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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?>
<!--
     The FreeBSD Documentation Project

     $FreeBSD$
     Original revision: 1.125
-->

<chapter id="introduction">
  <chapterinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Jim</firstname>
	<surname>Mock</surname>
	<contrib>Restructured, reorganized, and parts
	  rewritten by </contrib>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </chapterinfo>

  <title>²¤¶</title>

  <sect1 id="introduction-synopsis">
    <title>·§­z</title>

    <para>«D±`·PÁ±z¹ï &os; ·P¿³½ì¡I¥H¤U³¹¸`²[»\ &os;
      ­p¹ºªº¦U¤è­±¡G¤ñ¦p¥¦ªº¾ú¥v¡B¥Ø¼Ð¡B¶}µo¼Ò¦¡µ¥µ¥¡C</para>

    <para>Ū§¹³o³¹¡A±z±N¤F¸Ñ¡J</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>&os; »P¨ä¥L OS ¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡F</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>&os; ­p¹ºªº¾ú¥v·½¬y¡F</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>&os; ­p¹ºªº¥Ø¼Ð¡F</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>&os; open-source ¶}µo¼Ò¦¡ªº°ò¦·§©À¡F</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>·íµMÅo¡AÁÙ¦³ <quote>&os;</quote> ³o¦W¦rªº¥Ñ¨Ó¡C</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="nutshell">
    <title>Welcome to &os;!</title>
    <indexterm><primary>4.4BSD-Lite</primary></indexterm>

    <para>&os; ¬O¤@­Ó±q 4.4BSD-Lite ­l¥Í¥X¦Ó¯à¦b¥H Intel (x86 and &itanium;),
      AMD64, <trademark>Alpha</trademark>, Sun &ultrasparc;
      ¬°°ò¦ªº¹q¸£¤W°õ¦æªº§@·~¨t²Î¡C¦P®É¡A²¾´Ó¨ì¨ä¥L¥­¥xªº¤u§@¤]¦b¶i¦æ¤¤¡C
      ¹ï©ó¥»­p¹º¾ú¥vªº¤¶²Ð¡A½Ð¬Ý <link linkend="history">&os; ¾ú¥v·½¬y</link>¡A
      ¹ï©ó &os; ªº³Ì·sª©¥»¤¶²Ð¡A½Ð¬Ý <link linkend="relnotes">current release
      </link>¡C­Y¥´ºâ¹ï©ó &os; ­p¹º¦³©Ò°^Ämªº¸Ü(¹³¬Oµ{¦¡½XµwÅé³]³Æ¡B°òª÷)¡A
      ½Ð¬Ý <ulink url="&url.articles.contributing;/index.html">¦p¦ó¹ï &os;
      ¦³°^Äm</ulink>¡C</para>

    <sect2 id="os-overview">
      <title>&os; ¯à°µ¤°»ò¡H</title>

      <para>&os; ´£¨Ñµ¹§A³\¦h¥ý¶i¥\¯à¡C³o¨Ç¥\¯à¥]¬A¡G</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>¥ý¦û¦¡¦h¤u(preemptive multitasking)</primary></indexterm>

	  <para>°ÊºAÀu¥ýÅv½Õ¾ãªº¡y¥ý¦û¦¡¦h¤u¡z¯à°÷½T«O¡A§Y¨Ï¦b¨t²Î­t¾á«Ü­«ªº±¡ªp¤U¡A
	    µ{¦¡°õ¦æ¥­¶¶¨Ã¥BÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡»P¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤½¥­¦a¦@¨É¸ê·½¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>¤ä´©¦h¤H¦@¥Î</primary></indexterm>

	  <para>¡y¦h¤H¦@¥Î(multi-user)¡z¥NªíµÛ³\¦h¤H¥i¥H¦P®É¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó &os; ¨t²Î¨Ó³B²z¦U¦Ûªº¨Æ°È¡C
	    ¨t²ÎªºµwÅé©PÃä(¦p¦Lªí¾÷¤ÎºÏ±a¾÷)¤]¥i¥HÅý©Ò¦³ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¾A·í¦a¤À¨É¡C
	    ¤]¥i¥H°w¹ï¦U§O¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Î¤@¸s¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¨t²Î¸ê·½¡A¤©¥H³]­­¡A
	    ¥H«OÅ@¨t²Î¤£­P³Q¹L«×¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>TCP/IP ºô¸ô¥\¯à</primary></indexterm>

	  <para>¦n¥Îªº¡yTCP/IP ºô¸ô¥\¯à¡z¥i¤ä´©³\¦h·~¬É¼Ð·Ç¡A¤ñ¦p¡G
	    SCTP¡BDHCP¡BNFS¡BNIS¡BPPP¡BSLIP¡BIPSec¡BIPv6 ªº¤ä´©¡A¤]´N¬O»¡ &os;
	    ¥i¥H®e©ö¦a¸ò¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î³z¹Lºô¸ô¦@¦P¹B§@¡A©Î¬O·í§@¥ø·~ªº¦øªA¾¹¥Î³~
	    ¡A¨Ò¦p´£¨Ñ»·ºÝÀɮצ@¨É(NFS)¤Î¹q¤l¶l¥ó(email)µ¥ªA°È¡A
	    ©Î¬OÅý±zªº¥ø·~³s¤Wºô»Úºô¸ô(Internet)¨Ã´£¨Ñ WWW¡BFTP¡B
	    ¸ô¥Ñ(routing)¡B¤Î¨¾¤õÀð(firewall¡Bsecurity) µ¥¥²³ÆªA°È¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>°O¾ÐÅé«OÅ@</primary></indexterm>

	  <para>¡y°O¾ÐÅé«OÅ@(Memory protection)¡z¯à½T«Oµ{¦¡(©Î¬O¨Ï¥ÎªÌ)¤£·|¤¬¬Û¤zÂZ¡A
	    §Y¨Ï¥ô¦óµ{¦¡¦³¤£¥¿±`ªº¹B§@¡A³£¤£·|¼vÅT¨ä¥Lµ{¦¡ªº°õ¦æ¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>&os; ¬O¡y32¦ì¤¸(32-bit)¡zªº§@·~¨t²Î
	    (¦b Alpha¡B&itanium;¡B AMD64 ¤Î &ultrasparc; ¤W«h¬O¡y64¦ì¤¸(64-bit)¡z)
	    ¡X ¥´±q¤@¶}©l«K¬O³o¼Ë³]­pªº¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>X Window System</primary>
	    <seealso>XFree86</seealso>
	  </indexterm>

	  <para>·~¬É¼Ð·Çªº¡yX Window ¨t²Î¡z(X11R7)¥i¥H¦b±`¨£ªº«K©y VGA Åã¥Ü¥d/¿Ã¹õ¡A
	    ´£¨Ñ¤F¹Ï§Î¤Æªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­±(GUI)¡A¨Ã¥B¥]¬A¤F§¹¾ãªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>binary compatibility</primary>
	  <secondary>Linux</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>binary compatibility</primary>
	  <secondary>SCO</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>binary compatibility</primary>
	  <secondary>SVR4</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>binary compatibility</primary>
	  <secondary>BSD/OS</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>binary compatibility</primary>
	  <secondary>NetBSD</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	  <para>¯à¡yª½±µ°õ¦æ¡z³\¦h¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î(¤ñ¦p¡G Linux¡BSCO¡BSVR4¡BBSDI ©M NetBSD)
	    ªº¥i°õ¦æÀÉ¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>¼Æ¥H¸U­pªº¥ß§Y¥i¥H°õ¦æªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A³o¨Ç³£¥i³z¹L &os;
	    ªº¡yports¡z¤Î¡ypackages¡z³nÅéºÞ²z¾÷¨î¨Ó¨ú±o¡C
	    ¤£¦A»Ý­n¶O¤ß¨ìºô¸ô¤W¨ì³B·j´M©Ò»Ý­nªº³nÅé¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>¦¹¥~¡Aºô¸ô¤W©|¦³¥i«D±`®e©ö²¾´Óªº¼Æ¥H¸U­pÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡C
	    &os; ªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X»P³\¦h±`¨£ªº°Ó·~ª© &unix; ¨t²Î³£¬Û®e¡A
	    ©Ò¥H¤j³¡¤Àªºµ{¦¡³£¥u»Ý­n«Ü¤Öªº­×§ï(©Î®Ú¥»¤£¥Î­×§ï)
	    ¡A´N¥i¥H½sĶ°õ¦æ¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>virtual memory</primary></indexterm>

	  <para>»Ý­n®É¤~¸m´«(demand paged) <emphasis>virtual memory</emphasis> ¤Î
	    <quote>merged VM/buffer cache</quote> ªº³]­p¡A
	    ³oÂI¦b¨t²Î¤¤¦³¥Î¥h¤j¶q°O¾ÐÅ骺µ{¦¡°õ¦æ®É¡A¤´µM¦³¤£¿ùªº®Ä²vªí²{¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP)</primary>
	  </indexterm>

	  <para>¤ä´© CPU ªº¹ïºÙ¦h¤u³B²z(SMP)¡G¥i¥H¤ä´©¦h CPU
	    ªº¹q¸£¨t²Î¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>compilers</primary>
	  <secondary>C</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>compilers</primary>
	  <secondary>C++</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>compilers</primary>
	  <secondary>FORTRAN</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	  <para>§¹¥þ¬Û®eªº <emphasis>C</emphasis>¡B<emphasis>C++</emphasis> ¥H¤Î
	    <emphasis>Fortran</emphasis> ªºÀô¹Ò©M¨ä¥L¶}µo¤u¨ã¡C
	    ¥H¤Î¨ä¥L³\¦h¥i¨Ñ¶i¶¥¬ãµoªºµ{¦¡»y¨¥¤]¦¬¶°¦b ports ©M packages¡C
	    </para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>source code</primary></indexterm>

	  <para>¾ã­Ó¨t²Î³£¦³¡y­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¡z¡A
	    ³oÅý§A¹ï§@·~Àô¹Ò¾Ö¦³³Ì§¹¥þªº´x´¤«×¡C
	    ¬JµM¯à¾Ö¦³§¹¥þ¶}©ñªº¨t²Î¡A¦ó­W³Q¯S©w«Ê³¬³nÅé©Ò¬ù§ô¡A¥ô¼t°ÓÂ\§G©O¡H
	    </para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>¼sªx¥BÂ×´Iªº¡y½u¤W¤å¥ó¡z¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><emphasis>·íµMÅo¡AÁÙ¤£¤î¦p¦¹¡I</emphasis></para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <indexterm><primary>4.4BSD-Lite</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm>
        <primary>Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG)</primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>U.C. Berkeley</primary></indexterm>
      <para>&os; ¨t²Î¤D¬O°ò©ó¬ü°ê¥[¦{¤j¾Ç¬f§JµÜ¤À®Õªº¹q¸£¨t²Î¬ã¨s¸s
        (Computer Systems Research Group ¤]´N¬O CSRG) ©Òµo¦æªº
        4.4BSD-Lite¡A¥H¤Î°ò©ó BSD ¨t²Î¶}µoªºÀu¨}¶Ç²Î¡C
        °£¤F¥Ñ CSRG ©Ò´£¨Ñªº°ª«~½èªº¦¨ªG¡A
        ¬°¤F´£¨Ñ¥i³B²z¯u¥¿¨ã­t²üªº¤u§@¡A
        &os; ­p¹º¤]§ë¤J¤F¼Æ¤d¤p®É¥H¤Wªº²Ó³¡½Õ¾ã¡A
        ¥H¯àÀò±o³Ì¦nªº°õ¦æ®Ä²v¥H¤Î¨t²ÎªºÃ­©w«×¡C
        ¥¿·í³\¦h°Ó·~¤Wªº¥¨¤H¥¿§V¤O¦a§Æ±æ¯à´£¨Ñ®Ä¯à¤Îí©w®É¡A
        &os; ¤w¸g¨ã³Æ³o¼Ëªº¯S½è -- <emphasis>´N¬O²{¦b</emphasis>¡I
	</para>

      <para>&os; ªº¹B¥Î½d³òµL­­¡A¨ä¹ê§¹¥þ­­¨î¦b§Aªº·Q¹³¤O¤W¡C
        ±q³nÅ骺¶}µo¨ì¤u¼t¦Û°Ê¤Æ¡A©Î¬O¤H³y½Ã¬P¤W­±ªº¤Ñ½uªº¤è¦ì¨¤«×ªº»·ºÝ±±¨î¡F
        ³o¨Ç¥\¯à­Y¥i¥H¥Î°Ó¥Îªº Unix ²£«~¨Ó¹F¦¨¡A
        ¨º»ò·¥¦³¥i¯à¨Ï¥Î &os; ¤]¯à¿ì¨ì¡I
        &os; ¤]¨ü¯q©ó¨Ó¦Û©ó¥þ²y¦U¬ã¨s¤¤¤ß¤Î¤j¾Ç©Ò¶}µoªº¼Æ¤d­Ó°ª«~½èªº³nÅé
        ¡A³o¨Ç³q±`¥u»Ý­nªá¶O«Ü¤Öªº¶O¥Î©Î®Ú¥»´N¬O§K¶Oªº¡C
        ·íµM¤]¦³°Ó·~³nÅé¡A¦Ó¥B¥X²{ªº¼Æ¥Ø¬O»P¤é­Ñ¼W¡C</para>

      <para>¥Ñ©ó¨C­Ó¤H³£¥i¥H¨ú±o &os; ªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¡A
        ³o­Ó¨t²Î¥i¥H³Q½Õ¾ã¦Ó¯à°õ¦æ¥ô¦ó­ì¥»§¹¥þµLªk·Q¹³ªº¥\¯à©Î­p¹º¡A
        ¦Ó¹ï©ó±q¦U¼t°Ó¨ú±oªº§@·~¨t²Î³q±`¨S¦³¿ìªk³o¼Ë¦a³Q­×§ï¡C
        ¥H¤U´£¨Ñ¤@¨Ç¤H­Ì¨Ï¥Î &os; ªº¨Ò¤l¡G</para>

      <itemizedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para><emphasis>ºô¸ôªA°È¡G</emphasis> &os;
            ¤º«Ø±j«lªººô¸ô¥\¯à¨Ï¥¦¦¨¬°ºô¸ôªA°È(¦p¤U¨Ò)ªº²z·Q¥­¥x¡G</para>

	  <itemizedlist>
	    <listitem>
	      <indexterm><primary>FTP servers</primary></indexterm>

	      <para>ÀɮצøªA¾¹(FTP servers)</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <indexterm><primary>web servers</primary></indexterm>

	      <para>¥þ²y¸ê°Tºô¦øªA¾¹(WWW servers)
	        (¼Ð·Çªº©Î§ó¦w¥þªº [SSL] ³s½u)</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>IPv4 ¤Î IPv6 routing</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <indexterm><primary>firewall</primary></indexterm>

	      <indexterm><primary>IP masquerading</primary></indexterm>

	      <para>¨¾¤õÀð¥H¤Î NAT (<quote>IP masquerading</quote>)
		gateways¡C</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <indexterm><primary>electronic mail</primary></indexterm>

	      <para>¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹(Electronic Mail servers)</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <indexterm><primary>USENET</primary></indexterm>

	      <para>ºô¸ô·s»D¦øªA¾¹(USENET News)
		©Î¬O¹q¤l§G§iÄæ¨t²Î(BBS)</para>
	    </listitem>

	    <listitem>
	      <para>ÁÙ¦³§ó¦h...</para>
	    </listitem>
	  </itemizedlist>

	  <para>¦³¤F &os;¡A±z¥i¥H®e©ö¦a¥ý¥Î«K©yªº 386 PC¡A
            ¦A³v¨B¤É¯Å±zªº¾÷¾¹¨ì¥|­Ó CPU ªº Xeon
            ¨Ã¨Ï¥ÎºÏºÐ°}¦C(RAID)¨Óº¡¨¬±z¥ø·~¹B¥Î¤Wªº»Ý¨D¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><emphasis>±Ð¨|¡G</emphasis>
            ­Y±z¬O¸ê¤u¬ÛÃö»â°ìªº¾Ç¥Í¡A¦A¤]¨S¦³¤ñ¨Ï¥Î &os;
            ¯à¾Ç¨ì§ó¦h§@·~¨t²Î¡B­pºâ¾÷µ²ºc¡B¤Îºô¸ôªº¤èªk¤F¡C
            ¥t¥~¦pªG§A·Q§Q¥Î¹q¸£¨Ó³B²z¤@¨Ç<emphasis>¨ä¥Lªº</emphasis>
            ¤u§@¡AÁÙ¦³¤@¨Ç¦p CAD¡B
            ¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¥H¤Î¹Ï§Î³B²z³nÅéµ¥¥i¥H§K¶O¦a¨ú±o¨Ï¥Î¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para><emphasis>¬ã¨s¡G</emphasis>¦³¤F§¹¾ãªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¡A&os;
            ¬O¬ã¨s§@·~¨t²Î¤Î¹q¸£¬ì¾Çªº·¥¨ÎÀô¹Ò¡C
            ¨ã¦³§K¶O¥B¦Û¥Ñ¨ú±o¯S©Êªº &os;
            ¤]¨Ï±o¤@­Ó¤À¸m¨â¦aªº¦X§@­p¹º¡A¤£¥²¾á¤ßª©Åv¤Î¨t²Î¶}©ñ©Êªº°ÝÃD¡A
            ¦Ó¯à¦Û¦bªº¥æ¬y¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>router</primary></indexterm>

	  <indexterm><primary>DNS Server</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><emphasis>ºô¸ô¡G</emphasis>
            §A¦pªG»Ý­n router¡BName Server (DNS) ©Î¦w¥þªº¨¾¤õÀð(Firewall)¡A
            &os; ¥i¥H»´©öªº±N§A¨S¦³¥Î¨ìªº 386 ©Î 486 PC
            Åܨ­¦¨¬°µ´¨Îªº¦øªA¾¹¡A¬Æ¦Ü¨ã¦³¹LÂo«Ê¥](packet-filter) ªº¥\¯à¡C
	    </para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>X Window System</primary>
	  <secondary>XFree86</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	<indexterm>
	  <primary>X Window System</primary>
	  <secondary>Accelerated-X</secondary>
	</indexterm>
	  <para><emphasis>X µøµ¡¤u§@¯¸¡G</emphasis> &os; ¬O X
            ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¨}µ¦¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î§K¶Oªº X11 Server¡C
            &os; ¤£¦ý¥i¥H¥R·í»·ºÝ X µ{¦¡²×ºÝ¾÷¡A
            ¤]¥i¥H°õ¦æ¥»¦aªº X µ{¦¡¦Ó´î»´¤j«¬¤u§@¯¸ªº­t²ü¡C
            ¦pªG¦³¤@¥x¤¤¥¡¦øªA¾¹ªº¸Ü¡A&os; ¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H¸g¥Ñºô¸ô¶}¾÷
            (¤£»ÝµwºÐ¡A¤]´N¬O<quote>diskless</quote>)
	    ¡A¦ÓÅܦ¨§ó«K©y¥B©ö©óºÞ²zªº¤u§@¯¸¡C</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>GNU Compiler Collection</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><emphasis>³nÅé¶}µo¡G</emphasis>
            °ò¥»¦w¸Ëªº &os; ´N¥]§t¤F§¹¾ãªºµ{¦¡¶}µo¤u¨ã¡A¦p GNU C/C++
            ½sĶ¾¹¤Î°£¿ù¾¹¡C</para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>§A¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ¿N¿ý CD-ROM¡BDVD ©Î¬O±q FTP ¯¸¤W§ì¦^ &os; --
        ¥]¬A¥ß§Y¥i°õ¦æªº¨t²Î¥H¤Î¨t²Îªº§¹¾ãµ{¦¡½X¡C
        ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ <xref linkend="mirrors"/> ¨ú±o &os;¡C</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>½Ö¦b¥Î &os;¡H</title>

      <indexterm>
	<primary>users</primary>
	<secondary>large sites running &os;</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>³\¦h Internet ¤Wªº¤j«¬ºô¯¸³£¬O¥H &os; §@¬°¥¦ªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¨Ò¦p¡G</para>

      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>Yahoo!</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink url="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo!</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>Apache</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink url="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>Blue Mountain Arts</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink url="http://www.bluemountain.com/">Blue Mountain
	    Arts</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>Pair Networks</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink url="http://www.pair.com/">Pair
	    Networks</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>Sony Japan</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink url="http://www.sony.co.jp/">Sony
	    Japan</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>Netcraft</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink url="http://www.netcraft.com/">Netcraft</ulink>
	    </para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>Weathernews</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink url="http://www.wni.com/">Weathernews</ulink>
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>Supervalu</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink
	    url="http://www.supervalu.com/">Supervalu</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>TELEHOUSE America</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink url="http://www.telehouse.com/">TELEHOUSE
	    America</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>Sophos Anti-Virus</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink url="http://www.sophos.com/">Sophos
	    Anti-Virus</ulink></para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <indexterm><primary>JMA Wired</primary></indexterm>

	  <para><ulink
	    url="http://www.jmawired.com/">JMA Wired</ulink></para>
	</listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>¥H¤Î³\¦h¨ä¥Lªººô¯¸¡C</para>
    </sect2>

  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="history">
    <title>Ãö©ó &os; ­p¹º</title>

    <para>±µ¤U¨ÓÁ¿ªº¬O &os; ­p¹ºªº­I´º¡A¥]§t¾ú¥v·½¬yªºÂ²¤¶¡B­p¹ºªº¥Ø¼Ð¡A¥H¤Î¶}µoªº¼Ò¦¡¡C</para>

    <sect2 id="intro-history">
      <sect2info role="firstperson">
	<authorgroup>
	  <author>
	    <firstname>Jordan</firstname>
	    <surname>Hubbard</surname>
	    <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
	  </author>
	</authorgroup>
      </sect2info>

      <title>&os; ¾ú¥v·½¬yªºÂ²¤¶</title>

      <indexterm><primary>386BSD Patchkit</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Hubbard, Jordan</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Williams, Nate</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Grimes, Rod</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm>
        <primary>&os; Project</primary>
        <secondary>history</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>&os; ­pµeªº·Qªk¬O¦b 1993 ¦~ªì©Ò§Î¦¨ªº¡A
	¨º¬O·½¦Û©óºûÅ@¤@²Õ ¡y«D©x¤è 386BSD ªº patchkit(­×¥¿¤u¨ã)¡z­p¹ºªº¤T­Ó¨ó½ÕºûÅ@¤H
	Nate Williams¡ARod Grimes ©M§Ú(Jordan Hubbard)¡C</para>

      <indexterm><primary>386BSD</primary></indexterm>
      <para>§Ú­Ì³Ìªìªº¥Ø¼Ð¬O°µ¥X¤@¥÷ 386BSD ºî¦X­×¥¿ªº snapshot ª©¡A¥H«K­×¥¿·í®É¤@°ï
	patchkit ³£¤£®e©ö¸Ñ¨Mªº°ÝÃD¡C¦³¨Ç¤H¥i¯àÁÙ°O±o¦­´Áªº­p¹º¦WºÙ¥s°µ
	<quote>386BSD 0.5</quote> ©Î <quote>386BSD Interim</quote> ´N¬O³o­Ó­ì¦]¡C</para>

      <indexterm><primary>Jolitz, Bill</primary></indexterm>
      <para>386BSD ¬O Bill Jolitz ªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¦b·í®É´N¤w¦³¬ù¤@¦~ªº¤Àµõ°Q½×¡C
	·í¸Ó­×¥¿¤u¨ã (patchkit) ¤éº¥ÃeÂø±o¥O¤H¤£µÎªA¡A§Ú­ÌµL²§Ä³¦a¦P·N­n§@¤@¨Ç¨Æ¤F¡A
 	¨Ã¨M©w´£¨Ñ¤@¥÷Á{®É©Êªº <quote>²b¤Æª©(cleanup)</quote> ¨ÓÀ°§U Bill¡C
 	µM¦Ó¡A¥Ñ©ó Bill Jolitz ©¿µM¨M©w¨ú®ø¨ä¹ï¸Ó­p¹ºªº»{¥i¡A¥B¨S¦³©ú½T«ü¥X¥¼¨Óªº¥´ºâ¡A
	©Ò¥H¸Ó­p¹º«K¬ðµM­±Á{Â_ª¤¦M¾÷¡C</para>

      <indexterm><primary>Greenman, David</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Walnut Creek CD-ROM</primary></indexterm>
      <para>¤£¤[§Ú­Ì«K¨M©w¦b§Y¨Ï¨S¦³ Bill ªº¤ä«ù¤U¡AÅý¸Ó­p¹º¤´µMÄ~Äò¤U¥h¡A
	³Ì«á§Ú­Ì±Ä¥Î David Greenman ¥á»ÉªO¨M©wªº¦W¦r¡A¤]´N¬O¡y&os;¡z¡C
	¦b¸ß°Ý¤F·í®Éªº¤@¨Ç¨Ï¥ÎªÌ·N¨£¤§«á¡A´N¶}©l¨M©w¤F³Ìªìªº¥Ø¼Ð¡A
	·í¸Ó­p¹º¶}©l¹ê¬I¤@¤Á´N­n¦¨¯u®É¡A¤@¤Á´NÅܱo§ó²M·¡¤F¡C
	§Ú¸ò Walnut Creek CD-ROM °Q½×µo¦æ CD-ROM
	³o¼Ë¤l¤£«K¤Wºôªº¤H´N¥i¥H¥Î¤ñ¸û²³æªº¤è¦¡¨ú±o &os;¡C
	Walnut Creek CD-ROM ¤£¥uÃÙ¦¨¥H CD-ROM ¨Óµo¦æ &os;
	ªº·Qªk¡A¦P®É´£¨Ñ¤F¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¥H¤Î§Ö³tªººô»Úºô¸ôªºÀW¼e¡C
	¦pªG¤£¬O Walnut Creek CD-ROM ´X¥G¬OªÅ«eªº«H¥ô³o­Ó­è¶}©lÁÙ¬O§¹¥þÀqÀqµL»Dªº­p¹º¡A
	¨º»ò«Ü¥i¯à &os; ¤£·|¦p¦¹§Ö³tªº¦¨ªø¨ì¤µ¤é³o¼Ëªº³W¼Ò¡C</para>

      <indexterm><primary>4.3BSD-Lite</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Net/2</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>U.C. Berkeley</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>386BSD</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Free Software Foundation</primary></indexterm>
      <para>²Ä¤@±i¥H CD-ROM (¤Îºô¸ô)µo¦æªº &os;&nbsp;1.0 ¬O¦b 1993 ¦~¤Q¤G¤ë¡C
        ¸Óª©¥»¬O°ò©ó¥Ñ U.C. Berkeley ¥HºÏ±a¤è¦¡µo¦æªº
        4.3BSD-Lite (<quote>Net/2</quote>)¥H¤Î³\¦h¨Ó¦Û©ó 386BSD
        ©M¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé°òª÷·|ªº³nÅé¡C¹ï©ó²Ä¤@¦¸µo¦æ¦Ó¨¥Áٺ⦨¥\¡A
        §Ú­Ì¤S±µµÛ©ó 1994 ¦~ 5 ¤ëµo¦æ¤F¬Û·í¦¨¥\ªº &os; 1.1¡C</para>

      <indexterm><primary>Novell</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>U.C. Berkeley</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Net/2</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>AT&amp;T</primary></indexterm>
      <para>µM¦Ó¦¹«á¤£¤[¡A¥t¤@­Ó·N¥~ªº­·¼É¦b Novell ©M U.C. Berkeley Ãö©ó
	Berkeley Net/2 ºÏ±a¤§ªk«ß¦a¦ìªº¶D³^½T©w¤§«á§Î¦¨¡C
	U.C. Berkeley ±µ¨ü¤j³¡¥÷ªº Net/2 ªºµ{¦¡½X³£¬O¡y«I¦û¨Óªº¡z¥B¬OÄÝ©ó Novell ªº°]²£
	-- ¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O·í®É¤£¤[«e±q AT&amp;T ¨ú±oªº¡C
	Berkeley ±o¨ìªº¬O Novell ¹ï©ó 4.4BSD-Lite ªº¡y¯¬ºÖ¡z¡A³Ì«á·í 4.4BSD-Lite
	²×©óµo¦æ¤§«á¡A«K¤£¦A¬O«I¦û¦æ¬°¡C
	¦Ó©Ò¦³²{¦³ Net/2 ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£³Q±j¯P«Øij§ó´«·sª©¥»¡A³o¥]¬A¤F &os;¡C
	©ó¬O¡A§Ú­Ì³Q­n¨D©ó 1994 ¦~ 6 ¤ë©³«e°±¤î´²§G°ò©ó Net/2
	ªº²£«~¡C¦b¦¹«e´£¤§¤U¡A¥»­p¹º³Q¤¹³\¦b´Á­­¥H«e§@³Ì«á¤@¦¸µo¦æ¡A¤]´N¬O
	&os;&nbsp;1.1.5.1¡C</para>

      <para>&os; «K¶}©l¤F³o©{¦p¡y­«·sµo©ú½ü¤l¡zªºÁ}¹d¤u§@ -- ±q¥þ·sªº¥B¤£§¹¾ãªº
	4.4BSD-Lite ­«·s¾ã¦X¡C
	³o­Ó <quote>Lite</quote> ª©¥»¬O¤£§¹¾ãªº¡A¦]¬°
	Berkeley ªº CSRG  ¤w¸g§R°£¤F¤j¶q¦b«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¥i¥H¶}¾÷°õ¦æªº¨t²Î©Ò»Ý­nªºµ{¦¡½X
        (°ò©ó­Y¤zªk«ß¤Wªº­n¨D)¡A¥B¸Óª©¥»¦b Intel ¥­¥xªº²¾´Ó¬O«D±`¤£§¹¾ãªº¡C
        ª½¨ì 1994 ¦~ 11 ¤ë¥»­p¹º¤~§¹¦¨¤F³o­ÓÂಾ¡A
        ¦P®É¦b¸Ó¦~ 12 ¤ë©³¥H CD-ROM ¥H¤Îºô¸ôªº§Î¦¡µo¦æ¤F &os;&nbsp;2.0¡C
        ÁöµM¸Ó¥÷ª©¥»¦b·í®É¦³ÂI¥^«P²ÊÁW¡A¦ý¤´¬O´I¦³·N¸qªº¦¨¥\¡C
        ÀH¤§©ó 1995 ¦~ 6 ¤ë¤Sµo¦æ¤F§ó®e©ö¦w¸Ë¡A§ó¦nªº &os;&nbsp;2.0.5¡C</para>

      <para>§Ú­Ì¦b 1996 ¦~ 8 ¤ëµo¦æ¤F &os;&nbsp;2.1.5¡A¦b ISP ©M°Ó·~¹ÎÅ餤«D±`¬y¦æ¡C
	ÀH«á¡A 2.1-STABLE ¤À¤äªº¥t¤@­Óª©¥»À³¹B¦Ó¥Í¡A¥¦´N¬O¦b 1997 ¦~ 2 ¤ëµo¦æ &os; 2.1.7.1
	¡A¦P®É¤]¬O 2.1-STABLE ¤À¤äªº³Ì«áª©¡C¤§«á¦¹¤À¤ä«K¶i¤JºûÅ@ª¬ºA¡A
	¶È¶È´£¨Ñ¦w¥þ©Êªº¥[±j©M¨ä¥LÄY­«¿ù»~­×¸ÉªººûÅ@(RELENG_2_1_0)¡C</para>

      <para>1996 ¦~ 11 ¤ë &os;&nbsp;2.2 ±q¶}µo¥D¶b¤À¤ä (<quote>-CURRENT</quote>)
	¥X¨Ó¦¨¬° RELENG_2_2 ¤À¤ä¡C¥¦ªº²Ä¤@­Ó§¹¾ãª©(2.2.1)©ó 1997 ¦~ 4 ¤ëµo¦æ¡C
	2.2 ¤À¤äªº©µÄòª©¥»¦b 97 ¦~®L¬î¤§¶¡µo¦æªº¡A¨ä³Ì«áª©¬O¦b 1998 ¦~ 11 ¤ëµo¦æªº 2.2.8 ª©¡C
	²Ä¤@­Ó¥¿¦¡ªº 3.0 ª©¥»¦b 1998 ¦~ 10 ¤ëµo¦æ¡A¥ç§Y«Å§i 2.2 ¤À¤äªº¸¨¹õ¡C</para>

      <para>1999/01/20 ¤é¦A«×¤À¤ä¡A³o²£¥Í¤F 4.0-CURRENT ¥H¤Î 3.X-STABLE ¨â­Ó¤À¤ä¡C
	3.X-STABLE ¤è­±¡A3.1 µo¦æ©ó 1999/02/15¡A3.2 µo¦æ©ó1999/05/15¡A3.3 µo¦æ©ó 1999/09/16¡A
	3.4 µo¦æ©ó 1999/12/20¡A3.5 µo¦æ©ó 2000/06/24
	¡A±µ¤U¨Ó´X¤Ñ«áµo§G¤F¤@¨Çªº­×¸ÉÀÉ(¹ï Kerberos ¦w¥þ©Ê¤è­±ªº­×¥¿)¡A´N¤É¯Å¦Ü 3.5.1
	¡A³o¬O 3.X ¤À¤ä³Ì«á¤@­Óµo¦æª©¥»¡C</para>

      <para>¦b 2000/03/13 ¤S¦³¤F¤@­Ó·sªº¤À¤ä¡A ¤]´N¬O 4.X-STABLE
	¡C³o­Ó¤À¤ä¤§«áµo§G¤F³\¦hªºµo¦æª©¥»¡J 4.0-RELEASE ¦b 2000 ¦~ 3 ¤ëµo¦æ¡A
	¦Ó³Ì«áªº 4.11-RELEASE «h¦b 2005 ¦~ 1 ¤ëµo¦æ¡C4-STABLE ¤À¤äªº¤ä´©·|«ùÄò¨ì 2007/01/31
	¡A¦ý¥D­nµJÂI¦b©ó¦w¥þ¤è­±ªºº|¬}¡B¯äÂΤΨä¥LÄY­«°ÝÃDªº­×¸É¡C</para>

      <para>´Á«Ý¤w¤[ªº 5.0-RELEASE ¦b 2003/01/19 ¥¿¦¡µo¦æ¡C³o¬O±Nªñ¶}µo¤T¦~ªºÅq®p¤§§@¡A¦P®É
	¤]¶}©l¥[±j¦hÁûCPU(SMPng)ªº¤ä´©¡Bkernel thread(KSE) ªº¤ä´©¡BÀɮרt²Î±Ä¥Î UFS2 ¥H¤Î¤ä´© snapshot
	µ¥¡A ¨Ã¤ä´© &ultrasparc; ©M
	 <literal>ia64</literal> ¥­¥x¡B¤ä´©ÂŪޡB32 bit ªº PCMCIA µ¥¡C¤§«á©ó 2003 ¦~ 6 ¤ëµo¦æ¤F 5.1¡C
	¦Ó -CURRENT ³o­Óµo®i¥D¶b¤À¤äªº³Ì«á  5.X ª©¥»¬O¦b 2004 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¥¿¦¡µo¦æªº 5.2.1-RELEASE¡A¦b 5.X
	¨t¦C¶i¤J -STABLE (RELENG_5¤À¤ä)¤§«á¡A-CURRENT ´NÂಾ¬° 6.X ¨t¦C¡C</para>

      <para>RELENG_5 ¤À¤ä©ó 2004 ¦~ 8 ¤ë¥¿¦¡¶}¶]¡A¤§«á¬O 5.3-RELEASE
	¡A¥¦¬O 5-STABLE ¤À¤äªº²Ä¤@­Óµo¦æª©¥»¡C  ³Ì«áªº 5.5-RELEASE ¬O¦b
	2006 ¦~ 5 ¤ëµo¦æªº¡A¦b¦¹¤§«á RELENG_5 ¤À¤ä¤£¦AÄ~Äò¡C</para>

      <para>RELENG_6 ¤À¤ä©ó 2005 ¦~ 7 ¤ë¶}¶]¡A¦Ó 6.X ¤À¤äªº²Ä¤@­Ó
	release(6.0-RELEASE) ¬O¦b 2005 ¦~ 11 ¤ë¥Xªº¡C
        ³Ì·sªº &rel2.current;-RELEASE ¬O¦b &rel2.current.date;
	µo¦æ¡C  ·íµMÅo¡ARELENG_6 ¤À¤äÁÙ±N¦³«áÄòªºµo¦æª©¡C</para>

      <para>RELENG_7 ¤À¤ä©ó 2007 ¦~ 10 ¤ë¶}¶]¡A³Ì·sªº &rel.current;-RELEASE
	¬O¦b &rel.current.date; µo¦æ¡C  RELENG_7
	¤À¤äÁÙ±N¦³«áÄòªºµo¦æª©¡C</para>

      <para>¥Ø«e¡Aªø´Áªº¶}µo­pµeÄ~Äò¦b 8.X-CURRENT (trunk) ¤À¤ä¤¤¶i¦æ¡A¦Ó
	8.X ªº CD-ROM (·íµM¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Îºô¸ô§ì) snapshot ª©¥»¥i¥H¦b <ulink
	url="ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/">FreeBSD snapshot server</ulink>
	 ¨ú±o¡C</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="goals">
      <sect2info>
        <authorgroup>
          <author>
            <firstname>Jordan</firstname>
	    <surname>Hubbard</surname>
   	    <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
	  </author>
        </authorgroup>
      </sect2info>

      <title>&os; ­p¹ºªº¥Ø¼Ð</title>

      <indexterm>
        <primary>&os; Project</primary>
        <secondary>goals</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>&os; ­p¹ºªº¥Ø¼Ð¦b©ó´£¨Ñ¥i§@¥ô·N¥Î³~ªº³nÅé¦Ó¤£ªþ±a¥ô¦ó­­¨î±ø¤å¡C
	§Ú­Ì¤§¤¤³\¦h¤H¹ïµ{¦¡½X (¥H¤Î­pµe¥»¨­) ³£¦³«D±`¤jªº§ë¤J¡A
	¦]¦¹¡A·íµM¤£¤¶·N°¸º¸¦³¤@¨Ç¸êª÷¤Wªº¸ÉÀv¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¨Ã¨S¥´ºâ°í¨M¦a­n¨D±o¨ì³oÃþ¸ê§U¡C
	§Ú­Ì»{¬°§Ú­Ìªº­º­n¡y¨Ï©R(mission)¡z¬O¬°¥ô¦ó¤H´£¨Ñµ{¦¡½X¡A
	¤£ºÞ¥L­Ì¥´ºâ¥Î³o¨Çµ{¦¡½X°µ¤°»ò¡A ¦]¬°³o¼Ëµ{¦¡½X±N¯à°÷³Q§ó¼sªx¦a¨Ï¥Î¡A±q¦Óµo´§¨ä»ù­È¡C
	§Ú»{¬°³o¬O¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé³Ì°ò¥»ªº¡A¦P®É¤]¬O§Ú­Ì©Ò­Ò¾Éªº¤@­Ó¥Ø¼Ð¡C</para>

      <indexterm>
        <primary>GNU General Public License (GPL)</primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
        <primary>GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>BSD Copyright</primary></indexterm>
      <para>§Ú­Ìµ{¦¡½X¾ð¤¤¡A¦³­Y¤z¬O¥H GNU GPL ©ÎªÌ LGPL
	µo§Gªº¨º¨Çµ{¦¡½X±a¦³¤Ö³\ªºªþ¥[­­¨î¡AÁÙ¦n¥u¬O±j¨î©Êªº­n¨D¶}©ñµ{¦¡½X¦Ó¤£¬O§Oªº¡C
	¥Ñ©ó¨Ï¥Î GPL ªº³nÅé¦b°Ó·~¥Î³~¤W·|¼W¥[­Y¤z½ÆÂø©Ê¡A¦]¦¹¡A¦pªG¥i¥H¿ï¾Üªº¸Ü¡A
	§Ú­Ì·|¤ñ¸û³ßÅw¨Ï¥Î­­¨î¬Û¹ï§ó¼eÃPªº BSD ª©Åv¨Óµo§G³nÅé¡C</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="development">
      <sect2info>
        <authorgroup>
          <author>
            <firstname>Satoshi</firstname>
	    <surname>Asami</surname>
   	    <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
	  </author>
        </authorgroup>
      </sect2info>

      <title>&os; ªº¶}µo¼Ò¦¡</title>

      <indexterm>
        <primary>&os; Project</primary>
        <secondary>development model</secondary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>&os; ªº¶}µo¬O¤@­Ó«D±`¶}©ñ¥B¨ã¼u©Êªº¹Lµ{¡A´N¹³±q <ulink
	url="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">°^ÄmªÌ¦W³æ</ulink>
	©Ò¬Ý¨ìªº¡A¬O¥Ñ¥þ¥@¬É¦¨¤d¤W¸Uªº°^ÄmªÌµo®i°_¨Óªº¡C
	&os; ªº¶}µo°ò¦¬[ºc¤¹³\¼Æ¥H¦Ê­pªº¶}µoªÌ³z¹Lºô»Úºô¸ô¨ó¦P¤u§@¡C
	§Ú­Ì¤]¸g±`Ãöª`µÛ¨º¨Ç¹ï§Ú­Ìªº­pµe·P¿³½ìªº·s¶}µoªÌ©M·sªº³Ð·N¡A
	¨º¨Ç¦³¿³½ì§ó¶i¤@¨B°Ñ»P­p¹ºªº¤H¥u»Ý­n¦b &a.hackers; ³sô§Ú­Ì¡C
	&a.announce; ¹ï¨º¨Ç§Æ±æ¤F¸Ñ§Ú­Ì¶i«×ªº¤H¤]¬O¬Û·í¦³¥Îªº¡C</para>

      <para>µL½×¬O³æ¿W¶}µoªÌ©ÎªÌ«Ê³¬¦¡ªº¹Î¶¤¦X§@¡A¦hÁA¸Ñ &os; ­p¹º©M¥¦ªº¶}µo¹Lµ{·|¬O¤£¿ùªº¡J</para>

      <variablelist>
	<varlistentry>
	  <term>The SVN and CVS repository<anchor
	    id="development-cvs-repository"/></term>

	  <listitem>
	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>CVS</primary>
	    <secondary>repository</secondary>
	  </indexterm>
	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>Concurrent Versions System</primary>
	    <see>CVS</see>
	  </indexterm>
	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>SVN</primary>
	    <secondary>repository</secondary>
	  </indexterm>
	  <indexterm>
	    <primary>Subversion</primary>
	    <see>SVN</see>
	  </indexterm>
	    <para>¹L¥h¼Æ¦~¨Ó &os; ªº¤¤¥¡ source tree ¤@ª½¬O¥H
	      <ulink url="http://ximbiot.com/cvs/wiki/">CVS</ulink>
	      (Concurrent Versions System) ¨ÓºûÅ@ªº¡A
	      ¥¦¬O­Ó¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé¡A¥i¥Î¨Ó°µ¬°ª©¥»±±¨î¡A¤@¸Ë§¹ &os; ¤º´N¦³ªþ¤F¡C
	      µM¦Ó¦b 2008 ¦~ 6 ¤ë°_¡A &os; ª©¥»±±¨î¨t²Î§ï¥Î <ulink
	      url="http://subversion.tigris.org">SVN</ulink>(Subversion)¡C
	      ³o¤Á´«°Ê§@§Ú­Ì»{¬°¬O¦³¥²­n¡A¦]¬° <application>CVS</application>
	      ¥ý¤Ñªº§Þ³N­­¨î¡A¾É­P source tree ¥H¤Î¾ú¥vª©¥»¼Æ¶q¤£Â_§Ö³tÂX±i¡C
	      ¦]¦¹¡A¥D­nªº repository ¥Ø«e¬O±Ä¥Î <application>SVN</application>
	      ¡A¦Ó client ºÝªº¤u¨ã¹³¬O <application>CVSup</application>¡B
	      <application>csup</application> ³£¬O¥H¦¡ªº
	      <application>CVS</application> ¬[ºc¬°°ò¦¡A¤´¥i¥HÄ~Äò¥¿±`¹B§@
	      &mdash; ¦¹¤D¦] <application>SVN</application> repository
	      ¦³ backport ¦^ <application>CVS</application> ¤~¥i¥HÄ~ÄòÅý client
	      ºÝ¬Û®e¡C  ¥Ø«e¡A´N¥u¦³¤¤¥¡ source tree ¬O±Ä
	      <application>SVN</application> ª©¥»±±¨î¤è¦¡¡C  ¦Ó¤å¥ó¡Bºô­¶¡B
	      Ports ³o¨Ç repository ¤´«ùÄò¨Ï¥Î <application>CVS</application>
	      ª©¥»±±¨î¤è¦¡¡C
	      ¦Ó¥D­nªº <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi">CVS
	      repository</ulink> ¬O¦ì©ó¬ü°ê¥[¦{ Santa Clara ªº¬Y¥x¾÷¾¹¤W¡A
	      µM«á¦A mirror ¨ì¥@¬É¤W¨ä¥Lªº³\¦h¾÷¾¹¤W¡C
	      <application>SVN</application> tree ¤º¦³¨â­Ó¥D¤À¤ä¡G
	      <link linkend="current">-CURRENT</link> ¥H¤Î <link
	      linkend="stable">-STABLE</link> ¡A³o¨Ç³£¥i»´ÃP½Æ»s¨ì¦Û¤v¾÷¾¹¤W¡C
	      ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ <link linkend="synching">§ó·s§Aªº source tree</link>
	      ¤@¸`¡C</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>The committers list<anchor
	    id="development-committers"/></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <indexterm><primary>committers</primary></indexterm>

	    <para>©Ò¿×ªº <firstterm>committers</firstterm>
	      «üªº¬O¹ï CVS tree ¦³ <emphasis>write</emphasis> Åv­­¡A
	      ¨Ã¨Ì¤£¦P±ÂÅv³¡¤À¡A¦Ó¦³¤£¦PÅv­­¥i­×§ï &os; source¡C
	      (<quote>committer</quote> ³oµü·½¦Û &man.cvs.1; ¤¤ªº
	       <command>commit</command> «ü¥O¡A¸Ó«ü¥O¬O¥Î¨Ó§â·sªº­×§ï´£¥æµ¹
	       CVS repository¡C)
	      ¦Ó´£¥æ­×§ïµ¹ committer ­ÌÀˬdªº³Ì¦n¤è¦¡¡A´N¬O¥Î &man.send-pr.1;
	      «ü¥O¡C  ­Y´£¥æ PR ªº¬yµ{¨t²Î¤W¦³¾Ã¶ë²{¶Hªº¸Ü¡A
	      ¤]¥i¥H§ï¥Î±H«H¤è¦¡¡A±H«H¨ì &a.committers; §Y¥i¡C</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>The &os; core team<anchor id="development-core"/></term>

	  <listitem>
	    <indexterm><primary>core team</primary></indexterm>

	    <para>¦pªG§â &os; ¬Ý¦¨¬O¤@®a¤½¥qªº¸Ü¡A
	      <firstterm>&os; core team</firstterm>
	      ´N¬Û·í©ó¡y¸³¨Æ·|(board of directors)¡z¡C  core team
	      ªº¥D­n¾³d¦b©ó½T«O¦¹­p¹º¦³¨}¦nªº¬[ºc¡A¥H´ÂµÛ¥¿½Tªº¤è¦Vµo®i¡C
              ¦¹¥~¡AÁܽмö¦å¥B­t³dªº³nÅé¶}µoªÌ¥[¤J committers ¦æ¦C¡A
	      ¥H¦b­Y¤z¦¨­ûÂ÷¥h®É±o¥H¸É¥R·s¦å¡C
              ¥Ø«eªº core team ¬O¦b 2008 ¦~ 7 ¤ë committers
	      ­Ô¿ï¤H¤¤¿ï¥X¨Óªº¡A¨C¨â¦~·|Á|¿ì¤@¦¸¿ïÁ|¡C</para>

	    <para>¦³¨Ç core team ¦¨­ûÁÙ­t³d¬Y¨Ç¯S©w½d³ò¡A
	      ¤]´N¬O»¡¥L­Ì¥²¶·ºÉ¶q½T«O¤@¨Ç¤l¨t²ÎªºÃ­©w¡B®Ä¯à¡C
	      Ãö©ó &os; ¶}µoªÌ­Ì¥H¤Î¦U¦Û³d¥ô½d³ò¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ulink
	      url="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">°^ÄmªÌ¦W³æ
	      </ulink>¡C</para>

	    <note>
	      <para>core team ¤j³¡¤À¦¨­û¥[¤J &os; ¶}µo³£¬O§Ó¤u©Ê½è¦Ó¤w¡A
		¨Ã¥¼±q¥»­p¹º¤¤Àò±o¥ô¦óÁ~¹S¡A©Ò¥H¤£¸Ó§â
		<quote>commitment</quote> »~¸Ñ¬°
		<quote>guaranteed support</quote> ¤~¹ï¡C
		­è«e­±©ÒÁ¿ªº¡y¸³¨Æ·|¡z¥i¯à¬O¤£«ê·íªºÃþ±À¡A©Î³\§Ú­ÌÀ³¸Ó»¡¡G
	        ¥L­Ì¬O¤@¸s¦ÛÄ@©ñ±ó­ì¥»ªºÀu´ì¥Í¬¡¡B­Ó¤H¨ä¥L»â°ì¦¨´N¡A
		¦Ó¿ï¾Ü§ë¤J &os; ¶}µoªº¼ö¦å¦³¬°ªÌ¤~¹ï¡I</para>
	    </note>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	<varlistentry>
	  <term>¨ä¥Lªº°^ÄmªÌ</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <indexterm><primary>contributors</primary></indexterm>

	    <para>³Ì«á¤@ÂI¡A¦ý³oÂIµ´«D³Ì¤£­«­nªº¡A
	      ³Ì¤jªº¶}µoªÌ¹Î¶¤´N¬O«ùÄò¬°§Ú­Ì´£¨Ñ¦^õX¥H¤Î¿ù»~­×¥¿ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦Û¤v¡C
	      »P &os; «D®Ö¤ß¶}µoªÌ¤¬°Êªº¥D­n¤è¦¡¡A«K¬O³z¹L­q¾\ &a.hackers;
	      ¨Ó¶i¦æ·¾³q¡A³o¤è­±¥i°Ñ¦Ò¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <xref
              linkend="eresources"/> ¥HÁA¸Ñ¦U¦¡¤£¦Pªº &os;
	      ¶l»¼½×¾Â(mailing lists)¡C</para>

	    <para><citetitle><ulink
	      url="&url.articles.contributors;/article.html">&os; °^ÄmªÌ¦W³æ
	      </ulink></citetitle> ¬Û·íªø¥B¤£Â_¦¨ªø¤¤¡A
	      ¥u­n¦³°^Äm´N·|³Q¦C¤J¨ä¤¤¡A
	      ­n¤£­n¥ß§Y¦Ò¼{°^Äm &os; ¤@¨Ç¦^õX©O¡H</para>

	    <para>µM¦Ó¡A´£¨Ñ­ì©l½X¨Ã«D¬°³o­Ó­p¹º°µ°^Ämªº°ß¤@¤è¦¡¡F
	      Áٻݭn¤j®a§ë¤Jªº§¹¾ã¤u§@¦Cªí¡B»¡©ú¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ <ulink
	      url="&url.base;/index.html">&os; ©xºô</ulink>¡C</para>
	  </listitem>
	</varlistentry>
      </variablelist>

      <para>²³æªº»¡¡A§Ú­Ìªº¶}µo¼Ò¦¡´N¹³¬O¤@²Õ¨S¦³©ë§ôªº¦P¤ß¶ê¡C
        ³oºØ¶°¤¤¶}µo¼Ò¦¡¬O¥H <emphasis>µ¹¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤è«K</emphasis> ¬°¥D¡A
        ¦P®ÉÅý¥L­Ì¯à«Ü®e©ö¦a¦@¦PºûÅ@³nÅé¡A¦Ó¤£·|§â¼ç¦bªº°^ÄmªÌ±Æ°£¦b¥~¡I
	§Ú­Ìªº¥Ø¼Ð¬O´£¨Ñ§t¦³¤j¶q¤@­P©Êªº
	<link linkend="ports">À³¥Î³nÅé(ports/packages)</link>
	¡A¥H«KÅý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ»´ÃP¦w¸Ë¡B¨Ï¥Îªº§@·~¨t²Î ¡X¡X
	¦Ó³o¶}µo¼Ò¦¡¬Û·í²Å¦X¦¹¤@¥Ø¼Ð¡C</para>

      <para>§Ú­Ì¹ï©ó¨º¨Ç·Q­n¥[¤J &os; ¶}µoªÌªº´Á«Ý¬O¡G
	½Ð«O«ù¦p¦P«e¤H¤@¼Ëªº§ë¤J¡A¥H½T«OÄ~Äò¦¨¥\¡I</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="relnotes">
      <title>³Ì·sªº &os; µo¦æª©¥»</title>

      <indexterm><primary>NetBSD</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>OpenBSD</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>386BSD</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>Free Software Foundation</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm><primary>U.C. Berkeley</primary></indexterm>
      <indexterm>
        <primary>Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG)</primary>
      </indexterm>
      <para>&os; ¬O§K¶O¨Ï¥Î¥B±a¦³§¹¾ã­ì©lµ{¦¡½Xªº¥H 4.4BSD-Lite
	¬°°ò¦ªº¨t²Î¡A¥i¥H¦b
	Intel &i386;, &i486;, &pentium;,
        &pentium;&nbsp;Pro,
        &celeron;,
        &pentium;&nbsp;II,
        &pentium;&nbsp;III,
        &pentium;&nbsp;4 (©ÎªÌ¬Û®e«¬¸¹),
        &xeon;, DEC <trademark>Alpha</trademark>
 	©M Sun &ultrasparc; ¬°°ò¦ªº¹q¸£¤W°õ¦æªº§@·~¨t²Î¡C
	¥¦¥D­n¥H¥[¦{¤j¾Ç¤Úº¸§J§Q¤À®Õ ªº CSRG ¬ã¨s¤p²Õªº³nÅ鬰°ò¦¡A¨Ã¥[¤J¤F
	NetBSD¡BOpenBSD¡B386BSD ¥H¤Î¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé°òª÷·|ªº¤@¨ÇªF¦è¡C</para>

      <para>¦Û±q 1994 ¦~¥½¡A§Ú­Ìµo§G¤F &os;&nbsp;2.0 ¤§«á¡A¨t²Îªº°õ¦æ®Ä²v¡B
        ¥\¯à¡Bí©w©Ê³£¦³¤F¥O¤Hª`¥Øªº´£¤É¡C
	<!-- XXX is the rest of this paragraph still true ? -->
        ³Ì¤jªº§ïÅÜ´N¬O§Ú­Ì±N°O¾ÐÅé»PÀɮרt²Îªº cache ¾÷¨îµ²¦X¦b¤@°_¡C
        ³o¤£¥u¨Ï±o¨t²Îªºªí²{Åܱo§ó¦n, ¨Ã¥B¨Ï±o &os;
        ¨t²Î³Ì¤Öªº°O¾ÐÅé»Ý¨D´î¤Ö¨ì 5&nbsp;MB¡C
        ¨ä¥¦ªº§ï¶i¥]¬A§¹¾ãªº NIS cilent and server ¥\¯à¤ä´©¡A
        ¤ä´© transaction TCP¡BPPP ¼·±µ³s½u¡B¾ã¦Xªº DHCP ¤ä´©¡B
        SCSI ¤l¨t²Îªº§ï¶i¡BISDN ªº¤ä´©¡AATM¡BFDDI ¥H¤Î¤A¤Óºô¸ô (Ethernet¡B¥]¬A
        100&nbsp;Mbit ©M Gigabit) ªº¤ä´©¡A´£¤É¤F³Ì·sªº Adaptec
	±±¨î¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº§ïµ½¡A¥H¤Î¼Æ¥H¤d­pªº bug ­×¥¿¡C</para>

      <para>°£¤F³Ì°ò¥»ªº¨t²Î³nÅé¡A&os; ÁÙ´£¨Ñ¤F¼s¨üÅwªïªº®M¥ó³nÅéºÞ²z¾÷¨î¡G
	Ports Collection¡C
	¨ì¥»®Ñ¥I¦L®É¡A¤w¦³¶W¹L &os.numports; ­Ó ports¡A³o½dÃ¥²[»\±q http(WWW)
	¦øªA¾¹¨ì¹CÀ¸¡Bµ{¦¡»y¨¥¡B½s¿è¾¹¥H¤Î±z¯à·Q¨ìªº´X¥G©Ò¦³ªºªF¦è¡C
	§¹¾ãªº Ports Collection »Ý­n¬ù &ports.size; ªºµwºÐªÅ¶¡¡A°£¤F
	port °ò¥»¬[ºcÀÉ®×¥~¡A³£¥uÀx¦s»P¸Ó port
	³nÅ骺­ì©l½X¦³¡y¶·­nÅܧó¡zªº³¡¥÷¡C
	¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H§ó®e©ö§ó·s³o¨Ç ports¡A¤]¤j¶qªº´î¤Ö¦pªº 1.0 ª©
	Ports Collection ¹ï©óµwºÐªÅ¶¡ªº»Ý¨D¡C
	­n¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó port ªº¸Ü¡A¥u»Ý­n¶i¤J¸Ó port ªº¥Ø¿ý¡A¿é¤J
	<command>make install</command>¡A³o¼Ë¤l¨t²Î´N·|À°§A¸Ë¦n¤F¡C
	±z­n½sĶªº¨C­Óµ{¦¡ªº§¹¾ã­ì©lµ{¦¡¡A
	³£¥i±q FTP ©Î CD-ROM ¤¤Àò±o¡A©Ò¥H±z¥u»Ý·Ç³Æ¨¬°÷ªºµwºÐªÅ¶¡¨Ó½sĶ§A­nªº
	port ³nÅé¡C
	´X¥G¨C¤@­Ó port ³£¦³¤w¨Æ¥ý½sĶ¦nªº <quote>package</quote>¥H¤è«K¦w¸Ë¡A
	¦pªG¤£·Q±q½sĶ port ªº¤H¡A¥u­n¥Î­Ó²³æ«ü¥O
	(<command>pkg_add</command>)´N¥i¥H¦w¸Ë¡C
	¦³Ãö packages ©M ports ªº²Ó¸`¡A¥i¥H°Ñ¾\ <xref linkend="ports"/>¡C</para>

      <para>&os; ¥D¾÷ªº <filename>/usr/share/doc</filename>
	¥Ø¿ý¤U§ä¨ì³\¦h¦³¥Îªº¤å¥ó¡A
	¨ÓÀ°§U±z¦w¸Ë¡B¨Ï¥Î &os;¡C
	¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤U­±ªººô§}¡A¥HÂsÄý¾¹¨Ó½¾\¥»¾÷¤W¦w¸Ëªº¤â¥U¡J</para>

      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
	  <term>&os; ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><ulink type="html"
	      url="file://localhost/usr/share/doc/handbook/index.html"><filename>/usr/share/doc/handbook/index.html</filename></ulink></para>
	  </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
	  <term>&os; ±`¨£°Ýµª¶°</term>

	  <listitem>
	    <para><ulink type="html"
	      url="file://localhost/usr/share/doc/faq/index.html"><filename>/usr/share/doc/faq/index.html</filename></ulink></para>
	  </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>

      <para>¦¹¥~¡A¥i¦b¤U¦Cºô§}§ä¨ì³Ì·sª© (¤]¬O§ó·s³ÌÀWÁcªºª©¥»)¡G<ulink
	url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/"></ulink>¡C</para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
</chapter>