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<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏ ÍÉÇÒÁÃÉÉ ÎÁ FreeBSD
5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
<div class="AUTHORGROUP"><a id="AEN4" name="AEN4"></a>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">çÒÕÐÐÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</h3>
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<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 çÒÕÐÐÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×
FreeBSD</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/early-adopter/article.sgml,v
1.5.2.4 2005/04/01 13:11:04 den Exp $<br />
</p>
<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁÒËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
<p>Apple, FireWire, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, Quicktime É TrueType ÜÔÏ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁÒËÉ Apple
Computer, Inc., ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÁÈ.</p>
<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390 É ThinkPad ÜÔÏ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÅ
ÍÁÒËÉ International Business Machines Corporation × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ, ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÁÈ,
ÉÌÉ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ.</p>
<p>IEEE, POSIX É 802 ÜÔÏ ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁÒËÉ Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc. × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ.</p>
<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁÒËÉ
ÉÌÉ ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁÒËÉ Intel Corporation ÉÌÉ ÅÅ ÄÏÞÅÒÎÉÈ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÊ ×
óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÁÈ.</p>
<p>Microsoft, FrontPage, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media É Windows
NT ÜÔÏ ÉÌÉ ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁÒËÉ ÉÌÉ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁÒËÉ Microsoft Corporation ×
óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É/ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÁÈ.</p>
<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁÒËÉ SPARC International, Inc
× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÁÈ. ðÒÏÄÕËÔÙ Ó ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÒËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÅ, ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑÍÉ É ÐÒÏÄÁ×ÃÁÍÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁÒÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×
ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÅ, É ðÒÏÅËÔÕ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÒËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
ÚÎÁË ``™'' ÉÌÉ ``®''.</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN24" name="AEN24"></a>
<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ FreeBSD 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ó ÔÏÞËÉ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÌÉ
ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏ×, ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÀÝÉÈ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. ÷ ÎÅÊ ÄÁÎ ËÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ
ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× FreeBSD. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ÐÒÉ×ÙËÛÉÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÓÅÒÉÅÊ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÇÏ, ÔÁË É ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. âÏÌÅÅ ÒÁÎÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÜÔÏÊ
ÓÔÁÔØÉ ÐÕÂÌÉËÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. äÏ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÜÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÌÁÓØ
``òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ FreeBSD''.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
<p>FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÜÔÏ ÓÁÍÁÑ Ó×ÅÖÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ``FreeBSD-STABLE''. üÔÏÔ É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
ÒÅÌÉÚÙ ÓÅÒÉÉ 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×
ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÞÁÈ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÁÑ ÓÅÒÉÑ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÚÁÔÒÁÇÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÔÅÍÙ É ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÄÏ 5.4-RELEASE. ïÎÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ËÒÁÔËÏÇÏ ÏÂÚÏÒÁ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÉ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ × ÓÅÒÉÉ FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. ÷
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ, ÉÌÉ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ï ×ÎÅÛÎÉÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ. îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÄÏ FreeBSD
5.4-RELEASE, ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÍÕ ÉÌÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="RELEASE-OVERVIEW" name="RELEASE-OVERVIEW">2. ïÂÚÏÒ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ
×ÙÐÕÓËÁ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>FreeBSD ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÍÏÄÅÌØ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ ÎÁ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ×
ÒÅÐÏÚÉÔÏÒÉÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ×ÅÔ×Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ``CURRENT'', É × ÒÅÐÏÚÉÔÏÒÉÉ CVS
ÏÎÁ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÔÅÇ <tt class="LITERAL">HEAD</tt>. îÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ × ÜÔÕ
×ÅÔ×Ø; ÈÏÔÑ CURRENT ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ, ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ
ÐÅÒÉÏÄÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÔÒÁÄÁÅÔ ÏÔ ÎÁÒÕÛÅÎÉÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ É ÏÔÌÁÄËÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.</p>
<p>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× FreeBSD ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ``STABLE''. ÷
ÜÔÉ ×ÅÔ×É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × CURRENT.
ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ Ä×Á ÇÏÄÁ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÁ ×ÅÔ×Ø STABLE, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË ``4-STABLE'', ÎÁÈÏÄÉÌÁÓØ ×
ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÅ, É ×ÓÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÙ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÂÙÌÉ
×ÙÐÕÝÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÎÅÅ. ÷ ÒÅÐÏÚÉÔÏÒÉÉ CVS ÔÅÇ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÅÔ×É <tt class="LITERAL">RELENG_4</tt>.</p>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ Ä×Å ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÙÅ ×ÅÔ×É (3-STABLE and 4-STABLE) ÂÙÌÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÙÈ ÒÁÎÎÉÈ
ÓÔÁÄÉÑÈ ÃÉËÌÁ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ (ÐÒÉ ×ÙÐÕÓËÅ 3.1 É 4.0 ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ). üÔÁ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÁ ÎÅ ÄÁÅÔ
ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÂÉÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ CURRENT ÐÅÒÅÄ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅÍ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ. üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë
ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÎÁ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ ÐÏ ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ×ÅÔ×ÑÍÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅ
ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÍÅÖÄÕ
×ÅÔ×ÑÍÉ.</p>
<p>ó ÒÅÌÉÚÁÍÉ 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÐÒÏÉÚÏÛÌÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÁÞÅ. FreeBSD
5.0, 5.1, É 5.2 ÂÙÌÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ×ÅÔ×É CURRENT. ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× ÂÙÌ ×ÙÐÕÝÅÎ ÐÏÓÌÅ
Ä×ÕÈ ÌÅÔ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ (ÄÏ ÎÅÇÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ ÉÚ HEAD ÂÙÌÁ FreeBSD 4.0 × ÍÁÒÔÅ 2000
ÇÏÄÁ).</p>
<p>÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ``STABLE'', ×ÅÔ×Ø ``5-STABLE'' (Ó ÔÅÇÏÍ ×ÅÔ×É <tt
class="LITERAL">RELENG_5</tt>) ÂÙÌÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ × CVS ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÇÏÄ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ
ÒÅÌÉÚÁ 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ, × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ
5.3). üÔÁ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÁ ÄÁÌÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÌÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ
ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ÓÔÁÂÉÌÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÁÄ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ
ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ, É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÊ ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
<p>ðÏÍÉÍÏ ÏÂÝÉÈ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÊ É ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ×ÅÔ×É
5-STABLE ÜÔÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Application Binary Interface (ABI) É Application
Program Interface (API). ìÀÂÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÁÒÕÛÉÔØ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÕÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ
(×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÑÄÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË), ÎÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔÓÑ É ÎÅ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ, ÚÁ
ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ×, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ËÒÉÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.</p>
<p>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ ÉÚ CURRENT ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÎÅÔ 6.0-RELEASE, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÉÚ CVS <tt
class="LITERAL">HEAD</tt>. åÝÅ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÄÁÔÙ ÄÌÑ 6.0, ÎÏ ÎÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍÁÑ ÄÁÔÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÔÒÅÔØÅÍ Ë×ÁÒÔÁÌÅ 2005 ÇÏÄÁ. ÷
ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØ ×ÙÐÕÓË ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× ÉÚ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ×ÅÔ×É ËÁÖÄÙÅ ×ÏÓÅÍÎÁÄÃÁÔØ
ÍÅÓÑÃÅ×, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÙ ËÁÖÄÙÅ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÍÅÓÑÃÁ.</p>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ ÚÁÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ 4-STABLE ÓÔÁÌ 4.11-RELEASE,
ÁÎÏÎÓ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÌÓÑ × ÑÎ×ÁÒÅ 2005 ÇÏÄÁ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ
×ÙÐÕÓË ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É 4-STABLE, É ×ÓÑ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
ÏÛÉÂÏË É ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ. äÌÑ ÏÓÏÂÏ ËÏÎÓÅÒ×ÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ
ÓÍÙÓÌ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÅÝÅ
ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ. çÒÕÐÐÁ ïÆÉÃÅÒÏ× âÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <code class="EMAIL"><<a
href="mailto:security-officer@FreeBSD.org">security-officer@FreeBSD.org</a>></code>
ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×, ×ÙÐÕÝÅÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É 4-STABLE × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó
ÏÐÕÂÌÉËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/index.html" target="_top">ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a> ×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ FreeBSD.</p>
<p>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× FreeBSD ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html" target="_top">×Å ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁ
ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×</a> É × ÓÔÁÔØÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/releng/index.html"
target="_top">``÷ÙÐÕÓË ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× FreeBSD''</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">3. îÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h2>
<p>FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÐÒÉ×ÌÅËÁÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÙÅ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ × ×ÅÔ×Ø ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ FreeBSD 4-STABLE (ÎÁÐÒÏÔÉ×, ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÈ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÊ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÉÌÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÕÖÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ). ëÒÁÔËÉÊ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÓÞÅÒÐÙ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>SMPng: ``îÏ×ÏÅ ÐÏËÏÌÅÎÉÅ'' ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ Symmetric MultiProcessor (SMP) ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×.
ðÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ``fine-grained locking'' ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ
ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÔÏËÏ× ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÑÄÒÅ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÂÙÌÏ
ÕÄÅÌÅÎÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÔÅËÁ É ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>KSE: Kernel Scheduled Entities ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÔÏËÏ×
ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÑÄÒÁ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏ Scheduler Activations. âÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ ÐÏÔÏËÏ× <tt
class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">libthr</tt> ÄÅÌÁÀÔ ÜÔÉ
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÔÏÞÎÙÍ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ API <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pthread&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pthread</span>(3)</span></a>. <tt
class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> ÔÅÐÅÒØ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÏÊ ÐÏÔÏËÏ× ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>îÏ×ÙÅ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ: ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒ amd64, ia64, pc98 É sparc64 × ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ Ë
i386 É alpha. äÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ powerpc (ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ <span
class="TRADEMARK">PowerPC</span>® <span class="TRADEMARK">Macintosh</span>®) É
arm, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÅ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>GCC: îÁÂÏÒ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏ× ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ 3.4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ GCC 2.95.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>MAC: ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÑÅÍÙÈ, ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÌÉÔÉË Mandatory Access Control
(ÐÒÉÎÕÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>GEOM: çÉÂËÁÑ, ÍÏÄÕÌØÎÁÑ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÔÒÁÎÓÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË. üÔÁ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÈÓÑ Ë ÄÉÓËÁÍ É ÔÏÍÁÍ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË:
ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(4)</span></a>,
ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÕÒÏ×ÎÉ RAID, ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× (Ó <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>
ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÍÉÓÑ Ë ÎÅÍÕ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁÍÉ), Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÏÅ ÒÁÚÖÁÔÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×. óÉÓÔÅÍÁ geom_vinum
ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó GEOM Ë ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÕ ÔÏÍÏ× VINUM.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FFS: æÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ FFS ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> (ÄÌÑ
ÂÏÌÅÅ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÇÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÂÏÅ×) É ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÙ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>UFS2: âÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ UFS2, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ
ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÙ É ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÆÁÊÌÏ×. UFS2 ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>. îÁ
×ÓÅÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ pc98, ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ UFS2 ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>îÏ×ÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ: íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ×ÐÅÒ×ÙÅ ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÉÓØ ×
ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ TCP SACK (selective
acknowledgements), ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉÌØÔÒ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a> ÉÚ OpenBSD, É
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ ALTQ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ: ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË
Cardbus, Bluetooth É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× IEEE 802.11a/b/g, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÞÉÐÓÅÔÁÈ
Atheros. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÄÌÑ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ i386, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÎÅ
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ñ×ÎÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁÍÉ FreeBSD, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×
ÄÌÑ <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>® <span
class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>® É ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> ÏÔ
ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ
FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="DRAWBACKS" name="DRAWBACKS">4. îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ</a></h2>
<p>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÚÁÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÏÓÏÂÏÇÏ ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎÉ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ
ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÙÅ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ ÎÁÒÕÛÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÉ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÕÔ Ë ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ,
ËÔÏ Ë ÎÉÍ ÎÅ ÇÏÔÏ×. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÂÙÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÅÎÙ × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ
ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÉÈ ÐÒÏÝÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ × ÜÔÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÅ, ÉÌÉ
ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎÉ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ
ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ ÜÔÏ <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> (ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÊ ÉÚ
ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÒÔ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>), ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÄÅÌÁÌÏ
ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÔÉÞÎÙÍ. õÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ <b
class="APPLICATION">Perl</b>, ÂÙÌÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ (ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ
ÎÕÖÎÙ).</p>
<p>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ <b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> (ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÊ ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
ËÁË <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>), ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a>), É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÉÇÒ (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/games/freebsd-games/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">games/freebsd-games</tt></a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÑÄÒÁ É ABI/API ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ
ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÏ× ÄÌÑ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ×
FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. ÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ (ÒÅÄËÉÈ) ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ
×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÞÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ ÉÌÉ
ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ×. ëÁË É Ó ÓÅÒÉÅÊ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ÃÅÌØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ FreeBSD Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÄÏÐÕÝÅÎÉÅ
×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÂÕÄÕÝÉÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÙ ×ÅÔ×É 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>îÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏË ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÁ ÓÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ
ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÐÒÉ×ÅÌÏ Ë ÕÔÅÒÅ ÉÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ. üÔÉ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÂÙÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ.
îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÔÁË ÓÌÕÞÉÌÏÓØ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt>, <a
id="AEN160" name="AEN160" href="#FTN.AEN160"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a>
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ ÓÅÔÅÊ XNS É ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ X-10. íÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ISA ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
ÓÔÁÌÉ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ É ÂÙÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ. äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>÷ FreeBSD/i386 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ISA ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
×ÎÏÓÉÌÁÓØ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ÑÄÒÁ. åÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ
ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÕÀ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <b class="APPLICATION">UserConfig</b>. ÷ FreeBSD 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÏÂÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ ÂÙÌÉ ÚÁÍÅÎÅÎÙ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏÍ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=device.hints&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">device.hints</span>(5)</span></a>,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÎÅÎÕÖÎÙÍ ÖÅÓÔËÏÅ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ISA × ÑÄÒÅ. îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ISA
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÅÎÀ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ××ÏÄÑÔÓÑ
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">MAKEDEV</tt> ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ É ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ. FreeBSD 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÐÏ ÍÅÒÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ. îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÌÉ
ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/devfs.conf</tt>. äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>UFS2 ÓÔÁÌ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ó
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>. äÌÑ
×ÓÅÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ pc98 ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ,
ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÜËÒÁÎÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ × <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ UFS1 (É ÎÅ
ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÅÔ UFS2), ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ É ÉÚ 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É ÉÚ 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ Ó UFS1. üÔÏÔ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÂÒÁÎ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <code
class="OPTION">-O1</code> ÄÌÑ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, ÉÌÉ
ÞÅÒÅÚ ÜËÒÁÎ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ × <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
üÔÁ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÇÄÅ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ FreeBSD 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.
ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÜÔÉÍÉ
Ä×ÕÍÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÍÉ (ËÒÏÍÅ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÐÅÒÅÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É
×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Ó ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÊ ËÏÐÉÉ).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>÷ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b>, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÎÁ C++ ËÁË
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ É ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. üÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÏÚÎÉËÌÏ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × C++ ABI.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>úÁÐÕÓË ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÅÎ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á <tt
class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> (ÉÌÉ ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ/ÐÁËÅÔÁ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/compat4x/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">misc/compat4x</tt></a>). ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÅÔ ×
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÓÂÏÒËÁ É ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ×. üÔÏ
ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÔÉÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ
ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÀ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ É ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË. õÔÉÌÉÔÁ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</p>
<p>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏ× ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ
ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÏÒÔÙ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/postfix/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">mail/postfix</tt></a>, É <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/cfs/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">security/cfs</tt></a> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ
× ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ <tt class="LITERAL">statfs</tt>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>æÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÎ <tt class="FILENAME">host.conf</tt> ÂÙÌ ÚÁÍÅÝÅÎ ÎÁ
(ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÏÂÝÉÊ) ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÉÍÅÎ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 8 ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 9. íÅÖÄÕ BIND 8 É 9
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÊ. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>
ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÍÉÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ × <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/bind9/misc/migration</tt>. äÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ
ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï × <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/bind9/arm</tt>. îÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>, ÔÅÐÅÒØ
ÏÎ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÒÅÄÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(8)</span></a> × <tt
class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, Õ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ÕÖÅ
ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÁ <tt class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ
ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÅÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÍ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏÍ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>òÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ X Window System ÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 5.3-RELEASE. îÁ
ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span>™</b> ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × FreeBSD 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÀ ÍÅÖÄÕ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ,
Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÇÌÁ×Å <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/x11.html" target="_top">X
Window System</a> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>äÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ (ÔÁËÁÑ ËÁË <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/index.html"
target="_top">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï</a> FreeBSD É <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/index.html"
target="_top">FAQ</a>) ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ, ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÎÁ ÒÅÌÉÚ Ë ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÍ
FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, Á ÔÁËÖÅ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <tt
class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> ÉÚ ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD. úÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× FreeBSD ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ <tt
class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> ÉÚ ÄÅÒÅ×Á
ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">5. úÁÍÅÔËÉ ÐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ Ó FreeBSD 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt></a></h2>
<p>äÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÜÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÍÅÔÏË ÐÏ
ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÄÏ 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. ëÁË É ÐÒÉ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ FreeBSD, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ É ÓÐÉÓÏË ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÊ Ë ÎÏ×ÏÍÕ ÒÅÌÉÚÕ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ <tt
class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> ÐÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN273" name="AEN273">5.1. âÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ</a></h3>
<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÑÍÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÜÔÏ ``ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ×ÓÅ, ÐÅÒÅÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ,
ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ''. üÔÏ ÉÓËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó
ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍÉ × ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ É ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ, ÚÁÈÌÁÍÌÑÀÝÉÍÉ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó
ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØÀ (ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÉÍÁÑ -- UFS2 ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ).</p>
<p>îÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, ÏÐÃÉÑ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ × ÍÅÎÀ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÎÅ
ÂÙÌÁ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍÉ ×ÅÔ×ÑÍÉ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ.</p>
<p>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÍÉ
ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍÉ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. úÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÎÁ
ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÈ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÁ i386), ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
ÐÏ-ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ, ÞÅÍ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ. ÷ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>
ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÁÌ ÕÒÅÚÁÎÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ, ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÅ ÌÉÛØ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.
üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÌÏ ÑÄÒÕ ÕÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÕ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÌÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ × ÎÅÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ,
ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÊ. îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 5.3-RELEASE, ÎÁ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ <tt class="LITERAL">GENERIC</tt>,
ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, Ó ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.
úÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË ÐÒÏÓÉÔ ×ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÐÏ ÍÅÒÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ,
ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ (×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ), ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ: <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">kern1.flp</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">kern2.flp</tt>.</p>
<p>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÅ CDROM ÄÌÑ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>™ ÔÅÐÅÒØ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ``ÎÅ-ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ'' ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ, ÐÏÍÉÍÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÇÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <tt
class="LITERAL">GENERIC</tt> ÑÄÒÏ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÕÒÅÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ.
ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÌÀÂÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÁÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÏ× <span
class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span
class="TRADEMARK">Windows NT</span>® 4, <span
class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> 2000, ÉÌÉ <span
class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> XP ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍÐÁËÔ
ÄÉÓËÏ× 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
<p>òÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÎÁ CDROM ÂÙÌÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ÓÅÒÉÅÊ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×
4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 5.4-RELEASE, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ ÏÂÒÁÚ É
``live filesystem'' ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒ, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ
ia64 (× ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ ia64 ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÄÌÑ live filesystem,
ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÄÉÓË). ûÉÒÏËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ
×ÔÏÒÏÍ É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÄÉÓËÁÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN300" name="AEN300">5.2. ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ:</b> íÎÏÇÉÅ É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÉ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÅ
ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ (ÂÌÁÇÏÒÁÚÕÍÎÏÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÅÒÅÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÓÌÕÞÁÑ),
×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÏÂÙÞÎÕÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ. ÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÂÏÔÉÔØÓÑ Ï ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÈÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ É
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÈ, É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÁÍÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS2.</p>
<p>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ, ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙÅ Ó ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁÍÉ <tt class="LITERAL">buildworld</tt>/<tt
class="LITERAL">installworld</tt> ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÔÁËÏÅ
ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÏÂÙÞÎÕÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÇÏ
ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>ðÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÎÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÀÔÓÑ É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ. üÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÏ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÅ <tt
class="LITERAL">buildworld</tt>/<tt class="LITERAL">installworld</tt>, ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ
ÏÐÙÔÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ FreeBSD ÄÌÑ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ×ÅÔ×É ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ (ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË
FreeBSD-STABLE ÉÌÉ FreeBSD-CURRENT). ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÜÔÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ, ÞÅÍ
ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ, ÎÏ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ ÅÓÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÌÏÖÎÙ ÉÌÉ
ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÐÏÄ ÉÍÅÀÝÕÀÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ. ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÔÁËÖÅ
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ, ËÏÇÄÁ Õ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ ÅÓÔØ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ, ÎÏ ÎÅÔ
ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ (É ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË).</p>
<p>ðÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÅ <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ. òÁÚÄÅÌ,
ÏÚÁÇÌÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÊ ``To upgrade in-place from 4.x-stable to current'' ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÐÏÛÁÇÏ×ÕÀ
ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÕ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ × ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ, ÂÅÚ ``ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÊ'',
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÀÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ. óÏËÒÁÝÅÎÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÜÔÉÈ ÛÁÇÏ× ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎ
ÎÉÖÅ:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>óÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÅ ËÏÐÉÉ.</p>
<p>÷ÁÖÎÏÓÔØ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÛÁÇÁ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÏÃÅÎÉÔØ. îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÅ ËÏÐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ
ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. ðÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> ÎÕÌÅ×ÏÇÏ
ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙÈ ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÏËÏÌÏ 30MB
Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ.</p>
<p>FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÞÅÍ FreeBSD
4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. åÓÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/tmp</tt>
ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> (Á ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÜÔÏ ÔÁË), ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ
×ÓÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ×ÙÓ×ÏÂÏÄÉÔØ ÍÅÓÔÏ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ðÏÄÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ.</p>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÐÕÎËÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ë ÓÔÁÒÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ FreeBSD/i386. ÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ÓÌÁÊÓÙ × MBR ÓÔÉÌÅ, FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ``ÓÌÁÊÓÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ'',
ÇÄÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÆÏÒÍÕ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0a</tt>
(ÂÅÚ Ñ×ÎÏÇÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÓÌÁÊÓÁ). üÔÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÂÙÔØ ÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÆÏÒÍÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s1a</tt>. äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ: ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÎÏÍÅÒ ÓÌÁÊÓÁ É ÂÕË×Á
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ.</p>
<p>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ``ÓÌÁÊÓÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ'' ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó FreeBSD 2.2.6-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÐÕÎËÔ ÎÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë FreeBSD/alpha ×ÏÏÂÝÅ, ËÁË É Ë
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÍ ÒÅÖÉÍ ``dangerously dediated''.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> ÉÌÉ
ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÙ, ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ËÏÐÉÀ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD (ÍÏÄÕÌØ <tt
class="FILENAME">src/</tt>). äÌÑ ÉÚ×ÌÅÞÅÎÉÑ 5.4-RELEASE ÉÚ CVS ÒÅÐÏÚÉÔÏÒÉÑ FreeBSD,
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÅÇ <tt class="LITERAL">RELENG_5_4_0_RELEASE</tt>. äÌÑ ×ÅÔ×É 5.4 Ó
ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÅÇ <tt class="LITERAL">RELENG_5_4</tt>. äÌÑ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ
×ÅÔ×É ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ FreeBSD 5-STABLE, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÅÇ ×ÅÔ×É <tt
class="LITERAL">RELENG_5</tt>. ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ CVS ÄÌÑ ÉÚ×ÌÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×,
×ÁÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÌÑ CVS ÆÌÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-P</code>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÕÓÔÙÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ
ÕÄÁÌÑÌÉÓØ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ×
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ É ÇÒÕÐÐ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁÍ. ïÎÉ
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mergemaster -p</kbd>
</pre>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ.</p>
<p>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ × FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÆÁÊÌ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÌÓÑ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> × <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ Õ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
ÕËÁÚÁÎÁ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, ÜÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÑ × <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/passwd</tt>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>óÏÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make buildworld</kbd>
</pre>
<p>åÓÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <code class="VARNAME">CPUTYPE</code> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÁ × <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>, ÏÎÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎÁ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ <tt
class="LITERAL">?=</tt>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ <tt class="LITERAL">buildworld</tt> ÍÏÇ ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÔØ
ÅÅ ÐÒÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
<p>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ <code class="VARNAME">MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX</code> <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅÌØÚÑ</i></span> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ × <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>.</p>
<p>ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ``ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË'', ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ × <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÁ. üÔÏ
ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ×ÁÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ×ÌÉÑÀÔ ÎÁ ÓÂÏÒËÕ ÉÌÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ FreeBSD, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <code class="VARNAME">NO_TOOLCHAIN</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>óÏÂÅÒÉÔÅ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make buildkernel</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> <tt
class="LITERAL">buildkernel</tt>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÑÄÒÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÏ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÏÍ,
ÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÍ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÉ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÂÏÒËÁ ÑÄÒÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.</p>
<p>èÏÔÑ ÓÂÏÒËÁ (É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ) ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ × ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ,
ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÑÄÒÁ <tt class="LITERAL">GENERIC</tt> É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÏÚÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÉÔÅÌØÎÅÅ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔØ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÎÉÖÅ. ðÒÉ ÓÂÏÒËÅ
ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ × ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
ÑÄÒÏ <tt class="LITERAL">GENERIC</tt> ÉÚ FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>,
ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á É ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÂÙÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. ÷ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ <tt
class="LITERAL">COMPAT_FREEBSD4</tt> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>îÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÈÉÎÔÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ISA Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ
ÎÉÖÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ. ðÏÄÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÉÍÑ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <tt
class="LITERAL">i386</tt>) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>MACHINE</i></tt>.</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cp sys/<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>MACHINE</i></tt>/conf/GENERIC.hints /boot/device.hints</kbd>
</pre>
<p>èÏÔÑ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÈÉÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÈÉÎÔÙ ISA
ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ISA ÎÅ-PNP ËÁÒÔÁÍÉ (ÇÄÅ ÈÉÎÔÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ), ÄÌÑ
ÎÅ-PNPBIOS ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÆÌÏÐÐÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÞÔÏÂÙ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ PNPBIOS
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make installkernel</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ × FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÑÄÒÏ ÐÏ
ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">/kernel</tt>, Á × FreeBSD 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÑÄÒÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × <tt
class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel/kernel</tt>. íÏÄÕÌÉ ÑÄÒÁ × 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt
class="FILENAME">/modules</tt>, Á × 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÏÎÉ
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src/sys/boot</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make STRIP="" install</kbd>
</pre>
<p>èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌÅÎ, ÏÎ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ïÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× (ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË VMware) ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ
ÐÁÄÅÎÉÊ, ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ × ABI ÑÄÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÑÍÉ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ. ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ,
ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÏ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ.
ïÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÕÓÔÒÁÎÉÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ
×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>óÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fsck -p</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount -uw /</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount -at ufs</kbd>
</pre>
<p>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÙÚÏ× <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>
ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÌÅÊ × ÓÕÐÅÒÂÌÏËÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD
5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÞÁÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÍ
×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, Á ÎÅ × UTC, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">adjkerntz -i</kbd>
</pre>
<p>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÛÁÇÁ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ (ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
ÒÁÚ).</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
WARNING: userland calling deprecated sysctl, please rebuild world
</pre>
<p>ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÐÏËÏÊÎÏ ÐÒÏÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>õÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× C++:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm -rf /usr/include/g++</kbd>
</pre>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÔÉÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÏ×, ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÈÓÑ ÏÔ
ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> 2.95 C++, ÐÒÉ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑÈ.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make installworld</kbd>
</pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>îÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>, ÅÇÏ
ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÙ × <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(8)</span></a>, ×
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. åÓÌÉ ËÁËÉÅ-ÌÉÂÏ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÕÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × <tt
class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÉÈ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÕÀ
ËÏÐÉÀ.</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /etc</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mv named named.bak</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir -p /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">cp -Rp named.bak/* /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
</pre>
<p>åÓÌÉ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ <tt
class="FILENAME">localhost</tt>, ÄÌÑ ÉÈ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÓÂÏÒËÉ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">/bin/sh make-localhost</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">rm -f localhost-v6.rev localhost.rev</kbd>
</pre>
<p>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ Ä×Á ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÛÉÈ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÏÔ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ <b
class="APPLICATION">BIND</b>:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/sbin/nslookup</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/sbin/nsupdate</kbd>
</pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>ïÂÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ×:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mergemaster -i</kbd>
</pre>
<p>üÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÎÅ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌÅÎ. ïÎ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× É ÆÁÊÌÏ×
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt> × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÍÕ ÑÄÒÕ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a>,
ÎÅÐÌÏÈÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ (É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ) <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>.
úÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÍÙÈ × ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÉÓØ; ×
ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × 5.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>õÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÅÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ <b class="APPLICATION">BIND 8</b>:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/bin/dnskeygen /usr/bin/dnsquery</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/libexec/named-xfer</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/sbin/named.restart /usr/sbin/ndc</kbd>
</pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>ðÏÓÌÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔ, ÎÅ
×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔÉ. <b
class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ, ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÁ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>) ÉÌÉ ÉÚ ÐÁËÅÔÁ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ
É/ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÝÉÅ ÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b>, ÎÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ ×
ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
<p>äÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
ÎÁÂÏÒ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅË, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ. ïÎ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÁËÅÔÁ/ÐÏÒÔÁ
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/compat4x/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">misc/compat4x</tt></a>.</p>
<p>ëÁË ÂÙÌÏ ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÏ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÜÔÏ
ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ X Window System ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ. ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ× (Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ) ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
ÜÔÏÍÕ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÀ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÞÅÓÔØ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ. äÌÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó
<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b> ÎÁ <b
class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/x-install.html"
target="_top">õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ X11</a> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUMMARY" name="SUMMARY">6. éÔÏÇÉ</a></h2>
<p>÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÅ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÈ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ FreeBSD
5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, É ÓÐÉÓÏË ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×, ÔÒÅÂÕÀÝÉÈ ÏÓÏÂÏÇÏ
×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÑ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ËÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ FreeBSD 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. úÄÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ ÐÏ
ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ, ÏÄÎÁ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.</p>
</div>
</div>
<h3 class="FOOTNOTES">ðÒÉÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ</h3>
<table border="0" class="FOOTNOTES" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="5%"><a id="FTN.AEN160" name="FTN.AEN160"
href="#AEN160"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="95%">
<p>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ i386 É pc98 Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ ÑÄÒÁ <tt class="LITERAL">COMPAT_AOUT</tt>.
îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÏ× ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/gcc28/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">lang/gcc28</tt></a>) ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁ <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
FreeBSD, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏÐÒÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ,</a> ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÐÉÓØÍÏ ×
<<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ <<a
href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏ
ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
</body>
</html>
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