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|
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD/pc98 5.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR"
content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 " />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
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<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"
link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/pc98
5.0-RELEASE Release Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002,
2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD:
src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.467.2.8 2003/01/14 18:12:51 roam Exp $<br />
</p>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT">
<a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE contain a
summary of recent changes made to the FreeBSD base
system on the 5-CURRENT development branch. Both
changes for kernel and userland are listed, as well as
applicable security advisories that were issued since
the last release. Some brief remarks on upgrading are
also presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1.1 <a href="#AEN401">Processor/Motherboard
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.2 <a href="#AEN439">Bootloader
Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.3 <a href="#AEN462">Network Interface
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.4 <a href="#AEN727">Network
Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.5 <a href="#AEN908">Disks and
Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.6 <a href="#AEN1150">Filesystems</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.7 <a href="#AEN1247">PCCARD
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.8 <a href="#AEN1270">Multimedia
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.9 <a href="#AEN1301">Contributed
Software</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#SECURITY">Security-Related
Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN3866">Contributed
Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN4323">Ports/Packages
Collection Infrastructure</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#AEN4441">Release Engineering and
Integration</a></dt>
<dt>2.5 <a href="#AEN4466">Documentation</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases
of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1
Introduction</a></h1>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
5.0-RELEASE on the NEC PC-98x1 hardware platform. It
describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of
FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on upgrading from
previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE is a release
distribution. It can be found at <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other)
release distributions of FreeBSD can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's
New</a></h1>
<p>This section describes many of the user-visible new or
changed features in FreeBSD since 4.0-RELEASE. It includes
items that are unique to the 5-CURRENT branch, as well as
some features that may have been recently merged to other
branches (after FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE). The later items are
marked as [MERGED].</p>
<p>Typical release note items document new drivers or
hardware support, new commands or options, major bugfixes,
or contributed software upgrades. Applicable security
advisories issued after 4.6-RELEASE are also listed.</p>
<p>Many additional changes were made to FreeBSD that are
not listed here for lack of space. For example,
documentation was corrected and improved, minor bugs were
fixed, insecure coding practices were audited and
corrected, and source code was cleaned up.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.1 Kernel
Changes</a></h2>
<p>Execution of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=a.out&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">a.out</span>(5)</span></a> format
executables now requires the <tt
class="LITERAL">COMPAT_AOUT</tt> option in the kernel
configuration or the loading of the <tt
class="FILENAME">aout.ko</tt> kernel module.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acct&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">acct</span>(2)</span></a> has been
changed to open the accounting file in append mode, so
that <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accton&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">accton</span>(8)</span></a> can be
used to enable accounting to an append-only file.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>Preliminary support for Bluetooth devices has been
added, in the form of a series of Netgraph modules (see
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bluetooth&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bluetooth</span>(4)</span></a>).
Two modules provide device driver support for Bluetooth
adapters: The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a> driver
supports the 3Com/HP Bluetooth PCCARD adapters, while the
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
supports several USB Bluetooth adapters.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Bluetooth support in FreeBSD is a
work in progress.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>A new in-kernel cryptographic framework (see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(9)</span></a>) has
been imported from OpenBSD. It provides a consistent
interface to hardware and software implementations of
cryptographic algorithms for use by the kernel and access
to cryptographic hardware for user-mode applications.
Hardware device drivers are provided to support
hifn-based cards (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a>) and
Broadcom-based cards (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a>).
[MERGED]</p>
<p>A new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> command
<tt class="COMMAND">show pcpu</tt> lists some of the
per-CPU data.</p>
<p>A <tt class="FILENAME">devctl</tt> device has been
added to allow userland programs to learn when devices
come and go in the device tree. This facility is
primarily used by the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a>
utility.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>, which
allows entries in the <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt>
directory to be built automatically and supports more
flexible attachment of devices, has been largely
reworked. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> is now
enabled by default and can be disabled by the <tt
class="LITERAL">NODEVFS</tt> kernel option. A ``rule''
subsystem permits the administrator to define certain
properties of new device nodes before they become visible
to the userland. Both static (e.g. <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/speaker</tt>) and dynamic (e.g. <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/bpf*</tt>, some removable devices)
nodes are supported. Each <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> mount
may have a different ruleset assigned to it, permitting
different policies to be implemented for things like
jails. Rules and rulesets are manipulated with the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(8)</span></a>
utility.</p>
<p>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI
Xr-based and ISA Xem Digiboard cards. A new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digictl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">digictl</span>(8)</span></a>
program is (mainly) used to re-initialize cards that have
external port modules attached such as the PC/Xem. This
driver replaces the older dgm driver.</p>
<p>An <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eaccess&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">eaccess</span>(2)</span></a> system
call has been added, similar to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=access&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">access</span>(2)</span></a> except
that the former uses effective credentials rather than
real credentials.</p>
<p>Initial support has been added for FireWire devices
(see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=firewire&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">firewire</span>(4)</span></a>).
[MERGED]</p>
<p>Each <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>
environment can now run under its own securelevel.</p>
<p>The tunable sysctl variables for <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> have
moved from <tt class="VARNAME">jail.*</tt> to the <tt
class="VARNAME">security.*</tt> hierarchy. Other
security-related sysctl variables have moved from <tt
class="VARNAME">kern.security.*</tt> to <tt
class="VARNAME">security.*</tt>.</p>
<p>The kernel environment is now dynamic, and can be
changed via the new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(2)</span></a> system
call.</p>
<p>The labpc(4) driver has been removed due to
``bitrot''.</p>
<p>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named
<tt class="FILENAME">linker.hints</tt> in each directory
with KLDs for a module name and version to KLD filename
mapping. The new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldxref&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldxref</span>(8)</span></a>
utility is used to generate these files.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lomac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">lomac</span>(4)</span></a>, a
Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control security facility,
has been added as a kernel module. It provides a drop-in
security mechanism in addition to the traditional
UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional
configuration from the administrator. Work on this
feature was sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</p>
<p>FreeBSD now supports an extensible Mandatory Access
Control framework, the TrustedBSD MAC Framework. It
permits loadable kernel modules to link to the kernel at
compile-time, boot-time, or run-time to augment the
system security policy. The framework permits modules to
express interest in a variety of events, and also
provides common security policy services such as label
storage. A variety of sample policy modules are shipped
in this release, including implementations of fixed and
floating label Biba integrity models, Multi-Level
Security (MLS) with compartments, and a number of
augmented UNIX security models including a file system
firewall. This feature will permit easier development and
maintenance of local and vendor security extensions. The
extensibility service is enabled by adding <tt
class="LITERAL">options MAC</tt> to the kernel
configuration.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The MAC framework is considered an
experimental feature in this release, and is not
enabled by default</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mutex&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mutex</span>(9)</span></a>
profiling code has been added, enabled by the <tt
class="LITERAL">MUTEX_PROFILING</tt> kernel configuration
option. It enables the <tt
class="VARNAME">debug.mutex.prof.*</tt> hierarchy of
sysctl variables.</p>
<p>The <tt class="LITERAL">P1003_1B</tt> kernel option is
no longer used and has been removed.</p>
<p>PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has been
added.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device
has been rewritten to use the <b
class="APPLICATION">Yarrow</b> algorithm. It harvests
entropy from a variety of interrupt sources, including
the console devices, Ethernet and point-to-point network
interfaces, and mass-storage devices. Entropy from the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> device
is now periodically saved to files in <tt
class="FILENAME">/var/db/entropy</tt>, as well as at
shutdown time. The semantics of <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt> have changed; it never
blocks waiting for entropy bits but generates a stream of
pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly as <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/urandom</tt>.</p>
<p>A new kernel option, <tt class="LITERAL">options
REGRESSION</tt>, enables interfaces and functionality
intended for use during correctness and regression
testing.</p>
<p><tt class="LITERAL">RLIMIT_VMEM</tt> support has been
added. This feature defines a new resource limit that
covers a process's entire virtual memory space, including
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> space.
This limit can be configured in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=login.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">login.conf</span>(5)</span></a> via
the new <tt class="VARNAME">vmemoryuse</tt> variable.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>A bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendfile&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendfile</span>(2)</span></a>
system call, in which headers counted against the size of
the file to be sent, has been fixed. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports keyboard-controlled pasting, by default
bound to <b class="KEYCAP">Shift</b>-<b
class="KEYCAP">Insert</b>.</p>
<p>The uaudio driver, for USB audio devices, has been
added. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The ubsa driver has been added to support the Belkin
F5U103 (and compatible) USB-to-serial adaptors.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucom</span>(4)</span></a> device
driver has been added, to support USB modems, serial
devices, and other programs that need to look like a tty.
The related <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvscom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvscom</span>(4)</span></a> drivers
provide specific support for FTDI serial adapters, the
Prolific PL-2303 serial adapter and the SUNTAC Slipper U
VS-10U, respectively. [MERGED]</p>
<p>To increase security, the <tt
class="LITERAL">UCONSOLE</tt> kernel configuration option
has been removed.</p>
<p>The UserConfig boot-time kernel configuration feature,
usually used to enable, disable, or configure ISA
devices, has been removed. Its functionality has been
replaced by the kernel hints file in <tt
class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>.</p>
<p>The <tt class="LITERAL">USER_LDT</tt> kernel option is
now activated by default.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a> driver
for connecting Handspring Visors via USB has been added.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been
added.</p>
<p>The kernel crashdump infrastructure has been revised,
to support new platforms and in general clean up the
logic in the code. One implication of this change is that
the on-disk format for kernel dumps has changed, and is
now byte-order-agnostic.</p>
<p>Extremely large swap areas (>67 GB) no longer panic
the system.</p>
<p>Linker sets are now self-contained; gensetdefs(8) is
unnecessary and has been removed.</p>
<p>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment
variables (such as tunables) at compile-time using <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>'s <tt
class="LITERAL">ENV</tt> directive.</p>
<p>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the <tt
class="VARNAME">vm.idlezero_enable</tt> sysctl
variable.</p>
<p>The FreeBSD kernel scheduler now supports
Kernel-Scheduled Entities (KSEs), which provides support
for multiple threads of execution per process similar to
Scheduler Activations. At this point, the kernel has most
of the changes needed to support threading. The kernel
scheduler can schedule multiple threads per process, but
only on a single CPU at a time. More information can be
found in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kse&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">kse</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> KSE is a work in progress.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>The kernel now has support for multiple low-level
console devices. The new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
utility helps to manage the different consoles.</p>
<p>The kernel memory allocator is now a slab memory
allocator, similar to that used in Solaris. This is a
SMP-safe memory allocator that has near-linear
performance as the number of CPUs increases. It also
allows for reduced memory fragmentation.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN401" name="AEN401">2.1.1
Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3>
<p>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating
code from BSD/OS 5.0. One of the main features of SMPng
(``SMP Next Generation'') is to allow more processes to
run in kernel, without the need for spin locks that can
dramatically reduce the efficiency of multiple
processors. Interrupt handlers now have contexts
associated with them that allow them to be blocked,
which reduces the need to lock out interrupts.</p>
<p>Support for the 80386 processor has been removed
from the <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel, as
this code seriously pessimizes performance on other
IA32 processors. The <tt class="LITERAL">I386_CPU</tt>
kernel option to support the 80386 processor is now
mutually exclusive with support for other IA32
processors; this should slightly improve performance on
the 80386 due to the elimination of runtime processor
type checks. Custom kernels that will run on the 80386
can still be built by changing the CPU options in the
kernel configuration file to only include <tt
class="LITERAL">I386_CPU</tt>.</p>
<p>The <tt class="LITERAL">CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG</tt>
kernel configuration option has been added. Enabling
this option has been shown to dramatically improve
performance on VMWare client OS installs.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> This option is not compatible with
<tt class="LITERAL">SMP</tt> kernels.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN439" name="AEN439">2.1.2
Bootloader Changes</a></h3>
<p>The kernel and modules have been moved to the
directory <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>, so
they can be easily manipulated together. The boot
loader has been updated to make this change as seamless
as possible.</p>
<p>The boot loader now supports loading kernels from
both UFS1 and UFS2 filesystems.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN462" name="AEN462">2.1.3
Network Interface Support</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports NICs based on the Xircom 3201 and Conexant
LANfinity RS7112 chips.</p>
<p>The lmc driver has been added to support LAN Media
Corp WAN adapters based on the DEC ``Tulip'' PCI Fast
Ethernet controller.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been updated to version 3.02 and can now be built
as a module. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> device
is now clonable.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports true multicast filtering.</p>
<p>Network devices now automatically appear as special
files in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/net</tt>. Interface
hardware ioctls (not protocol or routing) can be
performed on these devices. The <tt
class="VARNAME">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> ioctl may be performed
on the special <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/network</tt>
node.</p>
<p>``Zero copy'' support has been added to the
networking stack. This feature can eliminate a copy of
network data between the kernel and userland, which is
one of the more significant bottlenecks in network
throughput. The send-side code should work with almost
any network adapter, while the receive-side code
requires a network adapter with an MTU of at least one
memory page size (for example, jumbo frames on Gigabit
Ethernet). For more information, see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zero_copy&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">zero_copy</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN727" name="AEN727">2.1.4
Network Protocols</a></h3>
<p>A <tt class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> kernel option
now allows the IPsec implementation to use the kernel
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a>
framework, along with its support for hardware
cryptographic acceleration.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The <tt
class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">IPSEC</tt> options are mutually
exclusive.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The <tt
class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> option is, at the
moment, not compatible with IPv6 or the <tt
class="LITERAL">INET6</tt> option.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> driver,
which can encapsulate IP packets using GRE (RFC 1701)
or minimal IP encapsulation for Mobile IP (RFC 2004),
has been added. [MERGED]</p>
<p>ICMP ECHO and TSTAMP replies are now rate limited.
TCP RSTs generated due to packets sent to open and
unopen ports are now limited by separate counters. Each
rate limiting queue now has its own description.</p>
<p>ICMP Source Quench messages are no longer generated
for forwarded packets. The old behavior can be
re-enabled with the <tt
class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.sendsourcequench</tt>
sysctl variable.</p>
<p>IP multicast now works on VLAN devices. Several
other bugs in the VLAN code have also been fixed.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> has
been re-implemented (the new version is commonly
referred to as ``IPFW2''). It now uses variable-sized
representation of rules in the kernel, similar to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bpf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bpf</span>(4)</span></a>
instructions. Most of the externally-visible behavior
(i.e. through <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>) should
be unchanged, although <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports <tt class="LITERAL">or</tt> connectives
between match fields. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_device&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_device</span>(4)</span></a>
netgraph node type has been added, which creates a
device entry in <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt>, to be
used as the entry point to a networking graph.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif</span>(4)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_gif_demux&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_gif_demux</span>(4)</span></a>
netgraph nodes, for operating on <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gif&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gif</span>(4)</span></a> devices,
have been added.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ip_input&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ip_input</span>(4)</span></a>
netgraph node, for queueing IP packets into the main IP
input processing code, has been added.</p>
<p>A new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_l2tp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_l2tp</span>(4)</span></a>
netgraph node type, which implements the encapsulation
layer of the L2TP protocol as described in RFC 2661,
has been added. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A new ng_split node type has been added for
splitting a bidirectional packet flow into two
unidirectional flows.</p>
<p>The ephemeral port range used for TCP and UDP has
been changed to 49152-65535 (the old default was
1024-5000). This increases the number of concurrent
outgoing connections/streams.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>
protocol's retransmission timer can now be manipulated
with two sysctl variables, <tt
class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rexmit_min</tt> and <tt
class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rexmit_slop</tt>. The
default has been reduced from one second to 200ms
(similar to the Linux default) in order to better
handle hiccups over interactive connections and improve
recovery over lossy fast connections such as wireless
links.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a> protocol
now has the ability to dynamically limit the send-side
window to maximize bandwidth and minimize round trip
times. The feature can be enabled via the <tt
class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight_enable</tt>
sysctl. [MERGED]</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN908" name="AEN908">2.1.5
Disks and Storage</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
(along with <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a>) now
supports writing to media in DVD+RW drives.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports accessing ATA devices as SCSI devices via
the CAM layer and drivers (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=da&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">da</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=st&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">st</span>(4)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pass</span>(4)</span></a>). This
feature requires <tt class="LITERAL">device
atapicam</tt> in the kernel configuration. More
information can be found in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atapicam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">atapicam</span>(4)</span></a>.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now has support for the Sil 0680 and VIA 8233/8235
controllers. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now has support for the Acard ATP850, ATP860, and
ATP865 controllers.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
is now supported on the pc98 platform.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports the same <tt
class="LITERAL">CDRIOCREADSPEED</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">CDRIOCWRITESPEED</tt> ioctls that the
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
uses for setting the speed of CDROM access.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=targ&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">targ</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been rewritten and a new usermode has been added to
<tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/share/examples/scsi_target</tt>
that emulates a direct access device.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a> floppy
disk driver has undergone a number of enhancements.
Density selection for common settings is now automatic;
the driver is also much more flexible in setting the
densities of various subdevices.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> disk
I/O request transformation framework has been added;
this extensible framework is designed to support a wide
variety of operations on I/O requests on their way from
the upper kernel to the device drivers.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> GEOM-enabled kernels no longer
support ``compatability slices''. This feature
(supported on the i386 and pc98 only) allowed a
user to refer to a disk partition without
specifying an MBR slice (e.g. <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0a</tt>); the kernel would
automatically find the first applicable FreeBSD
slice and use it. On GEOM-enabled kernels (the
default), only the full partition names (e.g. <tt
class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s1a</tt>) are allowed when
referring to partitions within MBR slices. This
change should affect very few users.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>A GEOM Based Disk Encryption module has been added.
It provides denial of access to ``cold disks'', with
four different cryptographic barriers and up to four
changeable pass-phrases. Much more information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(4)</span></a> manual
page. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(8)</span></a>
userland utility provides an operation and management
interface to this module. This feature is not enabled
by default; it requires <tt class="LITERAL">options
GEOM_BDE</tt> to be added to a kernel configuration
file.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> This feature should be considered
experimental.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
is now proactive about discovering Fibre Channel
topology changes.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports target mode for Qlogic SCSI cards,
including Ultra2 and Ultra3 and dual bus cards.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been removed after falling into a state of
disrepair in the source tree and because of concerns
over its licensing terms. These issues are currently
being addressed and this driver may reappear in future
versions of FreeBSD. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a>, the
memory disk device, has had the functionality of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a>
incorporated into it. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> devices
can now be configured by <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">vn</span>(4)</span></a> has been
removed. The Memory Filesystem (MFS) has also been
removed.</p>
<p>The mpt driver, for supporting the LSI Logic
Fusion/MP architecture Fiber Channel controllers, has
been added. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The RAIDframe disk driver has been imported from
NetBSD. This driver provides software-based RAID 0, 1,
4, and 5 capabilities, as well as other functionality.
More information can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raid&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">raid</span>(4)</span></a> driver
manual page. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=raidctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">raidctl</span>(8)</span></a>
utility is used to configure and unconfigure disk
arrays. This feature is not enabled by default, and
requires <tt class="LITERAL">device raidframe</tt> to
be configured into a kernel.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> This feature should be considered
experimental.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>Some problems in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sa</span>(4)</span></a> error
handling have been fixed, including the ``tape drive
spinning indefinitely upon <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mt</span>(1)</span></a> <tt
class="OPTION">stat</tt>'' problem.</p>
<p>The <tt class="VARNAME">SCSI_DELAY</tt>
configuration parameter can now be set at boot time and
runtime via the <tt
class="VARNAME">kern.cam.scsi_delay</tt>
tunable/sysctl.</p>
<p>The trm driver has been added to support SCSI
adapters using the Tekram TRM-S1040 SCSI chipset.
[MERGED]</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1150" name="AEN1150">2.1.6
Filesystems</a></h3>
<p>Support for named extended attributes has been added
to the FreeBSD kernel. This allows the kernel, and
appropriately privileged userland processes, to tag
files and directories with attribute data. Extended
attributes were added to support the TrustedBSD
Project, in particular ACLs, capability data, and
mandatory access control labels (see <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.extattr</tt>
for details).</p>
<p>A filesystem snapshot capability has been added to
FFS. Details can be found in <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</tt>.</p>
<p>When running with Soft Updates, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=statfs&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">statfs</span>(2)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> will
track the number of blocks and files that are committed
to being freed.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kernfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">kernfs</span>(5)</span></a> is
obsolete and has been retired.</p>
<p>Client-side NFS locks have been implemented.</p>
<p>The client-side and server-side of the NFS code in
the kernel used to be intertwined in various complex
ways. They have been split apart for ease of
maintenance and further development.</p>
<p>Support for filesystem Access Control Lists (ACLs)
has been introduced, allowing more fine-grained control
of discretionary access control on files and
directories. This support was integrated from the
TrustedBSD Project. More details can be found in <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.acls</tt>.</p>
<p>For consistency, the fdesc, fifo, null, msdos,
portal, umap, and union filesystems have been renamed
to fdescfs, fifofs, msdosfs, nullfs, portalfs, umapfs,
and unionfs. Where applicable, modules and mount_*
programs have been renamed. Compatibility ``glue'' has
been added to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> so
that <tt class="LITERAL">msdos</tt> filesystem entries
in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a> will
work without changes.</p>
<p>pseudofs, a pseudo-filesystem framework, has been
added. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a>
and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> have
been modified to use pseudofs.</p>
<p>Network filesystems (such as NFS and smbfs
filesystems) listed in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> can now be properly
mounted during startup initialization; their mounts are
deferred until after the network is initialized.</p>
<p>Read-only support for the Universal Disk Format
(UDF) has been added. This format is used on
packet-written CD-RWs and most commercial DVD-Video
disks. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_udf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_udf</span>(8)</span></a>
command can be used to mount these disks.</p>
<p>Basic support has been added for the UFS2
filesystem. Among the new features of UFS2:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The inode has been expanded to 256 bytes to make
space for 64-bit block pointers.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A file-creation time field has been added.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A native extended attributes implementation has
been added, permitting total attribute size stored
on an inode to be up to twice the filesystem block
size. This storage is used for Access Control Lists
and MAC labels, but may also be used by other
system extensions and user applications.</p>
</li>
</ul>
UFS1 remains the default on-disk format, although UFS2
can be selected as an option in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> or via
the partitioning screen in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
64-bit platforms can boot from UFS2 root
filesystems.<br />
<br />
<p>To support new features mentioned in this section,
minor changes have been made to the format of the UFS1
superblock. These changes may create some compatability
problems when a system older than FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE
attempts to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> or <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> a local
UFS1 filesystem created by FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE or
later. FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE and later are fully
compatible. This situation typically arises on a
dual-boot machine with multiple versions of FreeBSD
installed.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1247" name="AEN1247">2.1.7
PCCARD Support</a></h3>
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1270" name="AEN1270">2.1.8
Multimedia Support</a></h3>
<p>A new API has been added for sound cards with
hardware volume control.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1301" name="AEN1301">2.1.9
Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p>The Forth Inspired Command Language (<b
class="APPLICATION">FICL</b>) used in the boot loader
has been updated to 3.02.</p>
<p>Support for Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface (ACPI), a multi-vendor standard for
configuration and power management, has been added.
This functionality has been provided by the <b
class="APPLICATION">Intel ACPI Component
Architecture</b> project, as of the ACPI CA 20021118
snapshot. Some backward compatability for applications
using the older APM standard has been provided.</p>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN1307"
name="AEN1307">2.1.9.1 IPFilter</a></h4>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been
updated to 3.4.29. [MERGED]</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT4"><a id="KAME-KERNEL"
name="KAME-KERNEL">2.1.9.3 KAME</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.2
Security-Related Changes</a></h2>
<p>A buffer overflow in the resolver, which could be
exploited by a malicious domain name server or an
attacker forging DNS messages, has been fixed. See
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:28.resolv.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:28</a> for more details.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>A buffer overflow in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a>, which
could be triggered by badly-formed NFS packets, has been
fixed. See security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:29.tcpdump.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:29</a> for more details.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktrace&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ktrace</span>(1)</span></a> can no
longer trace the operation of formerly privileged
processes; this prevents the leakage of sensitive
information that the process could have obtained before
abandoning its privileges. For a discussion of this
issue, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:30.ktrace.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:30</a> for more details.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>A race condition in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a>, which
could be used to change the permissions of an arbitrary
file, has been corrected. For more information, see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:32.pppd.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:32</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>Multiple buffer overflows in <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> have been corrected, by
way of an upgrade to the base system version of <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>. More details can be
found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:33.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:33</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A heap buffer overflow in the XDR decoder has been
fixed. For more details, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:34.rpc.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:34</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A bug that could allow local users to read and write
arbitrary blocks on an FFS filesystem has been corrected.
More details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:35.ffs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:35</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A bug in the NFS server code, which could allow a
remote denial of service attack, has been fixed. Security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:36.nfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:36</a> has more details.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>A bug that could allow local users to panic a system
using the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a>
mechanism has been fixed. More information is contained
in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:37.kqueue.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:37</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>Several bounds-checking bugs in system calls, which
could result in some system calls returning a large
portion of kernel memory, have been fixed. More
information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:38.signed-error.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:38</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A bug that could allow applications using <tt
class="FILENAME">libkvm</tt> to leak sensitive file
descriptors has been corrected. (See security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:39.libkvm.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:39</a> for more details.)
[MERGED]</p>
<p>Buffer overflows in kadmind(8) and k5admin have been
corrected. More details can be found in security advisory
<a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:40.kadmind.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:40</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>Errors in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smrsh&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">smrsh</span>(8)</span></a>, which
could allow users to circumvent restrictions on what
programs can be executed, have been fixed. See <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:41.smrsh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:41</a> for details.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>Buffer overflows in the DNS <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
which could cause some applications to fail, have been
corrected. More details are in <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:42.resolv.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:42</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>Multiple vulnerabilities in <b
class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> have been fixed, as
described in <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:43.bind.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:43</a>. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A file descriptor leak in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpathconf&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpathconf</span>(2)</span></a>
system call, which could allow a local user to crash the
system or cause a privilege escalation, has been fixed.
More details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:44.filedesc.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:44</a>. [MERGED]</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3
Userland Changes</a></h2>
<p>Support for creating <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=a.out&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">a.out</span>(5)</span></a> format
executables with the base system compiler toolchain has
been removed.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmuser&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span></a> are now
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> scripts,
rather than Perl scripts.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now prints
<tt class="LITERAL">[fddi]</tt> or <tt
class="LITERAL">[atm]</tt> tags for addresses on
interfaces of those types.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asa&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">asa</span>(1)</span></a> utility,
to interpret FORTRAN carriage-control characters, has
been added.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=at&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">at</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports the <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt> command-line
option to remove jobs and the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt>
option to specify times in POSIX time format.</p>
<p>The system <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">awk</span>(1)</span></a> now refers
to <b class="APPLICATION">BWK awk</b>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=basename&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">basename</span>(1)</span></a> now
accept <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> and <tt
class="OPTION">-s</tt> flags, which allow it to perform
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=basename&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">basename</span>(3)</span></a>
function on multiple files.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=biff&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">biff</span>(1)</span></a> now
accepts a <tt class="OPTION">b</tt> argument to enable
``bell notification'' of new mail (which does not disturb
the terminal contents as <tt class="COMMAND">biff y</tt>
would). [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=biff&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">biff</span>(1)</span></a> now uses
the first terminal associated with the standard input,
standard output or standard error file descriptor, in
that order. Thus, it is possible to use the redirection
facilities of a shell (<tt class="COMMAND">biff n <
/dev/ttyp1</tt>) to toggle the notification for other
terminals.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports Disk At Once (DAO) mode, selectable via the <tt
class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now has
the ability to write VCDs/SVCDs. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now
accepts a value of <tt class="LITERAL">max</tt> for its
<tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> option to set the drive's
maximum write speed. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzgrep</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzegrep</span>(1)</span></a>, and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzfgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzfgrep</span>(1)</span></a> have
been added to perform <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=grep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">grep</span>(1)</span></a>-type
operations on <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>-compressed
files.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=calendar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">calendar</span>(1)</span></a> now
takes a <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option, which operates
similar to <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> but without special
treatment at weekends, and a <tt class="OPTION">-F</tt>
option to change the notion of ``Friday''.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=catman&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">catman</span>(1)</span></a> is now
a C program, instead of a Perl script.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="LITERAL">speed</tt> command to set
the maximum speed to be used by the drive (the maximum
possible speed can be selected setting the speed to <tt
class="LITERAL">max</tt>). [MERGED]</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=check_utility_compat&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">check_utility_compat</span>(3)</span></a>
library function has been added to <tt
class="FILENAME">libc</tt>, to determine whether certain
FreeBSD base system utilities should behave in FreeBSD
4-compatible mode or in a ``standard'' mode (default
standard). The configuration is done <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=malloc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">malloc</span>(3)</span></a>-style,
with either an environment variable or a symbolic
link.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> has
moved from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt> to <tt
class="FILENAME">/bin</tt>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> for changing the
mode of a symbolic link.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span></a> now
also, when the mode is modified, prints the old and new
modes if the <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> option is
specified more than once.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chown</span>(8)</span></a> no
longer takes <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> as a user/group
delimeter. This change was made to support usernames
containing a <tt class="LITERAL">.</tt> character.</p>
<p>Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">CSMG_*</tt> macros no
longer require inclusion of <tt
class="FILENAME"><sys/param.h></tt></p>
<p>A <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> distribution has
been added for compatibility with FreeBSD 4-STABLE. It
includes a subset of the libraries distributed with
FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a
(nonstandard) <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to
automatically answer ``no'' when it would ask to
overwrite a file. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csplit&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">csplit</span>(1)</span></a>
utility, which splits files based on context, has been
added.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctags</span>(1)</span></a> now
creates tags for typedefs, structs, unions, and enums by
default (implying the <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> option).
The new <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> reverts to the old
behavior.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a>
program, a command-line interface to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(3)</span></a>, has
been added. It detaches itself from its controlling
terminal and executes a program specified on the command
line. This allows the user to run an arbitrary program as
if it were written to be a daemon. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> utility,
a userland daemon that can run arbitrary commands when
devices come and go in the device tree, has been added.
This program is a generalization of some of the
functionality of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pccardd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pccardd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> is a
work in progress.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devinfo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">devinfo</span>(8)</span></a>, a
simple tool to print the device tree and resource usage
by devices, has been added.</p>
<p>diskpart(8) has been declared obsolete, and has been
removed.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> flag for dumping
live UFS and UFS2 filesystems safely. To obtain a
consistent dump image, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> takes a
snapshot of the filesystem and performs the dump on the
snapshot. The snapshot is removed when the dump is
complete.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a new <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> flag to allow
it to just print out the dump size estimates and exit.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">expr</span>(1)</span></a> is now
compliant with POSIX.2-1992 (and thus also with
POSIX.1-2001). Some program depend on the old, historic
behavior and do not properly protect their arguments to
keep them from being misinterpreted as command-line
options. (the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/libtool/pkg-descr">
<tt class="FILENAME">devel/libtool</tt></a> port/package,
used by many GNU programs, is a notable example). The old
behavior can be requested by enabling compatibility mode
for <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">expr</span>(1)</span></a> as
described in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=check_utility_compat&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">check_utility_compat</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fbtab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fbtab</span>(5)</span></a> now
accepts glob matching patterns for target devices, not
just individual devices and directories.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdisk&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdisk</span>(8)</span></a> no
longer attempts to search for a device if none has been
specified on the command line, but instead tries to
figure out the default device name from the root
device.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdread&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdread</span>(1)</span></a>, a
program to read data from floppy disks, has been added.
It is a counterpart to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdwrite&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdwrite</span>(1)</span></a> and is
designed to provide a means of recovering at least some
data from bad media, and to obviate the need for a
complex invocation of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now has
support for a <tt class="FILENAME">.pubkey</tt> file.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-g</tt> flag to restrict
the printing of GECOS information to the user's full name
only. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">finger</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports the <tt class="OPTION">-4</tt> and <tt
class="OPTION">-6</tt> flags to specify an address family
for remote queries. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fold&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fold</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-b</tt> flag to break at
byte positions and a <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to
break at word boundaries. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> wrappers
have been imported; this feature provides infrastructure
for <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> to work
on different types of filesystems (analogous to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a>).</p>
<p>The behavior of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> when
dealing with various passes (a la <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>) has been modified to
accommodate multiple-disk filesystems.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> now has
support for foreground (<tt class="OPTION">-F</tt>) and
background (<tt class="OPTION">-B</tt>) checks.
Traditionally, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is
invoked before the filesystems are mounted and all checks
are done to completion at that time. If background
checking is available, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> is
invoked twice. It is first invoked at the traditional
time, before the filesystems are mounted, with the <tt
class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag to do checking on all the
filesystems that cannot do background checking. It is
then invoked a second time, after the system has
completed going multiuser, with the <tt
class="OPTION">-B</tt> flag to do checking on all the
filesystems that can do background checking. Unlike the
foreground checking, the background checking is started
asynchronously so that other system activity can proceed
even on the filesystems that are being checked. Boot-time
enabling of this feature is controlled by the <tt
class="VARNAME">background_fsck</tt> option in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck_ffs</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports background filesystem checks to mounted FFS
filesystems with the <tt class="OPTION">-B</tt> option
(Soft Updates must be enabled on these filesystems). The
<tt class="OPTION">-F</tt> flag now determines whether a
specified filesystem needs foreground checking.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports the <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> option to permit
guest users to modify existing files if allowed by
filesystem permissions. In particular, this enables guest
users to resume uploads. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports the <tt class="OPTION">-M</tt> option to prevent
guest users from creating directories. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> and <tt
class="OPTION">-O</tt> options to disable the <tt
class="LITERAL">RETR</tt> command; the former for
everybody, and the latter only for guest users. Coupled
with <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> and appropriate file
permissions, these can be used to create a relatively
safe anonymous FTP drop box for others to upload to.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports the <tt class="OPTION">-W</tt> option to disable
logging FTP sessions to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wtmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">wtmp</span>(5)</span></a>.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwcontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
utility has been added to help users access and control
the FireWire subsystem. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getconf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getconf</span>(1)</span></a>
utility has been added. It prints the values of POSIX or
X/Open path or system configuration variables.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>gifconfig(8) is obsolete and has been removed. Its
functionality is now handled by the <tt
class="OPTION">tunnel</tt> and <tt
class="OPTION">deletetunnel</tt> commands of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gprof&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gprof</span>(1)</span></a> now has
a <tt class="OPTION">-K</tt> option to enable dynamic
symbol resolution from the currently-running kernel. With
this change, properly-compiled KLD modules are now able
to be profiled.</p>
<p>The ibcs(8), linux(8), osf1(8), and svr4(8) scripts,
whose sole purpose was to load emulation kernel modules,
have been removed. The kernel module system will
automatically load them as needed to fulfill
dependencies.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now
has the ability to set promiscuous mode on an interface,
via the new <tt class="OPTION">promisc</tt> flag.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="LITERAL">monitor</tt> interface
flag, which blocks transmission of packets on that
interface. This feature is useful for monitoring network
traffic without interacting with the network in
question.</p>
<p>By default, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> is no
longer run by <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> at
boot-time, although <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
gives the option of enabling it during binary
installations. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> can also
be enabled by adding the following line to <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
inetd_enable="YES"
</pre>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a> now has
the capability for limiting the maximum number of
simultaneous invocations of each service from a single IP
address. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> filter
rules can now match on the value of the IPv4 precedence
field.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kbdmap&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">kbdmap</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidfont&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">vidfont</span>(1)</span></a> have
been converted from Perl to C.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kenv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">kenv</span>(1)</span></a> now has
the ability to set or delete kernel environment
variables.</p>
<p>The kget(8) utility has been removed (it was only
useful for UserConfig, which is not present in FreeBSD
5.0-RELEASE).</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a> no
longer tries to kill zombie processes unless the <tt
class="OPTION">-z</tt> flag is specified.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktrdump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ktrdump</span>(8)</span></a>, a
utility to dump the ktr trace buffer from userland, has
been added.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ldd</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to list all
the objects that are needed by each loaded object.</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt> is now thread-safe by
default; <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> contains only
thread functions.</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">libstand</tt> now has support for
overwriting the contents of a file on a UFS filesystem
(it cannot expand or truncate files because the
filesystem may be dirty or inconsistent).</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">libgmp</tt> has been superceded
by <tt class="FILENAME">libmp</tt>.</p>
<p>The functions from <tt
class="FILENAME">libposix1e</tt> have been integrated
into <tt class="FILENAME">libc</tt>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lock&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">lock</span>(1)</span></a> now
accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-v</tt> to disable switching
VTYs while the current terminal is locked. This permits
locking the entire console from a single terminal.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span></a> has been
improved; <tt class="COMMAND">lpc clean</tt> is now
somewhat safer, and a new <tt class="COMMAND">lpc
tclean</tt> command has been added to check to see what
files would be removed by <tt class="COMMAND">lpc
clean</tt>. <tt class="COMMAND">lpc topq</tt> has been
reimplemented, and now allows for a much more flexible
specification of which jobs should be moved (such as a
range of job numbers, or a hostname). An <tt
class="COMMAND">lpc bottomq</tt> command has been added
to move jobs to the bottom of a print queue, and a new
<tt class="COMMAND">lpc setstatus</tt> command can be
used to set a printer's status message. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> program now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag to list files
across a page, a <tt class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to force
printing of a <tt class="LITERAL">/</tt> after
directories, and a <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> flag to
sort filenames across a page. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">makewhatis</span>(1)</span></a> is
now a C program, instead of a Perl script.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> is no
longer installed SUID <tt class="USERNAME">man</tt>, in
order to reduce vulnerabilities associated with
generating ``catpages'' (preformatted manual pages cached
for repeated viewing). As a result, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> can no
longer create system catpages on a regular user's behalf.
It is still able to do so if the user has write
permissions to the directory holding catpages (e.g. a
user's own manpages) or if the running user is <tt
class="USERNAME">root</tt>.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> command
has been added; it is a wrapper around <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount</span>(8)</span></a> that
mimics the command line option set of the deprecated <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_mfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_mfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mesg&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mesg</span>(1)</span></a> now
conforms to SUSv3. Among other things, it now uses the
first terminal associated with the standard input,
standard output or standard error file descriptor, in
that order. Thus, it is possible to use the redirection
facilities of a shell (<tt class="COMMAND">mesg n <
/dev/ttyp1</tt>) to control write access for other
terminals.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nfsd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nfsd</span>(8)</span></a> have
moved from <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin</tt> to <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mv&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mv</span>(1)</span></a> now takes a
(nonstandard) <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to
automatically answer ``no'' when it would ask to
overwrite a file. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A number of archaic features of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> have
been removed; these implemented tuning features that are
essentially useless on modern hard disks. These features
were controlled by the <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt>, <tt
class="OPTION">-d</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-k</tt>, <tt
class="OPTION">-l</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt>, <tt
class="OPTION">-p</tt>, <tt class="OPTION">-r</tt>, <tt
class="OPTION">-t</tt>, and <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt>
flags.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-O</tt> flag to select the
creation of UFS1 or UFS2 filesystems.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newgrp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newgrp</span>(1)</span></a> utility
to change to a new group has been added.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> now
compresses log files using <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a> by
default. (The former behavior of using <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> can be
specified in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/newsyslog.conf</tt>.)</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextboot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextboot</span>(8)</span></a>
utility has been added to specify an alternate kernel
and/or boot flags to be used the next time the machine is
booted. A previous incarnation of this feature first
appeared in FreeBSD 2.2.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">NFS</b> now works over
IPv6.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nice&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nice</span>(1)</span></a> now uses
the <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option to specify the
``niceness'' of the utility being run. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">nsswitch</b> support has been
merged from NetBSD. By creating an <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
file, FreeBSD can be configured so that various databases
such as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> can be
looked up using flat files, NIS, or Hesiod. If <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> does not exist,
it will be automatically generated from an existing <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts.conf</tt> at system startup
time. The <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts.conf</tt> file
may be used by old executables; it will be automatically
generated from an existing <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> during system
startup if it exists.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports the <tt class="OPTION">-A</tt> option to specify
the input address base, the <tt class="OPTION">-N</tt>
option to specify the number of bytes to dump, the <tt
class="OPTION">-j</tt> option to specify the number of
bytes to skip, the <tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> option to
output signed decimal shorts, and the <tt
class="OPTION">-t</tt> option to specify output type.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> support has been added
for account management and sessions.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> configuration is now
specified by files in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/</tt>, rather than a single
<tt class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.conf</tt> file. <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/pam.d/README</tt> has more
details.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_echo&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_echo</span>(8)</span></a> echo
service module has been added.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_exec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_exec</span>(8)</span></a>
program execution service module has been added.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ftp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ftp</span>(8)</span></a> module
has been added to allow authentication of anonymous FTP
users.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ftpusers&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ftpusers</span>(8)</span></a>
module has been added to perform checks against the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpusers&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpusers</span>(5)</span></a>
file.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_ksu&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_ksu</span>(8)</span></a> module
has been added to do Kerberos 5 authentication and <tt
class="FILENAME">$HOME/.k5login</tt> authorization for <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_lastlog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_lastlog</span>(8)</span></a>
module has been added to record sessions in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=utmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">utmp</span>(5)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wtmp&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">wtmp</span>(5)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lastlog&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">lastlog</span>(5)</span></a>
databases.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_login_access&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_login_access</span>(8)</span></a>
module has been added, to allow checking against <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/login.access</tt>.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
module, which can disallow logins using <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(5)</span></a>, has
been added.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_opie&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_opie</span>(8)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_opieaccess&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_opieaccess</span>(8)</span></a>
modules have been added to control authentication via <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opie&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">opie</span>(4)</span></a>.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_passwdqc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_passwdqc</span>(8)</span></a>
module has been added, to check the quality of passwords
submitted during password changes.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_rhosts&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_rhosts</span>(8)</span></a>
module has been added to support <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rhosts&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rhosts</span>(5)</span></a>
authentication.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_rootok&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_rootok</span>(8)</span></a>
module, which can be used to authenticate only the
superuser, has been added.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_securetty&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_securetty</span>(8)</span></a>
module has been added to check the ``security'' of a TTY,
as listed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ttys&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ttys</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_self&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_self</span>(8)</span></a>
module, which allows self-authentication of a user, has
been added.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pam_wheel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pam_wheel</span>(8)</span></a>
module has been added to permit authentication to members
of a group, which defaults to <tt
class="GROUPNAME">wheel</tt>.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pathchk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pathchk</span>(1)</span></a>
utility, which checks pathnames for validity or
portability between POSIX systems, has been added.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-o</tt> flag to exit after
receiving a reply.</p>
<p>prefix(8) is obsolete and has been removed. Its
functionality is provided by the <tt
class="OPTION">eui64</tt> command to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pselect&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pselect</span>(3)</span></a>
library function (introduced by POSIX.1 as a slightly
stronger version of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">select</span>(2)</span></a>) has
been added.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pwd</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports the <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> flag to print the
logical current working directory. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=quota&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">quota</span>(1)</span></a> now
takes a <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> flag to suppress quote
checks on NFS filesystems.</p>
<p>The pseudo-random number generator implemented by <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rand&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rand</span>(3)</span></a> has been
improved to provide less biased results.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rcmd&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rcmd</span>(3)</span></a> now
supports the use of the <tt class="ENVAR">RSH</tt>
environment variable to specify a program to use other
than <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rsh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote
execution. As a result, programs such as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> can use
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh</span>(1)</span></a> for remote
transport.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rdist&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rdist</span>(1)</span></a> has been
retired from the base system, but is still available from
FreeBSD Ports Collection as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/44bsd-rdist/pkg-descr">
<tt class="FILENAME">net/44bsd-rdist</tt></a>.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=renice&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">renice</span>(8)</span></a> command
implements a <tt class="OPTION">-n</tt> option, which
specifies an increment to be applied to the priority of a
process. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcbind&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpcbind</span>(8)</span></a> has
replaced <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portmap&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">portmap</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpcgen</span>(1)</span></a> now
uses <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/cpp</tt> (as on
NetBSD), not <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/libexec/cpp</tt>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.lockd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rpc.lockd</span>(8)</span></a> has
been imported from NetBSD. This daemon provides support
for servicing client NFS locks.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> will now
print the names of all objects that cause each object to
be loaded, if the <tt
class="VARNAME">LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_ALL</tt>
environment variable is defined.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now takes
a <tt class="OPTION">-i</tt> option to enable in-place
editing of files. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">setfacl</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getfacl&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getfacl</span>(1)</span></a>
commands have been added to manage filesystem Access
Control Lists.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer
implements <tt class="COMMAND">printf</tt> as a built-in
command because it was considered less valuable compared
to the other built-in commands (this functionality is, of
course, still available through the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(1)</span></a>
executable).</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> option to prevent
existing regular files from being overwritten by output
redirection, and a <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt> to give an
error if an unset variable is expanded. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in
<tt class="COMMAND">cd</tt> command now supports <tt
class="OPTION">-L</tt> and <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt>
flags to invoke logical or physical modes of operation,
respectively. Logical mode is the default, but the
default can be changed with the <tt
class="VARNAME">physical</tt> <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> option.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in
<tt class="COMMAND">jobs</tt> command now supports a <tt
class="OPTION">-s</tt> flag to output PIDs only and a <tt
class="OPTION">-l</tt> flag to add PIDs to the output.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="COMMAND">bind</tt> built-in
command, which allows the key bindings for the shell's
line editor to be changed.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> built-in
<tt class="COMMAND">export</tt> and <tt
class="COMMAND">readonly</tt> commands now support a <tt
class="OPTION">-p</tt> flag to print their output in
``portable'' format. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> no longer
accepts invalid constructs as <tt class="COMMAND"><tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt> & &&
<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>, <tt
class="COMMAND">&& <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>, or <tt
class="COMMAND">|| <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>command</i></tt></tt>.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=spkrtest&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">spkrtest</span>(8)</span></a> is
now a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> script,
rather than a Perl script.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">split</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> option to specify
the number of letters to use for the suffix of split
files. [MERGED]</p>
<p>In preparation for meeting SUSv2/POSIX <tt
class="FILENAME"><sys/select.h></tt> requirements,
<tt class="LITERAL">struct selinfo</tt> and related
functions have been moved to <tt
class="FILENAME"><sys/selinfo.h></tt>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> now uses <b
class="APPLICATION">PAM</b> for authentication.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> now
accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to print the
descriptions of variables.</p>
<p>The default root partition in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is
now 100MB on the i386 and pc98, 120MB on the Alpha.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now
lives in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>, which
simplifies the installation process. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
manpage is also installed in a more consistent fashion
now.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> no
longer mounts the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a>
filesystem by default on new installs. This change was
made to improve security, but <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> can
still be mounted manually or via an appropriate line in
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
file.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tabs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tabs</span>(1)</span></a>, a
utility to set terminal tab stops, has been added.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=termcap&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">termcap</span>(5)</span></a>
database now uses the <tt class="LITERAL">xterm</tt>
terminal type from <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>. As
a result, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xterm&sektion=1&manpath=XFree86+4.2.0">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">xterm</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports color by default and the common workaround of
setting <tt class="VARNAME">TERM</tt> to <tt
class="LITERAL">xterm-color</tt> is no longer necessary.
Use of the <tt class="LITERAL">xterm-color</tt> terminal
type may result in (benign) warnings from
applications.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports RFC 2349 (TFTP Timeout Interval and Transfer
Size Options); this feature is required by some firmware
like EFI boot managers (at least on HP i2000 Itanium
servers) in order to boot an image using <b
class="APPLICATION">TFTP</b>.</p>
<p>A version of Transport Independent RPC (<b
class="APPLICATION">TI-RPC</b>) has been imported.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> has been
updated from <b class="APPLICATION">OpenBSD</b>, and has
the ability to act as a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a>
substitute.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> will now
use the full width of its tty.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=touch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">touch</span>(1)</span></a> now
takes a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to operate on a
symbolic link, rather than what the link points to.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a> now has
basic support for equivalence classes for locales that
support them. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> flag to complement
the set of characters specified by the first string
argument.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports the <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> and <tt
class="OPTION">-l</tt> flags to enable and disable the
<tt class="LITERAL">FS_ACLS</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">FS_MULTILABEL</tt> administrative flags
on UFS file system.</p>
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ugidfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ugidfw</span>(8)</span></a> utility
has been added to manage the rulesets provided by the <tt
class="LITERAL">mac_bsdextended</tt> Mandatory Access
Control policy, similar to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> has been removed from
the base system. It can be found in the Ports Collection,
in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr">
<tt class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unexpand&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">unexpand</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> to specify tabstops
analogous to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expand&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">expand</span>(1)</span></a>.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbdevs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">usbdevs</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-d</tt> flag to show the
device driver associated with each device.</p>
<p>The base64 capabilities of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuencode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuencode</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> can
now be automatically enabled by invoking these utilities
as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64encode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64encode</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64decode</span>(1)</span></a>
respectively. [MERGED]</p>
<p>Functions to implement and manipulate OSF/DCE
1.1-compliant UUIDs have been added to <tt
class="FILENAME">libc</tt>. More information can be found
in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuid&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuid</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuidgen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuidgen</span>(1)</span></a>
utility has been added. It uses the new <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuidgen&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuidgen</span>(2)</span></a> system
call to generate one or more Universally Unique
Identifiers compatible with OSF/DCE 1.1 version 1
UUIDs.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">vidcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now
accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-S</tt> to allow the user to
disable VTY switching. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The default stripe size in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(8)</span></a> has been
changed from 256KB to 279KB, to spread out superblocks
more evenly between stripes.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">wc</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> flag to count
characters, rather than bytes.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">whereis</span>(1)</span></a>,
formerly a Perl script, has been rewritten in C. It now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-x</tt> flag to suppress
the run of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=locate&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">locate</span>(1)</span></a>, and a
<tt class="OPTION">-q</tt> flag suppresses the leading
name of the query.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">whereis</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-a</tt> flag to report all
matches instead of only the first of each requested
type.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=which&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">which</span>(1)</span></a> is now a
C program, rather than a Perl script.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=who&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">who</span>(1)</span></a> now has a
number of new options: <tt class="OPTION">-H</tt> shows
column headings; <tt class="OPTION">-T</tt> shows <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mesg&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mesg</span>(1)</span></a> state;
<tt class="OPTION">-m</tt> is an equivalent to <tt
class="OPTION">am i</tt>; <tt class="OPTION">-u</tt>
shows idle time; <tt class="OPTION">-q</tt> to list names
in columns. [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wicontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">wicontrol</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-l</tt> to list the
stations associated in <tt class="LITERAL">hostap</tt>
mode and a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> to list available
access points.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-I</tt> <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>replstr</i></tt> option that
allows the user to tell <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> to
insert the data read from standard input at specific
points in the command line arguments rather than at the
end. (A FreeBSD-specific <tt class="OPTION">-J</tt>
option is similar.) [MERGED]</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">xargs</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-L</tt> option to force its
utility argument to be called after some number of lines.
[MERGED]</p>
<p>Various routines in the C library now have support for
``wide'' characters. Among these are character class
functions such as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">wctype</span>(3)</span></a>, wide
character I/O functions such as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getwc&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getwc</span>(3)</span></a>,
formatted I/O functions such as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wprintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">wprintf</span>(3)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wscanf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">wscanf</span>(3)</span></a>.
Conversion functions to <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=multibyte&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">multibyte</span>(3)</span></a>
characters are also supported.</p>
<p>A number of utilities and libraries were enhanced to
improve their conformance with the Single UNIX
Specification (SUSv3) and IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
(``POSIX.1''). Specific features added have been listed
in the release notes for each utility. The standards
conformance of each utility or library function is
generally listed in its manual page.</p>
<p>A number of traditional BSD games have been removed
from the base system; they are now available in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/games/freebsd-games/pkg-descr">
<tt class="FILENAME">games/freebsd-games</tt></a> port.
These include: adventure(6), arithmetic(6), atc(6),
backgammon(6), battlestar(6), bs(6), canfield(6),
cribbage(6), fish(6), hack(6), hangman(6), larn(6),
mille(6), phantasia(6), piano(6), pig(6), quiz(6),
rain(6), robots(6), rogue(6), sail(6), snake(6), trek(6),
wargames(6), worm(6), worms(6), and wump(6). dm(8), which
was used to control access to games, is no longer
necessary, and has also been removed. The
``utility-like'' games, as well as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fortune&sektion=6&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fortune</span>(6)</span></a>,
remain.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN3866" name="AEN3866">2.3.1
Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">am-utils</b> has been updated
to 6.0.7.</p>
<p>A 29 November 2002 snapshot of <b
class="APPLICATION">awk</b> from Bell Labs (variously
known as ``BWK awk'' or ``The One True AWK'') has been
imported. It is available as <tt
class="COMMAND">awk</tt> or <tt
class="COMMAND">nawk</tt>.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to
8.3.3. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> has been updated
to a pre-release snapshot of 2.13.2 from 27 October
2002.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">file</b> has been updated to
3.39.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> has been updated to
<b class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> 3.2.1 (released
version).</p>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>Warning:</b> The C++ ABI from <b
class="APPLICATION">gcc</b> 3.2.1 is not compatible
with previous versions.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdb</b> has been updated to
version 5.2.1.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">gperf</b> has been updated to
2.7.2.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> and its related
utilities have been updated to FSF version 1.18.1.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> has been
updated to 0.5.1. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has
been updated to 3.0.1RC9.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=more&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">more</span>(1)</span></a> command
has been replaced by <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=less&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">less</span>(1)</span></a>,
although it can still be run as <tt
class="COMMAND">more</tt>. [MERGED] Version 371 of <b
class="APPLICATION">less</b> has been imported.</p>
<p>An XML processing library, named <tt
class="FILENAME">libbsdxml</tt>, has been added for the
benefit of XML-using utilities in the base system. It
is based almost entirely on an import of <b
class="APPLICATION">expat</b> 1.95.5, but is installed
under a different name to avoid conflicts with any
versions of <b class="APPLICATION">expat</b> installed
from the Ports Collection.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> has been updated
to 0.7.1. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">libreadline</b> has been
updated to 4.2.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">libz</b> has been updated to
1.1.4.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">lint</b> has been updated to
snapshot of NetBSD <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lint&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">lint</span>(1)</span></a> as of
19 July 2002.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftp</b> 1.6 beta 2 (the
FTP client from NetBSD) has replaced the FreeBSD <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp</span>(1)</span></a> program.
Among its new features are more automation methods,
better standards compliance, transfer rate throttling,
and a customizable command-line prompt. Some
environment variables and command-line arguments have
changed.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=m4&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">m4</span>(1)</span></a> has been
imported from OpenBSD, as of 26 April 2002.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">ncurses</b> has been updated
to 5.2-20020615.</p>
<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> suite of programs
has been updated to 4.1.1b.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> (``Citronella''
release) has been imported, replacing <b
class="APPLICATION">Linux-PAM</b>.</p>
<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">OPIE</b>
one-time-password suite has been updated to 2.4. It has
completely replaced the functionality of <b
class="APPLICATION">S/Key</b>. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> has been removed
from the FreeBSD base system. It can be installed from
the FreeBSD Ports Collection, as a binary package, or
via the <span class="GUIMENUITEM">Perl
distribution</span> item in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>'s
distribution menu. Moving Perl out of the base system
will make future upgrades and maintenence easier. To
reduce the dependence of the base system on Perl, many
utilities have been rewritten as shell scripts or C
programs (specific notes are made for each affected
utility).</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The Perl script removal work is
ongoing.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Most of the distribution sets in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
include the new Perl distribution. This change will
therefore be transparent to most users, with the
exception that updating Perl will be done
separately from the base system.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU ptx</b> has been removed
from the base system. It is not used anywhere in the
base system, and has not been recently updated or
maintained. Users requiring its functionality can
install this utility as a part of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/textproc/textutils/pkg-descr">
<tt class="FILENAME">textproc/textutils</tt></a>
port.</p>
<p>The <tt class="LITERAL">rc.d</tt> framework from
NetBSD has been imported. It breaks down the system
startup functionality into a number of small,
``task-oriented'' scripts in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt>, with
dynamic-determined ordering of startup scripts
performed at boot-time.</p>
<p>Version 1.4.5 of the <b
class="APPLICATION">smbfs</b> userland utilities has
been imported. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> has been updated
to the version from <b class="APPLICATION">GNU
textutils 2.0.21</b>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">stat</span>(1)</span></a> from <b
class="APPLICATION">NetBSD</b>, as of 5 June 2002 has,
been imported.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> has been updated
to 1.13.25. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> has been updated
to 3.7.1. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">csh</span>(1)</span></a> shell
has been replaced by <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcsh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcsh</span>(1)</span></a>,
although it can still be run as <tt
class="COMMAND">csh</tt>. <b
class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> has been updated to
version 6.12. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The contributed version of <b
class="APPLICATION">tcp_wrappers</b> now includes the
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpd</span>(8)</span></a> helper
daemon. While not strictly necessary in a standard
FreeBSD installation (because <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a>
already incorporates this functionality), this may be
useful for <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inetd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">inetd</span>(8)</span></a>
replacements such as <b class="APPLICATION">xinetd</b>.
[MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">texinfo</b> has been updated
to 4.2. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">top</b> has been updated to
version 3.5b12. [MERGED]</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">traceroute</b> has been
updated to LBL version 1.4a12.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated to the <tt
class="FILENAME">tzdata2002d</tt> release. [MERGED]</p>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4060"
name="AEN4060">2.3.1.1 CVS</a></h4>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">cvs</b> has been updated to
a snapshot of 1.11.2.1, as of 1 December 2002.
[MERGED]</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4083"
name="AEN4083">2.3.1.2 CVSup</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT4"><a id="KAME-USERLAND"
name="KAME-USERLAND">2.3.1.3 KAME</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4126"
name="AEN4126">2.3.1.4 OpenSSH</a></h4>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been
updated to version 3.4p1. [MERGED] Among the
changes:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*2</tt> files are
obsolete (for example, <tt
class="FILENAME">~/.ssh/known_hosts</tt> can hold
the contents of <tt
class="FILENAME">~/.ssh/known_hosts2</tt>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-keygen</span>(1)</span></a>
can import and export keys using the SECSH Public
Key File Format, for key exchange with several
commercial SSH implementations.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-add</span>(1)</span></a>
now adds all three default keys.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ssh-keygen</span>(1)</span></a>
no longer defaults to a specific key type; one
must be specified with the <tt
class="OPTION">-t</tt> option.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A ``privilege separation'' feature, which uses
unprivileged processes to contain and restrict
the effects of future compromises or programming
errors.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Several bugfixes, including closure of a
security hole that could lead to an integer
overflow and undesired privilege escalation.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4213"
name="AEN4213">2.3.1.5 OpenSSL</a></h4>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been
updated to 0.9.6g. [MERGED]</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN4222"
name="AEN4222">2.3.1.6 sendmail</a></h4>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been
updated from version 8.9.3 to version 8.12.6.
Important changes include: <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a>
is no longer installed as a set-user-ID <tt
class="USERNAME">root</tt> binary (now set-group-ID
<tt class="GROUPNAME">smmsp</tt>); new default file
locations (see <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</tt>);
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newaliases&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newaliases</span>(1)</span></a>
is limited to <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> and
trusted users; STARTTLS encryption; and the MSA port
(587) is turned on by default. See <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES</tt>
for more information. [MERGED]</p>
<p>By default, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a> no
longer enables <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>
for inbound SMTP connections. Note that <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
may override this default for a binary installation,
based on what security profile is selected. This
functionality can also be manually enabled by adding
the following line to <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
sendmail_enable="YES"
</pre>
<p>The permissions for <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> alias and map
databases built via <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/mail/Makefile</tt> now default
to mode 0640 to protect against a file locking local
denial of service. It can be changed by setting the
new <tt class="VARNAME">SENDMAIL_MAP_PERMS</tt> <tt
class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt> option. [MERGED]</p>
<p>The permissions for the <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> statistics file, <tt
class="FILENAME">/var/log/sendmail.st</tt>, have been
changed from mode 0644 to mode 0640 to protect
against a file locking local denial of service.
[MERGED]</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN4323" name="AEN4323">2.3.2
Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BSDPAN</b>, a collection of
modules that provides tighter integration of <b
class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> into the FreeBSD Ports
Collection, has been added.</p>
<p>For some time, FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT (as well as some
4.X releases) included a pkg_update(1) utility to
update installed packages, as well as their
dependencies. This utility has been removed; a superset
of its functionality can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr">
<tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>
port.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>,
formerly a Perl script, has been rewritten in C. The
<tt class="OPTION">-c</tt>, frequently misused, has
been removed. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr">
<tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> port
provides a supported and safer alternative.</p>
<p>The Ports Collection infrastructure now uses <b
class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> 4.2.1 as the default
version of the X Window System for the purposes of
satisfying dependencies. To return to using <b
class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> 3.3.6, add the
following line to <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>: [MERGED]</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
XFREE86_VERSION=3
</pre>
<p>The libraries installed by the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base/pkg-descr">
<tt class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base</tt></a> port
(required for Linux emulation) have been updated; they
now correspond to those included with <b
class="APPLICATION">Red Hat Linux</b> 7.1. [MERGED]</p>
<p>By default, packages generated by the Ports
Collection (as well as the packages on the FTP sites)
are now compressed using <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>,
rather than <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a>. (Thus,
they now have a <tt class="FILENAME">.tbz</tt>
extension, rather than a <tt class="FILENAME">.tgz</tt>
extension.) The package tools have been updated to
handle the new format.</p>
<p>The Ports Collection now maintains a separate index
file (<tt class="FILENAME">/usr/ports/INDEX-5</tt>) for
use with FreeBSD 5-CURRENT. A major motivation for a
separate index file is to cope with dependencies (such
as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5/pkg-descr">
<tt class="FILENAME">lang/perl5</tt></a>) that exist in
FreeBSD 5-CURRENT but not FreeBSD 4-STABLE. The index
file for each package set is still called <tt
class="FILENAME">INDEX</tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN4441" name="AEN4441">2.4
Release Engineering and Integration</a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> distribution has
been renamed <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, in order to
make creation of combined install/recovery disks
easier.</p>
<p>It is now possible to make releases of FreeBSD
5-CURRENT on a FreeBSD 4-STABLE host and vice versa.
Cross-architecture (building a release for a target
architecture on a host of a different architecture)
releases are also possible. See <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=release&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">release</span>(7)</span></a> for
details. [MERGED]</p>
<p>A third <tt class="FILENAME">drivers.flp</tt> floppy
has been added to floppy releases. It holds loadable
modules containing drivers that do not fit in the kernel
on the <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt> disk or in the
<tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot.flp</tt> image.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN4466" name="AEN4466">2.5
Documentation</a></h2>
<p>A number of formerly-encumbered documents from the 4.4
BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents have been
restored to <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/psd</tt>.
These include:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The
UNIX Time-Sharing System</i></span> (<tt
class="FILENAME">01.cacm</tt>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">UNIX
Implementation</i></span> (<tt
class="FILENAME">02.implement</tt>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The
UNIX I/O System</i></span> (<tt
class="FILENAME">03.iosys</tt>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">UNIX
Programming -- Second Edition</i></span> (<tt
class="FILENAME">04.uprog</tt>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The C
Programming Language -- Reference Manual</i></span>
(<tt class="FILENAME">06.Clang</tt>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Yacc:
Yet Another Compiler-Compiler</i></span> (<tt
class="FILENAME">15.yacc</tt>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Lex --
A Lexical Analyzer Generator</i></span> (<tt
class="FILENAME">16.lex</tt>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">The M4
Macro Processor</i></span> (<tt
class="FILENAME">17.m4</tt>)</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Several formerly-encumbered documents from the 4.4 BSD
User's Supplementary Documents have been restored to <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/usd</tt>. They
include:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">NROFF/TROFF User's Manual</i></span>
(<tt class="FILENAME">21.troff</tt>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">A TROFF
Tutorial</i></span> (<tt
class="FILENAME">22.trofftut</tt>)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3
Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1>
<p>Users with existing FreeBSD systems are <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">highly</i></span>
encouraged to read the ``Early Adopter's Guide to FreeBSD
5.0''. This document generally has the filename <tt
class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt> on the distribution media,
or any other place that the release notes can be found. It
offers some notes on upgrading, but more importantly, also
discusses some of the relative merits of upgrading to
FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> versus
running FreeBSD 4.<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of
course, only be attempted after backing up <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span>
data and configuration files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related
documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a>
before contacting <<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this
documentation, e-mail <<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
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