path: root/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/ports/chapter.sgml

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     The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project

     $FreeBSD$
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     Original revision: 1.111
-->

<chapter id="ports">

<title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ: ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</title>

<para><emphasis>ðÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÌ &a.jim;, 22 ÎÏÑÂÒÑ 1999.  ïÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÂÙÌÁ
  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÌÀÄØÍÉ.</emphasis></para>

<sect1>
  <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>

  <para>ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ
    ÛÉÒÏËÉÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ Ó ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÕÓÉÌÉÑÍÉ.</para>

  <para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ-ÔÏ, ÏÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ <link
    linkend="ports-skeleton">ÓËÅÌÅÔÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×</link>, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÈ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ
    ÎÁÂÏÒ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÙÈ ÄÌÑ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ
    × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD.</para>

  <para>äÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù Ó×ÑÔÏ ×ÅÒÉÔÅ ×Ï ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÑËÏÂÙ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÙ,
    ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ UNIX-ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÈÉÔÒÏÊ
    ÚÁÄÁÞÅÊ.  óÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ×ÅÚÅÔ É ÎÕÖÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ
    ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ É ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ
    ÂÅÚ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ <quote>ËÁË ÅÓÔØ</quote>, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
    ÒÅÄËÏ.  ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÎÏÓÉÔØ
    ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.  úÄÅÓØ-ÔÏ ×ÁÍ É
    ÐÒÉÄÅÔ ÎÁ ÐÏÍÏÝØ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD.</para>

  <para>ïÂÝÉÍÉ ÃÅÌÑÍÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÚÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ ×ÓÅÈ
    ÜÔÉÈ ÔÅÌÏÄ×ÉÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
    ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ, É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÇÏ É ÂÅÚÂÏÌÅÚÎÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ
    ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.	ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÉÍÅÅÔÅ ÄÅÌÏ Ó ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÅÊ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÔÏ ×ÓÑ ÔÑÖÅÌÁÑ
    ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÕÖÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÁ, É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÚ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ,
    ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÁ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>make install</command>.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="ports-using">
  <title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ðÏÒÔÏ×</title>

  <para>÷ ÜÔÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÅÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ
    ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>

  <sect2 id="ports-skeleton">
    <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</title>

    <para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÒÅÞØ ÚÁÈÏÄÉÔ Ï ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÔÏ ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
      ÐÏÎÑÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄ ÓÌÏ×ÏÍ <quote>ÓËÅÌÅÔ</quote>.
      ðÏ ÓÕÔÉ ÓËÅÌÅÔÏÍ ÐÏÒÔÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÕÖÎÙ
      ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÄÌÑ ÅÅ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×Ï FreeBSD.  óËÅÌÅÔ
      ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para><filename>Makefile</filename>.  <filename>Makefile</filename>
	  ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ×Ù, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔ, ËÁË ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ
	  ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ É ËÕÄÁ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÎÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>files</filename>.  ÷ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	  <filename>files</filename> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
	  <filename>md5</filename>.  üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÉÍÅÎÕÅÔÓÑ × ÞÅÓÔØ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÁ,
	  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÓÞÅÔÁ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÈ ÓÕÍÍ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.  ëÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÁÑ
	  ÓÕÍÍÁ - ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍÏÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
	  ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ.  åÓÌÉ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ
	  ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ, ÔÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÁÑ ÓÕÍÍÁ ÕÖÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÏÊ
	  É ÂÕÄÅÔ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×Ù ÍÏÇÌÉ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ, ÇÄÅ
	  ÐÒÏÉÚÏÛÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>

	<para>÷ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>files</filename> ÍÏÇÕÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ É
	  ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÒÔÁ, ÎÏ ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ ÄÌÑ
	  ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÇÄÅ-ÔÏ × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>patches</filename>.  üÔÏÔ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
	  ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÐÁÔÞÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ É
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD.	ðÁÔÞÉ - ÜÔÏ, ËÁË
	  ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
	  ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÎÅÓÔÉ × ËÁËÏÊ-ÔÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.  ïÎÉ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ
	  ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ É × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÔÉÐÁ <quote>õÄÁÌÉÔØ
	  ÓÔÒÏËÕ 10</quote> ÉÌÉ <quote>úÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ 26 ÎÁ ÔÁËÕÀ ...</quote>.
	  ðÁÔÞÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <quote>diff-ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ</quote> ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
	  <quote>ÄÉÆÆÁÍÉ</quote>, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
	  <application>diff</application>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>ëÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>pkg</filename>.  ÷ ÎÅÍ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ,
	  ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÔÒÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ.	óÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÔÁÍ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÀÔ É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÔÒÅÈ
	  ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÕÖÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Õ
	  ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÒÉ.  æÁÊÌÙ ÔÁËÉÅ:</para>

	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para><filename>COMMENT</filename>.  üÔÏ ÏÄÎÏÓÔÒÏÞÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ
	      ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><filename>DESCR</filename>.  üÔÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÅ,
	      ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÍÎÏÇÏÓÔÒÏÞÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.</para>
	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><filename>PLIST</filename>.  üÔÏ ÓÐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×,
	      ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ.  ÷ ÎÅÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔÓÑ
	      ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ×Ï
	      ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÉÍÅÅÔÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÔÏÍ,
      ÄÌÑ ÞÅÇÏ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ×Ù × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ×ÁÛ
      ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ, ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÉÚ
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ ÎÉÖÅ.</para>

    <para>ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÍÙ ÜÔÉÍ ÚÁÊÍÅÍÓÑ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔ ÄÌÑ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÓÁÍÙÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÉÚ
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <ulink
      url="http://www.freebsd.org/ports/">ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁ ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD
      </ulink>.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÌÉÓÔÁÔØ ×ÅÓØ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÌÉ
      ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÎÁ ÓÁÊÔÅ.  ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÔÁËÖÅ
      ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï
      ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ.</para>

    <para>äÒÕÇÏÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
      <command>whereis</command>.  þÔÏÂÙ ÅÊ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ
      × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ <quote><command>whereis &lt;ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ&gt;</command></quote> É ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÁ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ×ÁÍ
      ÏÂ ÜÔÏÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÏ, ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>

    <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>whereis xchat</userinput>
xchat: /usr/ports/irc/xchat
&prompt.root;
    </screen>

    <para>üÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÞÔÏ xchat (ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÌÑ irc) ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
      ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/usr/ports/irc/xchat</filename>.</para>

    <para>åÝÅ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
      ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.  þÔÏÂÙ ÅÀ
      ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
      <filename>/usr/ports</filename>.	ïÞÕÔÉ×ÛÉÓØ × ÜÔÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
      ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>make search key=program-name</command>, ÇÄÅ
      <quote>program-name</quote> - ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
      ÎÁÊÔÉ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÝÅÔÅ xchat:</para>

    <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make search key=xchat</userinput>
Port:	xchat-1.3.8
Path:	/usr/ports/irc/xchat
Info:	An X11 IRC client using the GTK+ toolkit, and optionally, GNOME
Maint:	jim@FreeBSD.org
Index:	irc
B-deps: XFree86-3.3.5 bzip2-0.9.5d gettext-0.10.35 giflib-4.1.0 glib-1.2.6 gmake-3.77 gtk-1.2.6
		imlib-1.9.8 jpeg-6b png-1.0.3 tiff-3.5.1
R-deps: XFree86-3.3.5 gettext-0.10.35 giflib-4.1.0 glib-1.2.6 gtk-1.2.6 imlib-1.9.8 jpeg-6b
		png-1.0.3 tiff-3.5.1
    </screen>

    <para>÷ÁÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ <quote>Path:</quote>,
      ÔÁË ËÁË × ÎÅÊ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ.  ïÓÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÍÁÑ
      ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÁ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÚÄÅÓØ
      ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</para>

    <note>
      <para>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
	<username>root</username>.</para>
    </note>

    <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÎÁÛÌÉ ÐÏÒÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ, ÍÏÖÎÏ
      ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÕÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ.</para>

    <sect3 id="ports-cd">
      <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× Ó ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ</title>

      <para>ëÁË ×Ù, ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÕÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÌÉ, ÉÓÈÏÄÑ ÉÚ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ,
	×ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ÚÄÅÓØ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ, ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÂÏÒ
	ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÏ× FreeBSD.  åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÇÏ ÎÅÔ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁËÁÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ Ó
	ÓÁÊÔÁ <ulink url="http://www.freebsdmall.com/">
	FreeBSD Mall</ulink>.</para>

      <para>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË Ó FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
	ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÅ, ÏÎ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/cdrom</filename> (Á
	ÔÏÞËÏÊ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <emphasis>ÏÂÑÚÁÎ</emphasis> ÂÙÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
	<filename>/cdrom</filename>), É ×Ù ÇÏÔÏ×Ù Ë ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ.  þÔÏÂÙ
	ÎÁÞÁÔØ, ÓÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÎÁ ÔÏÔ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÒÔ,
	ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ:</para>

      <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/irc/xchat</userinput>
      </screen>

      <para>ïËÁÚÁ×ÛÉÓØ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ xchat, ×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÓËÅÌÅÔ ÐÏÒÔÁ. óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ
	ÛÁÇÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÛÁÇ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ (ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÛÁÇÏÍ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ)
	ÐÏÒÔÁ.	üÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ×ÙÄÁÞÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
	<command>make</command> × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ.
	ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ, ×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÅÞÔÏ, ×ÙÇÌÑÄÑÝÅÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ
	ÔÁË:</para>

      <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make</userinput>
&gt;&gt; xchat-1.3.8.tar.bz2 doesn't seem to exist on this system.
&gt;&gt; Attempting to fetch from file:/cdrom/ports/distfiles/.
===&gt;  Extracting for xchat-1.3.8
&gt;&gt; Checksum OK for xchat-1.3.8.tar.bz2.
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on executable: bzip2 - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on executable: gmake - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: gtk12.2 - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: Imlib.5 - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: X11.6 - found
===&gt;  Patching for xchat-1.3.8
===&gt;  Applying FreeBSD patches for xchat-1.3.8
===&gt;  Configuring for xchat-1.3.8
...
[×Ù×ÏÄ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÔÏÒÁ ÏÐÕÝÅÎ]
...
===&gt;  Building for xchat-1.3.8
...
[ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÏÐÕÝÅÎÁ]
...
&prompt.root;
      </screen>

      <para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÚÁËÏÎÞÉÔÓÑ, ×Ù ÓÎÏ×Á
	×ÅÒÎÅÔÅÓØ Ë ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÀ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ.  óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ
	ÛÁÇÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÒÔÁ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
	ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÏÄÎÏ ÓÌÏ×Ï Ë ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>make</command>, Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÓÌÏ×Ï
	<command>install</command>:</para>

      <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
===&gt;  Installing for xchat-1.3.8
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: gtk12.2 - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: Imlib.5 - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: X11.6 - found
...
[ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÏÐÕÝÅÎÙ]
...
===&gt;   Generating temporary packing list
===&gt;   Installing xchat docs in /usr/X11R6/share/doc/xchat
===&gt;   Registering installation for xchat-1.3.8
&prompt.root;
      </screen>

      <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ×ÅÒÎÕÌÉÓØ Ë ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÀ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
	ÓÕÍÅÔØ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ.</para>

      <note>
	<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÜËÏÎÏÍÉÔØ ÌÉÛÎÉÊ ÛÁÇ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÄÁ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
	  <command>make install</command> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <command>make</command> É
	  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ <command>make install</command> × Ä×ÕÈ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ
	  ÛÁÇÁÈ.</para>
      </note>

      <note>
	<para>ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÂÕÄØÔÅ ÇÏÔÏ×Ù Ë ÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
	  ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
	  ÄÅÌÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ ÒÁÚÎÙÍ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ
	  ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÙ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÓÇÒÕÚËÏÊ, ÅÓÌÉ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÅ
	  ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎÏ, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
	  ÐÏÒÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÎÅÔ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÅ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë
	  éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <link
	  linkend="ports-inet">ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</link>).</para>
      </note>
    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="ports-inet">
      <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÚ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ</title>

      <para>ëÁË É × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ÚÄÅÓØ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ
	ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ×ÁÛ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ,
	×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØ <link linkend="ports-cd">ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó
	ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ</link>.</para>

      <para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÉÚ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË ÅÓÌÉ
	ÂÙ ÄÅÌÁÌÉ ÅÅ Ó ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ.  åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅÍ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÉÍÉ
	Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÔ ÆÁËÔ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ ÓÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, Á ÎÅ
	ÂÅÒÅÔÓÑ Ó ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ.</para>

      <para>÷ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÅ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÅ ÛÁÇÉ:</para>

      <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
&gt;&gt; xchat-1.3.8.tar.bz2 doesn't seem to exist on this system.
&gt;&gt; Attempting to fetch from http://xchat.org/files/v1.3/.
Receiving xchat-1.3.8.tar.bz2 (305543 bytes): 100%
305543 bytes transferred in 2.9 seconds  (102.81 Kbytes/s)
===&gt;  Extracting for xchat-1.3.8
&gt;&gt; Checksum OK for xchat-1.3.8.tar.bz2.
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on executable: bzip2 - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on executable: gmake - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: gtk12.2 - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: Imlib.5 - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: X11.6 - found
===&gt;  Patching for xchat-1.3.8
===&gt;  Applying FreeBSD patches for xchat-1.3.8
===&gt;  Configuring for xchat-1.3.8
...
[×Ù×ÏÄ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÔÏÒÁ ÏÐÕÝÅÎ]
...
===&gt;  Building for xchat-1.3.8
...
[ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÏÐÕÝÅÎÁ]
...
===&gt;  Installing for xchat-1.3.8
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: gtk12.2 - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: Imlib.5 - found
===&gt;   xchat-1.3.8 depends on shared library: X11.6 - found
...
[ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÏÐÕÝÅÎÙ]
...
===&gt;   Generating temporary packing list
===&gt;   Installing xchat docs in /usr/X11R6/share/doc/xchat
===&gt;   Registering installation for xchat-1.3.8
&prompt.root;
      </screen>

      <para>ëÁË ×Ù ×ÉÄÉÔÅ, ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
	ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÏÔËÕÄÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÓÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ ÐÏÒÔ.</para>

      <para>üÔÏ ×ÓÅ Ï ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁ ×ÁÛÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  äÁÌÅÅ ×Ù ÕÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
	ËÁË ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
    </sect3>
  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="ports-removing">
    <title>õÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</title>

    <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ËÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ×Ù ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÕÖÅ
      ÚÁÄÕÍÙ×ÁÌÉÓØ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÖÅ ÉÈ ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÁÖÅ ÎÁ ÔÏÔ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ, ÅÓÌÉ
      ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ, Á ÐÏÚÖÅ ÒÅÛÉÌÉ, ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÎÅ ÔÏÔ ÐÏÒÔ.
      óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÁÂÚÁÃÅ× ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÙ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ
      ÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ.</para>

    <para>óÅÊÞÁÓ ÍÙ ÚÁÊÍÅÍÓÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ
      (Á ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ xchat, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÒÁÔÉÌÉ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ).	ëÁË É ÐÒÉ
      ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ Ó ÐÏÒÔÏÍ,
      ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ, ËÁË ×Ù ÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÂÙÌ <filename>/usr/ports/irc/xchat</filename>.
      ðÏÓÌÅ ÓÍÅÎÙ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ×Ù ÇÏÔÏ×Ù Ë ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÀ xchat.	üÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
      <command>make deinstall</command> (ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ?):</para>

    <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/irc/xchat</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make deinstall</userinput>
===&gt;  Deinstalling for xchat-1.3.8
&prompt.root;
    </screen>

    <para>üÔÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÌÅÇËÏ.  ÷Ù ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÌÉ xchat ÉÚ ×ÁÛÅÊ
      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.	åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÚÁÈÏÞÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ
      ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ×ÙÄÁ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>make reinstall</command>
      ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <filename>/usr/ports/irc/xchat</filename>.</para>
  </sect2>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="ports-trouble">
  <title>õÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</title>

  <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÚÁÔÒÏÎÕÔÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
    ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ× Ï ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× É ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ÕÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ
    ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÁÓÓËÁÚÁÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÅÓÌÉ <link
    linkend="ports-broken">ÐÏÒÔ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</link></para>

  <sect2 id="ports-questions">
    <title>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ É ïÔ×ÅÔÙ</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ÄÕÍÁÌ, ÚÄÅÓØ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÔØÓÑ ÍÏÄÅÍÙ??!</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>á, ×Ù, ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÉÍÅÅÔÅ × ×ÉÄÕ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÎÁ
	    ÚÁÄÎÅÊ ÐÁÎÅÌÉ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.  úÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ ÓÌÏ×Ï
	    <quote>ÐÏÒÔ</quote> × ÓÍÙÓÌÅ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁ <quote>ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</quote>
	    (ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ) ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Ó ÏÄÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ UNIX ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ÄÕÍÁÌ, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
	    ×Ù ÐÏÓÏ×ÅÔÕÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>äÁ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÌÅÇËÉÊ É ÂÙÓÔÒÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
	    ÜÔÏ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>åÓÌÉ ÔÁË, ÔÏ ÚÁÞÅÍ ÔÏÇÄÁ ×ÏÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>îÁ ÜÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎ:</para>

	  <orderedlist>
	    <listitem>
	      <para>õÓÌÏ×ÉÑ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ
		ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÁÀÔ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ × ×ÉÄÅ Ä×ÏÉÞÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ.
		ïÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÔØÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ.</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÄÏ×ÅÒÑÀÔ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÁÍ × ×ÉÄÅ Ä×ÏÉÞÎÏÇÏ
		ËÏÄÁ.  ÷ ËÏÎÃÅ ËÏÎÃÏ×, ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ (ÔÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉ)
		ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÓÁÍÉ É ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÙ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ
		ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ.</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÉ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÁÔÞÉ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÅÎ
		ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÈ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÔØ.</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>õ ÷ÁÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Ó×Ï£ ÍÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÐÏ×ÏÄÕ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÉÍÅÎÎÏ
		ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, É ÜÔÏ ÍÎÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
		ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÍÎÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÇÏ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅËÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÌ
		ÐÁËÁÄÖ&mdash;ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÞÅÎØ ÓÔÒÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
		ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÃÉÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
		ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÌÉ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÕÂÉÒÁÔØ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÕÀ
		ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ strip ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>
	    </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ. ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ ÓÔÒÏÑÔÓÑ Ó ×ÅÓØÍÁ ËÏÎÓÅÒ×ÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍÉ,
                ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁÍÉ.  åÓÌÉ × ÐÏÒÔÅ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
                ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ, ÚÁÄÁÀÝÉÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÄÁ, ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÌÑ
                ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ, ÔÏ ÷Ù
                ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÁÍÉ, ÎÅ ÐÒÉ×ÌÅËÁÑ ÌÀÄÅÊ,
                ÓÏÚÄÁÀÝÉÈ ÐÏÒÔÙ, Ë ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
                ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ.</para>

              <para>óÁÍÙÍ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÉÈ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ
                ÂÕÍÁÇÉ.  èÏÔÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ ÐÁËÁÄÖ Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ ÐÏ
                ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏ× ÂÕÍÁÇÉ, ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÍÙ ÄÅÌÁÅÍ
                ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ, ÐÏ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÎÁ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ
                ÂÕÍÁÇÉ.</para>
            </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÔØ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÏÄ ÒÕËÏÊ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ,
		ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÅÇÏ ÞÉÔÁÔØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÍ ÓÔÁÎÅÔ ÓËÕÞÎÏ, ÈÁËÁÔØ
		ÅÇÏ, ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÏÔÔÕÄÁ ÞÔÏ-ÌÉÂÏ (ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ
		ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ), É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ!
		<!-- smiley -->;-)</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </orderedlist>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para id="ports-patch">þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÐÁÔÞ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ðÁÔÞ - ÜÔÏ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ ÏÔ
	    ÏÄÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÊ.  ïÎ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, É,
	    ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÔÉÐÁ <quote>ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
	    23</quote>, <quote>ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ×ÏÔ ÜÔÉ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
	    468</quote> ÉÌÉ <quote>ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ 197 ×ÏÔ ÎÁ ÔÁËÕÀ</quote>.
	    éÈ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÄÉÆÆ-ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÉÆÆÁÍÉ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ
	    ÏÎÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ <application>diff</application>.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para id="ports-tarball">þÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÚÁ tar-ÆÁÊÌÙ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>üÔÏ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÏËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÎÁ <filename>.tar</filename> ÉÌÉ,
	    ËÁË ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ, ÎÁ <filename>.tar.gz</filename>,
	    <filename>.tar.Z</filename>, <filename>.tar.bz2</filename> É ÄÁÖÅ
	    <filename>.tgz</filename>.</para>

	  <para>÷ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÔÁËÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×,
	    ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÚÁÁÒÈÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ × ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁÊÌ
	    (<filename>.tar</filename>) É (ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ) ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÇÎÕÔÏ ÓÖÁÔÉÀ
	    (<filename>.gz</filename>).  ôÁËÁÑ ÍÅÔÏÄÉËÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁÓØ ÄÌÑ ÁÒÈÉ×Ï× ÎÁ ÌÅÎÔÁÈ <emphasis>T</emphasis>ape
	    <emphasis>AR</emphasis>chives (ÏÔËÕÄÁ, ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, É ÐÏÛÌÏ ÓÌÏ×Ï
	    <command>tar</command>), É ÏÎÁ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
	    ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</para>

	  <para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ, ËÁËÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÜÔÉÈ ÁÒÈÉ×ÁÈ,
	    ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÉÚ×ÌÅÞØ ÉÈ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ UNIX
	    ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ tar, ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÕÀ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD,
	    ËÁË ÚÄÅÓØ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.user; <userinput>tar tvzf foobar.tar.gz</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>tar xzvf foobar.tar.gz</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>tar tvf foobar.tar</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>tar xvf foobar.tar</userinput>
	  </screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para id="ports-checksum">á ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÁÑ ÓÕÍÍÁ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>üÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍÏÅ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÓÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÔÏÇÏ
	    ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÏËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.  åÓÌÉ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÈÏÔØ
	    ÏÄÉÎ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ, ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓÕÍÍÙ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÀÔ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÔØ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
	    ÐÒÏÓÔÏÅ ÉÈ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÑ×ÉÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ÄÅÌÁÌ ×ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ÚÄÅÓØ ÓËÁÚÁÎÏ, ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× Ó
	    ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ É ×ÓÅ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ Ñ ÎÅ
	    ÐÏÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ kermit.</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
&gt;&gt; cku190.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system.
&gt;&gt; Attempting to fetch from ftp://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/archives/.
	  </screen>

	  <para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ?  õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅ ÔÏÔ
	    ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ëÁË ÕÖÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÓËÁÚÁÎÏ × ÇÌÁ×Å Ï <link
	    linkend="ports-cd">ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× Ó ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ</link>,
	    ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÙ ÎÁ CDROM ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÉÈ
	    ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ.  Kermit Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏÍ ÔÁËÏÇÏ
	    ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ.  åÇÏ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÎÁÍ
	    ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÅÇÏ tar-ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ
	    ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ&mdash;ÉÚ×ÉÎÉÔÅ!</para>

	  <para>ðÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ, ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ
	    ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ × ÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×Ù ÎÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÙ Ë
	    éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.  ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÁÞÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÉÚ
	    MASTER_SITES (ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÈ × Makefile), ÔÏ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÞÁÔØ
	    ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÌ, ÎÏ, ËÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ×
	    ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>, ÔÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌ
	    ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ, ÓÏÏÂÝÁÀÝÅÅ Ï ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÉ ÐÒÁ×
	    ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ðÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÝÅÔ tar-ÆÁÊÌ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	    <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	    ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÕÄÁ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÜÔÏ
	    ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙÌËÁ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
	    ÞÔÅÎÉÑ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÐÏÉÓË × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ
	    ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÓÄÅÌÁ× ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make DISTDIR=<replaceable>/where/you/put/it</replaceable> install</userinput>
	  </screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ×ÓÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
	    ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/usr/ports</filename>?  áÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÎÁÛÅÊ
	    ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓËÁÚÁÌ, ÞÔÏ Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó×ÏÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ×
	    <filename>/u/people/guests/wurzburger</filename>, ÎÏ ÔÏÇÄÁ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ
	    ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
	    <makevar>PORTSDIR</makevar> É <makevar>PREFIX</makevar>.  ÷
	    ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ,</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make PORTSDIR=/u/people/guests/wurzburger/ports install</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	    <filename>/u/people/guests/wurzburger/ports</filename>, Á
	    ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ × <filename>/usr/local</filename>.</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make PREFIX=/u/people/guests/wurzburger/local install</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/usr/ports</filename>
	    É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ×
	    <filename>/u/people/guests/wurzburger/local</filename>.</para>

	  <para>é, ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ,</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make PORTSDIR=../ports PREFIX=../local install</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÏÂÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ (ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÄÌÉÎÅÎ ÄÌÑ
	    ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ, ÎÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÌÏ×ÉÔØ ÏÂÝÕÀ
	    ÉÄÅÀ).</para>

	  <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÏ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÐÒÉ
	    ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ × ×ÁÛÅ
	    ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ.	ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÍÕ
	    ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÕ É ÎÁÊÄÉÔÅ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ Ó FreeBSD, ÎÏ Ñ ÈÏÞÕ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ
	  tar-ÆÁÊÌÙ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÎÁ ÍÏÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÎÅ
	  ÖÄÁÔØ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÖÅ ÏÎ ÓËÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ.  åÓÔØ ÌÉ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
	  ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÓÒÁÚÕ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ×ÓÅ tar-ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÌÑ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×,
	    ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ×ÏÔ ÞÔÏ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make fetch</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>þÔÏÂÙ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ×ÓÅ tar-ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÌÑ ËÁËÏÇÏ-ÔÏ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
	    ÉÚ ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/<replaceable>directory</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make fetch</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>ÎÕ Á ÞÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ&mdash;ÎÕ, Ñ ÄÕÍÁÀ,
	    ×Ù ÕÖÅ ÄÏÇÁÄÁÌÉÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ÚÎÁÀ, ÞÔÏ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÓÑ ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÔØ
	    tar-ÆÁÊÌÙ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÉÈ ÚÅÒËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× FreeBSD.
	    åÓÔØ ÌÉ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÇÒÕÖÁÔØ ÏÔÔÕÄÁ, Á ÎÅ
	    Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å MASTER_SITES?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>äÁ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ <hostid
	    role="fqdn">ftp.FreeBSD.org</hostid> ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÌÉÖÅ Ë ×ÁÍ, ÞÅÍ
	    ÓÁÊÔÙ, ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÅ × ÓÔÒÏËÅ <makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar>, ÔÏ
	    ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÔÁË:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/<replaceable>directory</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE= \
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/ fetch</userinput>
	  </screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ÈÏÞÕ ÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁËÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÉ
	    ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>make</command> ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÏÎÉ ÎÁÞÎÕÔ
	    ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ.</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>make fetch-list</command> ×ÙÄÁÓÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË
	    ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>åÓÔØ ÌÉ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÔÉÔØ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÀ ÐÏÒÔÁ?	ñ ÈÏÞÕ
	    ÎÅÍÎÏÖËÏ ÐÏËÏÐÁÔØÓÑ × ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÁÈ ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÂÕÄÕ
	    ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÄÎÁÄÏÅÄÁÅÔ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ
	    ÓÌÅÄÉÔØ É ÎÁÖÉÍÁÔØ × ÎÕÖÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ control-C.</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ðÒÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>make extract</command>
	    ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÇÒÕÖÅÎ É
	    ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ÁÎ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ÐÙÔÁÀÓØ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ É ÈÏÞÕ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ
	    ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÀ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ Õ×ÉÖÕ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÉ ÐÁÔÞÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ
	    ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ.	åÓÔØ ÌÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÔÉÐÁ <command>make extract</command>,
	    ÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÁÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÁÔÞÅÊ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>áÇÁ, <command>make patch</command> - ÜÔÏ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÉÝÅÔÅ.
	    ôÁËÖÅ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	    <makevar>PATCH_DEBUG</makevar>.  é ËÓÔÁÔÉ, ÂÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÉÍ ×ÁÓ ÚÁ ×ÁÛÉ
	    ÕÓÉÌÉÑ!</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ÓÌÙÛÁÌ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ
	    ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ.  üÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÄÁ?  ëÁË Ñ ÍÏÇÕ ÂÙÔØ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÎÙÍ, ÞÔÏ
	    ÐÏÒÔ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>äÁ, × ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.6.3 ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ <command>gcc</command>
	    (ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÌÁÓØ Ó FreeBSD 2.1.0 É 2.1.5), ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
	    <option>-O2</option> ÍÏÇ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ,
	    ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÐÃÉÀ
	    <option>-fno-strength-reduce</option>.  (âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÅ
	    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-O2</option>).	õ ×ÁÓ
	    <emphasis>ÄÏÌÖÎÏ</emphasis> ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ
	    ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make CFLAGS='-O2 -fno-strength-reduce' install</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>ÉÌÉ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	    <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>, ÎÏ, Ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÎÅ ×ÓÅ
	    ÐÏÒÔÙ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ.  óÁÍÙÊ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ - ÜÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
	    ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>make configure</command>, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ ×
	    ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ Ó ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍÉ É ÉÚÕÞÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ Makefile
	    ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÕÔÏÍÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÚÁÎÑÔÉÅÍ, ÅÓÌÉ
	    ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ËÁÖÄÙÊ Ó ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍÉ
	    make-ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ.</para>

          <para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï FreeBSD ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
            ËÏÎÓÅÒ×ÁÔÉ×ÎÙ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÷Ù ÉÈ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÑÌÉ, ÔÏ É ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ
            ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ðÏÒÔÏ× ÔÁË ÍÎÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÔÒÕÄÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÏÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÎÅ
	    ÎÕÖÅÎ.  åÓÔØ ÌÉ ÇÄÅ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÓÐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>÷ÚÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>INDEX</filename> × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	    <filename>/usr/ports</filename>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË
	    × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÐÏ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÏÍÕ ÓÌÏ×Õ, ×Ù ÜÔÏ ÔÏÖÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÉÍÏ.
	    îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÏÒÔÙ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÑÚÙËÏÍ
	    ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ LISP, Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.user; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>make search key=lisp</userinput>
	  </screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ÎÁÞÁÌ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔ <literal>foo</literal>, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
	    ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÁ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÀ É ÓÔÁÌÁ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
	    ÐÏÒÔ <literal>bar</literal>.  þÔÏ, ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ÐÒÏÉÚÏÛÌÏ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ðÏÒÔÕ <literal>foo</literal> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ, ÉÍÅÀÝÅÅÓÑ ×
	    ÐÏÒÔÕ <literal>bar</literal> &mdash; ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ
	    <literal>foo</literal> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÇÒÁÆÉËÕ, ×
	    <literal>bar</literal> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ Ó
	    ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÍÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÇÒÁÆÉËÉ.  éÌÉ
	    <literal>bar</literal> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ
	    ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÁ <literal>foo</literal>.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para id="ports-remove">
	    ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ <literal>grizzle</literal> ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ× É
	    ÏËÁÚÁÌÏÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÂÅÓÐÏÌÅÚÎÁÑ ÔÒÁÔÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á. ñ
	    ÈÏÞÕ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÅÅ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÀ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÜÔÏÊ
	    ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.	þÔÏ ÐÏÓÏ×ÅÔÕÅÔÅ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>îÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete grizzle-6.5</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>áÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd <replaceable>/usr/ports/somewhere/grizzle</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make deinstall</userinput>
	  </screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>íÉÎÕÔÏÞËÕ, ×Ù ÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÎÁÔØ ÎÏÍÅÒ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
	    × ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ.  ÷Ù ×ÓÅÒØÅÚ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÈ ×ÓÅ
	    ÐÏÍÎÉÔØ??</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>÷Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅÔ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -a | grep grizzle</userinput>
Information for grizzle-6.5:
grizzle-6.5 - the combined piano tutorial, LOGO interpreter and shoot 'em up
arcade game.
	  </screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>åÓÌÉ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔØ Ï ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Å, ÔÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ Ó ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ,
	    ÐÏÈÏÖÅ, ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÕÖÁÓÎÏ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ.  íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ ÏÔÓÀÄÁ
	    ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>äÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ É ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ,
	    ÞÔÏ ÅÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ×ÁÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ, ÔÏ ÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÉÈ
	    ×Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ.  ìÕÞÛÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÔÁË:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>× ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÞÅÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÎ ÐÒÏÈÏÄ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÍ ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÍ É
	    ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄÅÔ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ËÒÏÍÅ ÓËÅÌÅÔÏ× ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÌ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÔÁË, ÎÏ ×ÓÅ ÒÁ×ÎÏ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÁÒÈÉ×Ù ÉÌÉ ËÁË
	    ÔÁÍ ×Ù ÉÈ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÅ, ÏÓÔÁÌÉÓØ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	    <filename>distfiles</filename>.  íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ É ÉÈ
	    ÔÏÖÅ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>äÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÞÔÏ Ó ÎÉÍÉ ÐÏËÏÎÞÅÎÏ, ÔÏ ÉÈ ÔÏÖÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
	    ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ.  éÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, ÉÌÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
	    <command>make distclean</command>.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>íÎÅ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÔØ ×ÓÅ ÂÏÌØÛÅ É ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
	    ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÉÇÒÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÎÉÍÉ.  åÓÔØ ÌÉ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÚÁ
	    ÒÁÚ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ×ÏÔ ÔÁË:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput>
	  </screen>

          <para>âÕÄØÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÙ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ
            ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ Ó ÕÖÅ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÍÉÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ.  åÓÌÉ ÷Ù
            ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ Ä×Á ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÈ Ó ÇÒÁÆÉËÏÊ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, É ÏÂÁ ÏÎÉ
            ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/usr/local/bin/plot</filename>, ÔÏ
            Õ ×ÁÓ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>OK, Ñ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÌ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÎÏ ÐÏÄÕÍÁÌ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ
	    ÚÁÊÍÅÔ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÏÛÅÌ ÓÐÁÔØ, ÏÓÔÁ×É× ×ÓÅ
	    ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÖÅ Ñ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÌ ÕÔÒÏÍ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ÔÏ ÂÙÌÏ
	    ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÒÉ Ó ÐÏÌÏ×ÉÎÏÊ ÐÏÒÔÁ.  þÔÏ-ÔÏ ÂÙÌÏ
	    ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>îÅÔ, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÚÁÄÁÀÔ ×ÁÍ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ,
	    ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔØ ÚÁ ×ÁÓ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <quote>èÏÔÉÔÅ
	    ÌÉ ×Ù ÐÅÞÁÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÌÉÓÔÙ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ A4 ÉÌÉ US letter?</quote>), ÎÏ
            ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ËÔÏ-ÔÏ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔØ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>ñ ×Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅ ÈÏÞÕ ÐÒÏ×ÅÓÔÉ ×ÅÓØ ÄÅÎØ, ÐÑÌÑÓØ × ÍÏÎÉÔÏÒ.  åÓÔØ
	    ÉÄÅÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÛÅ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>OK, ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÉÄÔÉ × ËÒÏ×ÁÔËÕ/ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ/ÐÁÒË ÏÔÄÙÈÁ,
	    ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ×ÏÔ ÞÔÏ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DBATCH install</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ
	    <emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ Ó ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ.
	    úÁÔÅÍ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ×ÅÒÎÅÔÅÓØ, ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DIS_INTERACTIVE install</userinput>
	  </screen>

	  <para>ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>îÁ ÍÏÅÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
	    <literal>frobble</literal>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÅÓÔØ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ
	    ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÍÙ ÅÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÌÉ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ
	    ÎÕÖÎÏ.  åÓÔØ ÌÉ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÛÉÈ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ ÄÌÑ ÉÈ
	    ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÎÁÛÉÍ ÓÁÊÔÁÍ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>îÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, ÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ËÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÁÔÞÉ
	    Ó ×ÁÛÉÍÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ:</para>

	  <screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd <replaceable>/usr/ports/somewhere/frobble</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make extract</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd work/frobble-2.8</userinput>
[Apply your patches]
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd ../..</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make package</userinput>
	  </screen>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
	<question>
	  <para>üÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× - ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÈÉÔÒÁÑ ÛÔÕËÁ.  ñ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÐÏÎÑÔØ,
	    ËÁË ×Ù ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ.  ÷ ÞÅÍ ÓÅËÒÅÔ?</para>
	</question>

	<answer>
	  <para>úÄÅÓØ ÎÅÔ ÎÉËÁËÏÇÏ ÓÅËÒÅÔÁ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÚÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÙ
	    <filename>bsd.port.mk</filename> É
	    <filename>bsd.port.subdir.mk</filename> × <ulink
	    url="file://localhost/usr/ports/Mk/">ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ Ó
	    make-ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ</ulink>.</para>

	  <para>(þÉÔÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ÉÓÐÙÔÙ×ÁÀÝÉÍ ÄÕÒÎÏÔÕ ÐÒÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÉ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×,
	    ÓÏ×ÅÔÕÅÍ ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔØ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÅ...)</para>
	</answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="ports-broken">
    <title>ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ!  üÔÏÔ ÐÏÒÔ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ!</title>

    <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÌÉ ÐÏÒÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
      ×ÅÝÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>éÓÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÅÇÏ!
	  òÁÚÄÅÌ <link linkend="porting"><quote>Ï ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ
	  ÐÏÒÔÏ×</quote></link> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÍÏÞØ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>îÁÄÁ×ÉÔÅ&mdash;<emphasis>ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÅ!</emphasis>
	  óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÛÌÉÔÅ ÐÉÓØÍÏ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅËÕ, ÓÏÐÒÏ×ÏÖÄÁÀÝÅÍÕ ÐÏÒÔ.  îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ
	  ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>make maintainer</command> ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ
	  <filename>Makefile</filename>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ.  îÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ
	  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ É ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÐÏÒÔÁ (ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×Á× ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ
	  <literal>$FreeBSD:</literal> ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>Makefile</filename>)
	  É ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ × ÐÉÓØÍÏ ×ÅÓØ ×Ù×ÏÄ, ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÀ ÏÛÉÂËÉ.
	  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÏÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅËÁ, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
	  ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>send-pr</command> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ
	  ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÅ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>úÁÂÕÄØÔÅ Ï ÜÔÏÍ.  üÔÏ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÐÕÔØ&mdash;ÌÉÛØ ×ÅÓØÍÁ
	  ÎÅÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÔÎÅÓÔÉ Ë ÒÁÚÒÑÄÕ <quote>ÖÉÚÎÅÎÎÏ
	  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ</quote>.  ôÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔØ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ
	  ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ
	  ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para>óÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÐÁËÁÄÖ Ó ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÅÇÏ Ë ×ÁÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.
	  <quote>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ</quote> ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ
	  <hostid role="fqdn">ftp.FreeBSD.org</hostid> × <ulink
	  URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/">ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
	  Ó ÐÁËÁÄÖÁÍÉ</ulink>, ÎÏ <emphasis>ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ</emphasis> ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ
	  ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ!  üÔÏ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, É ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ,
	  ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ
	  ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ.  ÷ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ &man.pkg.add.1; ÄÌÑ
	  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖÁ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </sect2>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="porting">
  <title>÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ</title>

  <para>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÚÄÅÓØ ÂÙÌÏ, ÄÌÑ ÕÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÏ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÅ <ulink
    url="../porters-handbook/index.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏ ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ</ulink>.
    ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÎÅÍÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ É ÐÒÉÓÙÌÁÔØ
    ÎÁÍ ×ÁÛÉ ÐÏÒÔÙ.</para>
</sect1>

</chapter>

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