diff options
| author | Xin LI <delphij@FreeBSD.org> | 2022-09-05 23:57:47 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Xin LI <delphij@FreeBSD.org> | 2022-09-05 23:57:47 +0000 |
| commit | 2b6624fffa5fac26d860898ddb335f852cfeb6b5 (patch) | |
| tree | 92ea041c05c83c1d599faa43240614ba6329c977 /less.man | |
| parent | 1f8b3bb911e37330e00dab1b1e6cba65c573e63c (diff) | |
| download | src-2b6624fffa5fac26d860898ddb335f852cfeb6b5.tar.gz src-2b6624fffa5fac26d860898ddb335f852cfeb6b5.zip | |
Vendor import of less v608.vendor/less/v608
Diffstat (limited to 'less.man')
| -rw-r--r-- | less.man | 604 |
1 files changed, 332 insertions, 272 deletions
@@ -117,10 +117,13 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) which is growing while it is being viewed. (The behavior is similar to the "tail -f" command.) To stop waiting for more data, enter the interrupt character (usually ^C). On some sys- - tems you can also use ^X. + tems you can also use ^X. If the input is a pipe and the + --exit-follow-on-close option is in effect, [4mless[24m will automati- + cally stop waiting for data when the input side of the pipe is + closed. - ESC-F Like F, but as soon as a line is found which matches the last - search pattern, the terminal bell is rung and forward scrolling + ESC-F Like F, but as soon as a line is found which matches the last + search pattern, the terminal bell is rung and forward scrolling stops. g or < or ESC-< @@ -128,12 +131,12 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) ing: this may be slow if N is large.) G or > or ESC-> - Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file. (Warn- - ing: this may be slow if N is large, or if N is not specified + Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file. (Warn- + ing: this may be slow if N is large, or if N is not specified and standard input, rather than a file, is being read.) - ESC-G Same as G, except if no number N is specified and the input is - standard input, goes to the last line which is currently + ESC-G Same as G, except if no number N is specified and the input is + standard input, goes to the last line which is currently buffered. p or % Go to a position N percent into the file. N should be between 0 @@ -142,97 +145,98 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) P Go to the line containing byte offset N in the file. { If a left curly bracket appears in the top line displayed on the - screen, the { command will go to the matching right curly - bracket. The matching right curly bracket is positioned on the + screen, the { command will go to the matching right curly + bracket. The matching right curly bracket is positioned on the bottom line of the screen. If there is more than one left curly - bracket on the top line, a number N may be used to specify the + bracket on the top line, a number N may be used to specify the N-th bracket on the line. } If a right curly bracket appears in the bottom line displayed on - the screen, the } command will go to the matching left curly - bracket. The matching left curly bracket is positioned on the - top line of the screen. If there is more than one right curly - bracket on the top line, a number N may be used to specify the - N-th bracket on the line. + the screen, the } command will go to the matching left curly + bracket. The matching left curly bracket is positioned on the + top line of the screen. If there is more than one right curly + bracket on the bottom line, a number N may be used to specify + the N-th bracket on the line. ( Like {, but applies to parentheses rather than curly brackets. ) Like }, but applies to parentheses rather than curly brackets. - [ Like {, but applies to square brackets rather than curly brack- + [ Like {, but applies to square brackets rather than curly brack- ets. - ] Like }, but applies to square brackets rather than curly brack- + ] Like }, but applies to square brackets rather than curly brack- ets. - ESC-^F Followed by two characters, acts like {, but uses the two char- - acters as open and close brackets, respectively. For example, - "ESC ^F < >" could be used to go forward to the > which matches + ESC-^F Followed by two characters, acts like {, but uses the two char- + acters as open and close brackets, respectively. For example, + "ESC ^F < >" could be used to go forward to the > which matches the < in the top displayed line. - ESC-^B Followed by two characters, acts like }, but uses the two char- - acters as open and close brackets, respectively. For example, + ESC-^B Followed by two characters, acts like }, but uses the two char- + acters as open and close brackets, respectively. For example, "ESC ^B < >" could be used to go backward to the < which matches the > in the bottom displayed line. - m Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter, marks the first - displayed line with that letter. If the status column is en- - abled via the -J option, the status column shows the marked + m Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter, marks the first + displayed line with that letter. If the status column is en- + abled via the -J option, the status column shows the marked line. - M Acts like m, except the last displayed line is marked rather + M Acts like m, except the last displayed line is marked rather than the first displayed line. - ' (Single quote.) Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter, - returns to the position which was previously marked with that - letter. Followed by another single quote, returns to the posi- - tion at which the last "large" movement command was executed. - Followed by a ^ or $, jumps to the beginning or end of the file - respectively. Marks are preserved when a new file is examined, + ' (Single quote.) Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter, + returns to the position which was previously marked with that + letter. Followed by another single quote, returns to the posi- + tion at which the last "large" movement command was executed. + Followed by a ^ or $, jumps to the beginning or end of the file + respectively. Marks are preserved when a new file is examined, so the ' command can be used to switch between input files. ^X^X Same as single quote. - ESC-m Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter, clears the mark + ESC-m Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter, clears the mark identified by that letter. /pattern Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pat- tern. N defaults to 1. The pattern is a regular expression, as - recognized by the regular expression library supplied by your - system. The search starts at the first line displayed (but see + recognized by the regular expression library supplied by your + system. The search starts at the first line displayed (but see the -a and -j options, which change this). - Certain characters are special if entered at the beginning of - the pattern; they modify the type of search rather than become + Certain characters are special if entered at the beginning of + the pattern; they modify the type of search rather than become part of the pattern: ^N or ! Search for lines which do NOT match the pattern. ^E or * - Search multiple files. That is, if the search reaches - the END of the current file without finding a match, the - search continues in the next file in the command line + Search multiple files. That is, if the search reaches + the END of the current file without finding a match, the + search continues in the next file in the command line list. ^F or @ - Begin the search at the first line of the FIRST file in - the command line list, regardless of what is currently - displayed on the screen or the settings of the -a or -j + Begin the search at the first line of the FIRST file in + the command line list, regardless of what is currently + displayed on the screen or the settings of the -a or -j options. - ^K Highlight any text which matches the pattern on the cur- + ^K Highlight any text which matches the pattern on the cur- rent screen, but don't move to the first match (KEEP cur- rent position). - ^R Don't interpret regular expression metacharacters; that + ^R Don't interpret regular expression metacharacters; that is, do a simple textual comparison. - ^W WRAP around the current file. That is, if the search - reaches the end of the current file without finding a - match, the search continues from the first line of the - current file up to the line where it started. + ^W WRAP around the current file. That is, if the search + reaches the end of the current file without finding a + match, the search continues from the first line of the + current file up to the line where it started. If the ^W + modifier is set, the ^E modifier is ignored. ?pattern Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the @@ -564,6 +568,8 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) E Errors and informational messages. + H Header lines and columns, set via the --header option. + M Mark letters in the status column. N Line numbers enabled via the -N option. @@ -595,8 +601,8 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) the -u option), not to text using ANSI escape sequences with the -R option. - A lowercase letter may be followed by a + to indicate that both - the normal format change and the specified color should both be + A lowercase letter may be followed by a + to indicate that the + normal format change and the specified color should both be used. For example, -Dug displays underlined text as green with- out underlining; the green color has replaced the usual under- line formatting. But -Du+g displays underlined text as both @@ -636,11 +642,11 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) and the second specifies the background color. Each integer is a value between 0 and 255 inclusive which selects a "CSI 38;5" color value (see - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR_parameters) - If either integer is a "-" or is omitted, the corresponding col- - or is set to that of normal text. On MS-DOS versions of [4mless[24m, - 8-bit color is not supported; instead, decimal values are inter- - preted as 4-bit CHAR_INFO.Attributes values (see + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR) If either + integer is a "-" or is omitted, the corresponding color is set + to that of normal text. On MS-DOS versions of [4mless[24m, 8-bit color + is not supported; instead, decimal values are interpreted as + 4-bit CHAR_INFO.Attributes values (see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/char-info-str). -e or --quit-at-eof @@ -806,7 +812,7 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) -Ph changes the prompt for the help screen. -P= changes the message printed by the = command. -Pw changes the message printed while waiting for data (in the - F command). + "F" command). All prompt strings consist of a sequence of letters and special escape sequences. See the section on PROMPTS for more details. @@ -928,8 +934,10 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) diately following the line previously at the bottom of the screen. Also highlights the target line after a g or p command. The highlight is removed at the next command which causes move- - ment. The entire line is highlighted, unless the -J option is - in effect, in which case only the status column is highlighted. + ment. If the --status-line option is in effect, the entire line + (the width of the screen) is highlighted. Otherwise, only the + text in the line is highlighted, unless the -J option is in ef- + fect, in which case only the status column is highlighted. -W or --HILITE-UNREAD Like -w, but temporarily highlights the first new line after any @@ -997,21 +1005,43 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) calculated if the terminal window is resized, so that the actual scroll remains at the specified fraction of the screen width. + --exit-follow-on-close + When using the "F" command on a pipe, [4mless[24m will automatically + stop waiting for more data when the input side of the pipe is + closed. + --file-size If --file-size is specified, [4mless[24m will determine the size of the file immediately after opening the file. Normally this is not - done, because it can be slow if the input file is large. + done, because it can be slow if the input file is non-seekable + (such as a pipe) and is large. --follow-name Normally, if the input file is renamed while an F command is ex- ecuting, [4mless[24m will continue to display the contents of the orig- - inal file despite its name change. If --follow-name is speci- - fied, during an F command [4mless[24m will periodically attempt to re- + inal file despite its name change. If --follow-name is speci- + fied, during an F command [4mless[24m will periodically attempt to re- open the file by name. If the reopen succeeds and the file is a - different file from the original (which means that a new file - has been created with the same name as the original (now re- + different file from the original (which means that a new file + has been created with the same name as the original (now re- named) file), [4mless[24m will display the contents of that new file. + --header + Sets the number of header lines and columns displayed on the + screen. The value may be of the form "N,M" where N and M are + integers, to set the header lines to N and the header columns to + M, or it may be a single integer "N" which sets the header lines + to N and the header columns to zero. When N is nonzero, the + first N lines at the top of the screen are replaced with the + first N lines of the file, regardless of what part of the file + are being viewed. When M is nonzero, the characters displayed + at the beginning of each line are replaced with the first M + characters of the line, even if the rest of the line is scrolled + horizontally. If either N or M is zero, [4mless[24m stops displaying + header lines or columns, respectively. (Note that it may be + necessary to change the setting of the -j option to ensure that + the target line is not obscured by the header line(s).) + --incsearch Subsequent search commands will be "incremental"; that is, [4mless[0m will advance to the next line containing the search pattern as @@ -1047,20 +1077,46 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) only once in the history list. Normally, a string may appear multiple times. + --no-number-headers + Header lines (defined via the --header option) are not assigned + line numbers. Line number 1 is assigned to the first line after + any header lines. + --rscroll This option changes the character used to mark truncated lines. It may begin with a two-character attribute indicator like LESS- BINFMT does. If there is no attribute indicator, standout is used. If set to "-", truncated lines are not marked. + --redraw-on-quit + When quitting, after sending the terminal deinitialization + string, redraws the entire last screen. On terminals whose ter- + minal deinitialization string causes the terminal to switch from + an alternate screen, this makes the last screenful of the cur- + rent file remain visible after [4mless[24m has quit. + --save-marks Save marks in the history file, so marks are retained across different invocations of [4mless[24m. + --search-options + Sets default search modifiers. The value is a string of one or + more of the characters E, F, K, N, R or W. Setting any of these + has the same effect as typing that control character at the be- + ginning of every search pattern. For example, setting --search- + options=W is the same as typing ^W at the beginning of every + pattern. The value "-" disables all default search modifiers. + --status-col-width Sets the width of the status column when the -J option is in ef- fect. The default is 2 characters. + --status-line + If a line is marked, the entire line (rather than just the sta- + tus column) is highlighted. Also lines highlighted due to the + -w option will have the entire line highlighted. If --use-color + is set, the line is colored rather than highlighted. + --use-backslash This option changes the interpretations of options which follow this one. After the --use-backslash option, any backslash in an @@ -1069,9 +1125,9 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) strings. --use-color - Enables the colored text in various places. The -D option can - be used to change the colors. Colored text works only if the - terminal supports ANSI color escape sequences (as defined in EC- + Enables colored text in various places. The -D option can be + used to change the colors. Colored text works only if the ter- + minal supports ANSI color escape sequences (as defined in EC- MA-48 SGR; see https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and- standards/standards/ecma-48). @@ -1187,68 +1243,69 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) variable LESSKEYIN is set, [4mless[24m uses that as the name of the lesskey source file. Otherwise, [4mless[24m looks in a standard place for the lesskey source file: On Unix systems, [4mless[24m looks for a lesskey file called - "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/lesskey" or "$HOME/.lesskey". On MS-DOS and Windows - systems, [4mless[24m looks for a lesskey file called "$HOME/_lesskey", and if - it is not found there, then looks for a lesskey file called "_lesskey" - in any directory specified in the PATH environment variable. On OS/2 - systems, [4mless[24m looks for a lesskey file called "$HOME/lesskey.ini", and - if it is not found, then looks for a lesskey file called "lesskey.ini" - in any directory specified in the INIT environment variable, and if it - not found there, then looks for a lesskey file called "lesskey.ini" in - any directory specified in the PATH environment variable. See the - [4mlesskey[24m manual page for more details. - - A system-wide lesskey source file may also be set up to provide key - bindings. If a key is defined in both a local lesskey file and in the - system-wide file, key bindings in the local file take precedence over - those in the system-wide file. If the environment variable - LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM is set, [4mless[24m uses that as the name of the system-wide - lesskey file. Otherwise, [4mless[24m looks in a standard place for the sys- + "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/lesskey" or "$HOME/.config/lesskey" or + "$HOME/.lesskey". On MS-DOS and Windows systems, [4mless[24m looks for a + lesskey file called "$HOME/_lesskey", and if it is not found there, + then looks for a lesskey file called "_lesskey" in any directory speci- + fied in the PATH environment variable. On OS/2 systems, [4mless[24m looks for + a lesskey file called "$HOME/lesskey.ini", and if it is not found, then + looks for a lesskey file called "lesskey.ini" in any directory speci- + fied in the INIT environment variable, and if it not found there, then + looks for a lesskey file called "lesskey.ini" in any directory speci- + fied in the PATH environment variable. See the [4mlesskey[24m manual page for + more details. + + A system-wide lesskey source file may also be set up to provide key + bindings. If a key is defined in both a local lesskey file and in the + system-wide file, key bindings in the local file take precedence over + those in the system-wide file. If the environment variable + LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM is set, [4mless[24m uses that as the name of the system-wide + lesskey file. Otherwise, [4mless[24m looks in a standard place for the sys- tem-wide lesskey file: On Unix systems, the system-wide lesskey file is - /usr/local/etc/syslesskey. (However, if [4mless[24m was built with a differ- - ent sysconf directory than /usr/local/etc, that directory is where the + /usr/local/etc/syslesskey. (However, if [4mless[24m was built with a differ- + ent sysconf directory than /usr/local/etc, that directory is where the sysless file is found.) On MS-DOS and Windows systems, the system-wide - lesskey file is c:\_syslesskey. On OS/2 systems, the system-wide + lesskey file is c:\_syslesskey. On OS/2 systems, the system-wide lesskey file is c:\syslesskey.ini. Previous versions of [4mless[24m (before v582) used lesskey files with a bina- - ry format, produced by the [4mlesskey[24m program. It is no longer necessary + ry format, produced by the [4mlesskey[24m program. It is no longer necessary to use the [4mlesskey[24m program. [1mINPUT PREPROCESSOR[0m - You may define an "input preprocessor" for [4mless[24m. Before [4mless[24m opens a + You may define an "input preprocessor" for [4mless[24m. Before [4mless[24m opens a file, it first gives your input preprocessor a chance to modify the way - the contents of the file are displayed. An input preprocessor is sim- - ply an executable program (or shell script), which writes the contents + the contents of the file are displayed. An input preprocessor is sim- + ply an executable program (or shell script), which writes the contents of the file to a different file, called the replacement file. The con- - tents of the replacement file are then displayed in place of the con- - tents of the original file. However, it will appear to the user as if - the original file is opened; that is, [4mless[24m will display the original + tents of the replacement file are then displayed in place of the con- + tents of the original file. However, it will appear to the user as if + the original file is opened; that is, [4mless[24m will display the original filename as the name of the current file. - An input preprocessor receives one command line argument, the original - filename, as entered by the user. It should create the replacement - file, and when finished, print the name of the replacement file to its - standard output. If the input preprocessor does not output a replace- - ment filename, [4mless[24m uses the original file, as normal. The input pre- - processor is not called when viewing standard input. To set up an in- - put preprocessor, set the LESSOPEN environment variable to a command - line which will invoke your input preprocessor. This command line - should include one occurrence of the string "%s", which will be re- + An input preprocessor receives one command line argument, the original + filename, as entered by the user. It should create the replacement + file, and when finished, print the name of the replacement file to its + standard output. If the input preprocessor does not output a replace- + ment filename, [4mless[24m uses the original file, as normal. The input pre- + processor is not called when viewing standard input. To set up an in- + put preprocessor, set the LESSOPEN environment variable to a command + line which will invoke your input preprocessor. This command line + should include one occurrence of the string "%s", which will be re- placed by the filename when the input preprocessor command is invoked. When [4mless[24m closes a file opened in such a way, it will call another pro- - gram, called the input postprocessor, which may perform any desired - clean-up action (such as deleting the replacement file created by + gram, called the input postprocessor, which may perform any desired + clean-up action (such as deleting the replacement file created by LESSOPEN). This program receives two command line arguments, the orig- - inal filename as entered by the user, and the name of the replacement - file. To set up an input postprocessor, set the LESSCLOSE environment - variable to a command line which will invoke your input postprocessor. - It may include two occurrences of the string "%s"; the first is re- - placed with the original name of the file and the second with the name + inal filename as entered by the user, and the name of the replacement + file. To set up an input postprocessor, set the LESSCLOSE environment + variable to a command line which will invoke your input postprocessor. + It may include two occurrences of the string "%s"; the first is re- + placed with the original name of the file and the second with the name of the replacement file, which was output by LESSOPEN. - For example, on many Unix systems, these two scripts will allow you to + For example, on many Unix systems, these two scripts will allow you to keep files in compressed format, but still let [4mless[24m view them directly: lessopen.sh: @@ -1268,27 +1325,27 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) #! /bin/sh rm $2 - To use these scripts, put them both where they can be executed and set + To use these scripts, put them both where they can be executed and set LESSOPEN="lessopen.sh %s", and LESSCLOSE="lessclose.sh %s %s". More - complex LESSOPEN and LESSCLOSE scripts may be written to accept other + complex LESSOPEN and LESSCLOSE scripts may be written to accept other types of compressed files, and so on. - It is also possible to set up an input preprocessor to pipe the file - data directly to [4mless[24m, rather than putting the data into a replacement + It is also possible to set up an input preprocessor to pipe the file + data directly to [4mless[24m, rather than putting the data into a replacement file. This avoids the need to decompress the entire file before start- ing to view it. An input preprocessor that works this way is called an - input pipe. An input pipe, instead of writing the name of a replace- + input pipe. An input pipe, instead of writing the name of a replace- ment file on its standard output, writes the entire contents of the re- - placement file on its standard output. If the input pipe does not - write any characters on its standard output, then there is no replace- - ment file and [4mless[24m uses the original file, as normal. To use an input - pipe, make the first character in the LESSOPEN environment variable a - vertical bar (|) to signify that the input preprocessor is an input - pipe. As with non-pipe input preprocessors, the command string must - contain one occurrence of %s, which is replaced with the filename of + placement file on its standard output. If the input pipe does not + write any characters on its standard output, then there is no replace- + ment file and [4mless[24m uses the original file, as normal. To use an input + pipe, make the first character in the LESSOPEN environment variable a + vertical bar (|) to signify that the input preprocessor is an input + pipe. As with non-pipe input preprocessors, the command string must + contain one occurrence of %s, which is replaced with the filename of the input file. - For example, on many Unix systems, this script will work like the pre- + For example, on many Unix systems, this script will work like the pre- vious example scripts: lesspipe.sh: @@ -1305,29 +1362,29 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s". Note that a preprocessor cannot output an empty file, since that is in- - terpreted as meaning there is no replacement, and the original file is - used. To avoid this, if LESSOPEN starts with two vertical bars, the - exit status of the script becomes meaningful. If the exit status is - zero, the output is considered to be replacement text, even if it is - empty. If the exit status is nonzero, any output is ignored and the - original file is used. For compatibility with previous versions of - [4mless[24m, if LESSOPEN starts with only one vertical bar, the exit status of - the preprocessor is ignored. - - When an input pipe is used, a LESSCLOSE postprocessor can be used, but + terpreted as meaning there is no replacement, and the original file is + used. To avoid this, if LESSOPEN starts with two vertical bars, the + exit status of the script determines the behavior when the output is + empty. If the output is empty and the exit status is zero, the empty + output is considered to be replacement text. If the output is empty + and the exit status is nonzero, the original file is used. For compat- + ibility with previous versions of [4mless[24m, if LESSOPEN starts with only + one vertical bar, the exit status of the preprocessor is ignored. + + When an input pipe is used, a LESSCLOSE postprocessor can be used, but it is usually not necessary since there is no replacement file to clean - up. In this case, the replacement file name passed to the LESSCLOSE + up. In this case, the replacement file name passed to the LESSCLOSE postprocessor is "-". - For compatibility with previous versions of [4mless[24m, the input preproces- + For compatibility with previous versions of [4mless[24m, the input preproces- sor or pipe is not used if [4mless[24m is viewing standard input. However, if - the first character of LESSOPEN is a dash (-), the input preprocessor - is used on standard input as well as other files. In this case, the - dash is not considered to be part of the preprocessor command. If + the first character of LESSOPEN is a dash (-), the input preprocessor + is used on standard input as well as other files. In this case, the + dash is not considered to be part of the preprocessor command. If standard input is being viewed, the input preprocessor is passed a file - name consisting of a single dash. Similarly, if the first two charac- - ters of LESSOPEN are vertical bar and dash (|-) or two vertical bars - and a dash (||-), the input pipe is used on standard input as well as + name consisting of a single dash. Similarly, if the first two charac- + ters of LESSOPEN are vertical bar and dash (|-) or two vertical bars + and a dash (||-), the input pipe is used on standard input as well as other files. Again, in this case the dash is not considered to be part of the input pipe command. @@ -1338,25 +1395,25 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) can be displayed directly to the screen. control characters - should not be displayed directly, but are expected to be found + should not be displayed directly, but are expected to be found in ordinary text files (such as backspace and tab). binary characters - should not be displayed directly and are not expected to be + should not be displayed directly and are not expected to be found in text files. A "character set" is simply a description of which characters are to be - considered normal, control, and binary. The LESSCHARSET environment - variable may be used to select a character set. Possible values for + considered normal, control, and binary. The LESSCHARSET environment + variable may be used to select a character set. Possible values for LESSCHARSET are: - ascii BS, TAB, NL, CR, and formfeed are control characters, all chars - with values between 32 and 126 are normal, and all others are + ascii BS, TAB, NL, CR, and formfeed are control characters, all chars + with values between 32 and 126 are normal, and all others are binary. iso8859 - Selects an ISO 8859 character set. This is the same as ASCII, - except characters between 160 and 255 are treated as normal + Selects an ISO 8859 character set. This is the same as ASCII, + except characters between 160 and 255 are treated as normal characters. latin1 Same as iso8859. @@ -1368,8 +1425,8 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) ebcdic Selects an EBCDIC character set. IBM-1047 - Selects an EBCDIC character set used by OS/390 Unix Services. - This is the EBCDIC analogue of latin1. You get similar results + Selects an EBCDIC character set used by OS/390 Unix Services. + This is the EBCDIC analogue of latin1. You get similar results by setting either LESSCHARSET=IBM-1047 or LC_CTYPE=en_US in your environment. @@ -1377,29 +1434,29 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) next Selects a character set appropriate for NeXT computers. - utf-8 Selects the UTF-8 encoding of the ISO 10646 character set. - UTF-8 is special in that it supports multi-byte characters in + utf-8 Selects the UTF-8 encoding of the ISO 10646 character set. + UTF-8 is special in that it supports multi-byte characters in the input file. It is the only character set that supports mul- ti-byte characters. windows - Selects a character set appropriate for Microsoft Windows (cp + Selects a character set appropriate for Microsoft Windows (cp 1251). - In rare cases, it may be desired to tailor [4mless[24m to use a character set - other than the ones definable by LESSCHARSET. In this case, the envi- + In rare cases, it may be desired to tailor [4mless[24m to use a character set + other than the ones definable by LESSCHARSET. In this case, the envi- ronment variable LESSCHARDEF can be used to define a character set. It should be set to a string where each character in the string represents - one character in the character set. The character "." is used for a - normal character, "c" for control, and "b" for binary. A decimal num- - ber may be used for repetition. For example, "bccc4b." would mean - character 0 is binary, 1, 2 and 3 are control, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are bina- + one character in the character set. The character "." is used for a + normal character, "c" for control, and "b" for binary. A decimal num- + ber may be used for repetition. For example, "bccc4b." would mean + character 0 is binary, 1, 2 and 3 are control, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are bina- ry, and 8 is normal. All characters after the last are taken to be the - same as the last, so characters 9 through 255 would be normal. (This - is an example, and does not necessarily represent any real character + same as the last, so characters 9 through 255 would be normal. (This + is an example, and does not necessarily represent any real character set.) - This table shows the value of LESSCHARDEF which is equivalent to each + This table shows the value of LESSCHARDEF which is equivalent to each of the possible values for LESSCHARSET: ascii 8bcccbcc18b95.b @@ -1413,65 +1470,65 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) latin1 8bcccbcc18b95.33b. next 8bcccbcc18b95.bb125.bb - If neither LESSCHARSET nor LESSCHARDEF is set, but any of the strings - "UTF-8", "UTF8", "utf-8" or "utf8" is found in the LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE or + If neither LESSCHARSET nor LESSCHARDEF is set, but any of the strings + "UTF-8", "UTF8", "utf-8" or "utf8" is found in the LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE or LANG environment variables, then the default character set is utf-8. If that string is not found, but your system supports the [4msetlocale[24m in- - terface, [4mless[24m will use setlocale to determine the character set. set- - locale is controlled by setting the LANG or LC_CTYPE environment vari- + terface, [4mless[24m will use setlocale to determine the character set. set- + locale is controlled by setting the LANG or LC_CTYPE environment vari- ables. - Finally, if the [4msetlocale[24m interface is also not available, the default + Finally, if the [4msetlocale[24m interface is also not available, the default character set is latin1. - Control and binary characters are displayed in standout (reverse + Control and binary characters are displayed in standout (reverse video). Each such character is displayed in caret notation if possible - (e.g. ^A for control-A). Caret notation is used only if inverting the + (e.g. ^A for control-A). Caret notation is used only if inverting the 0100 bit results in a normal printable character. Otherwise, the char- - acter is displayed as a hex number in angle brackets. This format can - be changed by setting the LESSBINFMT environment variable. LESSBINFMT + acter is displayed as a hex number in angle brackets. This format can + be changed by setting the LESSBINFMT environment variable. LESSBINFMT may begin with a "*" and one character to select the display attribute: - "*k" is blinking, "*d" is bold, "*u" is underlined, "*s" is standout, - and "*n" is normal. If LESSBINFMT does not begin with a "*", normal - attribute is assumed. The remainder of LESSBINFMT is a string which - may include one printf-style escape sequence (a % followed by x, X, o, - d, etc.). For example, if LESSBINFMT is "*u[%x]", binary characters - are displayed in underlined hexadecimal surrounded by brackets. The - default if no LESSBINFMT is specified is "*s<%02X>". Warning: the re- - sult of expanding the character via LESSBINFMT must be less than 31 + "*k" is blinking, "*d" is bold, "*u" is underlined, "*s" is standout, + and "*n" is normal. If LESSBINFMT does not begin with a "*", normal + attribute is assumed. The remainder of LESSBINFMT is a string which + may include one printf-style escape sequence (a % followed by x, X, o, + d, etc.). For example, if LESSBINFMT is "*u[%x]", binary characters + are displayed in underlined hexadecimal surrounded by brackets. The + default if no LESSBINFMT is specified is "*s<%02X>". Warning: the re- + sult of expanding the character via LESSBINFMT must be less than 31 characters. When the character set is utf-8, the LESSUTFBINFMT environment variable acts similarly to LESSBINFMT but it applies to Unicode code points that - were successfully decoded but are unsuitable for display (e.g., unas- - signed code points). Its default value is "<U+%04lX>". Note that - LESSUTFBINFMT and LESSBINFMT share their display attribute setting - ("*x") so specifying one will affect both; LESSUTFBINFMT is read after - LESSBINFMT so its setting, if any, will have priority. Problematic - octets in a UTF-8 file (octets of a truncated sequence, octets of a - complete but non-shortest form sequence, invalid octets, and stray - trailing octets) are displayed individually using LESSBINFMT so as to + were successfully decoded but are unsuitable for display (e.g., unas- + signed code points). Its default value is "<U+%04lX>". Note that + LESSUTFBINFMT and LESSBINFMT share their display attribute setting + ("*x") so specifying one will affect both; LESSUTFBINFMT is read after + LESSBINFMT so its setting, if any, will have priority. Problematic + octets in a UTF-8 file (octets of a truncated sequence, octets of a + complete but non-shortest form sequence, invalid octets, and stray + trailing octets) are displayed individually using LESSBINFMT so as to facilitate diagnostic of how the UTF-8 file is ill-formed. [1mPROMPTS[0m - The -P option allows you to tailor the prompt to your preference. The - string given to the -P option replaces the specified prompt string. + The -P option allows you to tailor the prompt to your preference. The + string given to the -P option replaces the specified prompt string. Certain characters in the string are interpreted specially. The prompt - mechanism is rather complicated to provide flexibility, but the ordi- - nary user need not understand the details of constructing personalized + mechanism is rather complicated to provide flexibility, but the ordi- + nary user need not understand the details of constructing personalized prompt strings. - A percent sign followed by a single character is expanded according to + A percent sign followed by a single character is expanded according to what the following character is: - %b[4mX[24m Replaced by the byte offset into the current input file. The b + %b[4mX[24m Replaced by the byte offset into the current input file. The b is followed by a single character (shown as [4mX[24m above) which spec- - ifies the line whose byte offset is to be used. If the charac- - ter is a "t", the byte offset of the top line in the display is + ifies the line whose byte offset is to be used. If the charac- + ter is a "t", the byte offset of the top line in the display is used, an "m" means use the middle line, a "b" means use the bot- - tom line, a "B" means use the line just after the bottom line, - and a "j" means use the "target" line, as specified by the -j + tom line, a "B" means use the line just after the bottom line, + and a "j" means use the "target" line, as specified by the -j option. %B Replaced by the size of the current input file. @@ -1479,50 +1536,50 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) %c Replaced by the column number of the text appearing in the first column of the screen. - %d[4mX[24m Replaced by the page number of a line in the input file. The + %d[4mX[24m Replaced by the page number of a line in the input file. The line to be used is determined by the [4mX[24m, as with the %b option. - %D Replaced by the number of pages in the input file, or equiva- + %D Replaced by the number of pages in the input file, or equiva- lently, the page number of the last line in the input file. - %E Replaced by the name of the editor (from the VISUAL environment - variable, or the EDITOR environment variable if VISUAL is not + %E Replaced by the name of the editor (from the VISUAL environment + variable, or the EDITOR environment variable if VISUAL is not defined). See the discussion of the LESSEDIT feature below. %f Replaced by the name of the current input file. - %F Replaced by the last component of the name of the current input + %F Replaced by the last component of the name of the current input file. - %g Replaced by the shell-escaped name of the current input file. - This is useful when the expanded string will be used in a shell + %g Replaced by the shell-escaped name of the current input file. + This is useful when the expanded string will be used in a shell command, such as in LESSEDIT. - %i Replaced by the index of the current file in the list of input + %i Replaced by the index of the current file in the list of input files. - %l[4mX[24m Replaced by the line number of a line in the input file. The + %l[4mX[24m Replaced by the line number of a line in the input file. The line to be used is determined by the [4mX[24m, as with the %b option. %L Replaced by the line number of the last line in the input file. %m Replaced by the total number of input files. - %p[4mX[24m Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on - byte offsets. The line used is determined by the [4mX[24m as with the + %p[4mX[24m Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on + byte offsets. The line used is determined by the [4mX[24m as with the %b option. - %P[4mX[24m Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on - line numbers. The line used is determined by the [4mX[24m as with the + %P[4mX[24m Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on + line numbers. The line used is determined by the [4mX[24m as with the %b option. %s Same as %B. - %t Causes any trailing spaces to be removed. Usually used at the + %t Causes any trailing spaces to be removed. Usually used at the end of the string, but may appear anywhere. - %T Normally expands to the word "file". However if viewing files - via a tags list using the -t option, it expands to the word + %T Normally expands to the word "file". However if viewing files + via a tags list using the -t option, it expands to the word "tag". %x Replaced by the name of the next input file in the list. @@ -1530,15 +1587,15 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) If any item is unknown (for example, the file size if input is a pipe), a question mark is printed instead. - The format of the prompt string can be changed depending on certain - conditions. A question mark followed by a single character acts like - an "IF": depending on the following character, a condition is evaluat- - ed. If the condition is true, any characters following the question - mark and condition character, up to a period, are included in the - prompt. If the condition is false, such characters are not included. - A colon appearing between the question mark and the period can be used + The format of the prompt string can be changed depending on certain + conditions. A question mark followed by a single character acts like + an "IF": depending on the following character, a condition is evaluat- + ed. If the condition is true, any characters following the question + mark and condition character, up to a period, are included in the + prompt. If the condition is false, such characters are not included. + A colon appearing between the question mark and the period can be used to establish an "ELSE": any characters between the colon and the period - are included in the string if and only if the IF condition is false. + are included in the string if and only if the IF condition is false. Condition characters (which follow a question mark) may be: ?a True if any characters have been included in the prompt so far. @@ -1553,7 +1610,7 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) ?e True if at end-of-file. - ?f True if there is an input filename (that is, if input is not a + ?f True if there is an input filename (that is, if input is not a pipe). ?l[4mX[24m True if the line number of the specified line is known. @@ -1564,45 +1621,45 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) ?n True if this is the first prompt in a new input file. - ?p[4mX[24m True if the percent into the current input file, based on byte + ?p[4mX[24m True if the percent into the current input file, based on byte offsets, of the specified line is known. - ?P[4mX[24m True if the percent into the current input file, based on line + ?P[4mX[24m True if the percent into the current input file, based on line numbers, of the specified line is known. ?s Same as "?B". - ?x True if there is a next input file (that is, if the current in- + ?x True if there is a next input file (that is, if the current in- put file is not the last one). Any characters other than the special ones (question mark, colon, peri- - od, percent, and backslash) become literally part of the prompt. Any - of the special characters may be included in the prompt literally by + od, percent, and backslash) become literally part of the prompt. Any + of the special characters may be included in the prompt literally by preceding it with a backslash. Some examples: ?f%f:Standard input. - This prompt prints the filename, if known; otherwise the string "Stan- + This prompt prints the filename, if known; otherwise the string "Stan- dard input". ?f%f .?ltLine %lt:?pt%pt\%:?btByte %bt:-... - This prompt would print the filename, if known. The filename is fol- - lowed by the line number, if known, otherwise the percent if known, + This prompt would print the filename, if known. The filename is fol- + lowed by the line number, if known, otherwise the percent if known, otherwise the byte offset if known. Otherwise, a dash is printed. No- - tice how each question mark has a matching period, and how the % after + tice how each question mark has a matching period, and how the % after the %pt is included literally by escaping it with a backslash. ?n?f%f .?m(%T %i of %m) ..?e(END) ?x- Next\: %x..%t"; - This prints the filename if this is the first prompt in a file, fol- - lowed by the "file N of N" message if there is more than one input - file. Then, if we are at end-of-file, the string "(END)" is printed - followed by the name of the next file, if there is one. Finally, any + This prints the filename if this is the first prompt in a file, fol- + lowed by the "file N of N" message if there is more than one input + file. Then, if we are at end-of-file, the string "(END)" is printed + followed by the name of the next file, if there is one. Finally, any trailing spaces are truncated. This is the default prompt. For refer- - ence, here are the defaults for the other two prompts (-m and -M re- + ence, here are the defaults for the other two prompts (-m and -M re- spectively). Each is broken into two lines here for readability only. ?n?f%f .?m(%T %i of %m) ..?e(END) ?x- Next\: %x.: @@ -1616,22 +1673,22 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) ?f%f .?m(%T %i of %m) .?ltlines %lt-%lb?L/%L. . byte %bB?s/%s. ?e(END) :?pB%pB\%..%t - The prompt expansion features are also used for another purpose: if an - environment variable LESSEDIT is defined, it is used as the command to - be executed when the v command is invoked. The LESSEDIT string is ex- - panded in the same way as the prompt strings. The default value for + The prompt expansion features are also used for another purpose: if an + environment variable LESSEDIT is defined, it is used as the command to + be executed when the v command is invoked. The LESSEDIT string is ex- + panded in the same way as the prompt strings. The default value for LESSEDIT is: %E ?lm+%lm. %g Note that this expands to the editor name, followed by a + and the line - number, followed by the shell-escaped file name. If your editor does - not accept the "+linenumber" syntax, or has other differences in invo- - cation syntax, the LESSEDIT variable can be changed to modify this de- + number, followed by the shell-escaped file name. If your editor does + not accept the "+linenumber" syntax, or has other differences in invo- + cation syntax, the LESSEDIT variable can be changed to modify this de- fault. [1mSECURITY[0m - When the environment variable LESSSECURE is set to 1, [4mless[24m runs in a + When the environment variable LESSSECURE is set to 1, [4mless[24m runs in a "secure" mode. This means these features are disabled: ! the shell command @@ -1652,56 +1709,58 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) filename completion (TAB, ^L) + history file + Less can also be compiled to be permanently in "secure" mode. [1mCOMPATIBILITY WITH MORE[0m If the environment variable LESS_IS_MORE is set to 1, or if the program - is invoked via a file link named "more", [4mless[24m behaves (mostly) in con- - formance with the POSIX "more" command specification. In this mode, + is invoked via a file link named "more", [4mless[24m behaves (mostly) in con- + formance with the POSIX "more" command specification. In this mode, less behaves differently in these ways: The -e option works differently. If the -e option is not set, [4mless[24m be- - haves as if the -e option were set. If the -e option is set, [4mless[24m be- + haves as if the -e option were set. If the -e option is set, [4mless[24m be- haves as if the -E option were set. - The -m option works differently. If the -m option is not set, the - medium prompt is used, and it is prefixed with the string "--More--". + The -m option works differently. If the -m option is not set, the + medium prompt is used, and it is prefixed with the string "--More--". If the -m option is set, the short prompt is used. - The -n option acts like the -z option. The normal behavior of the -n + The -n option acts like the -z option. The normal behavior of the -n option is unavailable in this mode. - The parameter to the -p option is taken to be a [4mless[24m command rather + The parameter to the -p option is taken to be a [4mless[24m command rather than a search pattern. - The LESS environment variable is ignored, and the MORE environment + The LESS environment variable is ignored, and the MORE environment variable is used in its place. [1mENVIRONMENT VARIABLES[0m Environment variables may be specified either in the system environment - as usual, or in a [4mlesskey[24m(1) file. If environment variables are de- + as usual, or in a [4mlesskey[24m(1) file. If environment variables are de- fined in more than one place, variables defined in a local lesskey file take precedence over variables defined in the system environment, which take precedence over variables defined in the system-wide lesskey file. COLUMNS Sets the number of columns on the screen. Takes precedence over - the number of columns specified by the TERM variable. (But if + the number of columns specified by the TERM variable. (But if you have a windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or - WIOCGETD, the window system's idea of the screen size takes + WIOCGETD, the window system's idea of the screen size takes precedence over the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.) EDITOR The name of the editor (used for the v command). - HOME Name of the user's home directory (used to find a lesskey file + HOME Name of the user's home directory (used to find a lesskey file on Unix and OS/2 systems). HOMEDRIVE, HOMEPATH - Concatenation of the HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH environment vari- + Concatenation of the HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH environment vari- ables is the name of the user's home directory if the HOME vari- able is not set (only in the Windows version). - INIT Name of the user's init directory (used to find a lesskey file + INIT Name of the user's init directory (used to find a lesskey file on OS/2 systems). LANG Language for determining the character set. @@ -1712,12 +1771,12 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) LESS Options which are passed to [4mless[24m automatically. LESSANSIENDCHARS - Characters which may end an ANSI color escape sequence (default + Characters which may end an ANSI color escape sequence (default "m"). LESSANSIMIDCHARS - Characters which may appear between the ESC character and the - end character in an ANSI color escape sequence (default + Characters which may appear between the ESC character and the + end character in an ANSI color escape sequence (default "0123456789:;[?!"'#%()*+ ". LESSBINFMT @@ -1734,22 +1793,23 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) LESSECHO Name of the lessecho program (default "lessecho"). The lessecho - program is needed to expand metacharacters, such as * and ?, in + program is needed to expand metacharacters, such as * and ?, in filenames on Unix systems. LESSEDIT - Editor prototype string (used for the v command). See discus- + Editor prototype string (used for the v command). See discus- sion under PROMPTS. LESSGLOBALTAGS - Name of the command used by the -t option to find global tags. - Normally should be set to "global" if your system has the [4mglob-[0m + Name of the command used by the -t option to find global tags. + Normally should be set to "global" if your system has the [4mglob-[0m [4mal[24m(1) command. If not set, global tags are not used. LESSHISTFILE - Name of the history file used to remember search commands and - shell commands between invocations of [4mless[24m. If set to "-" or - "/dev/null", a history file is not used. The default is + Name of the history file used to remember search commands and + shell commands between invocations of [4mless[24m. If set to "-" or + "/dev/null", a history file is not used. The default is + "$XDG_STATE_HOME/lesshst" or "$HOME/.local/state/lesshst" or "$XDG_DATA_HOME/lesshst" or "$HOME/.lesshst" on Unix systems, "$HOME/_lesshst" on DOS and Windows systems, or "$HOME/lesshst.ini" or "$INIT/lesshst.ini" on OS/2 systems. @@ -1821,7 +1881,7 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) [1mlesskey[22m(1) [1mCOPYRIGHT[0m - Copyright (C) 1984-2021 Mark Nudelman + Copyright (C) 1984-2022 Mark Nudelman less is part of the GNU project and is free software. You can redis- tribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either (1) the GNU Gen- @@ -1846,4 +1906,4 @@ LESS(1) General Commands Manual LESS(1) - Version 590: 03 Jun 2021 LESS(1) + Version 608: 22 Jul 2022 LESS(1) |