÁË É × ÓÁÍÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ×
      ÚÎÁÎÉÉ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÓÅÔÉ × ÌÀÂÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÍÅÀÝÅÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
      DHCP.</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary><application>sysinstall</application></primary>
    </indexterm>
    <para>DHCP ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ <application>sysinstall</application>.
      ðÒÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÉÚ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
      <application>sysinstall</application> ×ÔÏÒÏÊ
      ×ÏÐÒÏÓ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÚÁÄÁÅÔÓÑ: <quote>Do you want to try DHCP
      configuration of the interface?</quote> (<quote>èÏÔÉÔÅ ÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ
      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÞÅÒÅÚ DHCP?</quote>).  õÔ×ÅÒÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ
      ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÚÁÐÕÓËÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ <command>dhclient</command>, É ÐÒÉ ÕÄÁÞÎÏÍ
      ÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÉ Ë Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÍÕ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
      ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ.</para>

    <para>åÓÔØ Ä×Å ×ÅÝÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÁÛÁ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁ DHCP ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ:</para>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>DHCP</primary>
      <secondary>ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</secondary>
    </indexterm>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <devicename>bpf</devicename>
	  ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ × ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÀ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
	  ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ <literal>device bpf</literal> × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ
	  ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ.  âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï
	  ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ ÑÄÅÒ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ × <xref
	  linkend="kernelconfig">.</para>

	<para>õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <devicename>bpf</devicename> ÕÖÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ
	  ÑÄÒÁ <filename>GENERIC</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó
	  FreeBSD, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ É
	  ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÅÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌ DHCP.</para>

	<note>
	  <para>ôÅ, ËÔÏ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÉÔÓÑ Ï ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ × ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ
	    ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <devicename>bpf</devicename> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ
	    ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ-ÓÎÉÆÆÅÒÁÍ
	    ÐÁËÅÔÏ× (ÈÏÔÑ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÏÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ
	    <username>root</username>).  îÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
	    <devicename>bpf</devicename> <emphasis>ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ</emphasis> ÄÌÑ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ DHCP, ÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÞÅÒÅÓÞÕÒ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÉÔÅÓØ Ï
	    ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
	    <devicename>bpf</devicename> × ÑÄÒÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	    × ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÍ ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ DHCP.</para>
	</note>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ &os; ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ DHCP
	  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ, ÉÌÉ <firstterm>ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏ</firstterm>.
	  ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÀÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÎÅ ÏÖÉÄÁÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ
	  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÕÓËÏÒÑÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

	<para>æÏÎÏ×ÏÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ
	  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ DHCP ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	  ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÐÏ DHCP
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÌÉÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ.  ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÅÒÐÅÔØ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÄÅÎ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ
	  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ DHCP.  úÁÐÕÓË DHCP
	  × <firstterm>ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÍ</firstterm> ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ,
	  ÏÔËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ
	  ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ DHCP.</para>

	<para>äÌÑ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ DHCP
	  (ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ), ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
	  <quote><literal>DHCP</literal></quote>
	  × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>ifconfig_<replaceable>fxp0</replaceable>="DHCP"</programlisting>

	<para>äÌÑ ÏÔËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÄÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ
	  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ DHCP (ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ), ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
	  <quote><literal>SYNCDHCP</literal></quote>:</para>

	<programlisting>ifconfig_<replaceable>fxp0</replaceable>="SYNCDHCP"</programlisting>

	<note>
	  <para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÅ × ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÈ ÉÍÑ
	    <replaceable>fxp0</replaceable> ÎÁ ÉÍÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
	    ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ
	    × <xref linkend="config-network-setup">.</para>
	</note>

	<para>åÓÌÉ <command>dhclient</command> × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
	  × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ ÉÌÉ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÌÑ
	  <command>dhclient</command>, ÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ (ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÔÁË,
	  ËÁË ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ):</para>

	<programlisting>dhclient_program="/sbin/dhclient"
dhclient_flags=""</programlisting>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>DHCP</primary>

      <secondary>ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <para>óÅÒ×ÅÒ DHCP, <application>dhcpd</application>, ×ËÌÀޣΠËÁË ÞÁÓÔØ ÐÏÒÔÁ
      <filename role="package">net/isc-dhcp42-server</filename> × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ
      ÐÏÒÔÏ×.  üÔÏÔ ÐÏÒÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ DHCP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÏÔ ISC É ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ.</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>æÁÊÌÙ</title>

    <indexterm>
      <primary>DHCP</primary>
      <secondary>ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ</secondary>
    </indexterm>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para><filename>/etc/dhclient.conf</filename></para>

	<para><command>dhclient</command> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ
	  ÆÁÊÌÁ, <filename>/etc/dhclient.conf</filename>.  ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÆÁÊÌ
	  ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ, Á ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
	  ÈÏÒÏÛÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ
	  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏ &man.dhclient.conf.5;.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><filename>/sbin/dhclient</filename></para>

	<para><command>dhclient</command> ÓËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ÁÎ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
	  × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/sbin</filename>.  îÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
	  &man.dhclient.8; ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï
	  <command>dhclient</command>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><filename>/sbin/dhclient-script</filename></para>

	<para><command>dhclient-script</command> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ
	  FreeBSD ÓËÒÉÐÔÏÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ DHCP.  ïÎ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ ×
	  &man.dhclient-script.8;, ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	  ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÊ ÓÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><filename>/var/db/dhclient.leases</filename></para>

	<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔ DHCP ÈÒÁÎÉÔ ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×ÙÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ë
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× × ×ÉÄÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ.  îÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
	  &man.dhclient.leases.5; ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÅ
	  ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÌÉÔÅÒÁÔÕÒÁ</title>

      <para>ðÏÌÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ DHCP ÄÁÅÔÓÑ × <ulink
	url="http://www.freesoft.org/CIE/RFC/2131/">RFC 2131</ulink>.  ëÒÏÍÅ
	ÔÏÇÏ, ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÅÓÔØ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ <ulink
	url="http://www.dhcp.org/"></ulink>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="network-dhcp-server">
      <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ DHCP</title>

      <sect3>
	<title>þÅÍÕ ÐÏÓ×ÑݣΠÜÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ</title>

	<para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÄÁ£Ô ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
	  FreeBSD ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ DHCP ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ
	  ÐÁËÅÔÁ DHCP ÏÔ ISC (Internet Systems Consortium).</para>

	<para>óÅÒ×ÅÒÎÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÞÁÓÔØ FreeBSD, ÔÁË
	  ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ <filename
	  role="package">net/isc-dhcp42-server</filename> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
	  ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="ports"> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
	  ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ DHCP</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>DHCP</primary>
	  <secondary>ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ FreeBSD ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
	  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ DHCP, ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
	  &man.bpf.4;, ×ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ × ÑÄÒÏ.  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ
	  ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ <literal>device bpf</literal> × ÆÁÊÌ
	  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.  äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï
	  ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ ÑÄÅÒ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="kernelconfig">.</para>

	<para>õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <devicename>bpf</devicename> ÕÖÅ ×ÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÏÓÔÁ×
	  ÑÄÒÁ <filename>GENERIC</filename>, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ Ó FreeBSD, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
	  ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
	  DHCP.</para>

	<note>
	  <para>ôÅ, ËÔÏ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ,
	    ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ <devicename>bpf</devicename> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÅÍ
	    ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÓÎÉÆÆÅÒÁÍ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×
	    (ÈÏÔÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ).
	    îÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <devicename>bpf</devicename>
	    <emphasis>ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ</emphasis> ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ DHCP, ÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ
	    ×Ù ÏÞÅÎØ ÏÂÅÓÐÏËÏÅÎÙ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ, ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ
	    ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ <devicename>bpf</devicename> × ×ÁÛÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ,
	    ÞÔÏ × ÏÔÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍ ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ DHCP.</para>
	</note>

	<para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	  ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏÇÏ <filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÏÓÔÁ×Å ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename
	  role="package">net/isc-dhcp42-server</filename>.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÜÔÏ
	  ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf.sample</filename>, É ×Ù
	  ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ × ÆÁÊÌ
	  <filename>/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÅÇÏ
	  ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ DHCP</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>DHCP</primary>
	  <secondary>dhcpd.conf</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para><filename>dhcpd.conf</filename> ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÄÅËÌÁÒÁÃÉÊ
	  ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÅÊ É ÈÏÓÔÏ×, É ÐÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ
	  ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ:</para>

	<programlisting>option domain-name "example.com";<co id="domain-name">
option domain-name-servers 192.168.4.100;<co id="domain-name-servers">
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;<co id="subnet-mask">

default-lease-time 3600;<co id="default-lease-time">
max-lease-time 86400;<co id="max-lease-time">
ddns-update-style none;<co id="ddns-update-style">

subnet 192.168.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.4.129 192.168.4.254;<co id="range">
  option routers 192.168.4.1;<co id="routers">
}

host mailhost {
  hardware ethernet 02:03:04:05:06:07;<co id="hardware">
  fixed-address mailhost.example.com;<co id="fixed-address">
}</programlisting>

	<calloutlist>
	  <callout arearefs="domain-name">
	    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÚÁÄÁ£Ô ÄÏÍÅÎ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	      ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÄÏÍÅÎÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÒÉ
	      ÐÏÉÓËÅ.  ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏ
	      &man.resolv.conf.5; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï
	      ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ.</para>
	  </callout>

	  <callout arearefs="domain-name-servers">
	    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÚÁÄÁ£Ô ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÚÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÑÔÙÍÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×
	      DNS, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÌÉÅÎÔ.</para>
	  </callout>

	  <callout arearefs="subnet-mask">
	    <para>íÁÓËÁ ÓÅÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ.</para>
	  </callout>

	  <callout arearefs="default-lease-time">
	    <para>ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	      ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÙÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ.  ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
	      ×ÙÄÁÓÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÓÒÏËÏÍ (× ÓÅËÕÎÄÁÈ).</para>
	  </callout>

	  <callout arearefs="max-lease-time">
	    <para>üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØ
	      ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ.  åÓÌÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÊ ÓÒÏË, ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	      ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄ£Î, ÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ
	      <literal>max-lease-time</literal> ÓÅËÕÎÄ.</para>
	  </callout>

	  <callout arearefs="ddns-update-style">
	    <para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÚÁÄÁ£Ô, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ DHCP ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ
	      ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ DNS ÐÒÉ ×ÙÄÁÞÅ ÉÌÉ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÉ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
	      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.  ÷ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ISC ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	      <emphasis>ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ</emphasis>.</para>
	  </callout>

	  <callout arearefs="range">
	    <para>üÔÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁËÉÅ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
	      × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÒÅÚÅÒ×Á ÄÌÑ ×ÙÄÁÞÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ.  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ É
	      ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÇÒÁÎÉÃÙ, ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ.</para>
	  </callout>

	  <callout arearefs="routers">
	    <para>ïÂßÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ,
	      ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ.</para>
	  </callout>

	  <callout arearefs="hardware">
	    <para>áÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÊ MAC-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÈÏÓÔÁ (ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ DHCP ÍÏÇ
	      ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÔØ ÈÏÓÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÔÏÔ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ).</para>
	  </callout>

	  <callout arearefs="fixed-address">
	    <para>ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÈÏÓÔÕ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ É
	      ÔÏÔ ÖÅ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÚÄÅÓØ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ
	      ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ DHCP ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ
	      ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×ÙÄÁÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ
	      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ.</para>
	  </callout>
	</calloutlist>

	<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÁËÏÎÞÉÔÅ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ Ó×ÏÊ
	  <filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ DHCP
	  × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÄÏÂÁ×É× × ÎÅÇÏ
	  ÓÔÒÏËÉ</para>

	<programlisting>dhcpd_enable="YES"
dhcpd_ifaces="dc0"</programlisting>

	<para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <literal>dc0</literal> ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ (ÉÌÉ ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ
	  ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÑ ÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁÍÉ), ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ(ÙÈ) ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ DHCP
	  ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÔ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×.</para>

	<para>úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ DHCP ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/isc-dhcpd start</userinput></screen>

	<para>åÓÌÉ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ
	  ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÔÏ ×ÁÖÎÏ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÙÌËÁ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ
	  <literal>SIGHUP</literal> ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÀ
	  <application>dhcpd</application> <emphasis>ÎÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô</emphasis> Ë
	  ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ×.
	  ÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÓÌÁÔØ ÓÉÇÎÁÌ <literal>SIGTERM</literal> ÄÌÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
	  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ×ÙÛÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£ÎÎÏÊ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>æÁÊÌÙ</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>DHCP</primary>
	  <secondary>ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌÙ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para><filename>/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd</filename></para>

	    <para><application>dhcpd</application> ÓËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ÁÎ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ É
	      ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/usr/local/sbin</filename>.
	      óÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &man.dhcpd.8;,
	      ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï
	      <application>dhcpd</application>.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><filename>/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename></para>

	    <para><application>dhcpd</application> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ
	      ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ,
	      <filename>/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename>, ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË
	      ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ É ÎÁÞÎ£Ô ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ.
	      îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÌ ×ÓÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
	      ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï
	      ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.  üÔÏÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ
	      ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &man.dhcpd.conf.5;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	      ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><filename>/var/db/dhcpd.leases</filename></para>

	    <para>óÅÒ×ÅÒ DHCP ×ÅÄ£Ô ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×ÙÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ × ÜÔÏÍ
	      ÆÁÊÌÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ.  óÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ
	      ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &man.dhcpd.leases.5;, ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ,
	      ÄÁÀÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><filename>/usr/local/sbin/dhcrelay</filename></para>

	    <para><application>dhcrelay</application> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ
	      ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ DHCP ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÔ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ
	      ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ DHCP × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÔÁËÁÑ
	      ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ, ÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÏÒÔ <filename
	      role="package">net/isc-dhcp42-relay</filename>.  îÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ
	      ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &man.dhcrelay.8;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
	      ÐÏÒÔÏÍ, ÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-dns">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Chern</firstname>
	  <surname>Lee</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>

	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	</author>

	<author>
	  <firstname>Daniel</firstname>
	  <surname>Gerzo</surname>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>Domain Name System (<acronym>DNS</acronym>)</title>

    <sect2>
      <title>ïÂÚÏÒ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>BIND</primary></indexterm>
      <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ BIND
	(Berkeley Internet Name Domain), Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÏÊ
	ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ <acronym>DNS</acronym>.  <acronym>DNS</acronym> -
	ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ, ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÀÔÓÑ ×
	<acronym>IP</acronym>-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ É ÎÁÏÂÏÒÏÔ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ Ï
	<hostid role="fqdn">www.FreeBSD.org</hostid> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ
	×ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ðÒÏÅËÔÁ &os;, Á ÚÁÐÒÏÓ Ï <hostid
	role="fqdn">ftp.FreeBSD.org</hostid> ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÉÔ
	<acronym>IP</acronym>-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó
	<acronym>FTP</acronym>-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ.  ôÏÞÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ É ÏÂÒÁÔÎÙÊ
	ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ.  úÁÐÒÏÓ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÉÔ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ.  äÌÑ
	×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× Ë <acronym>DNS</acronym> ×Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ
	× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍ£Î.</para>

      <para>&os; × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ
	<acronym>DNS</acronym> <acronym>BIND</acronym>9, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÍ
	ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÈÅÍÕ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ É Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÄÌÑ &man.chroot.8;.</para>

      <indexterm><primary>DNS</primary></indexterm>
      <para>÷ ÓÅÔÉ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ <acronym>DNS</acronym> ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ
	ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÓÌÏÖÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Á×ÔÏÒÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× ÉÍ£Î,
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× ÄÏÍÅÎÏ× ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ (Top Level Domain,
	<acronym>TLD</acronym>) É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÅÎÅÅ ËÒÕÐÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× ÉÍ£Î, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ É ËÜÛÉÒÕÀÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÈ ÄÏÍÅÎÁÈ.</para>

      <para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÐÁËÅÔ BIND ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Internet Systems
	Consortium <ulink url="https://www.isc.org/"></ulink>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÏÌÏÇÉÑ</title>

      <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÎÉÍÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÎÉÍÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
	ÔÅÒÍÉÎÏ×, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÒÁÂÏÔÏÊ <acronym>DNS</acronym>.</para>

      <indexterm><primary>ÒÅÚÏÌ×ÅÒ</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>ÏÂÒÁÔÎÙÊ DNS</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>ËÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÚÏÎÁ</primary></indexterm>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <colspec colwidth="1*">
	  <colspec colwidth="3*">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>ôÅÒÍÉÎ</entry>
	      <entry>ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>ðÒÑÍÏÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ Ë <acronym>DNS</acronym> (forward DNS)</entry>

	      <entry>ðÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉͣΠÈÏÓÔÏ× × ÁÄÒÅÓÁ IP</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>ïÒÉÄÖÉÎ (origin)</entry>

	      <entry>ïÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÄÏÍÅÎ, ÐÏËÒÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ
		ÚÏÎÙ</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><application>named</application>, bind</entry>

	      <entry>ïÂÝÅÕÐÏÔÒÅÂÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÁËÅÔÁ BIND,
		ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÀÝÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉͣΠ×Ï &os;.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>òÅÚÏÌ×ÅÒ</entry>

	      <entry>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ
		Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÉͣΠÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÚÏÎÅ</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>ïÂÒÁÔÎÙÊ <acronym>DNS</acronym> (reverse
		<acronym>DNS</acronym>)</entry>

	      <entry>ðÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× <acronym>IP</acronym> × ÉÍÅÎÁ
		ÈÏÓÔÏ×</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>ëÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÚÏÎÁ</entry>

	      <entry>îÁÞÁÌÏ ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÉ ÚÏÎ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  ÷ÓÅ ÚÏÎÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÐÏÄ
		ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÚÏÎÏÊ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ÔÏÍÕ, ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÉÖÅ
		ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ.</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>úÏÎÁ</entry>

	      <entry>ïÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÄÏÍÅÎ, ÐÏÄÄÏÍÅÎ ÉÌÉ ÞÁÓÔØ
		<acronym>DNS</acronym>, ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍÁÑ
		ÏÄÎÉÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ.</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>ÚÏÎÙ</primary>
	<secondary>ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÚÏÎ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><hostid>.</hostid> &mdash; ÔÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ
	    × ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÚÏÎÁ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><hostid>org.</hostid>&nbsp;&mdash; ÄÏÍÅÎ ×ÅÒÈÎÅÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ
	    (<acronym>TLD</acronym>) × ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÚÏÎÅ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><hostid role="domainname">example.org.</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	    ÚÏÎÏÊ × ÄÏÍÅÎÅ ×ÅÒÈÎÅÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ (<acronym>TLD</acronym>)
	    <hostid>org.</hostid>.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><hostid>1.168.192.in-addr.arpa</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÏÎÏÊ, × ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ
	    ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ <acronym>IP</acronym>-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ÆÏÒÍÉÒÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×
	    <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.1.*</hostid>.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÉÄÅÔØ, ÕÔÏÞÎÑÀÝÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÌÅ×Á.
	îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <hostid role="domainname">example.org.</hostid> ÂÏÌÅÅ ÔÏÞÅÎ, ÞÅÍ
	<hostid>org.</hostid>, ÔÁËÖÅ, ËÁË <hostid>org.</hostid> ÂÏÌÅÅ
	ÔÏÞÅÎ, ÞÅÍ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÚÏÎÁ.  òÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÓÉÌØÎÏ
	ÐÏÈÏÖÅ ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ: ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>
	ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ × ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÒÉÞÉÎÙ, ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍ£Î</title>

      <para>óÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉͣΠÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ × Ä×ÕÈ ×ÉÄÁÈ: Á×ÔÏÒÉÔÅÔÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
	ÉÍ£Î É ËÜÛÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍ£Î, ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ
	(resolver).</para>

      <para>á×ÔÏÒÉÔÅÔÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉͣΠÎÕÖÅÎ, ËÏÇÄÁ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï <acronym>DNS</acronym>
	    ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ, ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÑ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ Á×ÔÏÒÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏ.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÄÏÍÅÎ, ÔÁËÏÊ, ËÁË
	    <hostid role="domainname">example.org</hostid> É × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
	    ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ Ó ÉÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ
	    <acronym>IP</acronym>.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÂÌÏËÕ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× <acronym>IP</acronym> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
	    <acronym>DNS</acronym> (<acronym>IP</acronym> × ÉÍÅÎÁ
	    ÈÏÓÔÏ×).</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÊ (slave) ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉͣΠÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÔØ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>ëÜÛÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉͣΠÎÕÖÅÎ, ËÏÇÄÁ:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ <acronym>DNS</acronym> ÍÏÖÅÔ ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ É ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÔØ ÎÁ
	    ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÒÉ ÐÒÑÍÏÍ ÏÐÒÏÓÅ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ
	    ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍ£Î.</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï
	<hostid role="fqdn">www.FreeBSD.org</hostid>, ÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÒÅÚÏÌ×ÅÒ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÉͣΠ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ É ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ.  ó
	ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÍ ËÜÛÉÒÕÀÝÉÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ <acronym>DNS</acronym> ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ×Ï ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÉÒ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØÓÑ
	×ÓÅÇÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÒÁÚ.  ðÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØÓÑ ÚÁ
	ÐÒÅÄÅÌÙ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÕÖÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ×
	ËÜÛÅ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ëÁË ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ</title>

      <para>÷Ï &os; ÄÁÅÍÏÎ BIND ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
	<application>named</application>.</para>

      <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
	<tgroup cols="2">
	  <thead>
	    <row>
	      <entry>æÁÊÌ</entry>
	      <entry>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
	    </row>
	  </thead>

	  <tbody>
	    <row>
	      <entry>&man.named.8;</entry>
	      <entry>äÁÅÍÏÎ BIND</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry>&man.rndc.8;</entry>
	      <entry>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍ£Î</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><filename class="directory">/etc/namedb</filename></entry>
	      <entry>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÚÏÎÁÈ
		BIND</entry>
	    </row>

	    <row>
	      <entry><filename>/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename></entry>
	      <entry>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ</entry>
	    </row>
	  </tbody>
	</tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <para>æÁÊÌÙ ÚÏÎ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	<filename>/etc/namedb</filename> É ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÚÏÎÅ DNS,
	ÚÁ ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍ£Î.</para>

      <para>÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÚÏÎÙ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ
	ÚÏÎ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ × ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ <filename
	class="directory">master</filename>, <filename
	class="directory">slave</filename> ÉÌÉ <filename
	class="directory">dynamic</filename> ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÉ
	<filename class="directory">/etc/namedb</filename>.
	üÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ <acronym>DNS</acronym> ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ É ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔØ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍÅÎ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>úÁÐÕÓË BIND</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>BIND</primary>
	<secondary>ÚÁÐÕÓË</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ôÁË ËÁË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉͣΠBIND ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÅÇÏ
	ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ.</para>

      <para>óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ <application>named</application>
	ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ËÜÛÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ × ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÒÅÄÅ
	&man.chroot.8;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÏÓÌÕÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÎÁ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ
	Ó×ÑÚÉ (loopback) Ó ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ (127.0.0.1).
	äÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÒÁÚÏ×ÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ × ÜÔÏÊ
	ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/named onestart</userinput></screen>

      <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ <application>named</application> ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÓÑ ×Ï
	×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
	ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>

      <programlisting>named_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÊ
	<filename>/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>, ÌÅÖÁÝÉÈ ÚÁ ÒÁÍËÁÍÉ
	ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ.  òÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
	<application>named</application> ×Ï &os; ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ × ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ
	<literal>named_<replaceable>*</replaceable></literal> ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> É ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
	&man.rc.conf.5;.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ
	<xref linkend="configtuning-rcd">.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>BIND</primary>
	<secondary>ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>æÁÊÌÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ <application>named</application>
	ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	<filename class="directory">/etc/namedb</filename> É, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ
	ÓÌÕÞÁÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×ÁÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÒÅÚÏÌ×ÅÒ, ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title><filename>/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename></title>

	<programlisting>// &dollar;FreeBSD$
//
// If you are going to set up an authoritative server, make sure you
// understand the hairy details of how DNS works.  Even with
// simple mistakes, you can break connectivity for affected parties,
// or cause huge amounts of useless Internet traffic.

options {
	// All file and path names are relative to the chroot directory,
	// if any, and should be fully qualified.
	directory	"/etc/namedb/working";
	pid-file	"/var/run/named/pid";
	dump-file	"/var/dump/named_dump.db";
	statistics-file	"/var/stats/named.stats";

// If named is being used only as a local resolver, this is a safe default.
// For named to be accessible to the network, comment this option, specify
// the proper IP address, or delete this option.
	listen-on	{ 127.0.0.1; };

// If you have IPv6 enabled on this system, uncomment this option for
// use as a local resolver.  To give access to the network, specify
// an IPv6 address, or the keyword "any".
//	listen-on-v6	{ ::1; };

// These zones are already covered by the empty zones listed below.
// If you remove the related empty zones below, comment these lines out.
	disable-empty-zone "255.255.255.255.IN-ADDR.ARPA";
	disable-empty-zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA";
	disable-empty-zone "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA";

// If you've got a DNS server around at your upstream provider, enter
// its IP address here, and enable the line below.  This will make you
// benefit from its cache, thus reduce overall DNS traffic in the Internet.
/*
	forwarders {
		127.0.0.1;
	};
*/

// If the 'forwarders' clause is not empty the default is to 'forward first'
// which will fall back to sending a query from your local server if the name
// servers in 'forwarders' do not have the answer.  Alternatively you can
// force your name server to never initiate queries of its own by enabling the
// following line:
//	forward only;

// If you wish to have forwarding configured automatically based on
// the entries in /etc/resolv.conf, uncomment the following line and
// set named_auto_forward=yes in /etc/rc.conf.  You can also enable
// named_auto_forward_only (the effect of which is described above).
//	include "/etc/namedb/auto_forward.conf";</programlisting>

      <para>ëÁË É ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔÓÑ × ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑÈ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÜÆÆÅËÔ ÏÔ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÜÛÁ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
	<literal>forwarders</literal>.  ÷ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉͣΠÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÏ ÏÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÉͣΠéÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ,
	ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ Ó×ÏÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ.  ðÒÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
	ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉͣΠ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ (ÉÌÉ
	ÔÏÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÚÄÅÓØ ÕËÁÚÁÎ), ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á ÅÇÏ ËÜÛÁ.
	ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÎÕÖÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.  åÓÌÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉͣΠÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ
	ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ É ÉÍÅÅÔ ÈÏÒÏÛÉÊ ËÁÎÁÌ Ó×ÑÚÉ, ÔÏ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÔÁËÏÊ
	ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÈÏÒÏÛÉÊ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ.

      <warning>
	<para><hostid role="ipaddr">127.0.0.1</hostid> ÚÄÅÓØ
	  ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ <emphasis>ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ</emphasis>.  éÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ
	  ÅÇÏ ÎÁ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉͣΠÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ.</para>
      </warning>

      <programlisting>/*
	   Modern versions of BIND use a random UDP port for each outgoing
	   query by default in order to dramatically reduce the possibility
	   of cache poisoning.  All users are strongly encouraged to utilize
	   this feature, and to configure their firewalls to accommodate it.

	   AS A LAST RESORT in order to get around a restrictive firewall
	   policy you can try enabling the option below.  Use of this option
	   will significantly reduce your ability to withstand cache poisoning
	   attacks, and should be avoided if at all possible.

	   Replace NNNNN in the example with a number between 49160 and 65530.
	*/
	// query-source address * port NNNNN;
};

// If you enable a local name server, don't forget to enter 127.0.0.1
// first in your /etc/resolv.conf so this server will be queried.
// Also, make sure to enable it in /etc/rc.conf.

// The traditional root hints mechanism. Use this, OR the slave zones below.
zone "." { type hint; file "/etc/namedb/named.root"; };

/*	Slaving the following zones from the root name servers has some
	significant advantages:
	1. Faster local resolution for your users
	2. No spurious traffic will be sent from your network to the roots
	3. Greater resilience to any potential root server failure/DDoS

	On the other hand, this method requires more monitoring than the
	hints file to be sure that an unexpected failure mode has not
	incapacitated your server.  Name servers that are serving a lot
	of clients will benefit more from this approach than individual
	hosts.  Use with caution.

	To use this mechanism, uncomment the entries below, and comment
	the hint zone above.

	As documented at http://dns.icann.org/services/axfr/ these zones:
	"." (the root), ARPA, IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, and ROOT-SERVERS.NET
	are available for AXFR from these servers on IPv4 and IPv6:
	xfr.lax.dns.icann.org, xfr.cjr.dns.icann.org
*/
/*
zone "." {
	type slave;
	file "/etc/namedb/slave/root.slave";
	masters {
		192.5.5.241;	// F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
	};
	notify no;
};

zone "arpa" {
	type slave;
	file "/etc/namedb/slave/arpa.slave";
	masters {
		192.5.5.241;	// F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
	};
	notify no;
};
*/

/*	Serving the following zones locally will prevent any queries
	for these zones leaving your network and going to the root
	name servers.  This has two significant advantages:
	1. Faster local resolution for your users
	2. No spurious traffic will be sent from your network to the roots
*/
// RFCs 1912 and 5735 (and BCP 32 for localhost)
zone "localhost"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/localhost-forward.db"; };
zone "127.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/localhost-reverse.db"; };
zone "255.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// RFC 1912-style zone for IPv6 localhost address
zone "0.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/localhost-reverse.db"; };

// "This" Network (RFCs 1912 and 5735)
zone "0.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// Private Use Networks (RFCs 1918 and 5735)
zone "10.in-addr.arpa"	   { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "16.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "17.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "18.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "19.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "20.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "21.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "22.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "23.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "24.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "25.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "26.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "27.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "28.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "29.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "30.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "31.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// Link-local/APIPA (RFCs 3927 and 5735)
zone "254.169.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// IETF protocol assignments (RFCs 5735 and 5736)
zone "0.0.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// TEST-NET-[1-3] for Documentation (RFCs 5735 and 5737)
zone "2.0.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "100.51.198.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "113.0.203.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// IPv6 Range for Documentation (RFC 3849)
zone "8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// Domain Names for Documentation and Testing (BCP 32)
zone "test" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "example" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "invalid" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "example.com" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "example.net" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "example.org" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// Router Benchmark Testing (RFCs 2544 and 5735)
zone "18.198.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "19.198.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// IANA Reserved - Old Class E Space (RFC 5735)
zone "240.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "241.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "242.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "243.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "244.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "245.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "246.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "247.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "248.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "249.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "250.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "251.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "252.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "253.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "254.in-addr.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// IPv6 Unassigned Addresses (RFC 4291)
zone "1.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "3.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "4.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "5.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "6.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "7.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "8.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "9.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "a.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "b.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "c.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "d.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "e.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "0.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "1.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "2.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "3.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "4.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "5.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "6.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "7.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "8.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "9.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "a.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "b.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "0.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "1.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "2.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "3.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "4.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "5.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "6.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "7.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// IPv6 ULA (RFC 4193)
zone "c.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "d.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// IPv6 Link Local (RFC 4291)
zone "8.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "9.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "a.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "b.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// IPv6 Deprecated Site-Local Addresses (RFC 3879)
zone "c.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "d.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "e.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };
zone "f.e.f.ip6.arpa"	{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// IP6.INT is Deprecated (RFC 4159)
zone "ip6.int"		{ type master; file "/etc/namedb/master/empty.db"; };

// NB: Do not use the IP addresses below, they are faked, and only
// serve demonstration/documentation purposes!
//
// Example slave zone config entries.  It can be convenient to become
// a slave at least for the zone your own domain is in.  Ask
// your network administrator for the IP address of the responsible
// master name server.
//
// Do not forget to include the reverse lookup zone!
// This is named after the first bytes of the IP address, in reverse
// order, with ".IN-ADDR.ARPA" appended, or ".IP6.ARPA" for IPv6.
//
// Before starting to set up a master zone, make sure you fully
// understand how DNS and BIND work.  There are sometimes
// non-obvious pitfalls.  Setting up a slave zone is usually simpler.
//
// NB: Don't blindly enable the examples below. :-)  Use actual names
// and addresses instead.

/* An example dynamic zone
key "exampleorgkey" {
	algorithm hmac-md5;
	secret "sf87HJqjkqh8ac87a02lla==";
};
zone "example.org" {
	type master;
	allow-update {
		key "exampleorgkey";
	};
	file "dynamic/example.org";
};
*/

/* Example of a slave reverse zone
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
	type slave;
	file "/etc/namedb/slave/1.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
	masters {
		192.168.1.1;
	};
};
*/</programlisting>

      <para>üÔÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÊ ÐÒÑÍÏÊ É ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÚÏÎ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>named.conf</filename> ÄÌÑ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍ£Î,
	× ÆÁÊÌ <filename>named.conf</filename> ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ
	ÚÁÐÉÓØ.</para>

      <para>ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÓÁÍÁÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ <hostid
	role="domainname">example.org</hostid> ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ×ÏÔ ÔÁË:</para>

      <programlisting>zone "example.org" {
	type master;
	file "master/example.org";
};</programlisting>

      <para>úÏÎÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÏÊ, ÞÔÏ ÏÔÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÏÌÅ
	<option>type</option>, É ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÚÏÎÅ ÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/namedb/master/example.org</filename>, ÞÔÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×
	ÐÏÌÅ <option>file</option>.</para>

      <programlisting>zone "example.org" {
	type slave;
	file "slave/example.org";
};</programlisting>

      <para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÎÅÊ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉͣΠÄÌÑ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ É ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔÓÑ × ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ.  åÓÌÉ
	É ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉͣΠ×ÙÈÏÄÉÔ É ÓÔÒÏÑ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÄÏÓÑÇÁÅÍ, ÔÏ
	ÓËÁÞÁÎÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÚÏÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ, É
	ÏÎÉ ÓÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÕ ÚÏÎÕ.</para>
    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>æÁÊÌÙ ÚÏÎ</title>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>BIND</primary>
	  <secondary>ÆÁÊÌÙ ÚÏÎ</secondary>
	</indexterm>

      <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÚÏÎÙ <hostid role="domainname">example.org</hostid>
	ÄÌÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ  (ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/namedb/master/example.org</filename>) ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÁËÏÊ
	×ÉÄ:</para>

	<programlisting>&dollar;TTL 3600        ; 1 hour default TTL
example.org.    IN      SOA      ns1.example.org. admin.example.org. (
                                2006051501      ; Serial
                                10800           ; Refresh
                                3600            ; Retry
                                604800          ; Expire
                                300             ; Negative Response TTL
                        )

; DNS Servers
                IN      NS      ns1.example.org.
                IN      NS      ns2.example.org.

; MX Records
                IN      MX 10   mx.example.org.
                IN      MX 20   mail.example.org.

                IN      A       192.168.1.1

; Machine Names
localhost       IN      A       127.0.0.1
ns1             IN      A       192.168.1.2
ns2             IN      A       192.168.1.3
mx              IN      A       192.168.1.4
mail            IN      A       192.168.1.5

; Aliases
www             IN      CNAME   example.org.</programlisting>

      <para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÈÏÓÔÏ×, ÏËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÎÁ <quote>.</quote>,
	ÚÁÄÁÀÔ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ, ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÂÅÚ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ <quote>.</quote> ÎÁ
	ËÏÎÃÅ ÓÞÉÔÁÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ origin.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
        <literal>ns1</literal> ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×
        <literal>ns1.<replaceable>example.org.</replaceable></literal></para>

      <para>æÁÊÌ ÚÏÎÙ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ:</para>

      <programlisting>recordname      IN recordtype  value</programlisting>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>DNS</primary>
	<secondary>ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ DNS:</para>

      <variablelist>
	<varlistentry>
	  <term>SOA</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÚÏÎÙ ÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>NS</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>Á×ÔÏÒÉÔÁÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍÅÎ</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>A</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÁÄÒÅÓ ÈÏÓÔÁ</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>CNAME</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ËÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÄÌÑ ÁÌÉÁÓÁ</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>MX</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÏÂÍÅÎ ÐÏÞÔÏÊ</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>PTR</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ ÎÁ ÄÏÍÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ (ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ÏÂÒÁÔÎÙÈ
	      ÚÏÎÁÈ DNS)</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>
      </variablelist>

      <programlisting>example.org. IN SOA ns1.example.org. admin.example.org. (
                        2006051501      ; Serial
                        10800           ; Refresh after 3 hours
                        3600            ; Retry after 1 hour
                        604800          ; Expire after 1 week
                        300 )           ; Negative Response TTL</programlisting>

      <variablelist>
	<varlistentry>
	  <term><hostid role="domainname">example.org.</hostid></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÉÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÒÉÄÖÉÎ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÚÏÎÙ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><hostid role="fqdn">ns1.example.org.</hostid></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ/Á×ÔÏÒÉÔÁÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉͣΠÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><literal>admin.example.org.</literal></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÞÅÌÏ×ÅË, ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÀÝÉÊ ÚÁ ÜÔÕ ÚÏÎÕ, ÁÄÒÅÓ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ Ó
	      ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ <quote>@</quote> ÚÁÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍ ÎÁ ÔÏÞËÕ.
	      (<email>admin@example.org</email>
	      ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ <literal>admin.example.org</literal>)</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><literal>2006051501</literal></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ.  ðÒÉ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	      ÚÏÎÙ ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ.  ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÌÑ
	      ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÙ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÀÔ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ
	      <literal>ÇÇÇÇÍÍÄÄ××</literal>.  <literal>2006051501</literal>
	      ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ
	      ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÒÁÚ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÌÓÑ 15.05.2006, Á ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ
	      <literal>01</literal>
	      ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÅÒ×ÁÑ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÚÁ ÄÅÎØ.
	      ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ ×ÁÖÅÎ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎ ÓÌÕÖÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	      ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÕÚÎÁ×ÁÌÉ Ï ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÚÏÎÙ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>
      </variablelist>

      <programlisting>       IN      NS      ns1.example.org.</programlisting>

      <para>üÔÏ NS-ÚÁÐÉÓØ.  ôÁËÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	×ÓÅÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× ÉÍ£Î, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÔØ ÚÁ ÚÏÎÕ.</para>

      <programlisting>localhost       IN      A       127.0.0.1
ns1             IN      A       192.168.1.2
ns2             IN      A       192.168.1.3
mx              IN      A       192.168.1.4
mail            IN      A       192.168.1.5</programlisting>

      <para>úÁÐÉÓÉ ÔÉÐÁ A ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÉͣΠÍÁÛÉÎ.  ëÁË ÜÔÏ ×ÉÄÎÏ
	×ÙÛÅ, ÉÍÑ <hostid role="fqdn">ns1.example.org</hostid> ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÏ × <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.1.2</hostid>.</para>

      <programlisting>       IN      A       192.168.1.1</programlisting>

	<para>üÔÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÐÒÉÓ×ÁÉ×ÁÅÔ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ
	  <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.1.1</hostid> ÔÅËÕÝÅÍÕ ÏÒÉÄÖÉÎÕ,
	  × ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÄÏÍÅÎÕ
	  <hostid role="domainname">example.org</hostid>.</para>

      <programlisting>www	     IN CNAME	@</programlisting>

      <para>úÁÐÉÓÉ Ó ËÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÉÍÉ ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎÉÑ
	ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏÎÉÍÏ×.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ <hostid>www</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	ÐÓÅ×ÄÏÎÉÍÏÍ ÄÌÑ <quote>ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ</quote> ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ÉÍÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÏ ×ÏÌÅ
	ÓÌÕÞÁÑ ÓÏ×ÐÁÌÏ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ
	<hostid role="domainname">example.org</hostid> (<hostid
	role="ipaddr">192.168.1.1</hostid>).
	úÁÐÉÓÉ ÔÉÐÁ CNAME ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
	ÔÉÐÁÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ É ÔÏÇÏ ÖÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ (recordname).</para>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>MX record</primary>
	</indexterm>

      <programlisting>	       IN MX   10      mail.example.org.</programlisting>

      <para>MX-ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ
	ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÀÔ ÚÁ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÅÊ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÏÎÙ.  <hostid
	role="fqdn">mail.example.org</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÇÏ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, Á 10 ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.</para>

      <para>íÏÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× Ó ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔÁÍÉ,
	ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, 10, 20 É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.
	ðÏÞÔÏ×ÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ÐÙÔÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÞÔÕ ÄÌÑ <hostid
	role="domainname">example.org</hostid>,
	ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÅÔ Ó×ÑÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ MX-ÚÁÐÉÓØ Ó ÓÁÍÙÍ
	ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔÏÍ (ÎÁÉÍÅÎØÛÉÍ ÞÉÓÌÏ×ÙÍ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅÍ × ÐÏÌÅ MX),
	ÚÁÔÅÍ Ó ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔÏÍ ÐÏÍÅÎØÛÅ É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ, ÄÏ ÔÅÈ
	ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÐÏÞÔÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÚÏÎ in-addr.arpa (ÏÂÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ DNS) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÔ
	ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ, ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ
	PTR ×ÍÅÓÔÏ A ÉÌÉ CNAME.</para>

        <programlisting>$TTL 3600

1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN SOA ns1.example.org. admin.example.org. (
                        2006051501      ; Serial
                        10800           ; Refresh
                        3600            ; Retry
                        604800          ; Expire
                        300 )           ; Negative Response TTL

        IN      NS      ns1.example.org.
        IN      NS      ns2.example.org.

1       IN      PTR     example.org.
2       IN      PTR     ns1.example.org.
3       IN      PTR     ns2.example.org.
4       IN      PTR     mx.example.org.
5       IN      PTR     mail.example.org.</programlisting>

      <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉͣΠÈÏÓÔÏ× IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ ×
	ÎÁÛÅÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÍ ÒÁÎÅÅ ×ÙÍÙÛÌÅÎÎÏÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÅ.</para>

      <para>óÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÔÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ × ÐÒÁ×ÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ PTR-ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
	ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÎÙÍÉ ÄÏÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ, ÚÁËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÞËÏÊ
	<quote>.</quote>).</para>
    </sect3>
  </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ëÜÛÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍ£Î</title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>BIND</primary>
	<secondary>ËÜÛÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍ£Î</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>ëÜÛÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉͣΠ&mdash; ÜÔÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍÅÎ, ÞØÑ ÇÌÁ×ÎÁÑ
	ÚÁÄÁÞÁ &mdash; ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ×.  ïÎ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
	ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÔ Ó×ÏÅÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ É ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title><acronym
	role="Domain Name Security Extensions">* DNSSEC</acronym></title>
      <indexterm>
	<primary>BIND</primary>
	<secondary>DNS security extensions</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÄÅÎ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>âÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ</title>

      <para>èÏÔÑ BIND Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÏÊ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ DNS, ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
	ÓÔÏÉÔ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ Ï ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.  ÷ÒÅÍÑ ÏÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ
	ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ É ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÅ ÂÒÅÛÉ × ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>

      <para>&os; Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ <application>named</application>
	× ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÍ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÉ (&man.chroot.8;); ÐÏÍÉÍÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ, ÅÓÔØ
	ÅÝÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ×, ÐÏÍÏÇÁÀÝÉÈ ÚÁÝÉÔÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ
	ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ <acronym>DNS</acronym>.</para>

      <para>÷ÅÓØÍÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <ulink
	url="http://www.cert.org/">CERT</ulink> É ÐÏÄÐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
	&a.security-notifications; ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÂÙÔØ × ËÕÒÓÅ
	ÔÅËÕÝÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ Internet É &os;.</para>

      <tip>
	<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ÔÏ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×
	  É Ó×ÅÖÅÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÏÇÏ <application>named</application> ÍÏÖÅÔ
	  ÓÐÏÓÏÂÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ Å£ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÀ.</para>
      </tip>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="dns-read">
      <title>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÌÉÔÅÒÁÔÕÒÁ</title>

      <para>óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ BIND/<application>named</application>:
	&man.rndc.8;, &man.named.8;, &man.named.conf.5;, &man.nsupdate.8;,
	&man.dnssec-signzone.8;, &man.dnssec-keygen.8;</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="https://www.isc.org/software/bind">
	    ïÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ISC BIND</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="https://www.isc.org/software/guild">
	    ïÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÆÏÒÕÍ ISC BIND</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/dns5/">
	    ëÎÉÇÁ ÉÚÄÁÔÅÌØÓÔ×Á O'Reilly DNS and BIND 5th Edition</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="http://www.root-dnssec.org/documentation/">Root
	    <acronym>DNSSEC</acronym></ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink
	    url="http://data.iana.org/root-anchors/draft-icann-dnssec-trust-anchor.html"><acronym>DNSSEC</acronym> Trust Anchor Publication for the Root
	    Zone</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034">RFC1034
	    - Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035">RFC1035
	    - Domain Names - Implementation and Specification</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4033">RFC4033
	    - DNS Security Introduction and Requirements</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4034">RFC4034
	    - Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4035">RFC4035
	    - Protocol Modifications for the DNS Security
	    Extensions</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4641">RFC4641
	    - DNSSEC Operational Practices</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5011">RFC5011
	    - Automated Updates of DNS Security (<acronym>DNSSEC</acronym>
	    Trust Anchors</ulink></para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-apache">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Murray</firstname>
	  <surname>Stokely</surname>
	  <contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>Apache HTTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</title>

    <indexterm><primary>×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ</primary>
      <secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</secondary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>Apache</primary></indexterm>

    <sect2>
      <title>ïÂÚÏÒ</title>

      <para>&os; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÉÚ ÓÁÍÙÈ
	ÎÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× × ÍÉÒÅ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× × ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ <application>Apache HTTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</application>.
	ðÁËÅÔÙ <application>Apache</application> ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ
	× ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ FreeBSD.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÉÈ ×Ï ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ <filename
	role="package">www/apache13</filename> ÉÌÉ <filename
	role="package">www/apache22</filename>.</para>

      <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ <application>Apache</application> ÂÙÌ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ
	ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ, ÅÇÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ.</para>

      <note><para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÒÁÓÓËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ï ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.3.X
	<application>Apache HTTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ</application>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
	ÜÔÁ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × &os;.
	<application>Apache</application>&nbsp;2.X
	ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÊ, ÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ.
	úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï
	<application>Apache</application>&nbsp;2.X, ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <ulink
	url="http://httpd.apache.org/"></ulink>.</para></note>

    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>Apache</primary>
	<secondary>ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ</secondary></indexterm>

      <para>÷ &os; ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ <application>Apache HTTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ</application>
	ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×
	<filename>/usr/local/etc/apache/httpd.conf</filename>.
	üÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ &unix; ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ Ó ÓÔÒÏËÁÍÉ
	ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÅ×, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÍÉÓÑ Ó ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ <literal>#</literal>.
	éÓÞÅÒÐÙ×ÁÀÝÅÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
	ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÚÁ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÏÍ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ËÎÉÇÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
	ÚÄÅÓØ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ
	ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ×Ù.</para>

      <variablelist>
	<varlistentry>
	  <term><literal>ServerRoot "/usr/local"</literal></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ×ÅÒÈÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
	      <application>Apache</application> ÐÏ
	      ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  âÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
	      <filename class="directory">bin</filename> É
	      <filename class="directory">sbin</filename>, ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ
	      ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÆÁÊÌÙ
	      ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
	      <filename class="directory">etc/apache</filename>.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><literal>ServerAdmin you@your.address</literal></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para>áÄÒÅÓ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ
	      ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ.  üÔÏÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ
	      ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ
	      ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ Ó ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÍÉ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><literal>ServerName www.example.com</literal></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><literal>ServerName</literal> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ,
	      ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÏ
	      ÏÔÌÉÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÈÏÓÔ
	      (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <hostid>www</hostid> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
	      ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ).</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term><literal>DocumentRoot "/usr/local/www/data"</literal></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><literal>DocumentRoot</literal>: ëÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÈÒÁÎÉÔØÓÑ
	      ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ×ÓÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ
	      ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ, ÎÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÓÓÙÌËÉ É ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	      ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>
      </variablelist>

      <para>èÏÒÏÛÅÊ ÉÄÅÅÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÅ ËÏÐÉÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË
	<application>Apache</application> ÐÅÒÅÄ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.   ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
	ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÅÎÙ ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ
	<application>Apache</application>.</para>

<!-- sect3 for performance tuning directives?  maxservers minservers -->
<!-- etc..?? -->

<!-- Advanced configuration section.

Performance tuning directives.

Log file format -->

    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>úÁÐÕÓË <application>Apache</application></title>

      <indexterm><primary>Apache</primary>
	<secondary>ÚÁÐÕÓË ÉÌÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ</secondary></indexterm>

      <para><application>Apache</application> ÎÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ
	<application>inetd</application>, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ
	ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ.  ïÎ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÄÌÑ Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ,
	ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÅ
	HTTP ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÏÔ ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒÏ× ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×.  äÌÑ ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ,
	ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ shell ÓËÒÉÐÔ.
	äÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ <application>Apache</application> × ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚ
	ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/sbin/apachectl start</userinput></screen>

      <para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ × ÌÀÂÏÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/sbin/apachectl stop</userinput></screen>

      <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
	ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/sbin/apachectl restart</userinput></screen>

      <para>äÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓËÁ <application>Apache</application> ÂÅÚ
	ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/sbin/apachectl graceful</userinput></screen>

      <para>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
	ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &man.apachectl.8;.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ <application>Apache</application> ÐÒÉ ÓÔÁÒÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
	ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>

      <programlisting>apache_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ <application>Apache</application> 2.2:</para>

      <programlisting>apache22_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ <application>Apache</application>
	<command>httpd</command> ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ
	ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÙ × ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ
	ÓÔÒÏËÕ <filename>rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>apache_flags=""</programlisting>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ Ó×ÏÊ ×ÅÂ
	ÓÁÊÔ, ÚÁÄÁ× × ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ
	<literal>http://localhost/</literal>.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ
	×Å ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ
	<filename>/usr/local/www/data/index.html</filename>.</para>

    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>÷ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔÉÎÇ</title>

      <para><application>Apache</application> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ
	ÔÉÐÁ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÉÎÇÁ (Virtual Hosting).  ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ
	ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÉÍÅÎÁÈ (Name-based Virtual Hosting).  ïÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
	ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÅ ÏÔ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÉ HTTP/1.1 ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÎÉ
	ÈÏÓÔÁ.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÁÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ <application>Apache</application> ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ ÈÏÓÔÉÎÇÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × <filename>httpd.conf</filename>
	ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÕÀ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ:</para>

      <programlisting>NameVirtualHost *</programlisting>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÌÓÑ <hostid role="fqdn">www.domain.tld</hostid> É
	×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÊ ÄÏÍÅÎ ÄÌÑ
	<hostid role="fqdn">www.someotherdomain.tld</hostid>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ
	× <filename>httpd.conf</filename> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ:</para>

      <screen>&lt;VirtualHost *&gt;
ServerName www.domain.tld
DocumentRoot /www/domain.tld
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;

&lt;VirtualHost *&gt;
ServerName www.someotherdomain.tld
DocumentRoot /www/someotherdomain.tld
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</screen>

      <para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ É ÐÕÔÉ Ë ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÍ ÎÁ ÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.</para>

      <para>úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ×
	ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÏÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÏÊ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ
	<application>Apache</application>: <ulink
	url="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/vhosts/"></ulink>.</para>

    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>íÏÄÕÌÉ Apache</title>

      <indexterm><primary>Apache</primary>
	<secondary>ÍÏÄÕÌÉ</secondary></indexterm>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ
	<application>Apache</application>,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ Ë ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍÕ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ.  ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <application>Apache</application>
	Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÍÉ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ
	ÍÏÄÕÌÑÍÉ.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>mod_ssl</title>

	<indexterm><primary>×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ</primary>
	  <secondary>ÚÁÝÉÔÁ</secondary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>SSL</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÑ</primary></indexterm>

	<para>íÏÄÕÌØ <application>mod_ssl</application> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
	  ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÕ OpenSSL ÄÌÑ
	  ÓÉÌØÎÏÊ ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ Secure Sockets Layer
	  (SSL v2/v3) É Transport Layer Security (TLS v1).
	  üÔÏÔ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ×ÓÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÅ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ
	  ÐÏÄÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒÔÉÆÉËÁÔÁ ÉÚ ÃÅÎÔÒÁ ÓÅÒÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ
	  ÄÌÑ ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎÎÏÇÏ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÎÁ &os;.</para>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ
	  <application>Apache</application>, ×ÅÒÓÉÑ
	  <application>Apache</application> 1.3.X Ó
	  <application>mod_ssl</application> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ
	  ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÒÔ <filename
	  role="package">www/apache13-modssl</filename>.
	  ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ SSL ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÄÌÑ
	  <application>Apache</application>&nbsp;2.X
	  ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÒÔ <filename role="package">www/apache22</filename>,
	  ÇÄÅ ÏÎÁ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.</para>

<!-- XXX add more information about configuring mod_ssl here. -->
<!-- Generating keys, getting the key signed, setting up your secure -->
<!-- web server! -->
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Apache É ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×ÙÅ ÑÚÙËÉ</title>

	<para>äÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×ÙÈ ÑÚÙËÏ× ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ Apache.
	  îÁ ÂÁÚÅ ÔÁËÉÈ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ Apache,
	  ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÎÁ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×ÏÍ ÑÚÙËÅ.  ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ËÁË ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÅ × ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÙ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓËÌÀÞÁÅÔ
	  ÎÁËÌÁÄÎÙÅ ÒÁÓÈÏÄÙ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÕÓË ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÁ É ÓÏËÒÁÝÁÅÔ
	  ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÓÁÊÔÏ×</title>

      <indexterm><primary>web servers</primary>
      <secondary>dynamic</secondary></indexterm>

      <para>÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÅ ÄÅÓÑÔÉÌÅÔÉÅ
	×ÓÅ ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
	ÎÁ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ËÁË ÐÌÏÝÁÄËÕ ÄÌÑ ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ É ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ ÂÉÚÎÅÓÁ.
	óÒÅÄÉ ÐÒÏÞÅÇÏ, ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÐÏÄÞÅÒËÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔØ ×
	ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÍ ÓÁÊÔÏ×.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË
	&microsoft;, ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ Ó×ÏÉ ÚÁËÒÙÔÙÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ; ÓÏÏÂÝÅÓÔ×Ï
	ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÎÁ ×ÙÚÏ×.
	óÒÅÄÉ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÊ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ
	ËÏÎÔÅÎÔÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÔÍÅÔÉÔØ Django, Ruby on Rails,
	<application>mod_perl</application> É
	<application>mod_php</application>.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>Django</title>

	<indexterm><primary>Python</primary></indexterm>
	<indexterm><primary>Django</primary></indexterm>

	<para>Django &mdash; ÜÔÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÍÁÑ ÐÏÄ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÅÊ BSD
	  ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÁÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁÍ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
	  ÜÌÅÇÁÎÔÎÙÅ, ×ÙÓÏËÏÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ×ÅÂ-ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ.  ïÎÁ
	  ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ × ÒÁÓÐÏÒÑÖÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ ÏÂßÅËÔÎÏ-ÒÅÌÑÃÉÏÎÎÏÅ
	  ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ (object-relational mapper), ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÔÉÐÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
	  ÒÁÚÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ËÁË ÏÂßÅËÔÙ Python.  äÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ×
	  ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÇÁÔÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÂÁÚÁÍ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ
	  Õ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ ÎÅ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ SQL-ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ×.
	  Django ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÑÅÍÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÛÁÂÌÏÎÏ×,
	  ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÌÏÇÉËÁ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅÌÅÎÁ ÏÔ ÅÇÏ
	  HTML-ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.</para>

	<para>äÌÑ Django ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ:
	  <application>mod_python</application>,
	  <application>Apache</application> É ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ
	  SQL óõâä.  õËÁÖÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÓÂÏÒËÉ, É ÐÏÒÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔ
	  ×Ó£ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÅ.</para>

	<example id="network-www-django-install">
	  <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Django ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó Apache2, mod_python3 É
	    PostgreSQL</title>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/py-django; make all install clean -DWITH_MOD_PYTHON3 -DWITH_POSTGRESQL</userinput></screen>
	</example>

	<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Django É ×ÓÅÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÅÍÕ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×
	  ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ Django.  äÁÌÅÅ
	  ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ Apache ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ URL ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ
	  ÓÁÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ×ÁÛÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÏÍ
	  Python.</para>

	<example id="network-www-django-apache-config">
	  <title>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ Apache ÄÌÑ Django/mod_python</title>

	  <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ Apache ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ
	    URL ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ×ÅÂ-ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÀ, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÎÅÓÔÉ
	    ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÒÏË × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ
	    <filename>httpd.conf</filename>:</para>

	  <screen>&lt;Location "/"&gt;
    SetHandler python-program
    PythonPath "['/dir/to/your/django/packages/'] + sys.path"
    PythonHandler django.core.handlers.modpython
    SetEnv DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE mysite.settings
    PythonAutoReload On
    PythonDebug On
&lt;/Location&gt;</screen>
	</example>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>Ruby on Rails</title>

	<indexterm><primary>Ruby on Rails</primary></indexterm>

	<para>Ruby on Rails ÜÔÏ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÎÁ ×Å ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ Ó ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÍ
	  ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍ ËÏÄÏÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÔÅË ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ
	  É ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎa ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ É ÂÙÓÔÒÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
	  ÍÏÝÎÙÈ ×ÅÂ-ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.  Ruby on Rails ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÌÅÇËÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ
	  ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/rubygem-rails; make all install clean</userinput></screen>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>mod_perl</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>mod_perl</primary>
	  <secondary>Perl</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>ðÒÏÅËÔ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÃÉÉ
	  <application>Apache</application>/Perl ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÅÔ ÍÏÝØ
	  ÑÚÙËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Perl É HTTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
	  <application>Apache</application>.
	  ó ÍÏÄÕÌÅÍ <application>mod_perl</application> ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
	  ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ <application>Apache</application>
	  ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÎÁ Perl.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ
	  ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÎÙÊ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ × ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒ
	  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÎÅ ÔÒÁÔÉÔØ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÕÓË ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ
	  ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÁ É ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÕÓË Perl.</para>

	  <para><application>mod_perl</application> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	    ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ.  ðÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
	    <application>mod_perl</application> 1.0 ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó
	    <application>Apache</application> 1.3, ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË
	    <application>mod_perl</application> 2.0 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó
	    <application>Apache</application> 2.X.
	    <application>mod_perl</application> 1.0 ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ËÁË ÐÏÒÔ <filename
	    role="package">www/mod_perl</filename>, Á ÔÁËÖÅ × ×ÉÄÅ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
	    ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ × <filename
	    role="package">www/apache13-modperl</filename>.
	    <application>mod_perl</application> 2.0 ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ËÁË <filename
	    role="package">www/mod_perl2</filename>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<sect3info>
	  <authorgroup>
	    <author>
	      <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	      <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	      <contrib>îÁÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
	    </author>
	  </authorgroup>
	</sect3info>

	<title>mod_php</title>

	<indexterm>
	  <primary>mod_php</primary>
	  <secondary>PHP</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<para>PHP, ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ËÁË <quote>ðÒÅÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÇÉÐÅÒÔÅËÓÔÁ</quote>
	  (<quote>Hypertext Preprocessor</quote>), &mdash;
	  ÜÔÏ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×ÙÊ ÑÚÙË ÏÂÝÅÇÏ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÊ
	  ÄÌÑ ×Å ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÑÚÙË ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎ ×
	  <acronym>HTML</acronym>, ÅÇÏ ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ ÉÚ C, &java;
	  É Perl, É ÏÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×Å ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁÍ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÐÉÓÁÔØ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ
	  ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ.</para>

	<para>äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ <acronym>PHP</acronym>5 Ë ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ
	  <application>Apache</application> ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
	  ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename role="package">lang/mod_php5</filename>.</para>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÏÒÔ <filename role="package">lang/php5</filename>
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÐÅÒ×ÙÅ, ÔÏ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÑÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ
	  ÏÐÃÉÉ (<literal>OPTIONS</literal>).  åÓÌÉ ÍÅÎÀ ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ,
	  ÔÁË ËÁË ÐÏÒÔ <filename
	  role="package">lang/php5</filename> ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÓÑ ÒÁÎÅÅ, ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
	  ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÁÌÏÇ ÍÅÎÀ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ× ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	  × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make config</userinput></screen>

	<para>÷ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ × ÍÅÎÀ ÏÐÃÉÀ <literal>APACHE</literal>,
	  ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ×Ù ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÊ ÍÏÄÕÌØ
	  <application>mod_php5</application> ÄÌÑ ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
	  <application>Apache</application>.</para>

	<note>
	  <para>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÁÊÔÏ× ÐÏ ÒÁÚÎÙÍ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ
	    ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÉÌÉ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÕÖÅ ÒÁÚ×£ÒÎÕÔÙÈ
	    ×Å ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ)
	    ×Ó£ ÅÝÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ <acronym>PHP</acronym>4.  åÓÌÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
	    <application>mod_php4</application> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
	    <application>mod_php5</application>, ÔÏ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ
	    ÐÏÒÔÏÍ <filename role="package">lang/php4</filename>.
	    ðÏÒÔ <filename role="package">lang/php4</filename> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
	    ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ ÐÏÒÔÁ
	    <filename role="package">lang/php5</filename>.</para>
	</note>

	<para>üÔÏÔ ÐÏÒÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ É ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ
	  ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉÈ <acronym>PHP</acronym> ×Å ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ.
	  õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ × ÆÁÊÌ
	  <filename>/usr/local/etc/apache/httpd.conf</filename> ÂÙÌÉ
	  ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÅËÃÉÉ:</para>

	<programlisting>LoadModule php5_module        libexec/apache/libphp5.so</programlisting>

	<programlisting>AddModule mod_php5.c
    &lt;IfModule mod_php5.c&gt;
        DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    &lt;/IfModule&gt;
    &lt;IfModule mod_php5.c&gt;
        AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
        AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
    &lt;/IfModule&gt;</programlisting>

	<para>äÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ <acronym>PHP</acronym>
	  ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÚÏ×ÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	  <command>apachectl</command> Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ graceful:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>apachectl graceful</userinput></screen>

	<para>ðÒÉ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑÈ <acronym>PHP</acronym> ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
	  <command>make config</command> ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ; ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÅ
	  ÏÐÃÉÉ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÏÊ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os;</para>

	<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ <acronym>PHP</acronym> × &os; ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ ÐÏ
	  ÍÏÄÕÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÒÉÎÃÉÐÕ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÂÁÚÏ×ÁÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÏÂÌÁÄÁÅÔ ÏÞÅÎØ
	  ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØÀ.  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÌÅÇËÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename
	  role="package">lang/php5-extensions</filename>, ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÅÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ
	  ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÊ <acronym>PHP</acronym> ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÅÎÀ, ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÕÔÅÍ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>

	<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
	  <application>MySQL</application> Ë <acronym>PHP</acronym>5,
	  ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÏÒÔ
	  <filename>databases/php5-mysql</filename>.</para>

	  <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
	    <application>Apache</application> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÒÅÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÎ,
	    ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ×ÓÔÕÐÉÌÉ × ÓÉÌÕ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>apachectl graceful</userinput></screen>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-samba">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Murray</firstname>
	  <surname>Stokely</surname>
	  <contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>æÁÊÌ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ É ÐÅÞÁÔØ ÄÌÑ &microsoft.windows; ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×
      (Samba)</title>

    <indexterm><primary>Samba ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm><primary>Microsoft Windows</primary></indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÆÁÊÌ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</primary>
      <secondary>Windows ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ</secondary>
    </indexterm>
    <indexterm>
      <primary>ÐÒÉÎÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ</primary>
      <secondary>Windows ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ</secondary>
    </indexterm>

    <sect2>
      <title>ïÂÚÏÒ</title>

      <para><application>Samba</application> ÜÔÏ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ
	ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ Ó ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÍÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ É ÐÒÉÎÔ-ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ &microsoft.windows; ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ.
	üÔÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÅ
	ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï FreeBSD, ËÁË ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË,
	ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÙ FreeBSD, ËÁË ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌÉ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ
	ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÙ.</para>

      <para>ðÁËÅÔ <application>Samba</application> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ
	× ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ FreeBSD.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ
	<application>Samba</application> ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
	ÅÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÅÔÁ <filename
	role="package">net/samba34</filename>.</para>

<!-- mention LDAP, Active Directory, WinBIND, ACL, Quotas, PAM, .. -->

    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>

      <para>æÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ <application>Samba</application> ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×
	<filename>/usr/local/share/examples/samba34/smb.conf.default</filename>.
	üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×
	<filename>/usr/local/etc/smb.conf</filename> É ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	ÐÅÒÅÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ <application>Samba</application>.</para>

      <para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>smb.conf</filename> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ,
	ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ <application>Samba</application>,
	ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÏ× É <quote>ÏÂÝÉÈ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×</quote>,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó &windows; ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍÉ.
	÷ ÐÁËÅÔ <application>Samba</application> ×ÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ Ó
	×Å ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ <application>swat</application>,
	ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÄÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>smb.conf</filename>.</para>

      <sect3>
	<title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Samba Web Administration Tool (SWAT)</title>

	<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ×Å ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Samba (Samba Web
	  Administration Tool, SWAT) ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÉÚ
	  <application>inetd</application>.  óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, ×
	  <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÎÑÔØ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÊ
	  ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <application>swat</application> ÄÌÑ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ <application>Samba</application>:</para>

	<programlisting>swat   stream  tcp     nowait/400      root    /usr/local/sbin/swat    swat</programlisting>

	<para>ëÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × <xref linkend="network-inetd-reread">,
	  ÐÏÓÌÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË <application>inetd</application>
	  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÁÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ.</para>

	<para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ <application>swat</application> ÂÙÌ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ
	  <filename>inetd.conf</filename>, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë <ulink
	  url="http://localhost:901"></ulink>.
	  óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÊ
	  ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ <username>root</username>.</para>

<!-- XXX screenshots go here, loader is creating them -->

	<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÇÏ ×ÈÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
	  <application>Samba</application>, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ
	  ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÉÌÉ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ, ÎÁÖÁ× ÎÁ ËÎÏÐËÕ
	  <guimenu>Globals</guimenu>.  òÁÚÄÅÌ <guimenu>Globals</guimenu>
	  ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ,
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <literal>[global]</literal> ÆÁÊÌÁ
	  <filename>/usr/local/etc/smb.conf</filename>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>çÌÏÂÁÌØÎÙÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ</title>

	<para>îÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÌÉ ×Ù
	  <application>swat</application>, ÉÌÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÔÅ
	  <filename>/usr/local/etc/smb.conf</filename> ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ,
	  ÐÅÒ×ÙÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ×Ù, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÉ
	  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ <application>Samba</application>, ÂÕÄÕÔ
	  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ:</para>

	<variablelist>
	  <varlistentry>
	    <term><literal>workgroup</literal></term>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>éÍÑ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ ÉÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ NT ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×,
		ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ.</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </varlistentry>

	  <varlistentry>
	    <term><literal>netbios name</literal></term>
	    <indexterm><primary>NetBIOS</primary></indexterm>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÍÑ NetBIOS, ÐÏÄ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ
		ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ <application>Samba</application> ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.  ðÏ
		ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
		ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÕ DNS ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ.</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </varlistentry>

	  <varlistentry>
	    <term><literal>server string</literal></term>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
		<command>net view</command> É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍÉ
		ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÀÔ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ
		ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </varlistentry>
	</variablelist>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</title>

	<para>ä×Å ÉÚ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ×
	  <filename>/usr/local/etc/smb.conf</filename> ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÀÔ ÚÁ
	  ×ÙÂÏÒ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÚÁ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ ÄÌÑ
	  ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×.  üÔÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ
	  ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ×ÁÍÉ:</para>

	<variablelist>
	  <varlistentry>
	    <term><literal>security</literal></term>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>ä×Á ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÜÔÏ
		<literal>security = share</literal> É <literal>security
		= user</literal>.  åÓÌÉ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÄÌÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×
		ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÀÔ Ó ÉÈ ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ &os;, ×Ù ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
		ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (user).
		üÔÏ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÁ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÏÎÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ,
		ÞÔÏÂÙ ËÌÉÅÎÔ Á×ÔÏÒÉÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ Ë ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ
		ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍ.</para>

	      <para>îÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ share ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
		×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ Ë ÒÅÓÕÒÓÕ.
		üÔÁ ÍÏÄÅÌØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁÓØ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
		× ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ <application>Samba</application>.</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </varlistentry>

	  <varlistentry>
	    <term><literal>passdb backend</literal></term>

	    <indexterm><primary>NIS+</primary></indexterm>
	    <indexterm><primary>LDAP</primary></indexterm>
	    <indexterm><primary>SQL ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ</primary></indexterm>

	    <listitem>
	      <para><application>Samba</application> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
		ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
		ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ LDAP, NIS+,
		ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ SQL, ÉÌÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ
		ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ.  íÅÔÏÄ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
		<literal>smbpasswd</literal>, É ÚÄÅÓØ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
		ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÎ.</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </varlistentry>
	</variablelist>

	<para>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
	  <literal>smbpasswd</literal>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
	  <filename>/usr/local/etc/samba/smbpasswd</filename>, ÞÔÏÂÙ
	  <application>Samba</application> ÍÏÇÌÁ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	  ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ Ë ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍ
	  &unix; ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ó &windows; ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>smbpasswd -a username</userinput></screen>

	<note>
	  <para>îÙÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍÏÊ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
	    <literal>tdbsam</literal>, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>pdbedit <option>-a</option> <option>-u</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></command></userinput></screen>
	</note>

	<para>ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <ulink url="http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/">Official Samba HOWTO</ulink>
	  ÚÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÈ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.
	  ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ, ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÙ ÄÌÑ
	  ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ <application>Samba</application>.</para>
      </sect3>

    </sect2>
    <sect2>
      <title>úÁÐÕÓË <application>Samba</application></title>

      <para>ðÏÒÔ <filename role="package">net/samba34</filename> ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
	ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÊ ÓÃÅÎÁÒÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ
	<application>Samba</application>.  äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ
	ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ, ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
	<application>Samba</application>, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ
	× ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>samba_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>éÌÉ, ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÔÏÎËÏÇÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ:</para>

      <programlisting>nmbd_enable="YES"</programlisting>
      <programlisting>smbd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <note>
	<para>÷ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
	  ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
	  <application>Samba</application> ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
      </note>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
	<application>Samba</application>, ÄÌÑ ÞÅÇÏ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba start</userinput>
Starting SAMBA: removing stale tdbs :
Starting nmbd.
Starting smbd.</screen>

      <para>úÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ rc ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×
	ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="configtuning-rcd">.</para>

      <para><application>Samba</application> ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÔÒÅÈ
	ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏ×.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÉÄÅÔØ, ÞÔÏ
	<application>nmbd</application> É <application>smbd</application>
	ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏÍ <filename>samba</filename>.
	åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ËÌÀÞÉÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÎ winbind
	× <filename>smb.conf</filename>, ÔÏ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ
	ÚÁÐÕÓË ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ <application>winbindd</application>.</para>

      <para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ <application>Samba</application> × ÌÀÂÏÊ
	ÍÏÍÅÎÔ, ÎÁÂÒÁ×:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba stop</userinput></screen>

      <para><application>Samba</application> ÜÔÏ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÊ
	ÎÁÂÏÒ Ó ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØÀ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÅÊ ÐÏÌÎÕÀ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÃÉÀ × ÓÅÔÉ
	&microsoft.windows;.  úÁ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÈ,
	×ÙÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÚÁ ÒÁÍËÉ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÊ ÚÄÅÓØ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ,
	ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <ulink url="http://www.samba.org"></ulink>.</para>
    </sect2>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-ftp">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Murray</firstname>
	  <surname>Stokely</surname>
	  <contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>
    <title>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× (FTP)</title>

    <indexterm><primary>FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ</primary></indexterm>

    <sect2>
      <title>ïÂÚÏÒ</title>

      <para>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× (File Transfer Protocol, FTP) ÄÁÅÔ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÐÕÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁ É Ó <acronym
	role="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</acronym> ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ. ÷ &os;
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <acronym
	role="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</acronym>,
	<application>ftpd</application>, ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.
	üÔÏ ÕÐÒÏÝÁÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <acronym
	role="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</acronym> ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ×
	FreeBSD.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>

      <para>îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÊ ÛÁÇ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÉ ÔÏÇÏ,
	ËÁËÉÍ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÅÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ
	Ë FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ.  ÷ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD ÅÓÔØ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
	ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁÍÉ,
	ÎÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎ ×ÈÏÄ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
	ÜÔÉÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ.  ÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/ftpusers</filename>
	ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÐÏ
	FTP.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÎ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ
	ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÎÏ × ÎÅÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ É ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÐÏ FTP.</para>

      <para>÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÂÅÚ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ FTP.
	üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/ftpchroot</filename>.
	÷ ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÇÒÕÐÐ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ
	ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.  îÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
	&man.ftpchroot.5; ÄÁÎÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ, É ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
	ÄÕÂÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÄÅÓØ.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>FTP</primary>
	<secondary>ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÊ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÊ FTP ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÎÁ
	ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	<username>ftp</username>.  üÔÏÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ
	×ÈÏÄÉÔØ ÎÁ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	<username>ftp</username> ÉÌÉ <username>anonymous</username>,
	Ó ÌÀÂÙÍ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÍ (ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
	ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÁÒÏÌÑ).
	FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔ &man.chroot.2; ÐÒÉ ×ÈÏÄÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	anonymous ÄÌÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏÍ
	ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <username>ftp</username>.</para>

      <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ Ä×Á ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÝÉÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ,
	ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍÏÅ FTP ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ.  óÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ
	<filename>/etc/ftpwelcome</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ
	ÐÅÒÅÄ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÇÏ ×ÈÏÄÁ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>/etc/ftpmotd</filename>.
	ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÕÔØ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÕ ÚÁÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
	ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ
	ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ <filename>~ftp/etc/ftpmotd</filename>.</para>

      <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÂÙÌ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ, ÏÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
	ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ × <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>.  ÷ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ
	ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ, ÜÔÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑ
	<quote>#</quote> ÉÚ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
	<application>ftpd</application>:</para>

      <programlisting>ftp	stream	tcp	nowait	root	/usr/libexec/ftpd	ftpd -l</programlisting>

      <para>ëÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × <xref linkend="network-inetd-reread">,
	<application>inetd</application> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÁÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ
	ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÂÙÌ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ.  ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ
	ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="network-inetd-settings"> ÚÁ ÄÅÔÁÌÑÍÉ
	ÐÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÕ <application>inetd</application> ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</para>

      <para>÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Ù, ÄÅÍÏÎ <application>ftpd</application>
	ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ËÁË ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
	ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>ftpd_enable="YES"</programlisting>

      <para>äÅÍÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÒÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
	ôÁËÖÅ ÄÅÍÏÎ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, ÄÌÑ ÞÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>root</username>:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/ftpd start</userinput></screen>

      <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÊÔÉ ÎÁ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ××ÅÄÑ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ftp localhost</userinput></screen>

    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ</title>

      <indexterm><primary>syslog</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>ÌÏÇ ÆÁÊÌÙ</primary>
	<secondary>FTP</secondary></indexterm>

      <para>äÌÑ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ <application>ftpd</application>
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ &man.syslog.3;.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, &man.syslog.3;
	ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë FTP, × ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/var/log/xferlog</filename>.  íÅÓÔÏÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ
	ÌÏÇ ÆÁÊÌÁ FTP ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ
	ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename>:</para>

      <programlisting>ftp.info      /var/log/xferlog</programlisting>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>FTP</primary>
	<secondary>ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÊ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>õÞÉÔÙ×ÁÊÔÅ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÝÉÅ Ó
	ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÍ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ.  ÷ ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Ä×ÁÖÄÙ
	ÐÏÄÕÍÁÔØ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔØ ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ
	ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ
	FTP ÓÁÊÔ ÓÔÁÌ ÆÏÒÕÍÏÍ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÏÂÍÅÎ
	ÎÅÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÙÍ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÍ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÍ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ
	ÉÌÉ ÞÅÍ-ÔÏ ÅÝÅ ÈÕÖÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ
	ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÕÀ ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁ FTP, ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ
	ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
	ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÄÏ ÉÈ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-ntp">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Hukins</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>óÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÞÁÓÏ× ÞÅÒÅÚ NTP</title>

    <indexterm><primary>NTP</primary></indexterm>

    <sect2>
      <title>ïÂÚÏÒ</title>

      <para>ó ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÞÁÓÙ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÔÅÎÄÅÎÃÉÀ ÏÔÓÔÁ×ÁÔØ.
	Network Time
	Protocol - óÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÷ÒÅÍÅÎÉ (<acronym role="Network
	Time Protocol">NTP</acronym>) Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ×
	×ÅÓÔÉ ÔÏÞÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ.</para>

      <para>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÏÐÉÒÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÌÉ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ
	ÞÁÓÏ× ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ×ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÎÁ
	ÐÏÓÙÌËÕ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎ.  ÷ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ
	ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÞÁÓÙ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×, ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÙ,
	ÂÙÌÉ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÏÓØ
	ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ. ôÁËÉÅ ÓÌÕÖÂÙ, ËÁË
	&man.cron.8;, ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ
	ÞÁÓÏ×, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ.</para>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>NTP</primary>
	<secondary>ntpd</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>FreeBSD ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ <acronym role="Network Time
	Protocol">NTP</acronym> &man.ntpd.8;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ
	ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÏÓÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× NTP ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÁÓÏ× ÎÁ
	×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÌÕÇ ÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>÷ÙÂÏÒ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× NTP</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>NTP</primary>
	<secondary>×ÙÂÏÒ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <para>äÌÑ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÞÁÓÏ× ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	ÏÄÉÎ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× NTP.  ÷ÁÛ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ
	ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NTP ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÃÅÌÉ&mdash;ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
	ÎÉÍ, ÔÁË ÌÉ ÜÔÏ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ.  óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ <ulink
	url="http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Servers/WebHome">ÏÎÌÁÊÎ ÓÐÉÓÏË
	ÏÂÝÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× NTP</ulink>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÅÇÏ Ë ×ÁÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NTP.  îÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÕ
	×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÏÇÏ ×ÁÍÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ É ÓÐÒÏÓÉÔØ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ
	ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.</para>

      <para>÷ÙÂÏÒ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÎÅÓ×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× NTP Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÊ ÉÄÅÅÊ ×
	ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ×ÁÍÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× ÓÔÁÎÅÔ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍ
	ÉÌÉ ÅÇÏ ÞÁÓÙ ÎÅÔÏÞÎÙ.  &man.ntpd.8; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÎ
	ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× Ó ÕÍÏÍ&mdash;ÏÎ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÅÎÉÅ
	ÎÁÄÅÖÎÙÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍ.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>NTP</primary>
	<secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      <sect3>
	<title>âÁÚÏ×ÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ</title>

	<indexterm><primary>ntpdate</primary></indexterm>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÛÉ ÞÁÓÙ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ
	  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ &man.ntpdate.8;.  üÔÏ
	  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÙÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ
	  ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÀÔÓÑ É ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÉÚÒÅÄËÁ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÎÏ
	  ÎÁ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÍÁÛÉÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ &man.ntpd.8;.</para>

	<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ &man.ntpdate.8; ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÄÌÑ
	  ÍÁÛÉÎ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ &man.ntpd.8;.  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
	  &man.ntpd.8; ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÔÅÐÅÎÎÏ, ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË &man.ntpdate.8;
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÒÅÍÑ ×ÎÅ
	  ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÅÌÉËÁ ÒÁÚÎÉÃÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÔÅËÕÝÉÍ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÅÍ
	  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ É ÔÏÞÎÙÍ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÅÍ.</para>

	<para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ &man.ntpdate.8; ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ
	  <literal>ntpdate_enable="YES"</literal> × ÆÁÊÌ
	  <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
	  ×ÓÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, É ×ÓÅ
	  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÀÔÓÑ × &man.ntpdate.8;, ×
	  <varname>ntpdate_flags</varname>.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>NTP</primary>

	  <secondary>ntp.conf</secondary>
	</indexterm>

	<title>ïÂÝÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ</title>

	<para>NTP ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename>,
	  ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ × &man.ntp.conf.5;.  ÷ÏÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ
	  ÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>

	<programlisting>server ntplocal.example.com prefer
server timeserver.example.org
server ntp2a.example.net

driftfile /var/db/ntp.drift</programlisting>

	<para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>server</literal> ÚÁÄÁÅÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÐÏ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ × ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ.  åÓÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÚÁÄÁÎ Ó
	  ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ <literal>prefer</literal>, ËÁË <hostid
	  role="fqdn">ntplocal.example.com</hostid>, ÔÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÏÔÄÁÅÔÓÑ
	  ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÍÉ.  ïÔ×ÅÔ ÏÔ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
	  ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÂÒÏÛÅÎ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÔ×ÅÔÏ× ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
	  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×, × ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÂÅÚÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
	  Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁÍ.  áÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ <literal>prefer</literal> ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× NTP, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÏÞÅÎØ
	  ÔÏÞÎÙ, ÔÁËÉÍÉ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÅ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
	  ÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.</para>

	<para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>driftfile</literal> ÚÁÄÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÞÁÓÔÏÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÞÁÓÏ×.
	  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &man.ntpd.8; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ËÏÍÐÅÎÓÁÃÉÉ
	  ÅÓÔÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÞÁÓÏ×, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÅÍÕ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
	  ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÕÀ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÅÒÉÏÄ ÏÔËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ
	  ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.</para>

	<para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>driftfile</literal> ÚÁÄÁÅÔ, ËÁËÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁÈ ÏÔ
	  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× NTP, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ.  üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÀÀ
	  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÄÌÑ NTP.  ïÎ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØÓÑ ÎÉËÁËÉÍÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
	  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÍÉ.</para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
	<title>õÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ Ë ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ</title>

	<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ÁÛ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NTP ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ×ÓÅÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ×
	  éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>restrict</literal> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	  <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ,
	  ËÁËÉÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ë ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ.</para>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ×ÓÅÍ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ë ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ
	  NTP, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ×
	  ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename>:</para>

	<programlisting>restrict default ignore</programlisting>

	<note>
	  <para>üÔÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÔÉÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
	    ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
	    Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍ, ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÍ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ.
	    åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÛ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Ó ×ÎÅÛÎÉÍ
	    ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ NTP, ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
	    ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.  úÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏÊ
	    ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
	    &man.ntp.conf.5;.</para>
	</note>

	<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÉ ÞÁÓÙ Ó ×ÁÛÉÍ
	  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÎÏ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ÉÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ
	  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÌÉ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁ×ÎÏÐÒÁ×ÎÙÍÉ ÕÞÁÓÔÎÉËÁÍÉ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÔÏ
	  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ</para>

	<programlisting>restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap</programlisting>

	<para>ÇÄÅ <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.1.0</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ
	  IP ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ, Á <hostid role="netmask">255.255.255.0</hostid> Å£
	  ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÁÓËÏÊ.</para>

	<para><filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
	  ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ× <literal>restrict</literal>.  äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ
	  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÐÏÄÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <literal>Access Control
	  Support</literal> (ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ õÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ äÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ) ×
	  &man.ntp.conf.5;.</para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>úÁÐÕÓË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ NTP</title>

      <para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ NTP ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
	<literal>ntpd_enable="YES"</literal> × ÆÁÊÌ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ
	ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ × &man.ntpd.8;, ÔÏ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	<varname>ntpd_flags</varname> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>

      <para>äÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÂÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
	ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>ntpd</command>, ÎÅ ÚÁÂÙ× ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ
	ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÉÚ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <varname>ntpd_flags</varname> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ntpd -p /var/run/ntpd.pid</userinput></screen>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ntpd Ó ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ Ë
	éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ</title>

      <para>äÌÑ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ &man.ntpd.8; ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
	ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÅ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÅ
	ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ ÐÏ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÂÙ
	ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ÔÒÁÆÉËÕ NTP ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
	ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ PPP, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ×ÁÍÉ <literal>filter</literal> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
	<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>.  ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ:</para>

      <programlisting> set filter dial 0 deny udp src eq 123
 # Prevent NTP traffic from initiating dial out
 set filter dial 1 permit 0 0
 set filter alive 0 deny udp src eq 123
 # Prevent incoming NTP traffic from keeping the connection open
 set filter alive 1 deny udp dst eq 123
 # Prevent outgoing NTP traffic from keeping the connection open
 set filter alive 2 permit 0/0 0/0</programlisting>

      <para>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <literal>PACKET
	FILTERING</literal> (æéìøôòáãéñ ðáëåôï÷) × &man.ppp.8;, Á ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ×
	<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/</filename>.</para>

      <note>
	<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÙ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÔ ÔÒÁÆÉË ÐÏ ÐÏÒÔÁÍ Ó
	  ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÍÉ ÎÏÍÅÒÁÍÉ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ NTP, ÔÁË ËÁË
	  ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÀÔ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>
      </note>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÌÉÔÅÒÁÔÕÒÁ</title>

      <para>äÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ NTP ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	<filename>/usr/share/doc/ntp/</filename> × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ HTML.</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="network-syslogd">
    <sect1info>
      <authorgroup>
	<author>
	  <firstname>Tom</firstname>
	  <surname>Rhodes</surname>
	  <contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
	</author>
      </authorgroup>
    </sect1info>

    <title>* Remote Host Logging with <command>syslogd</command></title>

    <para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÄÅÎ.</para>
  </sect1>
</chapter>

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