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<!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
%release;
<!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
%sponsor;
<!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
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<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
<info>
<title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
<author>
<orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
</author>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
<!-- Last rev: 284814 -->
<copyright>
<year>2015</year>
<holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
Project</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.ibm;
&tm-attrib.ieee;
&tm-attrib.intel;
&tm-attrib.sparc;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<abstract>
<para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
&release.branch; development line. This document lists
applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
presented.</para>
</abstract>
</info>
<sect1 xml:id="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
&release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or
deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on
upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
<para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
which these release notes apply represents the latest point
along the &release.branch; development branch since
&release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built,
binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
found at <uri
xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
<para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
which these release notes apply represents a point along the
&release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
the future &release.next;. Information regarding pre-built,
binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
found at <uri
xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
<para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
&release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be
found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or
other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
<link
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
&os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
Handbook</link>.</para>
<para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
before installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
<quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
&release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
<para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
features in &os; since &release.prev;. In general, changes
described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
<para>Typical release note items document recent security
advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to
major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly
the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
improvements.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
<title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
<para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
(and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade
procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
&os; release. The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
<para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
base system from source code) from previous versions are
supported, according to the instructions in
<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
<important>
<para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
<emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
</important>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
<title>Security and Errata</title>
<para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="security">
<title>Security Advisories</title>
&security;
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="errata">
<title>Errata Notices</title>
&errata;
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="userland">
<title>Userland</title>
<para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
<title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
<para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
includes files in the
<filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
<filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
<para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
<literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
if unset.</para>
<para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
&man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
<title>Userland Application Changes</title>
<para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
&google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
added, which provides access to functionality that is not
available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
sandbox.</para>
<para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
&man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
&man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
<quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
<para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
their device name instead of just the selector. Additionally,
an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
device.</para>
<para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. This allows
the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
<para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
<para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
privileges.</para>
<para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
<literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
host system.</para>
<para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
&man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
<para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
ends event collection after the specified number of
seconds.</para>
<para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
process.</para>
<para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
<para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
<literal>4295098369</literal> and
<literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
change, it would be possible for returned values to be
incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
<para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
updated to include three options used to print information
about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Option</entry>
<entry>Output</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
<entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
utility</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
<entry>The disk image file formats supported by
&man.mkimg.1;</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
<entry>The partition schemes supported by
&man.mkimg.1;</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
&man.dtrace.1; has been added. With this change,
&man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
<acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
values.</para>
<para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
updated to support capability mode provided by
&man.capsicum.4;.</para>
<para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
&man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
<para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
<para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
&os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
<para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
&man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
administrative changes to individual devices, such as
attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
devices. The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
&man.devctl.3; library.</para>
<para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
&man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
<para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
a previous upgrade has not been thoroughly completed.</para>
<para revision="279122" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.netstat.1; utility has been
updated to link against the &man.libxo.3; shared
library.</para>
<para revision="280870">A regression in the &man.libarchive.3;
library that would prevent a directory from being included in
the archive when <literal>--one-file-system</literal> is used
has been fixed.</para>
<para revision="281311" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
&man.ar.1; utility has been updated to set
<literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS</literal> and
<literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT</literal> to disallow
directory traversal when extracting an archive, similar to
&man.tar.1;.</para>
<para revision="282208" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&multiplay;">The &man.chflags.1;, &man.chgrp.1;,
&man.chmod.1;, and &man.chown.8; utilities now affect symbolic
links when the <literal>-R</literal> flag is specified, as
documented in &man.symlink.7;.</para>
<para revision="281617">A race condition in &man.wc.1; that
would cause final results to be sent to &man.stderr.4; when
receiving the <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal has been
fixed.</para>
<para revision="284297" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&clusterhq;">The &man.lockstat.1; utility has been
updated with several improvements:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Spin locks are now reported as the amount of time
spinning, instead of loop iterations.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Reader locks are now recognized as adaptive and can
spin on &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Lock aquisition events for successful reader try-lock
events are now reported.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Spin-and-block events that occur before lock
acquisition are now reported.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para revision="284589" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.fstyp.8; utility has been
updated to be able to detect &man.zfs.8; and &man.geli.8;
filesystems.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
<title>Contributed Software</title>
<para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
<para revision="259626">Timezone data files have been updated to
version 2013i.</para>
<para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
version 20140101.</para>
<para revision="261071">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
version 3.5.0.</para>
<para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
been updated to version 3.4.</para>
<para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
<para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
<para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
<application>Clang</application> have been updated to
version 3.4.</para>
<para revision="266527"
role="merged"><application>Sendmail</application> has been
updated from 8.14.7 to 8.14.9.</para>
<para revision="276577"><application>file</application> has been
updated to version 5.22.</para>
<para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
support.</para>
<para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
<application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
upstream revision r3136.</para>
<para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
the base system. The <filename
role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
needed.</para>
<para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
object manipulation tools
<application>addr2line</application>,
<application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
<application>nm</application>,
<application>readelf</application>,
<application>size</application>, and
<application>strings</application> were switched to the
versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
<para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
shell.</para>
<para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
<para revision="280932" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
<application>elftoolchain</application> utilities have been
updated to version 3179.</para>
<para revision="281316">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
to version 5.2.1.</para>
<para revision="281373">The &man.nvi.1; utility has been updated
to version 2.1.3.</para>
<para revision="281806">The &man.wpa.supplicant.8; and
&man.hostapd.8; utilities have been updated to version
2.4.</para>
<para revision="282089">The &man.unbound.8; utility has been
updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
<para revision="282434" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
&man.resolvconf.8; utility has been updated to version
3.7.0.</para>
<para revision="284254"><application>bmake</application> has
been updated to version 20150606.</para>
<para revision="284329"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
been updated to version 1.0.1o.</para>
<para revision="283092">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
updated to version 20150515.</para>
<para revision="284237">The &man.file.1; utility has been
updated to version 5.23.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
<title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
<para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
<acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
<para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
&man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
<literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
<literal>off</literal> for the <filename
class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
contents of directories within <filename
class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
<filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
<para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
<acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
in a virtual machine, determined when the
<literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
<literal>1</literal>.</para>
<para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
<title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
Scripts</title>
<para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
updated to allow configuring services in <filename
class="directory">${LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
<filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
<para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
&man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system. An
equivalent script is available from the <filename
role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
<para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
<filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
boot.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
<title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
Scripts</title>
<para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
<filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
<filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
<title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
<para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
format has been changed to
<literal>$2b$</literal>.</para>
<para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
statically linked in software within the base system, and the
shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
<para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
features <literal>%U</literal> and
<literal>%W</literal>.</para>
<para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
changed to always return the path name of the
<acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
<literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
<para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
imported to the base system.</para>
<para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
applications to work over compatible
<acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
<para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
interface.</para>
<para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
<literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
added. See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
<para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
userland applications and libraries without also linking
against &man.elf.3;.</para>
<para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
failure.</para>
<para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
workloads.</para>
<para revision="281130">Several standard include headers have
been updated to use of <application>gcc</application>
attributes, such as <literal>__result_use_check()</literal>,
<literal>__alloc_size()</literal>, and
<literal>__nonnull()</literal>.</para>
<para revision="281845">Support for file verification in
<acronym>MAC</acronym> has been added.</para>
<para revision="282973" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
<literal>libgomp</literal> library is now only built when
building <acronym>GCC</acronym> from the base system. An
up-to-date version is available in the Ports Collection as
<filename
role="package">devel/libiomp5-devel</filename>.</para>
<para revision="282988">The <filename>stdlib.h</filename> and
<filename>malloc.h</filename> headers have been updated to
make use of the <application>gcc</application>
<literal>alloc_align()</literal> attribute.</para>
<para revision="284483" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&scaleengine;">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; library
has been updated to support $2y$ hashes.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
<title>ABI Compatibility</title>
<para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>. The
<literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
evaluated when building the <filename
role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
ports.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="kernel">
<title>Kernel</title>
<para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
categorized.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
<title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
<para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
&man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
Boost ™ enabled has been fixed.</para>
<para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
&man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
&os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
<para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
<para revision="280930" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&mitail;">The
kernel <acronym>RPC</acronym> has been updated to include
several enhancements:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The 45 MiB limit on requests queued for
&man.nfsd.8; threads has been removed.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Avoids unnecessary throttling by not deferring
accounting for completed requests.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Fixes an integer overflow and signedness bugs.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para revision="281261" arch="powerpc">Support for
&man.dtrace.1; has been added for the
Book-E ™.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
<title>Kernel Configuration</title>
<para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
which enables application execution through emulators, such
as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
<para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
<literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
reboot the system.</para>
<para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
<para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
&os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
address.</para>
<important>
<para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
system.</para>
</important>
<para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
(<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
has been added.</para>
<para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
&powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
concurrency.</para>
<para revision="283959" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&limelight;">A new kernel configuration option,
<literal>EM_MULTIQUEUE</literal>, has been added which enables
multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver.</para>
<note>
<para>Multi-queue support in the &man.em.4; driver is not
officially supported by &intel;.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
<title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
<para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
&man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
increased. The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
<para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
&man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
<para revision="280308,280949" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&ix;, &ff;">The &man.devfs.5; device filesystem has
been changed to update timestamps for read/write operations
using seconds precision. A new &man.sysctl.8;,
<literal>vfs.devfs.dotimes</literal> has been added, which
when set to a non-zero value, enables default precision
timestamps for these operations.</para>
<para revision="282213" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">A new
&man.sysctl.8;, <literal>kern.racct.enable</literal>, has been
added, which when set to a non-zero value allows using
&man.rctl.8; with the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
A new kernel configuration option,
<literal>RACCT_DISABLED</literal> has also been added.</para>
<para revision="282901" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
<literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration now includes
<literal>RACCT</literal> and <literal>RCTL</literal> by
default.</para>
<note>
<para>To enable <literal>RACCT</literal> and
<literal>RCTL</literal> on a system using the
<literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel configuration, add
<literal>kern.racct.enable=1</literal> to
&man.loader.conf.5;, and reboot the system.</para>
</note>
<para revision="283136" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&limelight;">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
<literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache.purgenow</literal>, has
been added, which when set to <literal>1</literal> during
runtime will flush all
<literal>net.inet.tcp.hostcache</literal> entries.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="drivers">
<title>Devices and Drivers</title>
<para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
<title>Device Drivers</title>
<para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
&man.uhso.4;.</para>
<para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts. As
this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
has been added.</para>
<para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
later.</para>
<para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
&man.sysctl.8; with individual
<literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
<para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
to create a
<filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
userspace.</para>
<para revision="280183">The <literal>drm</literal> code has
been updated to match &linux; version 3.8.13.</para>
<para revision="282783" arch="powerpc">Support for the Freescale
<acronym>PCI</acronym> Root Complex device has been
added.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
<title>Storage Drivers</title>
<para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
<para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers. The
&man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
<literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
&man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
<note>
<para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
<application>StorCli</application> do not work with
&man.mrsas.4;.</para>
</note>
<para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
&man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
<para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
<para revision="281387">The &man.hptnr.4; driver has been
updated to version 1.1.1.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
<title>Network Drivers</title>
<para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
&man.bge.4;.</para>
<para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
<para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino™
Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
system.</para>
<para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
removed. Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
the default driver for this hardware since
&os; 7.0.</para>
<para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
<note>
<para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
interface.</para>
</note>
<para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
<para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino™
Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
<para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
<para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
<para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network. The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
<para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
&man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
&man.me.4;.</para>
<para revision="283766" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&limelight;">The &man.em.4; driver has been updated
with improved transmission queue hang detection.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="hardware">
<title>Hardware Support</title>
<para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
other sections of this document.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
<title>Hardware Support</title>
<para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
updated to support the &apple; MacMini 3,1.</para>
<para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
as of &os; 11.</para>
<para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
<literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
<acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
<para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
PowerBook ®.</para>
<para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
driver has been updated to correct performance counter
sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
<para revision="281713" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
driver has been updated to support the Freescale e500
core.</para>
<para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
<application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
<literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
<para revision="283766">The &man.ig4.4; driver has been added,
providing support for the fourth generation &intel;
<acronym>I2C</acronym> SMBus.</para>
<para>The &man.uart.4; driver has been updated to support
<acronym>AMT</acronym> devices on newer systems.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
<title>Virtualization Support</title>
<para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
Delivery</quote> feature of &intel; VT-x is enabled if
supported by the CPU. This feature can be disabled by running
<literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
<literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
<para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU. This
feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>. Additionally, to
persist this setting across reboots, add
<literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
<para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
&man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
<para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
&man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
<para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
<para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
bhyve.</para>
<para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
<application>Xen</application> guest instance as
<acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
<acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
<para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
<para revision="279957">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
updated to support <literal>DSM TRIM</literal> commands for
virtual <acronym>AHCI</acronym> disks.</para>
<para revision="281439" arch="arm">Support for the
<application>QEMU</application> <literal>virt</literal> system
has been added.</para>
<para revision="282212" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
Hyper-V™ drivers have been updated with several
enhancements:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The &man.hv.vmbus.4; driver now has multi-channel
support.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The &man.hv.storvsc.4; driver now has scatter/gather
support, in addition to performance improvements.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The &man.hv.kvp.4; driver has received several bug
fixes.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para revision="282274">Support for &man.xen.4; para-virtualized
<literal>domU</literal> kernels has been removed.</para>
<para revision="284746" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&msostc;">The
&man.hv.netvsc.4; driver has been updated to support checksum
offloading and <acronym>TSO</acronym>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
<title>ARM Support</title>
<para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
ARM devices by default.</para>
<para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
<para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
<acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
<para revision="280259" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Initial
support for the ARM AArch64 architecture has been
added.</para>
<para revision="282779" arch="arm">Kernel support for Thumb-2
userland has been added.</para>
<para revision="282827">Support for the hardware power button
on the BeagleBone Black system has been added.</para>
<para revision="284273" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&ff;">Initial
<acronym>ACPI</acronym> support has been added for
&os;/&arch.arm64;.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="storage">
<title>Storage</title>
<para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
<title>General Storage</title>
<para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
&man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
<para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
&man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
<para revision="275681" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
&man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
&man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-media</literal>, which
allows automatically mounting removable media, such as
<acronym>CD</acronym> drives or <acronym>USB</acronym> flash
drives.</para>
<para revision="279955" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
&man.autofs.5; subsystem has been updated to include a new
&man.auto.master.5; map, <literal>-noauto</literal>, which
handles &man.fstab.5; entries set to
<literal>noauto</literal>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
<title>Networked Storage</title>
<para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS X™
and Solaris™. The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
daemons.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
<title>ZFS</title>
<para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
statistics are now visible through the
<literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;. As a result of this
change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
&man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
<literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
&man.sysctl.8;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
<title>&man.geom.4;</title>
<para revision="267359">Support for the
<literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="boot">
<title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
<para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
boot-related changes.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
<title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
<para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
default system console driver. The &man.syscons.4; driver is
still available, and can be enabled by adding
<literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
&man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
<para revision="281616">The boot loader has been updated to
support entering the <acronym>GELI</acronym> passphrase before
loading the kernel. To enable this behavior, add
<literal>geom_eli_passphrase_prompt="YES"</literal> to
&man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
<para revision="258431" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
memory test run at boot time on &os;/&arch.amd64; platforms
has been disabled by default.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
<title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
<para> </para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="network">
<title>Networking</title>
<para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
&os;.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
<title>Network Procols</title>
<para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
&os; 11 and later releases.</para>
<para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default. New
control tunables have been added:</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Tunable</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
<entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
blackhole detection</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
<entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
<entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Tunable</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
<entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
<entry>Number of times the blackhole
<acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
downshift</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
<entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
connect after downshifting the
<acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para revision="280971" contrib="sponsor"
sponsor="&netflix;, &nginx;">Support for <acronym>IP</acronym>
identification for atomic datagrams (<acronym>RFC</acronym>
6864) has been added. Support for this feature can be toggled
with the <literal>net.inet.ip.rfc6864</literal>
&man.sysctl.8;, which is enabled by default.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="ports">
<title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
<para>This section covers changes to the &os; Ports
Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
installation tools.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
<title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
<para> </para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
<title>Packaging Changes</title>
<para> </para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="doc">
<title>Documentation</title>
<para>This section covers changes to the &os; Documentation
Project sources and toolchain.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
<title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
<para> </para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
<title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
<para> </para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="releng">
<title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
<para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
&os; Release Engineering processes.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
<title>Integration Changes</title>
<para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
cloud hosting providers.</para>
<para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;. By default,
the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
available.</para>
<para revision="281802" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
support for building &os;/&arch.arm64; virtual machine and
memory stick installation images.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</article>
