BSD 4.4 Lite sbin Sources

Note:  XNSrouted and routed NOT imported here, they shall be imported with
usr.sbin.

280 files changed, 65629 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sbin/Makefile b/sbin/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..919fba6dec9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.5 (Berkeley) 3/31/94
+
+SUBDIR=	XNSrouted badsect clri disklabel dmesg dump dumpfs dumplfs fastboot \
+	fsck fsdb icheck ifconfig init mknod mount mount_cd9660 mount_fdesc \
+	mount_kernfs mount_lfs mount_nfs mount_null mount_portal \
+	mount_procfs mount_umap mount_union mountd ncheck newfs newlfs nfsd \
+	nfsiod nologin ping quotacheck reboot restore route routed savecore \
+	scsiformat shutdown slattach startslip swapon tunefs umount
+
+.include <bsd.subdir.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/Makefile.inc b/sbin/Makefile.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..79c318e633f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/Makefile.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile.inc	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+
+BINDIR?=	/sbin
diff --git a/sbin/badsect/Makefile b/sbin/badsect/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ff9f4f1d22cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/badsect/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+
+PROG=	badsect
+MAN8=	badsect.0
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/badsect/badsect.8 b/sbin/badsect/badsect.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..840011d00225
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/badsect/badsect.8
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)badsect.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 5, 1993
+.Dt BADSECT 8
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm badsect
+.Nd create files to contain bad sectors
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm /etc/badsect
+.Ar bbdir sector ...
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm Badsect
+makes a file to contain a bad sector.  Normally, bad sectors
+are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides
+a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver; see
+.Xr bad144 8
+for details.
+If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to
+use that method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding
+makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be copied with
+.Xr dd 1 .
+The technique used by this program is also less general than
+bad block forwarding, as
+.Nm badsect
+can't make amends for
+bad blocks in the i-list of file systems or in swap areas.
+.Pp
+On some disks,
+adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the bad sector table
+currently requires the running of the standard
+.Tn DEC
+formatter.
+Thus to deal with a newly bad block
+or on disks where the drivers
+do not support the bad-blocking standard 
+.Nm badsect
+may be used to good effect.
+.Pp
+.Nm Badsect
+is used on a quiet file system in the following way:
+First mount the file system, and change to its root directory.
+Make a directory
+.Li BAD
+there.  Run
+.Nm badsect
+giving as argument the
+.Ar BAD
+directory followed by
+all the bad sectors you wish to add.
+(The sector numbers must be relative to the beginning of
+the file system, but this is not hard as the system reports
+relative sector numbers in its console error messages.)
+Then change back to the root directory, unmount the file system
+and run
+.Xr fsck 8
+on the file system.  The bad sectors should show up in two files
+or in the bad sector files and the free list.  Have
+.Xr fsck
+remove files containing the offending bad sectors, but 
+.Em do not
+have it remove the
+.Pa BAD/ Ns Em nnnnn
+files.
+This will leave the bad sectors in only the
+.Li BAD
+files.
+.Pp
+.Nm Badsect
+works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
+.Xr mknod 2
+system call,
+creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block containing
+bad sector and whose name is the bad sector number.
+When it is discovered by 
+.Xr fsck
+it will ask
+.Dq Li "HOLD BAD BLOCK ?"
+A positive response will cause 
+.Xr fsck
+to convert the inode to a regular file containing the bad block.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr bad144 8 ,
+.Xr fsck 8 ,
+.Xr format 8
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+.Nm Badsect
+refuses to attach a block that
+resides in a critical area or is out of range of the file system.
+A warning is issued if the block is already in use.
+.Sh BUGS
+If more than one sector which comprise a file system fragment are bad,
+you should specify only one of them to
+.Nm badsect ,
+as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover all the sectors in a
+file system fragment.
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+command appeared in
+.Bx 4.1 .
diff --git a/sbin/badsect/badsect.c b/sbin/badsect/badsect.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fa978b10a79f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/badsect/badsect.c
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1981, 1983, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1981, 1983, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)badsect.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+/*
+ * badsect
+ *
+ * Badsect takes a list of file-system relative sector numbers
+ * and makes files containing the blocks of which these sectors are a part.
+ * It can be used to contain sectors which have problems if these sectors
+ * are not part of the bad file for the pack (see bad144).  For instance,
+ * this program can be used if the driver for the file system in question
+ * does not support bad block forwarding.
+ */
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/dir.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <paths.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+union {
+	struct	fs fs;
+	char	fsx[SBSIZE];
+} ufs;
+#define sblock	ufs.fs
+union {
+	struct	cg cg;
+	char	cgx[MAXBSIZE];
+} ucg;
+#define	acg	ucg.cg
+struct	fs *fs;
+int	fso, fsi;
+int	errs;
+long	dev_bsize = 1;
+
+char buf[MAXBSIZE];
+
+void	rdfs __P((daddr_t, int, char *));
+int	chkuse __P((daddr_t, int));
+
+int
+main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char *argv[];
+{
+	daddr_t number;
+	struct stat stbuf, devstat;
+	register struct direct *dp;
+	DIR *dirp;
+	char name[BUFSIZ];
+
+	if (argc < 3) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: badsect bbdir blkno [ blkno ]\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (chdir(argv[1]) < 0 || stat(".", &stbuf) < 0) {
+		perror(argv[1]);
+		exit(2);
+	}
+	strcpy(name, _PATH_DEV);
+	if ((dirp = opendir(name)) == NULL) {
+		perror(name);
+		exit(3);
+	}
+	while ((dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
+		strcpy(&name[5], dp->d_name);
+		if (stat(name, &devstat) < 0) {
+			perror(name);
+			exit(4);
+		}
+		if (stbuf.st_dev == devstat.st_rdev &&
+		    (devstat.st_mode & IFMT) == IFBLK)
+			break;
+	}
+	closedir(dirp);
+	if (dp == NULL) {
+		printf("Cannot find dev 0%o corresponding to %s\n",
+			stbuf.st_rdev, argv[1]);
+		exit(5);
+	}
+	if ((fsi = open(name, 0)) < 0) {
+		perror(name);
+		exit(6);
+	}
+	fs = &sblock;
+	rdfs(SBOFF, SBSIZE, (char *)fs);
+	dev_bsize = fs->fs_fsize / fsbtodb(fs, 1);
+	for (argc -= 2, argv += 2; argc > 0; argc--, argv++) {
+		number = atoi(*argv);
+		if (chkuse(number, 1))
+			continue;
+		if (mknod(*argv, IFMT|0600, dbtofsb(fs, number)) < 0) {
+			perror(*argv);
+			errs++;
+		}
+	}
+	printf("Don't forget to run ``fsck %s''\n", name);
+	exit(errs);
+}
+
+int
+chkuse(blkno, cnt)
+	daddr_t blkno;
+	int cnt;
+{
+	int cg;
+	daddr_t fsbn, bn;
+
+	fsbn = dbtofsb(fs, blkno);
+	if ((unsigned)(fsbn+cnt) > fs->fs_size) {
+		printf("block %d out of range of file system\n", blkno);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	cg = dtog(fs, fsbn);
+	if (fsbn < cgdmin(fs, cg)) {
+		if (cg == 0 || (fsbn+cnt) > cgsblock(fs, cg)) {
+			printf("block %d in non-data area: cannot attach\n",
+				blkno);
+			return (1);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if ((fsbn+cnt) > cgbase(fs, cg+1)) {
+			printf("block %d in non-data area: cannot attach\n",
+				blkno);
+			return (1);
+		}
+	}
+	rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)sblock.fs_cgsize,
+	    (char *)&acg);
+	if (!cg_chkmagic(&acg)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "cg %d: bad magic number\n", cg);
+		errs++;
+		return (1);
+	}
+	bn = dtogd(fs, fsbn);
+	if (isclr(cg_blksfree(&acg), bn))
+		printf("Warning: sector %d is in use\n", blkno);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * read a block from the file system
+ */
+void
+rdfs(bno, size, bf)
+	daddr_t bno;
+	int size;
+	char *bf;
+{
+	int n;
+
+	if (lseek(fsi, (off_t)bno * dev_bsize, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+		printf("seek error: %ld\n", bno);
+		perror("rdfs");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	n = read(fsi, bf, size);
+	if (n != size) {
+		printf("read error: %ld\n", bno);
+		perror("rdfs");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sbin/bsdlabel/Makefile b/sbin/bsdlabel/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3f4749c70f09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/bsdlabel/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.2 (Berkeley) 3/17/94
+
+PROG=	disklabel
+SRCS=	disklabel.c dkcksum.c
+MAN8=	disklabel.0
+CLEANFILES=disklabel.5.0
+
+all: ${PROG} disklabel.5.0 ${MAN8}
+
+beforeinstall:
+	install -c -o ${MANOWN} -g ${MANGRP} -m ${MANMODE} disklabel.5.0 \
+	    ${DESTDIR}${MANDIR}5/disklabel.0
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.8 b/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf14e0f23b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)disklabel.8	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
+.\"
+.Dd "April 19, 1994"
+.Dt DISKLABEL 8
+.Os BSD 4.2
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm disklabel
+.Nd read and write disk pack label
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm disklabel
+.Op Fl r
+.Ar disk
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl w
+.Op Fl r
+.Ar disk Ar disktype
+.Oo Ar packid Oc
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl e
+.Op Fl r
+.Ar disk
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl R
+.Op Fl r
+.Ar disk Ar protofile
+.Nm disklabel
+.Op Fl NW
+.Ar disk
+.sp
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl B
+.Oo
+.Fl b Ar boot1
+.Op Fl s Ar boot2
+.Oc
+.Ar disk
+.Oo Ar disktype Oc
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl w
+.Fl B
+.Oo
+.Fl b Ar boot1
+.Op Fl s Ar boot2
+.Oc
+.Ar disk Ar disktype
+.Oo Ar packid Oc
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl R
+.Fl B
+.Oo
+.Fl b Ar boot1
+.Op Fl s Ar boot2
+.Oc
+.Ar disk Ar protofile
+.Oo Ar disktype Oc
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm Disklabel
+can be used to install, examine or modify the label on a disk drive or pack.
+When writing the label, it can be used
+to change the drive identification,
+the disk partitions on the drive,
+or to replace a damaged label.
+On some systems,
+.Nm disklabel
+can be used to install bootstrap code as well.
+There are several forms of the command that read (display), install or edit
+the label on a disk.
+Each form has an additional option,
+.Fl r ,
+which causes the label to be read from or written to the disk directly,
+rather than going through the system's in-core copy of the label.
+This option may allow a label to be installed on a disk
+without kernel support for a label, such as when labels are first installed
+on a system; it must be used when first installing a label on a disk.
+The specific effect of
+.Fl r
+is described under each command.
+The read and install forms also support the
+.Fl B
+option to install bootstrap code.
+These variants are described later.
+.Pp
+The first form of the command (read) is used to examine the label on the named
+disk drive (e.g. sd0 or /dev/rsd0c).
+It will display all of the parameters associated with the drive
+and its partition layout.
+Unless the
+.Fl r
+flag is given,
+the kernel's in-core copy of the label is displayed;
+if the disk has no label, or the partition types on the disk are incorrect,
+the kernel may have constructed or modified the label.
+If the
+.Fl r
+flag is given, the label from the raw disk will be displayed rather
+than the in-core label.
+.Pp
+The second form of the command, with the
+.Fl w
+flag, is used to write a standard label on the designated drive.
+The required arguments to
+.Nm disklabel
+are the drive to be labelled (e.g. sd0), and
+the drive type as described in the
+.Xr disktab 5
+file.
+The drive parameters and partitions are taken from that file.
+If different disks of the same physical type are to have different
+partitions, it will be necessary to have separate disktab entries
+describing each, or to edit the label after installation as described below.
+The optional argument is a pack identification string,
+up to 16 characters long.
+The pack id must be quoted if it contains blanks.
+If the
+.Fl r
+flag is given, the disk sectors containing the label and bootstrap
+will be written directly.
+A side-effect of this is that any existing bootstrap code will be overwritten
+and the disk rendered unbootable.
+If
+.Fl r
+is not specified,
+the existing label will be updated via the in-core copy and any bootstrap
+code will be unaffected.
+If the disk does not already have a label, the
+.Fl r
+flag must be used.
+In either case, the kernel's in-core label is replaced.
+.Pp
+An existing disk label may be edited by using the
+.Fl e
+flag.
+The label is read from the in-core kernel copy,
+or directly from the disk if the
+.Fl r
+flag is also given.
+The label is formatted and then supplied to an editor for changes.
+If no editor is specified in an
+.Ev EDITOR
+environment variable,
+.Xr vi 1
+is used.
+When the editor terminates, the formatted label is reread
+and used to rewrite the disk label.
+Existing bootstrap code is unchanged regardless of whether
+.Fl r
+was specified.
+.Pp
+With the
+.Fl R
+flag,
+.Nm disklabel
+is capable of restoring a disk label that was formatted
+in a prior operation and saved in an ascii file.
+The prototype file used to create the label should be in the same format
+as that produced when reading or editing a label.
+Comments are delimited by
+.Ar \&#
+and newline.
+As with
+.Fl w ,
+any existing bootstrap code will be clobbered if
+.Fl r
+is specified and will be unaffected otherwise.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl NW
+flags for
+.Nm disklabel
+explicitly disallow and
+allow, respectively, writing of the pack label area on the selected disk.
+.Pp
+The final three forms of
+.Nm disklabel
+are used to install boostrap code on machines where the bootstrap is part
+of the label.
+The bootstrap code is comprised of one or two boot programs depending on
+the machine.
+The
+.Fl B
+option is used to denote that bootstrap code is to be installed.
+The
+.Fl r
+flag is implied by
+.Fl B
+and never needs to be specified.
+The name of the boot program(s) to be installed can be selected in a
+variety of ways.
+First, the names can be specified explicitly via the
+.Fl b
+and
+.Fl s
+flags.
+On machines with only a single level of boot program,
+.Fl b
+is the name of that program.
+For machines with a two-level bootstrap,
+.Fl b
+indicates the primary boot program and
+.Fl s
+the secondary boot program.
+If the names are not explicitly given, standard boot programs will be used.
+The boot programs are located in
+.Pa /usr/mdec .
+The names of the programs are taken from the ``b0'' and ``b1'' parameters
+of the
+.Xr disktab 5
+entry for the disk if
+.Ar disktype
+was given and its disktab entry exists and includes those parameters.
+Otherwise, boot program names are derived from the name of the disk.
+These names are of the form
+.Pa basename Ns boot
+for the primary (or only) bootstrap, and
+.Pf boot Pa basename
+for the secondary bootstrap;
+for example,
+.Pa /usr/mdec/sdboot
+and
+.Pa /usr/mdec/bootsd
+if the disk device is
+.Em sd0 .
+.Pp
+The first of the three boot-installation forms is used to install
+bootstrap code without changing the existing label.
+It is essentially a read command with respect to the disk label
+itself and all options are related to the specification of the boot
+program as described previously.
+The final two forms are analogous to the basic write and restore versions
+except that they will install bootstrap code in addition to a new label.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
+.It Pa /etc/disktab
+.It Pa /usr/mdec/ Ns Em xx Ns boot
+.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot Ns Em xx
+.El
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+.Dl disklabel sd0
+.Pp
+Display the in-core label for sd0 as obtained via
+.Pa /dev/rsd0c .
+.Pp
+.Dl disklabel -w -r /dev/rsd0c sd2212 foo
+.Pp
+Create a label for sd0 based on information for ``sd2212'' found in
+.Pa /etc/disktab .
+Any existing bootstrap code will be clobbered.
+.Pp
+.Dl disklabel -e -r sd0
+.Pp
+Read the on-disk label for sd0, edit it and reinstall in-core as well
+as on-disk.
+Existing bootstrap code is unaffected.
+.Pp
+.Dl disklabel -R sd0 mylabel
+.Pp
+Restore the on-disk and in-core label for sd0 from information in
+.Pa mylabel .
+Existing bootstrap code is unaffected.
+.Pp
+.Dl disklabel -B sd0
+.Pp
+Install a new bootstrap on sd0.
+The boot code comes from
+.Pa /usr/mdec/sdboot
+and possibly
+.Pa /usr/mdec/bootsd .
+On-disk and in-core labels are unchanged.
+.Pp
+.Dl disklabel -w -B /dev/rsd0c -b newboot sd2212
+.Pp
+Install a new label and bootstrap.
+The label is derived from disktab information for ``sd2212'' and
+installed both in-core and on-disk.
+The bootstrap code comes from the file
+.Pa /usr/mdec/newboot .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr disktab 5 ,
+.Xr disklabel 5
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+The kernel device drivers will not allow the size of a disk partition
+to be decreased or the offset of a partition to be changed while it is open.
+Some device drivers create a label containing only a single large partition
+if a disk is unlabeled; thus, the label must be written to the ``a''
+partition of the disk while it is open.
+This sometimes requires the desired label to be set in two steps,
+the first one creating at least one other partition,
+and the second setting the label on the new partition
+while shrinking the ``a'' partition.
+.Pp
+On some machines the bootstrap code may not fit entirely in the area
+allocated for it by some filesystems.
+As a result, it may not be possible to have filesystems on some partitions
+of a ``bootable'' disk.
+When installing bootstrap code,
+.Nm disklabel
+checks for these cases.
+If the installed boot code would overlap a partition of type FS_UNUSED
+it is marked as type FS_BOOT.
+The
+.Xr newfs 8
+utility will disallow creation of filesystems on FS_BOOT partitions.
+Conversely, if a partition has a type other than FS_UNUSED or FS_BOOT,
+.Nm disklabel
+will not install bootstrap code that overlaps it.
+.Sh BUGS
+When a disk name is given without a full pathname,
+the constructed device name uses the ``a'' partition on the tahoe,
+the ``c'' partition on all others.
diff --git a/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.c b/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4a2934078584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1314 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Symmetric Computer Systems.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1987, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)disklabel.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 1/7/94";
+/* from static char sccsid[] = "@(#)disklabel.c	1.2 (Symmetric) 11/28/85"; */
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/signal.h>
+#include <sys/errno.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#define DKTYPENAMES
+#include <sys/disklabel.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include "pathnames.h"
+
+/*
+ * Disklabel: read and write disklabels.
+ * The label is usually placed on one of the first sectors of the disk.
+ * Many machines also place a bootstrap in the same area,
+ * in which case the label is embedded in the bootstrap.
+ * The bootstrap source must leave space at the proper offset
+ * for the label on such machines.
+ */
+
+#ifdef tahoe
+#define RAWPARTITION	'a'
+#else
+#define RAWPARTITION	'c'
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BBSIZE
+#define	BBSIZE	8192			/* size of boot area, with label */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef tahoe
+#define	NUMBOOT	0
+#else
+#if defined(hp300) || defined(hp800)
+#define	NUMBOOT	1
+#else
+#define	NUMBOOT	2
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define	DEFEDITOR	_PATH_VI
+#define	streq(a,b)	(strcmp(a,b) == 0)
+
+char	*dkname;
+char	*specname;
+char	tmpfil[] = _PATH_TMP;
+
+extern	int errno;
+char	namebuf[BBSIZE], *np = namebuf;
+struct	disklabel lab;
+struct	disklabel *readlabel(), *makebootarea();
+char	bootarea[BBSIZE];
+
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+int	installboot;	/* non-zero if we should install a boot program */
+char	*bootbuf;	/* pointer to buffer with remainder of boot prog */
+int	bootsize;	/* size of remaining boot program */
+char	*xxboot;	/* primary boot */
+char	*bootxx;	/* secondary boot */
+char	boot0[MAXPATHLEN];
+char	boot1[MAXPATHLEN];
+#endif
+
+enum	{
+	UNSPEC, EDIT, NOWRITE, READ, RESTORE, WRITE, WRITEABLE, WRITEBOOT
+} op = UNSPEC;
+
+int	rflag;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+int	debug;
+#define OPTIONS	"BNRWb:ders:w"
+#else
+#define OPTIONS	"BNRWb:ers:w"
+#endif
+
+
+main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char *argv[];
+{
+	extern char *optarg;
+	extern int optind;
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+	FILE *t;
+	int ch, f, flag, error = 0;
+	char *name = 0;
+
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, OPTIONS)) != EOF)
+		switch (ch) {
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+			case 'B':
+				++installboot;
+				break;
+			case 'b':
+				xxboot = optarg;
+				break;
+#if NUMBOOT > 1
+			case 's':
+				bootxx = optarg;
+				break;
+#endif
+#endif
+			case 'N':
+				if (op != UNSPEC)
+					usage();
+				op = NOWRITE;
+				break;
+			case 'R':
+				if (op != UNSPEC)
+					usage();
+				op = RESTORE;
+				break;
+			case 'W':
+				if (op != UNSPEC)
+					usage();
+				op = WRITEABLE;
+				break;
+			case 'e':
+				if (op != UNSPEC)
+					usage();
+				op = EDIT;
+				break;
+			case 'r':
+				++rflag;
+				break;
+			case 'w':
+				if (op != UNSPEC)
+					usage();
+				op = WRITE;
+				break;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+			case 'd':
+				debug++;
+				break;
+#endif
+			case '?':
+			default:
+				usage();
+		}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	if (installboot) {
+		rflag++;
+		if (op == UNSPEC)
+			op = WRITEBOOT;
+	} else {
+		if (op == UNSPEC)
+			op = READ;
+		xxboot = bootxx = 0;
+	}
+#else
+	if (op == UNSPEC)
+		op = READ;
+#endif
+	if (argc < 1)
+		usage();
+
+	dkname = argv[0];
+	if (dkname[0] != '/') {
+		(void)sprintf(np, "%sr%s%c", _PATH_DEV, dkname, RAWPARTITION);
+		specname = np;
+		np += strlen(specname) + 1;
+	} else
+		specname = dkname;
+	f = open(specname, op == READ ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR);
+	if (f < 0 && errno == ENOENT && dkname[0] != '/') {
+		(void)sprintf(specname, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, dkname);
+		np = namebuf + strlen(specname) + 1;
+		f = open(specname, op == READ ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR);
+	}
+	if (f < 0)
+		Perror(specname);
+
+	switch(op) {
+
+	case EDIT:
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage();
+		lp = readlabel(f);
+		error = edit(lp, f);
+		break;
+
+	case NOWRITE:
+		flag = 0;
+		if (ioctl(f, DIOCWLABEL, (char *)&flag) < 0)
+			Perror("ioctl DIOCWLABEL");
+		break;
+
+	case READ:
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage();
+		lp = readlabel(f);
+		display(stdout, lp);
+		error = checklabel(lp);
+		break;
+
+	case RESTORE:
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+		if (installboot && argc == 3) {
+			makelabel(argv[2], 0, &lab);
+			argc--;
+		}
+#endif
+		if (argc != 2)
+			usage();
+		lp = makebootarea(bootarea, &lab, f);
+		if (!(t = fopen(argv[1], "r")))
+			Perror(argv[1]);
+		if (getasciilabel(t, lp))
+			error = writelabel(f, bootarea, lp);
+		break;
+
+	case WRITE:
+		if (argc == 3) {
+			name = argv[2];
+			argc--;
+		}
+		if (argc != 2)
+			usage();
+		makelabel(argv[1], name, &lab);
+		lp = makebootarea(bootarea, &lab, f);
+		*lp = lab;
+		if (checklabel(lp) == 0)
+			error = writelabel(f, bootarea, lp);
+		break;
+
+	case WRITEABLE:
+		flag = 1;
+		if (ioctl(f, DIOCWLABEL, (char *)&flag) < 0)
+			Perror("ioctl DIOCWLABEL");
+		break;
+
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	case WRITEBOOT:
+	{
+		struct disklabel tlab;
+
+		lp = readlabel(f);
+		tlab = *lp;
+		if (argc == 2)
+			makelabel(argv[1], 0, &lab);
+		lp = makebootarea(bootarea, &lab, f);
+		*lp = tlab;
+		if (checklabel(lp) == 0)
+			error = writelabel(f, bootarea, lp);
+		break;
+	}
+#endif
+	}
+	exit(error);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Construct a prototype disklabel from /etc/disktab.  As a side
+ * effect, set the names of the primary and secondary boot files
+ * if specified.
+ */
+makelabel(type, name, lp)
+	char *type, *name;
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register struct disklabel *dp;
+	char *strcpy();
+
+	dp = getdiskbyname(type);
+	if (dp == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown disk type\n", type);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	*lp = *dp;
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	/*
+	 * Set bootstrap name(s).
+	 * 1. If set from command line, use those,
+	 * 2. otherwise, check if disktab specifies them (b0 or b1),
+	 * 3. otherwise, makebootarea() will choose ones based on the name
+	 *    of the disk special file. E.g. /dev/ra0 -> raboot, bootra
+	 */
+	if (!xxboot && lp->d_boot0) {
+		if (*lp->d_boot0 != '/')
+			(void)sprintf(boot0, "%s/%s",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, lp->d_boot0);
+		else
+			(void)strcpy(boot0, lp->d_boot0);
+		xxboot = boot0;
+	}
+#if NUMBOOT > 1
+	if (!bootxx && lp->d_boot1) {
+		if (*lp->d_boot1 != '/')
+			(void)sprintf(boot1, "%s/%s",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, lp->d_boot1);
+		else
+			(void)strcpy(boot1, lp->d_boot1);
+		bootxx = boot1;
+	}
+#endif
+#endif
+	/* d_packname is union d_boot[01], so zero */
+	bzero(lp->d_packname, sizeof(lp->d_packname));
+	if (name)
+		(void)strncpy(lp->d_packname, name, sizeof(lp->d_packname));
+}
+
+writelabel(f, boot, lp)
+	int f;
+	char *boot;
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register int i;
+	int flag;
+
+	setbootflag(lp);
+	lp->d_magic = DISKMAGIC;
+	lp->d_magic2 = DISKMAGIC;
+	lp->d_checksum = 0;
+	lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
+	if (rflag) {
+		/*
+		 * First set the kernel disk label,
+		 * then write a label to the raw disk.
+		 * If the SDINFO ioctl fails because it is unimplemented,
+		 * keep going; otherwise, the kernel consistency checks
+		 * may prevent us from changing the current (in-core)
+		 * label.
+		 */
+		if (ioctl(f, DIOCSDINFO, lp) < 0 &&
+		    errno != ENODEV && errno != ENOTTY) {
+			l_perror("ioctl DIOCSDINFO");
+			return (1);
+		}
+		(void)lseek(f, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET);
+		/*
+		 * write enable label sector before write (if necessary),
+		 * disable after writing.
+		 */
+		flag = 1;
+		if (ioctl(f, DIOCWLABEL, &flag) < 0)
+			perror("ioctl DIOCWLABEL");
+		if (write(f, boot, lp->d_bbsize) != lp->d_bbsize) {
+			perror("write");
+			return (1);
+		}
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+		/*
+		 * Output the remainder of the disklabel
+		 */
+		if (bootbuf && write(f, bootbuf, bootsize) != bootsize) {
+			perror("write");
+			return(1);
+		}
+#endif
+		flag = 0;
+		(void) ioctl(f, DIOCWLABEL, &flag);
+	} else if (ioctl(f, DIOCWDINFO, lp) < 0) {
+		l_perror("ioctl DIOCWDINFO");
+		return (1);
+	}
+#ifdef vax
+	if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) {
+		daddr_t alt;
+
+		alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors;
+		for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) {
+			(void)lseek(f, (off_t)((alt + i) * lp->d_secsize),
+			    SEEK_SET);
+			if (write(f, boot, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize) {
+				int oerrno = errno;
+				fprintf(stderr, "alternate label %d ", i/2);
+				errno = oerrno;
+				perror("write");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+	return (0);
+}
+
+l_perror(s)
+	char *s;
+{
+	int saverrno = errno;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "disklabel: %s: ", s);
+
+	switch (saverrno) {
+
+	case ESRCH:
+		fprintf(stderr, "No disk label on disk;\n");
+		fprintf(stderr,
+		    "use \"disklabel -r\" to install initial label\n");
+		break;
+
+	case EINVAL:
+		fprintf(stderr, "Label magic number or checksum is wrong!\n");
+		fprintf(stderr, "(disklabel or kernel is out of date?)\n");
+		break;
+
+	case EBUSY:
+		fprintf(stderr, "Open partition would move or shrink\n");
+		break;
+
+	case EXDEV:
+		fprintf(stderr,
+	"Labeled partition or 'a' partition must start at beginning of disk\n");
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		errno = saverrno;
+		perror((char *)NULL);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fetch disklabel for disk.
+ * Use ioctl to get label unless -r flag is given.
+ */
+struct disklabel *
+readlabel(f)
+	int f;
+{
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+
+	if (rflag) {
+		if (read(f, bootarea, BBSIZE) < BBSIZE)
+			Perror(specname);
+		for (lp = (struct disklabel *)bootarea;
+		    lp <= (struct disklabel *)(bootarea + BBSIZE - sizeof(*lp));
+		    lp = (struct disklabel *)((char *)lp + 16))
+			if (lp->d_magic == DISKMAGIC &&
+			    lp->d_magic2 == DISKMAGIC)
+				break;
+		if (lp > (struct disklabel *)(bootarea+BBSIZE-sizeof(*lp)) ||
+		    lp->d_magic != DISKMAGIC || lp->d_magic2 != DISKMAGIC ||
+		    dkcksum(lp) != 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+	"Bad pack magic number (label is damaged, or pack is unlabeled)\n");
+			/* lp = (struct disklabel *)(bootarea + LABELOFFSET); */
+			exit (1);
+		}
+	} else {
+		lp = &lab;
+		if (ioctl(f, DIOCGDINFO, lp) < 0)
+			Perror("ioctl DIOCGDINFO");
+	}
+	return (lp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Construct a bootarea (d_bbsize bytes) in the specified buffer ``boot''
+ * Returns a pointer to the disklabel portion of the bootarea.
+ */
+struct disklabel *
+makebootarea(boot, dp, f)
+	char *boot;
+	register struct disklabel *dp;
+	int f;
+{
+	struct disklabel *lp;
+	register char *p;
+	int b;
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	char *dkbasename;
+	struct stat sb;
+#endif
+
+	/* XXX */
+	if (dp->d_secsize == 0) {
+		dp->d_secsize = DEV_BSIZE;
+		dp->d_bbsize = BBSIZE;
+	}
+	lp = (struct disklabel *)
+		(boot + (LABELSECTOR * dp->d_secsize) + LABELOFFSET);
+	bzero((char *)lp, sizeof *lp);
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	/*
+	 * If we are not installing a boot program but we are installing a
+	 * label on disk then we must read the current bootarea so we don't
+	 * clobber the existing boot.
+	 */
+	if (!installboot) {
+		if (rflag) {
+			if (read(f, boot, BBSIZE) < BBSIZE)
+				Perror(specname);
+			bzero((char *)lp, sizeof *lp);
+		}
+		return (lp);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * We are installing a boot program.  Determine the name(s) and
+	 * read them into the appropriate places in the boot area.
+	 */
+	if (!xxboot || !bootxx) {
+		dkbasename = np;
+		if ((p = rindex(dkname, '/')) == NULL)
+			p = dkname;
+		else
+			p++;
+		while (*p && !isdigit(*p))
+			*np++ = *p++;
+		*np++ = '\0';
+
+		if (!xxboot) {
+			(void)sprintf(np, "%s/%sboot",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, dkbasename);
+			if (access(np, F_OK) < 0 && dkbasename[0] == 'r')
+				dkbasename++;
+			xxboot = np;
+			(void)sprintf(xxboot, "%s/%sboot",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, dkbasename);
+			np += strlen(xxboot) + 1;
+		}
+#if NUMBOOT > 1
+		if (!bootxx) {
+			(void)sprintf(np, "%s/boot%s",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, dkbasename);
+			if (access(np, F_OK) < 0 && dkbasename[0] == 'r')
+				dkbasename++;
+			bootxx = np;
+			(void)sprintf(bootxx, "%s/boot%s",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, dkbasename);
+			np += strlen(bootxx) + 1;
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+#ifdef DEBUG
+	if (debug)
+		fprintf(stderr, "bootstraps: xxboot = %s, bootxx = %s\n",
+			xxboot, bootxx ? bootxx : "NONE");
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Strange rules:
+	 * 1. One-piece bootstrap (hp300/hp800)
+	 *	up to d_bbsize bytes of ``xxboot'' go in bootarea, the rest
+	 *	is remembered and written later following the bootarea.
+	 * 2. Two-piece bootstraps (vax/i386?/mips?)
+	 *	up to d_secsize bytes of ``xxboot'' go in first d_secsize
+	 *	bytes of bootarea, remaining d_bbsize-d_secsize filled
+	 *	from ``bootxx''.
+	 */
+	b = open(xxboot, O_RDONLY);
+	if (b < 0)
+		Perror(xxboot);
+#if NUMBOOT > 1
+	if (read(b, boot, (int)dp->d_secsize) < 0)
+		Perror(xxboot);
+	(void)close(b);
+	b = open(bootxx, O_RDONLY);
+	if (b < 0)
+		Perror(bootxx);
+	if (read(b, &boot[dp->d_secsize], (int)(dp->d_bbsize-dp->d_secsize)) < 0)
+		Perror(bootxx);
+#else
+	if (read(b, boot, (int)dp->d_bbsize) < 0)
+		Perror(xxboot);
+	(void)fstat(b, &sb);
+	bootsize = (int)sb.st_size - dp->d_bbsize;
+	if (bootsize > 0) {
+		/* XXX assume d_secsize is a power of two */
+		bootsize = (bootsize + dp->d_secsize-1) & ~(dp->d_secsize-1);
+		bootbuf = (char *)malloc((size_t)bootsize);
+		if (bootbuf == 0)
+			Perror(xxboot);
+		if (read(b, bootbuf, bootsize) < 0) {
+			free(bootbuf);
+			Perror(xxboot);
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+	(void)close(b);
+#endif
+	/*
+	 * Make sure no part of the bootstrap is written in the area
+	 * reserved for the label.
+	 */
+	for (p = (char *)lp; p < (char *)lp + sizeof(struct disklabel); p++)
+		if (*p) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+			    "Bootstrap doesn't leave room for disk label\n");
+			exit(2);
+		}
+	return (lp);
+}
+
+display(f, lp)
+	FILE *f;
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register int i, j;
+	register struct partition *pp;
+
+	fprintf(f, "# %s:\n", specname);
+	if ((unsigned) lp->d_type < DKMAXTYPES)
+		fprintf(f, "type: %s\n", dktypenames[lp->d_type]);
+	else
+		fprintf(f, "type: %d\n", lp->d_type);
+	fprintf(f, "disk: %.*s\n", sizeof(lp->d_typename), lp->d_typename);
+	fprintf(f, "label: %.*s\n", sizeof(lp->d_packname), lp->d_packname);
+	fprintf(f, "flags:");
+	if (lp->d_flags & D_REMOVABLE)
+		fprintf(f, " removeable");
+	if (lp->d_flags & D_ECC)
+		fprintf(f, " ecc");
+	if (lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT)
+		fprintf(f, " badsect");
+	fprintf(f, "\n");
+	fprintf(f, "bytes/sector: %d\n", lp->d_secsize);
+	fprintf(f, "sectors/track: %d\n", lp->d_nsectors);
+	fprintf(f, "tracks/cylinder: %d\n", lp->d_ntracks);
+	fprintf(f, "sectors/cylinder: %d\n", lp->d_secpercyl);
+	fprintf(f, "cylinders: %d\n", lp->d_ncylinders);
+	fprintf(f, "rpm: %d\n", lp->d_rpm);
+	fprintf(f, "interleave: %d\n", lp->d_interleave);
+	fprintf(f, "trackskew: %d\n", lp->d_trackskew);
+	fprintf(f, "cylinderskew: %d\n", lp->d_cylskew);
+	fprintf(f, "headswitch: %d\t\t# milliseconds\n", lp->d_headswitch);
+	fprintf(f, "track-to-track seek: %d\t# milliseconds\n", lp->d_trkseek);
+	fprintf(f, "drivedata: ");
+	for (i = NDDATA - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		if (lp->d_drivedata[i])
+			break;
+	if (i < 0)
+		i = 0;
+	for (j = 0; j <= i; j++)
+		fprintf(f, "%d ", lp->d_drivedata[j]);
+	fprintf(f, "\n\n%d partitions:\n", lp->d_npartitions);
+	fprintf(f,
+	    "#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize   cpg]\n");
+	pp = lp->d_partitions;
+	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++, pp++) {
+		if (pp->p_size) {
+			fprintf(f, "  %c: %8d %8d  ", 'a' + i,
+			   pp->p_size, pp->p_offset);
+			if ((unsigned) pp->p_fstype < FSMAXTYPES)
+				fprintf(f, "%8.8s", fstypenames[pp->p_fstype]);
+			else
+				fprintf(f, "%8d", pp->p_fstype);
+			switch (pp->p_fstype) {
+
+			case FS_UNUSED:				/* XXX */
+				fprintf(f, "    %5d %5d %5.5s ",
+				    pp->p_fsize, pp->p_fsize * pp->p_frag, "");
+				break;
+
+			case FS_BSDFFS:
+				fprintf(f, "    %5d %5d %5d ",
+				    pp->p_fsize, pp->p_fsize * pp->p_frag,
+				    pp->p_cpg);
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				fprintf(f, "%20.20s", "");
+				break;
+			}
+			fprintf(f, "\t# (Cyl. %4d",
+			    pp->p_offset / lp->d_secpercyl);
+			if (pp->p_offset % lp->d_secpercyl)
+			    putc('*', f);
+			else
+			    putc(' ', f);
+			fprintf(f, "- %d",
+			    (pp->p_offset + 
+			    pp->p_size + lp->d_secpercyl - 1) /
+			    lp->d_secpercyl - 1);
+			if (pp->p_size % lp->d_secpercyl)
+			    putc('*', f);
+			fprintf(f, ")\n");
+		}
+	}
+	fflush(f);
+}
+
+edit(lp, f)
+	struct disklabel *lp;
+	int f;
+{
+	register int c;
+	struct disklabel label;
+	FILE *fd;
+	char *mktemp();
+
+	(void) mktemp(tmpfil);
+	fd = fopen(tmpfil, "w");
+	if (fd == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't create\n", tmpfil);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	(void)fchmod(fileno(fd), 0600);
+	display(fd, lp);
+	fclose(fd);
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!editit())
+			break;
+		fd = fopen(tmpfil, "r");
+		if (fd == NULL) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't reopen for reading\n",
+				tmpfil);
+			break;
+		}
+		bzero((char *)&label, sizeof(label));
+		if (getasciilabel(fd, &label)) {
+			*lp = label;
+			if (writelabel(f, bootarea, lp) == 0) {
+				(void) unlink(tmpfil);
+				return (0);
+			}
+		}
+		printf("re-edit the label? [y]: "); fflush(stdout);
+		c = getchar();
+		if (c != EOF && c != (int)'\n')
+			while (getchar() != (int)'\n')
+				;
+		if  (c == (int)'n')
+			break;
+	}
+	(void) unlink(tmpfil);
+	return (1);
+}
+
+editit()
+{
+	register int pid, xpid;
+	int stat, omask;
+	extern char *getenv();
+
+	omask = sigblock(sigmask(SIGINT)|sigmask(SIGQUIT)|sigmask(SIGHUP));
+	while ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
+		extern int errno;
+
+		if (errno == EPROCLIM) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "You have too many processes\n");
+			return(0);
+		}
+		if (errno != EAGAIN) {
+			perror("fork");
+			return(0);
+		}
+		sleep(1);
+	}
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		register char *ed;
+
+		sigsetmask(omask);
+		setgid(getgid());
+		setuid(getuid());
+		if ((ed = getenv("EDITOR")) == (char *)0)
+			ed = DEFEDITOR;
+		execlp(ed, ed, tmpfil, 0);
+		perror(ed);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	while ((xpid = wait(&stat)) >= 0)
+		if (xpid == pid)
+			break;
+	sigsetmask(omask);
+	return(!stat);
+}
+
+char *
+skip(cp)
+	register char *cp;
+{
+
+	while (*cp != '\0' && isspace(*cp))
+		cp++;
+	if (*cp == '\0' || *cp == '#')
+		return ((char *)NULL);
+	return (cp);
+}
+
+char *
+word(cp)
+	register char *cp;
+{
+	register char c;
+
+	while (*cp != '\0' && !isspace(*cp) && *cp != '#')
+		cp++;
+	if ((c = *cp) != '\0') {
+		*cp++ = '\0';
+		if (c != '#')
+			return (skip(cp));
+	}
+	return ((char *)NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read an ascii label in from fd f,
+ * in the same format as that put out by display(),
+ * and fill in lp.
+ */
+getasciilabel(f, lp)
+	FILE	*f;
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register char **cpp, *cp;
+	register struct partition *pp;
+	char *tp, *s, line[BUFSIZ];
+	int v, lineno = 0, errors = 0;
+
+	lp->d_bbsize = BBSIZE;				/* XXX */
+	lp->d_sbsize = SBSIZE;				/* XXX */
+	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line) - 1, f)) {
+		lineno++;
+		if (cp = index(line,'\n'))
+			*cp = '\0';
+		cp = skip(line);
+		if (cp == NULL)
+			continue;
+		tp = index(cp, ':');
+		if (tp == NULL) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "line %d: syntax error\n", lineno);
+			errors++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		*tp++ = '\0', tp = skip(tp);
+		if (streq(cp, "type")) {
+			if (tp == NULL)
+				tp = "unknown";
+			cpp = dktypenames;
+			for (; cpp < &dktypenames[DKMAXTYPES]; cpp++)
+				if ((s = *cpp) && streq(s, tp)) {
+					lp->d_type = cpp - dktypenames;
+					goto next;
+				}
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if ((unsigned)v >= DKMAXTYPES)
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d:%s %d\n", lineno,
+				    "Warning, unknown disk type", v);
+			lp->d_type = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "flags")) {
+			for (v = 0; (cp = tp) && *cp != '\0';) {
+				tp = word(cp);
+				if (streq(cp, "removeable"))
+					v |= D_REMOVABLE;
+				else if (streq(cp, "ecc"))
+					v |= D_ECC;
+				else if (streq(cp, "badsect"))
+					v |= D_BADSECT;
+				else {
+					fprintf(stderr,
+					    "line %d: %s: bad flag\n",
+					    lineno, cp);
+					errors++;
+				}
+			}
+			lp->d_flags = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "drivedata")) {
+			register int i;
+
+			for (i = 0; (cp = tp) && *cp != '\0' && i < NDDATA;) {
+				lp->d_drivedata[i++] = atoi(cp);
+				tp = word(cp);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (sscanf(cp, "%d partitions", &v) == 1) {
+			if (v == 0 || (unsigned)v > MAXPARTITIONS) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+				    "line %d: bad # of partitions\n", lineno);
+				lp->d_npartitions = MAXPARTITIONS;
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_npartitions = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (tp == NULL)
+			tp = "";
+		if (streq(cp, "disk")) {
+			strncpy(lp->d_typename, tp, sizeof (lp->d_typename));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "label")) {
+			strncpy(lp->d_packname, tp, sizeof (lp->d_packname));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "bytes/sector")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0 || (v % 512) != 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+				    "line %d: %s: bad sector size\n",
+				    lineno, tp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_secsize = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "sectors/track")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_nsectors = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "sectors/cylinder")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_secpercyl = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "tracks/cylinder")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_ntracks = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "cylinders")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_ncylinders = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "rpm")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_rpm = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "interleave")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_interleave = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "trackskew")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_trackskew = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "cylinderskew")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_cylskew = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "headswitch")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_headswitch = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "track-to-track seek")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_trkseek = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if ('a' <= *cp && *cp <= 'z' && cp[1] == '\0') {
+			unsigned part = *cp - 'a';
+
+			if (part > lp->d_npartitions) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+				    "line %d: bad partition name\n", lineno);
+				errors++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			pp = &lp->d_partitions[part];
+#define NXTNUM(n) { \
+	cp = tp, tp = word(cp); \
+	if (tp == NULL) \
+		tp = cp; \
+	(n) = atoi(cp); \
+     }
+
+			NXTNUM(v);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+				    "line %d: %s: bad partition size\n",
+				    lineno, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				pp->p_size = v;
+			NXTNUM(v);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+				    "line %d: %s: bad partition offset\n",
+				    lineno, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				pp->p_offset = v;
+			cp = tp, tp = word(cp);
+			cpp = fstypenames;
+			for (; cpp < &fstypenames[FSMAXTYPES]; cpp++)
+				if ((s = *cpp) && streq(s, cp)) {
+					pp->p_fstype = cpp - fstypenames;
+					goto gottype;
+				}
+			if (isdigit(*cp))
+				v = atoi(cp);
+			else
+				v = FSMAXTYPES;
+			if ((unsigned)v >= FSMAXTYPES) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s %s\n", lineno,
+				    "Warning, unknown filesystem type", cp);
+				v = FS_UNUSED;
+			}
+			pp->p_fstype = v;
+	gottype:
+
+			switch (pp->p_fstype) {
+
+			case FS_UNUSED:				/* XXX */
+				NXTNUM(pp->p_fsize);
+				if (pp->p_fsize == 0)
+					break;
+				NXTNUM(v);
+				pp->p_frag = v / pp->p_fsize;
+				break;
+
+			case FS_BSDFFS:
+				NXTNUM(pp->p_fsize);
+				if (pp->p_fsize == 0)
+					break;
+				NXTNUM(v);
+				pp->p_frag = v / pp->p_fsize;
+				NXTNUM(pp->p_cpg);
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				break;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: Unknown disklabel field\n",
+		    lineno, cp);
+		errors++;
+	next:
+		;
+	}
+	errors += checklabel(lp);
+	return (errors == 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check disklabel for errors and fill in
+ * derived fields according to supplied values.
+ */
+checklabel(lp)
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register struct partition *pp;
+	int i, errors = 0;
+	char part;
+
+	if (lp->d_secsize == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "sector size %d\n", lp->d_secsize);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	if (lp->d_nsectors == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "sectors/track %d\n", lp->d_nsectors);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	if (lp->d_ntracks == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "tracks/cylinder %d\n", lp->d_ntracks);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	if  (lp->d_ncylinders == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "cylinders/unit %d\n", lp->d_ncylinders);
+		errors++;
+	}
+	if (lp->d_rpm == 0)
+		Warning("revolutions/minute %d", lp->d_rpm);
+	if (lp->d_secpercyl == 0)
+		lp->d_secpercyl = lp->d_nsectors * lp->d_ntracks;
+	if (lp->d_secperunit == 0)
+		lp->d_secperunit = lp->d_secpercyl * lp->d_ncylinders;
+	if (lp->d_bbsize == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "boot block size %d\n", lp->d_bbsize);
+		errors++;
+	} else if (lp->d_bbsize % lp->d_secsize)
+		Warning("boot block size %% sector-size != 0");
+	if (lp->d_sbsize == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "super block size %d\n", lp->d_sbsize);
+		errors++;
+	} else if (lp->d_sbsize % lp->d_secsize)
+		Warning("super block size %% sector-size != 0");
+	if (lp->d_npartitions > MAXPARTITIONS)
+		Warning("number of partitions (%d) > MAXPARTITIONS (%d)",
+		    lp->d_npartitions, MAXPARTITIONS);
+	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
+		part = 'a' + i;
+		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
+		if (pp->p_size == 0 && pp->p_offset != 0)
+			Warning("partition %c: size 0, but offset %d",
+			    part, pp->p_offset);
+#ifdef notdef
+		if (pp->p_size % lp->d_secpercyl)
+			Warning("partition %c: size %% cylinder-size != 0",
+			    part);
+		if (pp->p_offset % lp->d_secpercyl)
+			Warning("partition %c: offset %% cylinder-size != 0",
+			    part);
+#endif
+		if (pp->p_offset > lp->d_secperunit) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+			    "partition %c: offset past end of unit\n", part);
+			errors++;
+		}
+		if (pp->p_offset + pp->p_size > lp->d_secperunit) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+			    "partition %c: partition extends past end of unit\n",
+			    part);
+			errors++;
+		}
+	}
+	for (; i < MAXPARTITIONS; i++) {
+		part = 'a' + i;
+		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
+		if (pp->p_size || pp->p_offset)
+			Warning("unused partition %c: size %d offset %d",
+			    'a' + i, pp->p_size, pp->p_offset);
+	}
+	return (errors);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If we are installing a boot program that doesn't fit in d_bbsize
+ * we need to mark those partitions that the boot overflows into.
+ * This allows newfs to prevent creation of a filesystem where it might
+ * clobber bootstrap code.
+ */
+setbootflag(lp)
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register struct partition *pp;
+	int i, errors = 0;
+	char part;
+	u_long boffset;
+
+	if (bootbuf == 0)
+		return;
+	boffset = bootsize / lp->d_secsize;
+	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
+		part = 'a' + i;
+		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
+		if (pp->p_size == 0)
+			continue;
+		if (boffset <= pp->p_offset) {
+			if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
+				pp->p_fstype = FS_UNUSED;
+		} else if (pp->p_fstype != FS_BOOT) {
+			if (pp->p_fstype != FS_UNUSED) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"boot overlaps used partition %c\n",
+					part);
+				errors++;
+			} else {
+				pp->p_fstype = FS_BOOT;
+				Warning("boot overlaps partition %c, %s",
+					part, "marked as FS_BOOT");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (errors) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Cannot install boot program\n");
+		exit(4);
+	}
+}
+
+/*VARARGS1*/
+Warning(fmt, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5)
+	char *fmt;
+{
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Warning, ");
+	fprintf(stderr, fmt, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+}
+
+Perror(str)
+	char *str;
+{
+	fputs("disklabel: ", stderr); perror(str);
+	exit(4);
+}
+
+usage()
+{
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	fprintf(stderr,
+"%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n",
+"usage: disklabel [-r] disk",
+		"(to read label)",
+"or disklabel -w [-r] disk type [ packid ]",
+		"(to write label with existing boot program)",
+"or disklabel -e [-r] disk",
+		"(to edit label)",
+"or disklabel -R [-r] disk protofile",
+		"(to restore label with existing boot program)",
+#if NUMBOOT > 1
+"or disklabel -B [ -b boot1 [ -s boot2 ] ] disk [ type ]",
+		"(to install boot program with existing label)",
+"or disklabel -w -B [ -b boot1 [ -s boot2 ] ] disk type [ packid ]",
+		"(to write label and boot program)",
+"or disklabel -R -B [ -b boot1 [ -s boot2 ] ] disk protofile [ type ]",
+		"(to restore label and boot program)",
+#else
+"or disklabel -B [ -b bootprog ] disk [ type ]",
+		"(to install boot program with existing on-disk label)",
+"or disklabel -w -B [ -b bootprog ] disk type [ packid ]",
+		"(to write label and install boot program)",
+"or disklabel -R -B [ -b bootprog ] disk protofile [ type ]",
+		"(to restore label and install boot program)",
+#endif
+"or disklabel [-NW] disk",
+		"(to write disable/enable label)");
+#else
+	fprintf(stderr, "%-43s%s\n%-43s%s\n%-43s%s\n%-43s%s\n%-43s%s\n",
+"usage: disklabel [-r] disk", "(to read label)",
+"or disklabel -w [-r] disk type [ packid ]", "(to write label)",
+"or disklabel -e [-r] disk", "(to edit label)",
+"or disklabel -R [-r] disk protofile", "(to restore label)",
+"or disklabel [-NW] disk", "(to write disable/enable label)");
+#endif
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/bsdlabel/disklabel.5.5 b/sbin/bsdlabel/disklabel.5.5
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fb6f6cd14d58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/bsdlabel/disklabel.5.5
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)disklabel.5.5	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 5, 1993
+.Dt DISKLABEL 5
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm disklabel
+.Nd disk pack label
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <sys/disklabel.h>
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+Each disk or disk pack on a system may contain a disk label
+which provides detailed information
+about the geometry of the disk and the partitions into which the disk
+is divided.
+It should be initialized when the disk is formatted,
+and may be changed later with the
+.Xr disklabel 8
+program.
+This information is used by the system disk driver and by the bootstrap
+program to determine how to program the drive
+and where to find the filesystems on the disk partitions.
+Additional information is used by the filesystem in order
+to use the disk most efficiently and to locate important filesystem information.
+The description of each partition contains an identifier for the partition
+type (standard filesystem, swap area, etc.).
+The filesystem updates the in-core copy of the label if it contains
+incomplete information about the filesystem.
+.Pp
+The label is located in sector number
+.Dv LABELSECTOR
+of the drive, usually sector 0 where it may be found
+without any information about the disk geometry.
+It is at an offset
+.Dv LABELOFFSET
+from the beginning of the sector, to allow room for the initial bootstrap.
+The disk sector containing the label is normally made read-only
+so that it is not accidentally overwritten by pack-to-pack copies
+or swap operations;
+the
+.Dv DIOCWLABEL
+.Xr ioctl 2 ,
+which is done as needed by the
+.Xr disklabel
+program.
+.Pp
+A copy of the in-core label for a disk can be obtained with the
+.Dv DIOCGDINFO
+.Xr ioctl ;
+this works with a file descriptor for a block or character (``raw'') device
+for any partition of the disk.
+The in-core copy of the label is set by the 
+.Dv DIOCSDINFO
+.Xr ioctl .
+The offset of a partition cannot generally be changed while it is open,
+nor can it be made smaller while it is open.
+One exception is that any change is allowed if no label was found
+on the disk, and the driver was able to construct only a skeletal label
+without partition information.
+Finally, the 
+.Dv DIOCWDINFO
+.Xr ioctl
+operation sets the in-core label and then updates the on-disk label;
+there must be an existing label on the disk for this operation to succeed.
+Thus, the initial label for a disk or disk pack must be installed
+by writing to the raw disk.
+All of these operations are normally done using
+.Xr disklabel .
+.Pp
+The format of the disk label, as specified in
+.Aw Pa sys/disklabel.h ,
+is
+.Bd -literal
+/*
+* Disk description table, see disktab(5)
+*/
+#define	DISKTAB		"/etc/disktab"
+
+/*
+* Each disk has a label which includes information about the hardware
+* disk geometry, filesystem partitions, and drive specific information.
+* The label is in block 0 or 1, possibly offset from the beginning
+* to leave room for a bootstrap, etc.
+*/
+
+#ifndef	LABELSECTOR
+#define LABELSECTOR	0			/* sector containing label */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef	LABELOFFSET
+#define LABELOFFSET	64			/* offset of label in sector */
+#endif
+
+#define DISKMAGIC	((u_long) 0x82564557)	/* The disk magic number */
+#ifndef MAXPARTITIONS
+#define	MAXPARTITIONS	8
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LOCORE
+struct disklabel {
+	u_long	d_magic;	/* the magic number */
+	short	d_type;		/* drive type */
+	short	d_subtype;	/* controller/d_type specific */
+	char	d_typename[16];	/* type name, e.g. "eagle" */
+	/* 
+	* d_packname contains the pack identifier and is returned when
+	* the disklabel is read off the disk or in-core copy.
+	* d_boot0 and d_boot1 are the (optional) names of the
+	* primary (block 0) and secondary (block 1-15) bootstraps
+	* as found in /usr/mdec.  These are returned when using
+	* getdiskbyname(3)
+	to retrieve the values from /etc/disktab.
+	*/
+#if defined(KERNEL) || defined(STANDALONE)
+	char	d_packname[16];		/* pack identifier */ 
+#else
+	union {
+		char	un_d_packname[16];	/* pack identifier */ 
+		struct {
+			char *un_d_boot0;	/* primary bootstrap name */
+			char *un_d_boot1;	/* secondary bootstrap name */
+		} un_b; 
+	} d_un; 
+
+#define d_packname	d_un.un_d_packname
+#define d_boot0		d_un.un_b.un_d_boot0
+#define d_boot1		d_un.un_b.un_d_boot1
+#endif	/* ! KERNEL or STANDALONE */
+
+	/* disk geometry: */
+	u_long	d_secsize;	/* # of bytes per sector */
+	u_long	d_nsectors;	/* # of data sectors per track */
+	u_long	d_ntracks;	/* # of tracks per cylinder */
+	u_long	d_ncylinders;	/* # of data cylinders per unit */
+	u_long	d_secpercyl;	/* # of data sectors per cylinder */
+	u_long	d_secperunit;	/* # of data sectors per unit */
+	/*
+	* Spares (bad sector replacements) below
+	* are not counted in d_nsectors or d_secpercyl.
+	* Spare sectors are assumed to be physical sectors
+	* which occupy space at the end of each track and/or cylinder.
+	*/
+	u_short	d_sparespertrack;	/* # of spare sectors per track */
+	u_short	d_sparespercyl;	/* # of spare sectors per cylinder */
+	/*
+	* Alternate cylinders include maintenance, replacement,
+	* configuration description areas, etc.
+	*/
+	u_long	d_acylinders;	/* # of alt. cylinders per unit */
+
+		/* hardware characteristics: */
+	/*
+	* d_interleave, d_trackskew and d_cylskew describe perturbations
+	* in the media format used to compensate for a slow controller.
+	* Interleave is physical sector interleave, set up by the formatter
+	* or controller when formatting.  When interleaving is in use,
+	* logically adjacent sectors are not physically contiguous,
+	* but instead are separated by some number of sectors.
+	* It is specified as the ratio of physical sectors traversed
+	* per logical sector.  Thus an interleave of 1:1 implies contiguous
+	* layout, while 2:1 implies that logical sector 0 is separated
+	* by one sector from logical sector 1.
+	* d_trackskew is the offset of sector 0 on track N
+	* relative to sector 0 on track N-1 on the same cylinder.
+	* Finally, d_cylskew is the offset of sector 0 on cylinder N
+	* relative to sector 0 on cylinder N-1.
+	*/
+	u_short	d_rpm;	/* rotational speed */
+	u_short	d_interleave;	/* hardware sector interleave */
+	u_short	d_trackskew;	/* sector 0 skew, per track */
+	u_short	d_cylskew;	/* sector 0 skew, per cylinder */
+	u_long	d_headswitch;	/* head switch time, usec */
+	u_long	d_trkseek;	/* track-to-track seek, usec */
+	u_long	d_flags;	/* generic flags */
+#define NDDATA 5
+	u_long	d_drivedata[NDDATA];	/* drive-type specific information */
+#define NSPARE 5
+	u_long	d_spare[NSPARE];	/* reserved for future use */
+	u_long	d_magic2;	/* the magic number (again) */
+	u_short	d_checksum;	/* xor of data incl. partitions */
+
+	/* filesystem and partition information: */
+	u_short	d_npartitions;	/* number of partitions in following */
+	u_long	d_bbsize;	/* size of boot area at sn0, bytes */
+	u_long	d_sbsize;	/* max size of fs superblock, bytes */
+	struct	partition {	/* the partition table */
+		u_long	p_size;	/* number of sectors in partition */
+		u_long	p_offset;	/* starting sector */
+		u_long	p_fsize;	/* filesystem basic fragment size */
+		u_char	p_fstype;	/* filesystem type, see below */
+		u_char	p_frag;	/* filesystem fragments per block */
+		union {
+			u_short	cpg;	/* UFS: FS cylinders per group */
+			u_short	sgs;	/* LFS: FS segment shift */
+		} __partition_u1;
+#define	p_cpg	__partition_u1.cpg
+#define	p_sgs	__partition_u1.sgs
+		u_short	p_cpg;	/* filesystem cylinders per group */
+	} d_partitions[MAXPARTITIONS];	/* actually may be more */
+};
+
+/* d_type values: */
+#define	DTYPE_SMD	1	/* SMD, XSMD; VAX hp/up */
+#define	DTYPE_MSCP	2	/* MSCP */
+#define	DTYPE_DEC	3	/* other DEC (rk, rl) */
+#define	DTYPE_SCSI	4	/* SCSI */
+#define	DTYPE_ESDI	5	/* ESDI interface */
+#define	DTYPE_ST506	6	/* ST506 etc. */
+#define	DTYPE_HPIB	7	/* CS/80 on HP-IB */
+#define	DTYPE_HPFL	8	/* HP Fiber-link */
+#define	DTYPE_FLOPPY	10	/* floppy */
+
+#ifdef DKTYPENAMES
+static char *dktypenames[] = {
+	"unknown",
+	"SMD",
+	"MSCP",
+	"old DEC",
+	"SCSI",
+	"ESDI",
+	"ST506",
+	"HP-IB",
+	"HP-FL",
+	"type 9",
+	"floppy",
+	0
+};
+#define DKMAXTYPES	(sizeof(dktypenames) / sizeof(dktypenames[0]) - 1)
+#endif
+
+/*
+* Filesystem type and version.
+* Used to interpret other filesystem-specific
+* per-partition information.
+*/
+#define	FS_UNUSED	0	/* unused */
+#define	FS_SWAP		1	/* swap */
+#define	FS_V6		2	/* Sixth Edition */
+#define	FS_V7		3	/* Seventh Edition */
+#define	FS_SYSV		4	/* System V */
+#define	FS_V71K		5	/* V7 with 1K blocks (4.1, 2.9) */
+#define	FS_V8		6	/* Eighth Edition, 4K blocks */
+#define	FS_BSDFFS	7	/* 4.2BSD fast file system */
+#define	FS_MSDOS	8	/* MSDOS file system */
+#define	FS_BSDLFS	9	/* 4.4BSD log-structured file system */
+#define	FS_OTHER	10	/* in use, but unknown/unsupported */
+#define	FS_HPFS		11	/* OS/2 high-performance file system */
+#define	FS_ISO9660	12	/* ISO 9660, normally CD-ROM */
+#define	FS_BOOT		13	/* partition contains bootstrap */
+
+#ifdef	DKTYPENAMES
+static char *fstypenames[] = {
+	"unused",
+	"swap",
+	"Version 6",
+	"Version 7",
+	"System V",
+	"4.1BSD",
+	"Eighth Edition",
+	"4.2BSD",
+	"MSDOS",
+	"4.4LFS",
+	"unknown",
+	"HPFS",
+	"ISO9660",
+	"boot",
+	0
+};
+#define FSMAXTYPES	(sizeof(fstypenames) / sizeof(fstypenames[0]) - 1)
+#endif
+
+/*
+* flags shared by various drives:
+*/
+#define	D_REMOVABLE	0x01	/* removable media */
+#define	D_ECC		0x02	/* supports ECC */
+#define	D_BADSECT	0x04	/* supports bad sector forw. */
+#define	D_RAMDISK	0x08	/* disk emulator */
+#define	D_CHAIN		0x10	/* can do back-back transfers */
+
+/*
+* Drive data for SMD.
+*/
+
+#define	d_smdflags	d_drivedata[0]
+#define	D_SSE		0x1	/* supports skip sectoring */
+#define	d_mindist	d_drivedata[1]
+#define	d_maxdist	d_drivedata[2]
+#define	d_sdist		d_drivedata[3]
+
+/*
+* Drive data for ST506.
+*/
+#define d_precompcyl	d_drivedata[0]
+#define d_gap3		d_drivedata[1]	/* used only when formatting */
+
+/*
+ * Drive data for SCSI.
+ */
+#define	d_blind		d_drivedata[0]
+
+#ifndef LOCORE
+/*
+* Structure used to perform a format
+* or other raw operation, returning data
+* and/or register values.
+* Register identification and format
+* are device- and driver-dependent.
+*/
+struct format_op {
+	char	*df_buf;
+	int	df_count;	/* value-result */
+	daddr_t	df_startblk;
+	int	df_reg[8];	/* result */
+};
+
+/*
+* Structure used internally to retrieve
+* information about a partition on a disk.
+*/
+struct partinfo {
+	struct	disklabel *disklab;
+	struct	partition *part;
+};
+
+/*
+* Disk-specific ioctls.
+*/
+	/* get and set disklabel; DIOCGPART used internally */
+#define DIOCGDINFO   _IOR('d', 101, struct disklabel) /* get */
+#define DIOCSDINFO   _IOW('d', 102, struct disklabel) /* set */
+#define DIOCWDINFO   _IOW('d', 103, struct disklabel) /* set, update disk */
+#define DIOCGPART    _IOW('d', 104, struct partinfo)  /* get partition */
+
+/* do format operation, read or write */
+#define DIOCRFORMAT	_IOWR('d', 105, struct format_op)
+#define DIOCWFORMAT	_IOWR('d', 106, struct format_op)
+
+#define DIOCSSTEP	_IOW('d', 107, int) /* set step rate */
+#define DIOCSRETRIES	_IOW('d', 108, int) /* set # of retries */
+#define DIOCWLABEL	_IOW('d', 109, int) /* write en/disable label */
+
+#define DIOCSBAD	_IOW('d', 110, struct dkbad) /* set kernel dkbad */
+
+#endif LOCORE
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr disktab 5 ,
+.Xr disklabel 8
+.Sh HISTORY
diff --git a/sbin/bsdlabel/dkcksum.c b/sbin/bsdlabel/dkcksum.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f7a1e4917df6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/bsdlabel/dkcksum.c
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dkcksum.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/disklabel.h>
+
+u_short
+dkcksum(lp)
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register u_short *start, *end;
+	register u_short sum = 0;
+
+	start = (u_short *)lp;
+	end = (u_short *)&lp->d_partitions[lp->d_npartitions];
+	while (start < end)
+		sum ^= *start++;
+	return (sum);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/bsdlabel/pathnames.h b/sbin/bsdlabel/pathnames.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..def3297d205e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/bsdlabel/pathnames.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ *	@(#)pathnames.h	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+ */
+
+#include <paths.h>
+
+#define	_PATH_BOOTDIR	"/usr/mdec"
+#undef _PATH_TMP
+#define	_PATH_TMP	"/tmp/EdDk.aXXXXXX"
diff --git a/sbin/clri/Makefile b/sbin/clri/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..deb3cbb17266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/clri/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+
+PROG=	clri
+MAN8=	clri.0
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/clri/clri.8 b/sbin/clri/clri.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..df313a778cf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/clri/clri.8
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)clri.8	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
+.\"
+.Dd April 19, 1994
+.Dt CLRI 8
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm clri
+.Nd clear an inode
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm clri
+.Ar special_device inode_number ...
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Bf -symbolic
+.Nm Clri
+is obsoleted for normal file system repair work by
+.Xr fsck 8 .
+.Ef
+.Pp
+.Nm Clri
+zeros out the inodes with the specified inode number(s)
+on the filesystem residing on the given
+.Ar special_device .
+The
+.Xr fsck 8
+utility is usually run after
+.Nm clri
+to reclaim the zero'ed inode(s) and the
+blocks previously claimed by those inode(s).
+Both read and write permission are required on the specified
+.Ar special_device .
+.Pp
+The primary purpose of this routine
+is to remove a file which
+for some reason is not being properly handled by
+.Xr fsck 8 .
+Once removed,
+it is anticipated that
+.Xr fsck 8
+will be able to clean up the resulting mess.
+.Sh "SEE ALSO"
+.Xr fsck 8 ,
+.Xr fsdb 8 ,
+.Xr icheck 8 ,
+.Xr ncheck 8
+.Sh BUGS
+If the file is open, the work of
+.Nm clri
+will be lost when the inode is written back to disk from the inode cache.
diff --git a/sbin/clri/clri.c b/sbin/clri/clri.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c2bdcccc1d9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/clri/clri.c
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Rich $alz of BBN Inc.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)clri.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 9/23/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+
+#include <err.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int
+main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char *argv[];
+{
+	register struct fs *sbp;
+	register struct dinode *ip;
+	register int fd;
+	struct dinode ibuf[MAXBSIZE / sizeof (struct dinode)];
+	long generation, bsize;
+	off_t offset;
+	int inonum;
+	char *fs, sblock[SBSIZE];
+
+	if (argc < 3) {
+		(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: clri filesystem inode ...\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	fs = *++argv;
+
+	/* get the superblock. */
+	if ((fd = open(fs, O_RDWR, 0)) < 0)
+		err(1, "%s", fs);
+	if (lseek(fd, (off_t)(SBLOCK * DEV_BSIZE), SEEK_SET) < 0)
+		err(1, "%s", fs);
+	if (read(fd, sblock, sizeof(sblock)) != sizeof(sblock)) {
+		(void)fprintf(stderr,
+		    "clri: %s: can't read the superblock.\n", fs);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	sbp = (struct fs *)sblock;
+	if (sbp->fs_magic != FS_MAGIC) {
+		(void)fprintf(stderr,
+		    "clri: %s: superblock magic number 0x%x, not 0x%x.\n",
+		    fs, sbp->fs_magic, FS_MAGIC);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	bsize = sbp->fs_bsize;
+
+	/* remaining arguments are inode numbers. */
+	while (*++argv) {
+		/* get the inode number. */
+		if ((inonum = atoi(*argv)) <= 0) {
+			(void)fprintf(stderr,
+			    "clri: %s is not a valid inode number.\n", *argv);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		(void)printf("clearing %d\n", inonum);
+
+		/* read in the appropriate block. */
+		offset = ino_to_fsba(sbp, inonum);	/* inode to fs blk */
+		offset = fsbtodb(sbp, offset);		/* fs blk disk blk */
+		offset *= DEV_BSIZE;			/* disk blk to bytes */
+
+		/* seek and read the block */
+		if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
+			err(1, "%s", fs);
+		if (read(fd, ibuf, bsize) != bsize)
+			err(1, "%s", fs);
+
+		/* get the inode within the block. */
+		ip = &ibuf[ino_to_fsbo(sbp, inonum)];
+
+		/* clear the inode, and bump the generation count. */
+		generation = ip->di_gen + 1;
+		memset(ip, 0, sizeof(*ip));
+		ip->di_gen = generation;
+
+		/* backup and write the block */
+		if (lseek(fd, (off_t)-bsize, SEEK_CUR) < 0)
+			err(1, "%s", fs);
+		if (write(fd, ibuf, bsize) != bsize)
+			err(1, "%s", fs);
+		(void)fsync(fd);
+	}
+	(void)close(fd);
+	exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/disklabel/Makefile b/sbin/disklabel/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3f4749c70f09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/disklabel/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.2 (Berkeley) 3/17/94
+
+PROG=	disklabel
+SRCS=	disklabel.c dkcksum.c
+MAN8=	disklabel.0
+CLEANFILES=disklabel.5.0
+
+all: ${PROG} disklabel.5.0 ${MAN8}
+
+beforeinstall:
+	install -c -o ${MANOWN} -g ${MANGRP} -m ${MANMODE} disklabel.5.0 \
+	    ${DESTDIR}${MANDIR}5/disklabel.0
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.5.5 b/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.5.5
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fb6f6cd14d58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.5.5
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)disklabel.5.5	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 5, 1993
+.Dt DISKLABEL 5
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm disklabel
+.Nd disk pack label
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <sys/disklabel.h>
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+Each disk or disk pack on a system may contain a disk label
+which provides detailed information
+about the geometry of the disk and the partitions into which the disk
+is divided.
+It should be initialized when the disk is formatted,
+and may be changed later with the
+.Xr disklabel 8
+program.
+This information is used by the system disk driver and by the bootstrap
+program to determine how to program the drive
+and where to find the filesystems on the disk partitions.
+Additional information is used by the filesystem in order
+to use the disk most efficiently and to locate important filesystem information.
+The description of each partition contains an identifier for the partition
+type (standard filesystem, swap area, etc.).
+The filesystem updates the in-core copy of the label if it contains
+incomplete information about the filesystem.
+.Pp
+The label is located in sector number
+.Dv LABELSECTOR
+of the drive, usually sector 0 where it may be found
+without any information about the disk geometry.
+It is at an offset
+.Dv LABELOFFSET
+from the beginning of the sector, to allow room for the initial bootstrap.
+The disk sector containing the label is normally made read-only
+so that it is not accidentally overwritten by pack-to-pack copies
+or swap operations;
+the
+.Dv DIOCWLABEL
+.Xr ioctl 2 ,
+which is done as needed by the
+.Xr disklabel
+program.
+.Pp
+A copy of the in-core label for a disk can be obtained with the
+.Dv DIOCGDINFO
+.Xr ioctl ;
+this works with a file descriptor for a block or character (``raw'') device
+for any partition of the disk.
+The in-core copy of the label is set by the 
+.Dv DIOCSDINFO
+.Xr ioctl .
+The offset of a partition cannot generally be changed while it is open,
+nor can it be made smaller while it is open.
+One exception is that any change is allowed if no label was found
+on the disk, and the driver was able to construct only a skeletal label
+without partition information.
+Finally, the 
+.Dv DIOCWDINFO
+.Xr ioctl
+operation sets the in-core label and then updates the on-disk label;
+there must be an existing label on the disk for this operation to succeed.
+Thus, the initial label for a disk or disk pack must be installed
+by writing to the raw disk.
+All of these operations are normally done using
+.Xr disklabel .
+.Pp
+The format of the disk label, as specified in
+.Aw Pa sys/disklabel.h ,
+is
+.Bd -literal
+/*
+* Disk description table, see disktab(5)
+*/
+#define	DISKTAB		"/etc/disktab"
+
+/*
+* Each disk has a label which includes information about the hardware
+* disk geometry, filesystem partitions, and drive specific information.
+* The label is in block 0 or 1, possibly offset from the beginning
+* to leave room for a bootstrap, etc.
+*/
+
+#ifndef	LABELSECTOR
+#define LABELSECTOR	0			/* sector containing label */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef	LABELOFFSET
+#define LABELOFFSET	64			/* offset of label in sector */
+#endif
+
+#define DISKMAGIC	((u_long) 0x82564557)	/* The disk magic number */
+#ifndef MAXPARTITIONS
+#define	MAXPARTITIONS	8
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LOCORE
+struct disklabel {
+	u_long	d_magic;	/* the magic number */
+	short	d_type;		/* drive type */
+	short	d_subtype;	/* controller/d_type specific */
+	char	d_typename[16];	/* type name, e.g. "eagle" */
+	/* 
+	* d_packname contains the pack identifier and is returned when
+	* the disklabel is read off the disk or in-core copy.
+	* d_boot0 and d_boot1 are the (optional) names of the
+	* primary (block 0) and secondary (block 1-15) bootstraps
+	* as found in /usr/mdec.  These are returned when using
+	* getdiskbyname(3)
+	to retrieve the values from /etc/disktab.
+	*/
+#if defined(KERNEL) || defined(STANDALONE)
+	char	d_packname[16];		/* pack identifier */ 
+#else
+	union {
+		char	un_d_packname[16];	/* pack identifier */ 
+		struct {
+			char *un_d_boot0;	/* primary bootstrap name */
+			char *un_d_boot1;	/* secondary bootstrap name */
+		} un_b; 
+	} d_un; 
+
+#define d_packname	d_un.un_d_packname
+#define d_boot0		d_un.un_b.un_d_boot0
+#define d_boot1		d_un.un_b.un_d_boot1
+#endif	/* ! KERNEL or STANDALONE */
+
+	/* disk geometry: */
+	u_long	d_secsize;	/* # of bytes per sector */
+	u_long	d_nsectors;	/* # of data sectors per track */
+	u_long	d_ntracks;	/* # of tracks per cylinder */
+	u_long	d_ncylinders;	/* # of data cylinders per unit */
+	u_long	d_secpercyl;	/* # of data sectors per cylinder */
+	u_long	d_secperunit;	/* # of data sectors per unit */
+	/*
+	* Spares (bad sector replacements) below
+	* are not counted in d_nsectors or d_secpercyl.
+	* Spare sectors are assumed to be physical sectors
+	* which occupy space at the end of each track and/or cylinder.
+	*/
+	u_short	d_sparespertrack;	/* # of spare sectors per track */
+	u_short	d_sparespercyl;	/* # of spare sectors per cylinder */
+	/*
+	* Alternate cylinders include maintenance, replacement,
+	* configuration description areas, etc.
+	*/
+	u_long	d_acylinders;	/* # of alt. cylinders per unit */
+
+		/* hardware characteristics: */
+	/*
+	* d_interleave, d_trackskew and d_cylskew describe perturbations
+	* in the media format used to compensate for a slow controller.
+	* Interleave is physical sector interleave, set up by the formatter
+	* or controller when formatting.  When interleaving is in use,
+	* logically adjacent sectors are not physically contiguous,
+	* but instead are separated by some number of sectors.
+	* It is specified as the ratio of physical sectors traversed
+	* per logical sector.  Thus an interleave of 1:1 implies contiguous
+	* layout, while 2:1 implies that logical sector 0 is separated
+	* by one sector from logical sector 1.
+	* d_trackskew is the offset of sector 0 on track N
+	* relative to sector 0 on track N-1 on the same cylinder.
+	* Finally, d_cylskew is the offset of sector 0 on cylinder N
+	* relative to sector 0 on cylinder N-1.
+	*/
+	u_short	d_rpm;	/* rotational speed */
+	u_short	d_interleave;	/* hardware sector interleave */
+	u_short	d_trackskew;	/* sector 0 skew, per track */
+	u_short	d_cylskew;	/* sector 0 skew, per cylinder */
+	u_long	d_headswitch;	/* head switch time, usec */
+	u_long	d_trkseek;	/* track-to-track seek, usec */
+	u_long	d_flags;	/* generic flags */
+#define NDDATA 5
+	u_long	d_drivedata[NDDATA];	/* drive-type specific information */
+#define NSPARE 5
+	u_long	d_spare[NSPARE];	/* reserved for future use */
+	u_long	d_magic2;	/* the magic number (again) */
+	u_short	d_checksum;	/* xor of data incl. partitions */
+
+	/* filesystem and partition information: */
+	u_short	d_npartitions;	/* number of partitions in following */
+	u_long	d_bbsize;	/* size of boot area at sn0, bytes */
+	u_long	d_sbsize;	/* max size of fs superblock, bytes */
+	struct	partition {	/* the partition table */
+		u_long	p_size;	/* number of sectors in partition */
+		u_long	p_offset;	/* starting sector */
+		u_long	p_fsize;	/* filesystem basic fragment size */
+		u_char	p_fstype;	/* filesystem type, see below */
+		u_char	p_frag;	/* filesystem fragments per block */
+		union {
+			u_short	cpg;	/* UFS: FS cylinders per group */
+			u_short	sgs;	/* LFS: FS segment shift */
+		} __partition_u1;
+#define	p_cpg	__partition_u1.cpg
+#define	p_sgs	__partition_u1.sgs
+		u_short	p_cpg;	/* filesystem cylinders per group */
+	} d_partitions[MAXPARTITIONS];	/* actually may be more */
+};
+
+/* d_type values: */
+#define	DTYPE_SMD	1	/* SMD, XSMD; VAX hp/up */
+#define	DTYPE_MSCP	2	/* MSCP */
+#define	DTYPE_DEC	3	/* other DEC (rk, rl) */
+#define	DTYPE_SCSI	4	/* SCSI */
+#define	DTYPE_ESDI	5	/* ESDI interface */
+#define	DTYPE_ST506	6	/* ST506 etc. */
+#define	DTYPE_HPIB	7	/* CS/80 on HP-IB */
+#define	DTYPE_HPFL	8	/* HP Fiber-link */
+#define	DTYPE_FLOPPY	10	/* floppy */
+
+#ifdef DKTYPENAMES
+static char *dktypenames[] = {
+	"unknown",
+	"SMD",
+	"MSCP",
+	"old DEC",
+	"SCSI",
+	"ESDI",
+	"ST506",
+	"HP-IB",
+	"HP-FL",
+	"type 9",
+	"floppy",
+	0
+};
+#define DKMAXTYPES	(sizeof(dktypenames) / sizeof(dktypenames[0]) - 1)
+#endif
+
+/*
+* Filesystem type and version.
+* Used to interpret other filesystem-specific
+* per-partition information.
+*/
+#define	FS_UNUSED	0	/* unused */
+#define	FS_SWAP		1	/* swap */
+#define	FS_V6		2	/* Sixth Edition */
+#define	FS_V7		3	/* Seventh Edition */
+#define	FS_SYSV		4	/* System V */
+#define	FS_V71K		5	/* V7 with 1K blocks (4.1, 2.9) */
+#define	FS_V8		6	/* Eighth Edition, 4K blocks */
+#define	FS_BSDFFS	7	/* 4.2BSD fast file system */
+#define	FS_MSDOS	8	/* MSDOS file system */
+#define	FS_BSDLFS	9	/* 4.4BSD log-structured file system */
+#define	FS_OTHER	10	/* in use, but unknown/unsupported */
+#define	FS_HPFS		11	/* OS/2 high-performance file system */
+#define	FS_ISO9660	12	/* ISO 9660, normally CD-ROM */
+#define	FS_BOOT		13	/* partition contains bootstrap */
+
+#ifdef	DKTYPENAMES
+static char *fstypenames[] = {
+	"unused",
+	"swap",
+	"Version 6",
+	"Version 7",
+	"System V",
+	"4.1BSD",
+	"Eighth Edition",
+	"4.2BSD",
+	"MSDOS",
+	"4.4LFS",
+	"unknown",
+	"HPFS",
+	"ISO9660",
+	"boot",
+	0
+};
+#define FSMAXTYPES	(sizeof(fstypenames) / sizeof(fstypenames[0]) - 1)
+#endif
+
+/*
+* flags shared by various drives:
+*/
+#define	D_REMOVABLE	0x01	/* removable media */
+#define	D_ECC		0x02	/* supports ECC */
+#define	D_BADSECT	0x04	/* supports bad sector forw. */
+#define	D_RAMDISK	0x08	/* disk emulator */
+#define	D_CHAIN		0x10	/* can do back-back transfers */
+
+/*
+* Drive data for SMD.
+*/
+
+#define	d_smdflags	d_drivedata[0]
+#define	D_SSE		0x1	/* supports skip sectoring */
+#define	d_mindist	d_drivedata[1]
+#define	d_maxdist	d_drivedata[2]
+#define	d_sdist		d_drivedata[3]
+
+/*
+* Drive data for ST506.
+*/
+#define d_precompcyl	d_drivedata[0]
+#define d_gap3		d_drivedata[1]	/* used only when formatting */
+
+/*
+ * Drive data for SCSI.
+ */
+#define	d_blind		d_drivedata[0]
+
+#ifndef LOCORE
+/*
+* Structure used to perform a format
+* or other raw operation, returning data
+* and/or register values.
+* Register identification and format
+* are device- and driver-dependent.
+*/
+struct format_op {
+	char	*df_buf;
+	int	df_count;	/* value-result */
+	daddr_t	df_startblk;
+	int	df_reg[8];	/* result */
+};
+
+/*
+* Structure used internally to retrieve
+* information about a partition on a disk.
+*/
+struct partinfo {
+	struct	disklabel *disklab;
+	struct	partition *part;
+};
+
+/*
+* Disk-specific ioctls.
+*/
+	/* get and set disklabel; DIOCGPART used internally */
+#define DIOCGDINFO   _IOR('d', 101, struct disklabel) /* get */
+#define DIOCSDINFO   _IOW('d', 102, struct disklabel) /* set */
+#define DIOCWDINFO   _IOW('d', 103, struct disklabel) /* set, update disk */
+#define DIOCGPART    _IOW('d', 104, struct partinfo)  /* get partition */
+
+/* do format operation, read or write */
+#define DIOCRFORMAT	_IOWR('d', 105, struct format_op)
+#define DIOCWFORMAT	_IOWR('d', 106, struct format_op)
+
+#define DIOCSSTEP	_IOW('d', 107, int) /* set step rate */
+#define DIOCSRETRIES	_IOW('d', 108, int) /* set # of retries */
+#define DIOCWLABEL	_IOW('d', 109, int) /* write en/disable label */
+
+#define DIOCSBAD	_IOW('d', 110, struct dkbad) /* set kernel dkbad */
+
+#endif LOCORE
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr disktab 5 ,
+.Xr disklabel 8
+.Sh HISTORY
diff --git a/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.8 b/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf14e0f23b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)disklabel.8	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
+.\"
+.Dd "April 19, 1994"
+.Dt DISKLABEL 8
+.Os BSD 4.2
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm disklabel
+.Nd read and write disk pack label
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm disklabel
+.Op Fl r
+.Ar disk
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl w
+.Op Fl r
+.Ar disk Ar disktype
+.Oo Ar packid Oc
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl e
+.Op Fl r
+.Ar disk
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl R
+.Op Fl r
+.Ar disk Ar protofile
+.Nm disklabel
+.Op Fl NW
+.Ar disk
+.sp
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl B
+.Oo
+.Fl b Ar boot1
+.Op Fl s Ar boot2
+.Oc
+.Ar disk
+.Oo Ar disktype Oc
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl w
+.Fl B
+.Oo
+.Fl b Ar boot1
+.Op Fl s Ar boot2
+.Oc
+.Ar disk Ar disktype
+.Oo Ar packid Oc
+.Nm disklabel
+.Fl R
+.Fl B
+.Oo
+.Fl b Ar boot1
+.Op Fl s Ar boot2
+.Oc
+.Ar disk Ar protofile
+.Oo Ar disktype Oc
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm Disklabel
+can be used to install, examine or modify the label on a disk drive or pack.
+When writing the label, it can be used
+to change the drive identification,
+the disk partitions on the drive,
+or to replace a damaged label.
+On some systems,
+.Nm disklabel
+can be used to install bootstrap code as well.
+There are several forms of the command that read (display), install or edit
+the label on a disk.
+Each form has an additional option,
+.Fl r ,
+which causes the label to be read from or written to the disk directly,
+rather than going through the system's in-core copy of the label.
+This option may allow a label to be installed on a disk
+without kernel support for a label, such as when labels are first installed
+on a system; it must be used when first installing a label on a disk.
+The specific effect of
+.Fl r
+is described under each command.
+The read and install forms also support the
+.Fl B
+option to install bootstrap code.
+These variants are described later.
+.Pp
+The first form of the command (read) is used to examine the label on the named
+disk drive (e.g. sd0 or /dev/rsd0c).
+It will display all of the parameters associated with the drive
+and its partition layout.
+Unless the
+.Fl r
+flag is given,
+the kernel's in-core copy of the label is displayed;
+if the disk has no label, or the partition types on the disk are incorrect,
+the kernel may have constructed or modified the label.
+If the
+.Fl r
+flag is given, the label from the raw disk will be displayed rather
+than the in-core label.
+.Pp
+The second form of the command, with the
+.Fl w
+flag, is used to write a standard label on the designated drive.
+The required arguments to
+.Nm disklabel
+are the drive to be labelled (e.g. sd0), and
+the drive type as described in the
+.Xr disktab 5
+file.
+The drive parameters and partitions are taken from that file.
+If different disks of the same physical type are to have different
+partitions, it will be necessary to have separate disktab entries
+describing each, or to edit the label after installation as described below.
+The optional argument is a pack identification string,
+up to 16 characters long.
+The pack id must be quoted if it contains blanks.
+If the
+.Fl r
+flag is given, the disk sectors containing the label and bootstrap
+will be written directly.
+A side-effect of this is that any existing bootstrap code will be overwritten
+and the disk rendered unbootable.
+If
+.Fl r
+is not specified,
+the existing label will be updated via the in-core copy and any bootstrap
+code will be unaffected.
+If the disk does not already have a label, the
+.Fl r
+flag must be used.
+In either case, the kernel's in-core label is replaced.
+.Pp
+An existing disk label may be edited by using the
+.Fl e
+flag.
+The label is read from the in-core kernel copy,
+or directly from the disk if the
+.Fl r
+flag is also given.
+The label is formatted and then supplied to an editor for changes.
+If no editor is specified in an
+.Ev EDITOR
+environment variable,
+.Xr vi 1
+is used.
+When the editor terminates, the formatted label is reread
+and used to rewrite the disk label.
+Existing bootstrap code is unchanged regardless of whether
+.Fl r
+was specified.
+.Pp
+With the
+.Fl R
+flag,
+.Nm disklabel
+is capable of restoring a disk label that was formatted
+in a prior operation and saved in an ascii file.
+The prototype file used to create the label should be in the same format
+as that produced when reading or editing a label.
+Comments are delimited by
+.Ar \&#
+and newline.
+As with
+.Fl w ,
+any existing bootstrap code will be clobbered if
+.Fl r
+is specified and will be unaffected otherwise.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl NW
+flags for
+.Nm disklabel
+explicitly disallow and
+allow, respectively, writing of the pack label area on the selected disk.
+.Pp
+The final three forms of
+.Nm disklabel
+are used to install boostrap code on machines where the bootstrap is part
+of the label.
+The bootstrap code is comprised of one or two boot programs depending on
+the machine.
+The
+.Fl B
+option is used to denote that bootstrap code is to be installed.
+The
+.Fl r
+flag is implied by
+.Fl B
+and never needs to be specified.
+The name of the boot program(s) to be installed can be selected in a
+variety of ways.
+First, the names can be specified explicitly via the
+.Fl b
+and
+.Fl s
+flags.
+On machines with only a single level of boot program,
+.Fl b
+is the name of that program.
+For machines with a two-level bootstrap,
+.Fl b
+indicates the primary boot program and
+.Fl s
+the secondary boot program.
+If the names are not explicitly given, standard boot programs will be used.
+The boot programs are located in
+.Pa /usr/mdec .
+The names of the programs are taken from the ``b0'' and ``b1'' parameters
+of the
+.Xr disktab 5
+entry for the disk if
+.Ar disktype
+was given and its disktab entry exists and includes those parameters.
+Otherwise, boot program names are derived from the name of the disk.
+These names are of the form
+.Pa basename Ns boot
+for the primary (or only) bootstrap, and
+.Pf boot Pa basename
+for the secondary bootstrap;
+for example,
+.Pa /usr/mdec/sdboot
+and
+.Pa /usr/mdec/bootsd
+if the disk device is
+.Em sd0 .
+.Pp
+The first of the three boot-installation forms is used to install
+bootstrap code without changing the existing label.
+It is essentially a read command with respect to the disk label
+itself and all options are related to the specification of the boot
+program as described previously.
+The final two forms are analogous to the basic write and restore versions
+except that they will install bootstrap code in addition to a new label.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
+.It Pa /etc/disktab
+.It Pa /usr/mdec/ Ns Em xx Ns boot
+.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot Ns Em xx
+.El
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+.Dl disklabel sd0
+.Pp
+Display the in-core label for sd0 as obtained via
+.Pa /dev/rsd0c .
+.Pp
+.Dl disklabel -w -r /dev/rsd0c sd2212 foo
+.Pp
+Create a label for sd0 based on information for ``sd2212'' found in
+.Pa /etc/disktab .
+Any existing bootstrap code will be clobbered.
+.Pp
+.Dl disklabel -e -r sd0
+.Pp
+Read the on-disk label for sd0, edit it and reinstall in-core as well
+as on-disk.
+Existing bootstrap code is unaffected.
+.Pp
+.Dl disklabel -R sd0 mylabel
+.Pp
+Restore the on-disk and in-core label for sd0 from information in
+.Pa mylabel .
+Existing bootstrap code is unaffected.
+.Pp
+.Dl disklabel -B sd0
+.Pp
+Install a new bootstrap on sd0.
+The boot code comes from
+.Pa /usr/mdec/sdboot
+and possibly
+.Pa /usr/mdec/bootsd .
+On-disk and in-core labels are unchanged.
+.Pp
+.Dl disklabel -w -B /dev/rsd0c -b newboot sd2212
+.Pp
+Install a new label and bootstrap.
+The label is derived from disktab information for ``sd2212'' and
+installed both in-core and on-disk.
+The bootstrap code comes from the file
+.Pa /usr/mdec/newboot .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr disktab 5 ,
+.Xr disklabel 5
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+The kernel device drivers will not allow the size of a disk partition
+to be decreased or the offset of a partition to be changed while it is open.
+Some device drivers create a label containing only a single large partition
+if a disk is unlabeled; thus, the label must be written to the ``a''
+partition of the disk while it is open.
+This sometimes requires the desired label to be set in two steps,
+the first one creating at least one other partition,
+and the second setting the label on the new partition
+while shrinking the ``a'' partition.
+.Pp
+On some machines the bootstrap code may not fit entirely in the area
+allocated for it by some filesystems.
+As a result, it may not be possible to have filesystems on some partitions
+of a ``bootable'' disk.
+When installing bootstrap code,
+.Nm disklabel
+checks for these cases.
+If the installed boot code would overlap a partition of type FS_UNUSED
+it is marked as type FS_BOOT.
+The
+.Xr newfs 8
+utility will disallow creation of filesystems on FS_BOOT partitions.
+Conversely, if a partition has a type other than FS_UNUSED or FS_BOOT,
+.Nm disklabel
+will not install bootstrap code that overlaps it.
+.Sh BUGS
+When a disk name is given without a full pathname,
+the constructed device name uses the ``a'' partition on the tahoe,
+the ``c'' partition on all others.
diff --git a/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.c b/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4a2934078584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1314 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Symmetric Computer Systems.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1987, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)disklabel.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 1/7/94";
+/* from static char sccsid[] = "@(#)disklabel.c	1.2 (Symmetric) 11/28/85"; */
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/signal.h>
+#include <sys/errno.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#define DKTYPENAMES
+#include <sys/disklabel.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include "pathnames.h"
+
+/*
+ * Disklabel: read and write disklabels.
+ * The label is usually placed on one of the first sectors of the disk.
+ * Many machines also place a bootstrap in the same area,
+ * in which case the label is embedded in the bootstrap.
+ * The bootstrap source must leave space at the proper offset
+ * for the label on such machines.
+ */
+
+#ifdef tahoe
+#define RAWPARTITION	'a'
+#else
+#define RAWPARTITION	'c'
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BBSIZE
+#define	BBSIZE	8192			/* size of boot area, with label */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef tahoe
+#define	NUMBOOT	0
+#else
+#if defined(hp300) || defined(hp800)
+#define	NUMBOOT	1
+#else
+#define	NUMBOOT	2
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define	DEFEDITOR	_PATH_VI
+#define	streq(a,b)	(strcmp(a,b) == 0)
+
+char	*dkname;
+char	*specname;
+char	tmpfil[] = _PATH_TMP;
+
+extern	int errno;
+char	namebuf[BBSIZE], *np = namebuf;
+struct	disklabel lab;
+struct	disklabel *readlabel(), *makebootarea();
+char	bootarea[BBSIZE];
+
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+int	installboot;	/* non-zero if we should install a boot program */
+char	*bootbuf;	/* pointer to buffer with remainder of boot prog */
+int	bootsize;	/* size of remaining boot program */
+char	*xxboot;	/* primary boot */
+char	*bootxx;	/* secondary boot */
+char	boot0[MAXPATHLEN];
+char	boot1[MAXPATHLEN];
+#endif
+
+enum	{
+	UNSPEC, EDIT, NOWRITE, READ, RESTORE, WRITE, WRITEABLE, WRITEBOOT
+} op = UNSPEC;
+
+int	rflag;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+int	debug;
+#define OPTIONS	"BNRWb:ders:w"
+#else
+#define OPTIONS	"BNRWb:ers:w"
+#endif
+
+
+main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char *argv[];
+{
+	extern char *optarg;
+	extern int optind;
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+	FILE *t;
+	int ch, f, flag, error = 0;
+	char *name = 0;
+
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, OPTIONS)) != EOF)
+		switch (ch) {
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+			case 'B':
+				++installboot;
+				break;
+			case 'b':
+				xxboot = optarg;
+				break;
+#if NUMBOOT > 1
+			case 's':
+				bootxx = optarg;
+				break;
+#endif
+#endif
+			case 'N':
+				if (op != UNSPEC)
+					usage();
+				op = NOWRITE;
+				break;
+			case 'R':
+				if (op != UNSPEC)
+					usage();
+				op = RESTORE;
+				break;
+			case 'W':
+				if (op != UNSPEC)
+					usage();
+				op = WRITEABLE;
+				break;
+			case 'e':
+				if (op != UNSPEC)
+					usage();
+				op = EDIT;
+				break;
+			case 'r':
+				++rflag;
+				break;
+			case 'w':
+				if (op != UNSPEC)
+					usage();
+				op = WRITE;
+				break;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+			case 'd':
+				debug++;
+				break;
+#endif
+			case '?':
+			default:
+				usage();
+		}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	if (installboot) {
+		rflag++;
+		if (op == UNSPEC)
+			op = WRITEBOOT;
+	} else {
+		if (op == UNSPEC)
+			op = READ;
+		xxboot = bootxx = 0;
+	}
+#else
+	if (op == UNSPEC)
+		op = READ;
+#endif
+	if (argc < 1)
+		usage();
+
+	dkname = argv[0];
+	if (dkname[0] != '/') {
+		(void)sprintf(np, "%sr%s%c", _PATH_DEV, dkname, RAWPARTITION);
+		specname = np;
+		np += strlen(specname) + 1;
+	} else
+		specname = dkname;
+	f = open(specname, op == READ ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR);
+	if (f < 0 && errno == ENOENT && dkname[0] != '/') {
+		(void)sprintf(specname, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, dkname);
+		np = namebuf + strlen(specname) + 1;
+		f = open(specname, op == READ ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR);
+	}
+	if (f < 0)
+		Perror(specname);
+
+	switch(op) {
+
+	case EDIT:
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage();
+		lp = readlabel(f);
+		error = edit(lp, f);
+		break;
+
+	case NOWRITE:
+		flag = 0;
+		if (ioctl(f, DIOCWLABEL, (char *)&flag) < 0)
+			Perror("ioctl DIOCWLABEL");
+		break;
+
+	case READ:
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage();
+		lp = readlabel(f);
+		display(stdout, lp);
+		error = checklabel(lp);
+		break;
+
+	case RESTORE:
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+		if (installboot && argc == 3) {
+			makelabel(argv[2], 0, &lab);
+			argc--;
+		}
+#endif
+		if (argc != 2)
+			usage();
+		lp = makebootarea(bootarea, &lab, f);
+		if (!(t = fopen(argv[1], "r")))
+			Perror(argv[1]);
+		if (getasciilabel(t, lp))
+			error = writelabel(f, bootarea, lp);
+		break;
+
+	case WRITE:
+		if (argc == 3) {
+			name = argv[2];
+			argc--;
+		}
+		if (argc != 2)
+			usage();
+		makelabel(argv[1], name, &lab);
+		lp = makebootarea(bootarea, &lab, f);
+		*lp = lab;
+		if (checklabel(lp) == 0)
+			error = writelabel(f, bootarea, lp);
+		break;
+
+	case WRITEABLE:
+		flag = 1;
+		if (ioctl(f, DIOCWLABEL, (char *)&flag) < 0)
+			Perror("ioctl DIOCWLABEL");
+		break;
+
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	case WRITEBOOT:
+	{
+		struct disklabel tlab;
+
+		lp = readlabel(f);
+		tlab = *lp;
+		if (argc == 2)
+			makelabel(argv[1], 0, &lab);
+		lp = makebootarea(bootarea, &lab, f);
+		*lp = tlab;
+		if (checklabel(lp) == 0)
+			error = writelabel(f, bootarea, lp);
+		break;
+	}
+#endif
+	}
+	exit(error);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Construct a prototype disklabel from /etc/disktab.  As a side
+ * effect, set the names of the primary and secondary boot files
+ * if specified.
+ */
+makelabel(type, name, lp)
+	char *type, *name;
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register struct disklabel *dp;
+	char *strcpy();
+
+	dp = getdiskbyname(type);
+	if (dp == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown disk type\n", type);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	*lp = *dp;
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	/*
+	 * Set bootstrap name(s).
+	 * 1. If set from command line, use those,
+	 * 2. otherwise, check if disktab specifies them (b0 or b1),
+	 * 3. otherwise, makebootarea() will choose ones based on the name
+	 *    of the disk special file. E.g. /dev/ra0 -> raboot, bootra
+	 */
+	if (!xxboot && lp->d_boot0) {
+		if (*lp->d_boot0 != '/')
+			(void)sprintf(boot0, "%s/%s",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, lp->d_boot0);
+		else
+			(void)strcpy(boot0, lp->d_boot0);
+		xxboot = boot0;
+	}
+#if NUMBOOT > 1
+	if (!bootxx && lp->d_boot1) {
+		if (*lp->d_boot1 != '/')
+			(void)sprintf(boot1, "%s/%s",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, lp->d_boot1);
+		else
+			(void)strcpy(boot1, lp->d_boot1);
+		bootxx = boot1;
+	}
+#endif
+#endif
+	/* d_packname is union d_boot[01], so zero */
+	bzero(lp->d_packname, sizeof(lp->d_packname));
+	if (name)
+		(void)strncpy(lp->d_packname, name, sizeof(lp->d_packname));
+}
+
+writelabel(f, boot, lp)
+	int f;
+	char *boot;
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register int i;
+	int flag;
+
+	setbootflag(lp);
+	lp->d_magic = DISKMAGIC;
+	lp->d_magic2 = DISKMAGIC;
+	lp->d_checksum = 0;
+	lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
+	if (rflag) {
+		/*
+		 * First set the kernel disk label,
+		 * then write a label to the raw disk.
+		 * If the SDINFO ioctl fails because it is unimplemented,
+		 * keep going; otherwise, the kernel consistency checks
+		 * may prevent us from changing the current (in-core)
+		 * label.
+		 */
+		if (ioctl(f, DIOCSDINFO, lp) < 0 &&
+		    errno != ENODEV && errno != ENOTTY) {
+			l_perror("ioctl DIOCSDINFO");
+			return (1);
+		}
+		(void)lseek(f, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET);
+		/*
+		 * write enable label sector before write (if necessary),
+		 * disable after writing.
+		 */
+		flag = 1;
+		if (ioctl(f, DIOCWLABEL, &flag) < 0)
+			perror("ioctl DIOCWLABEL");
+		if (write(f, boot, lp->d_bbsize) != lp->d_bbsize) {
+			perror("write");
+			return (1);
+		}
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+		/*
+		 * Output the remainder of the disklabel
+		 */
+		if (bootbuf && write(f, bootbuf, bootsize) != bootsize) {
+			perror("write");
+			return(1);
+		}
+#endif
+		flag = 0;
+		(void) ioctl(f, DIOCWLABEL, &flag);
+	} else if (ioctl(f, DIOCWDINFO, lp) < 0) {
+		l_perror("ioctl DIOCWDINFO");
+		return (1);
+	}
+#ifdef vax
+	if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) {
+		daddr_t alt;
+
+		alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors;
+		for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) {
+			(void)lseek(f, (off_t)((alt + i) * lp->d_secsize),
+			    SEEK_SET);
+			if (write(f, boot, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize) {
+				int oerrno = errno;
+				fprintf(stderr, "alternate label %d ", i/2);
+				errno = oerrno;
+				perror("write");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+	return (0);
+}
+
+l_perror(s)
+	char *s;
+{
+	int saverrno = errno;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "disklabel: %s: ", s);
+
+	switch (saverrno) {
+
+	case ESRCH:
+		fprintf(stderr, "No disk label on disk;\n");
+		fprintf(stderr,
+		    "use \"disklabel -r\" to install initial label\n");
+		break;
+
+	case EINVAL:
+		fprintf(stderr, "Label magic number or checksum is wrong!\n");
+		fprintf(stderr, "(disklabel or kernel is out of date?)\n");
+		break;
+
+	case EBUSY:
+		fprintf(stderr, "Open partition would move or shrink\n");
+		break;
+
+	case EXDEV:
+		fprintf(stderr,
+	"Labeled partition or 'a' partition must start at beginning of disk\n");
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		errno = saverrno;
+		perror((char *)NULL);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fetch disklabel for disk.
+ * Use ioctl to get label unless -r flag is given.
+ */
+struct disklabel *
+readlabel(f)
+	int f;
+{
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+
+	if (rflag) {
+		if (read(f, bootarea, BBSIZE) < BBSIZE)
+			Perror(specname);
+		for (lp = (struct disklabel *)bootarea;
+		    lp <= (struct disklabel *)(bootarea + BBSIZE - sizeof(*lp));
+		    lp = (struct disklabel *)((char *)lp + 16))
+			if (lp->d_magic == DISKMAGIC &&
+			    lp->d_magic2 == DISKMAGIC)
+				break;
+		if (lp > (struct disklabel *)(bootarea+BBSIZE-sizeof(*lp)) ||
+		    lp->d_magic != DISKMAGIC || lp->d_magic2 != DISKMAGIC ||
+		    dkcksum(lp) != 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+	"Bad pack magic number (label is damaged, or pack is unlabeled)\n");
+			/* lp = (struct disklabel *)(bootarea + LABELOFFSET); */
+			exit (1);
+		}
+	} else {
+		lp = &lab;
+		if (ioctl(f, DIOCGDINFO, lp) < 0)
+			Perror("ioctl DIOCGDINFO");
+	}
+	return (lp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Construct a bootarea (d_bbsize bytes) in the specified buffer ``boot''
+ * Returns a pointer to the disklabel portion of the bootarea.
+ */
+struct disklabel *
+makebootarea(boot, dp, f)
+	char *boot;
+	register struct disklabel *dp;
+	int f;
+{
+	struct disklabel *lp;
+	register char *p;
+	int b;
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	char *dkbasename;
+	struct stat sb;
+#endif
+
+	/* XXX */
+	if (dp->d_secsize == 0) {
+		dp->d_secsize = DEV_BSIZE;
+		dp->d_bbsize = BBSIZE;
+	}
+	lp = (struct disklabel *)
+		(boot + (LABELSECTOR * dp->d_secsize) + LABELOFFSET);
+	bzero((char *)lp, sizeof *lp);
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	/*
+	 * If we are not installing a boot program but we are installing a
+	 * label on disk then we must read the current bootarea so we don't
+	 * clobber the existing boot.
+	 */
+	if (!installboot) {
+		if (rflag) {
+			if (read(f, boot, BBSIZE) < BBSIZE)
+				Perror(specname);
+			bzero((char *)lp, sizeof *lp);
+		}
+		return (lp);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * We are installing a boot program.  Determine the name(s) and
+	 * read them into the appropriate places in the boot area.
+	 */
+	if (!xxboot || !bootxx) {
+		dkbasename = np;
+		if ((p = rindex(dkname, '/')) == NULL)
+			p = dkname;
+		else
+			p++;
+		while (*p && !isdigit(*p))
+			*np++ = *p++;
+		*np++ = '\0';
+
+		if (!xxboot) {
+			(void)sprintf(np, "%s/%sboot",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, dkbasename);
+			if (access(np, F_OK) < 0 && dkbasename[0] == 'r')
+				dkbasename++;
+			xxboot = np;
+			(void)sprintf(xxboot, "%s/%sboot",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, dkbasename);
+			np += strlen(xxboot) + 1;
+		}
+#if NUMBOOT > 1
+		if (!bootxx) {
+			(void)sprintf(np, "%s/boot%s",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, dkbasename);
+			if (access(np, F_OK) < 0 && dkbasename[0] == 'r')
+				dkbasename++;
+			bootxx = np;
+			(void)sprintf(bootxx, "%s/boot%s",
+				      _PATH_BOOTDIR, dkbasename);
+			np += strlen(bootxx) + 1;
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+#ifdef DEBUG
+	if (debug)
+		fprintf(stderr, "bootstraps: xxboot = %s, bootxx = %s\n",
+			xxboot, bootxx ? bootxx : "NONE");
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Strange rules:
+	 * 1. One-piece bootstrap (hp300/hp800)
+	 *	up to d_bbsize bytes of ``xxboot'' go in bootarea, the rest
+	 *	is remembered and written later following the bootarea.
+	 * 2. Two-piece bootstraps (vax/i386?/mips?)
+	 *	up to d_secsize bytes of ``xxboot'' go in first d_secsize
+	 *	bytes of bootarea, remaining d_bbsize-d_secsize filled
+	 *	from ``bootxx''.
+	 */
+	b = open(xxboot, O_RDONLY);
+	if (b < 0)
+		Perror(xxboot);
+#if NUMBOOT > 1
+	if (read(b, boot, (int)dp->d_secsize) < 0)
+		Perror(xxboot);
+	(void)close(b);
+	b = open(bootxx, O_RDONLY);
+	if (b < 0)
+		Perror(bootxx);
+	if (read(b, &boot[dp->d_secsize], (int)(dp->d_bbsize-dp->d_secsize)) < 0)
+		Perror(bootxx);
+#else
+	if (read(b, boot, (int)dp->d_bbsize) < 0)
+		Perror(xxboot);
+	(void)fstat(b, &sb);
+	bootsize = (int)sb.st_size - dp->d_bbsize;
+	if (bootsize > 0) {
+		/* XXX assume d_secsize is a power of two */
+		bootsize = (bootsize + dp->d_secsize-1) & ~(dp->d_secsize-1);
+		bootbuf = (char *)malloc((size_t)bootsize);
+		if (bootbuf == 0)
+			Perror(xxboot);
+		if (read(b, bootbuf, bootsize) < 0) {
+			free(bootbuf);
+			Perror(xxboot);
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+	(void)close(b);
+#endif
+	/*
+	 * Make sure no part of the bootstrap is written in the area
+	 * reserved for the label.
+	 */
+	for (p = (char *)lp; p < (char *)lp + sizeof(struct disklabel); p++)
+		if (*p) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+			    "Bootstrap doesn't leave room for disk label\n");
+			exit(2);
+		}
+	return (lp);
+}
+
+display(f, lp)
+	FILE *f;
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register int i, j;
+	register struct partition *pp;
+
+	fprintf(f, "# %s:\n", specname);
+	if ((unsigned) lp->d_type < DKMAXTYPES)
+		fprintf(f, "type: %s\n", dktypenames[lp->d_type]);
+	else
+		fprintf(f, "type: %d\n", lp->d_type);
+	fprintf(f, "disk: %.*s\n", sizeof(lp->d_typename), lp->d_typename);
+	fprintf(f, "label: %.*s\n", sizeof(lp->d_packname), lp->d_packname);
+	fprintf(f, "flags:");
+	if (lp->d_flags & D_REMOVABLE)
+		fprintf(f, " removeable");
+	if (lp->d_flags & D_ECC)
+		fprintf(f, " ecc");
+	if (lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT)
+		fprintf(f, " badsect");
+	fprintf(f, "\n");
+	fprintf(f, "bytes/sector: %d\n", lp->d_secsize);
+	fprintf(f, "sectors/track: %d\n", lp->d_nsectors);
+	fprintf(f, "tracks/cylinder: %d\n", lp->d_ntracks);
+	fprintf(f, "sectors/cylinder: %d\n", lp->d_secpercyl);
+	fprintf(f, "cylinders: %d\n", lp->d_ncylinders);
+	fprintf(f, "rpm: %d\n", lp->d_rpm);
+	fprintf(f, "interleave: %d\n", lp->d_interleave);
+	fprintf(f, "trackskew: %d\n", lp->d_trackskew);
+	fprintf(f, "cylinderskew: %d\n", lp->d_cylskew);
+	fprintf(f, "headswitch: %d\t\t# milliseconds\n", lp->d_headswitch);
+	fprintf(f, "track-to-track seek: %d\t# milliseconds\n", lp->d_trkseek);
+	fprintf(f, "drivedata: ");
+	for (i = NDDATA - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		if (lp->d_drivedata[i])
+			break;
+	if (i < 0)
+		i = 0;
+	for (j = 0; j <= i; j++)
+		fprintf(f, "%d ", lp->d_drivedata[j]);
+	fprintf(f, "\n\n%d partitions:\n", lp->d_npartitions);
+	fprintf(f,
+	    "#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize   cpg]\n");
+	pp = lp->d_partitions;
+	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++, pp++) {
+		if (pp->p_size) {
+			fprintf(f, "  %c: %8d %8d  ", 'a' + i,
+			   pp->p_size, pp->p_offset);
+			if ((unsigned) pp->p_fstype < FSMAXTYPES)
+				fprintf(f, "%8.8s", fstypenames[pp->p_fstype]);
+			else
+				fprintf(f, "%8d", pp->p_fstype);
+			switch (pp->p_fstype) {
+
+			case FS_UNUSED:				/* XXX */
+				fprintf(f, "    %5d %5d %5.5s ",
+				    pp->p_fsize, pp->p_fsize * pp->p_frag, "");
+				break;
+
+			case FS_BSDFFS:
+				fprintf(f, "    %5d %5d %5d ",
+				    pp->p_fsize, pp->p_fsize * pp->p_frag,
+				    pp->p_cpg);
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				fprintf(f, "%20.20s", "");
+				break;
+			}
+			fprintf(f, "\t# (Cyl. %4d",
+			    pp->p_offset / lp->d_secpercyl);
+			if (pp->p_offset % lp->d_secpercyl)
+			    putc('*', f);
+			else
+			    putc(' ', f);
+			fprintf(f, "- %d",
+			    (pp->p_offset + 
+			    pp->p_size + lp->d_secpercyl - 1) /
+			    lp->d_secpercyl - 1);
+			if (pp->p_size % lp->d_secpercyl)
+			    putc('*', f);
+			fprintf(f, ")\n");
+		}
+	}
+	fflush(f);
+}
+
+edit(lp, f)
+	struct disklabel *lp;
+	int f;
+{
+	register int c;
+	struct disklabel label;
+	FILE *fd;
+	char *mktemp();
+
+	(void) mktemp(tmpfil);
+	fd = fopen(tmpfil, "w");
+	if (fd == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't create\n", tmpfil);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	(void)fchmod(fileno(fd), 0600);
+	display(fd, lp);
+	fclose(fd);
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!editit())
+			break;
+		fd = fopen(tmpfil, "r");
+		if (fd == NULL) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't reopen for reading\n",
+				tmpfil);
+			break;
+		}
+		bzero((char *)&label, sizeof(label));
+		if (getasciilabel(fd, &label)) {
+			*lp = label;
+			if (writelabel(f, bootarea, lp) == 0) {
+				(void) unlink(tmpfil);
+				return (0);
+			}
+		}
+		printf("re-edit the label? [y]: "); fflush(stdout);
+		c = getchar();
+		if (c != EOF && c != (int)'\n')
+			while (getchar() != (int)'\n')
+				;
+		if  (c == (int)'n')
+			break;
+	}
+	(void) unlink(tmpfil);
+	return (1);
+}
+
+editit()
+{
+	register int pid, xpid;
+	int stat, omask;
+	extern char *getenv();
+
+	omask = sigblock(sigmask(SIGINT)|sigmask(SIGQUIT)|sigmask(SIGHUP));
+	while ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
+		extern int errno;
+
+		if (errno == EPROCLIM) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "You have too many processes\n");
+			return(0);
+		}
+		if (errno != EAGAIN) {
+			perror("fork");
+			return(0);
+		}
+		sleep(1);
+	}
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		register char *ed;
+
+		sigsetmask(omask);
+		setgid(getgid());
+		setuid(getuid());
+		if ((ed = getenv("EDITOR")) == (char *)0)
+			ed = DEFEDITOR;
+		execlp(ed, ed, tmpfil, 0);
+		perror(ed);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	while ((xpid = wait(&stat)) >= 0)
+		if (xpid == pid)
+			break;
+	sigsetmask(omask);
+	return(!stat);
+}
+
+char *
+skip(cp)
+	register char *cp;
+{
+
+	while (*cp != '\0' && isspace(*cp))
+		cp++;
+	if (*cp == '\0' || *cp == '#')
+		return ((char *)NULL);
+	return (cp);
+}
+
+char *
+word(cp)
+	register char *cp;
+{
+	register char c;
+
+	while (*cp != '\0' && !isspace(*cp) && *cp != '#')
+		cp++;
+	if ((c = *cp) != '\0') {
+		*cp++ = '\0';
+		if (c != '#')
+			return (skip(cp));
+	}
+	return ((char *)NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read an ascii label in from fd f,
+ * in the same format as that put out by display(),
+ * and fill in lp.
+ */
+getasciilabel(f, lp)
+	FILE	*f;
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register char **cpp, *cp;
+	register struct partition *pp;
+	char *tp, *s, line[BUFSIZ];
+	int v, lineno = 0, errors = 0;
+
+	lp->d_bbsize = BBSIZE;				/* XXX */
+	lp->d_sbsize = SBSIZE;				/* XXX */
+	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line) - 1, f)) {
+		lineno++;
+		if (cp = index(line,'\n'))
+			*cp = '\0';
+		cp = skip(line);
+		if (cp == NULL)
+			continue;
+		tp = index(cp, ':');
+		if (tp == NULL) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "line %d: syntax error\n", lineno);
+			errors++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		*tp++ = '\0', tp = skip(tp);
+		if (streq(cp, "type")) {
+			if (tp == NULL)
+				tp = "unknown";
+			cpp = dktypenames;
+			for (; cpp < &dktypenames[DKMAXTYPES]; cpp++)
+				if ((s = *cpp) && streq(s, tp)) {
+					lp->d_type = cpp - dktypenames;
+					goto next;
+				}
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if ((unsigned)v >= DKMAXTYPES)
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d:%s %d\n", lineno,
+				    "Warning, unknown disk type", v);
+			lp->d_type = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "flags")) {
+			for (v = 0; (cp = tp) && *cp != '\0';) {
+				tp = word(cp);
+				if (streq(cp, "removeable"))
+					v |= D_REMOVABLE;
+				else if (streq(cp, "ecc"))
+					v |= D_ECC;
+				else if (streq(cp, "badsect"))
+					v |= D_BADSECT;
+				else {
+					fprintf(stderr,
+					    "line %d: %s: bad flag\n",
+					    lineno, cp);
+					errors++;
+				}
+			}
+			lp->d_flags = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "drivedata")) {
+			register int i;
+
+			for (i = 0; (cp = tp) && *cp != '\0' && i < NDDATA;) {
+				lp->d_drivedata[i++] = atoi(cp);
+				tp = word(cp);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (sscanf(cp, "%d partitions", &v) == 1) {
+			if (v == 0 || (unsigned)v > MAXPARTITIONS) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+				    "line %d: bad # of partitions\n", lineno);
+				lp->d_npartitions = MAXPARTITIONS;
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_npartitions = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (tp == NULL)
+			tp = "";
+		if (streq(cp, "disk")) {
+			strncpy(lp->d_typename, tp, sizeof (lp->d_typename));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "label")) {
+			strncpy(lp->d_packname, tp, sizeof (lp->d_packname));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "bytes/sector")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0 || (v % 512) != 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+				    "line %d: %s: bad sector size\n",
+				    lineno, tp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_secsize = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "sectors/track")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_nsectors = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "sectors/cylinder")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_secpercyl = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "tracks/cylinder")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_ntracks = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "cylinders")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_ncylinders = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "rpm")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_rpm = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "interleave")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v <= 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_interleave = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "trackskew")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_trackskew = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "cylinderskew")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_cylskew = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "headswitch")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_headswitch = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (streq(cp, "track-to-track seek")) {
+			v = atoi(tp);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
+				    lineno, tp, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				lp->d_trkseek = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if ('a' <= *cp && *cp <= 'z' && cp[1] == '\0') {
+			unsigned part = *cp - 'a';
+
+			if (part > lp->d_npartitions) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+				    "line %d: bad partition name\n", lineno);
+				errors++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			pp = &lp->d_partitions[part];
+#define NXTNUM(n) { \
+	cp = tp, tp = word(cp); \
+	if (tp == NULL) \
+		tp = cp; \
+	(n) = atoi(cp); \
+     }
+
+			NXTNUM(v);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+				    "line %d: %s: bad partition size\n",
+				    lineno, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				pp->p_size = v;
+			NXTNUM(v);
+			if (v < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+				    "line %d: %s: bad partition offset\n",
+				    lineno, cp);
+				errors++;
+			} else
+				pp->p_offset = v;
+			cp = tp, tp = word(cp);
+			cpp = fstypenames;
+			for (; cpp < &fstypenames[FSMAXTYPES]; cpp++)
+				if ((s = *cpp) && streq(s, cp)) {
+					pp->p_fstype = cpp - fstypenames;
+					goto gottype;
+				}
+			if (isdigit(*cp))
+				v = atoi(cp);
+			else
+				v = FSMAXTYPES;
+			if ((unsigned)v >= FSMAXTYPES) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s %s\n", lineno,
+				    "Warning, unknown filesystem type", cp);
+				v = FS_UNUSED;
+			}
+			pp->p_fstype = v;
+	gottype:
+
+			switch (pp->p_fstype) {
+
+			case FS_UNUSED:				/* XXX */
+				NXTNUM(pp->p_fsize);
+				if (pp->p_fsize == 0)
+					break;
+				NXTNUM(v);
+				pp->p_frag = v / pp->p_fsize;
+				break;
+
+			case FS_BSDFFS:
+				NXTNUM(pp->p_fsize);
+				if (pp->p_fsize == 0)
+					break;
+				NXTNUM(v);
+				pp->p_frag = v / pp->p_fsize;
+				NXTNUM(pp->p_cpg);
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				break;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: Unknown disklabel field\n",
+		    lineno, cp);
+		errors++;
+	next:
+		;
+	}
+	errors += checklabel(lp);
+	return (errors == 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check disklabel for errors and fill in
+ * derived fields according to supplied values.
+ */
+checklabel(lp)
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register struct partition *pp;
+	int i, errors = 0;
+	char part;
+
+	if (lp->d_secsize == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "sector size %d\n", lp->d_secsize);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	if (lp->d_nsectors == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "sectors/track %d\n", lp->d_nsectors);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	if (lp->d_ntracks == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "tracks/cylinder %d\n", lp->d_ntracks);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	if  (lp->d_ncylinders == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "cylinders/unit %d\n", lp->d_ncylinders);
+		errors++;
+	}
+	if (lp->d_rpm == 0)
+		Warning("revolutions/minute %d", lp->d_rpm);
+	if (lp->d_secpercyl == 0)
+		lp->d_secpercyl = lp->d_nsectors * lp->d_ntracks;
+	if (lp->d_secperunit == 0)
+		lp->d_secperunit = lp->d_secpercyl * lp->d_ncylinders;
+	if (lp->d_bbsize == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "boot block size %d\n", lp->d_bbsize);
+		errors++;
+	} else if (lp->d_bbsize % lp->d_secsize)
+		Warning("boot block size %% sector-size != 0");
+	if (lp->d_sbsize == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "super block size %d\n", lp->d_sbsize);
+		errors++;
+	} else if (lp->d_sbsize % lp->d_secsize)
+		Warning("super block size %% sector-size != 0");
+	if (lp->d_npartitions > MAXPARTITIONS)
+		Warning("number of partitions (%d) > MAXPARTITIONS (%d)",
+		    lp->d_npartitions, MAXPARTITIONS);
+	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
+		part = 'a' + i;
+		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
+		if (pp->p_size == 0 && pp->p_offset != 0)
+			Warning("partition %c: size 0, but offset %d",
+			    part, pp->p_offset);
+#ifdef notdef
+		if (pp->p_size % lp->d_secpercyl)
+			Warning("partition %c: size %% cylinder-size != 0",
+			    part);
+		if (pp->p_offset % lp->d_secpercyl)
+			Warning("partition %c: offset %% cylinder-size != 0",
+			    part);
+#endif
+		if (pp->p_offset > lp->d_secperunit) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+			    "partition %c: offset past end of unit\n", part);
+			errors++;
+		}
+		if (pp->p_offset + pp->p_size > lp->d_secperunit) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+			    "partition %c: partition extends past end of unit\n",
+			    part);
+			errors++;
+		}
+	}
+	for (; i < MAXPARTITIONS; i++) {
+		part = 'a' + i;
+		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
+		if (pp->p_size || pp->p_offset)
+			Warning("unused partition %c: size %d offset %d",
+			    'a' + i, pp->p_size, pp->p_offset);
+	}
+	return (errors);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If we are installing a boot program that doesn't fit in d_bbsize
+ * we need to mark those partitions that the boot overflows into.
+ * This allows newfs to prevent creation of a filesystem where it might
+ * clobber bootstrap code.
+ */
+setbootflag(lp)
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register struct partition *pp;
+	int i, errors = 0;
+	char part;
+	u_long boffset;
+
+	if (bootbuf == 0)
+		return;
+	boffset = bootsize / lp->d_secsize;
+	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
+		part = 'a' + i;
+		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
+		if (pp->p_size == 0)
+			continue;
+		if (boffset <= pp->p_offset) {
+			if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
+				pp->p_fstype = FS_UNUSED;
+		} else if (pp->p_fstype != FS_BOOT) {
+			if (pp->p_fstype != FS_UNUSED) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"boot overlaps used partition %c\n",
+					part);
+				errors++;
+			} else {
+				pp->p_fstype = FS_BOOT;
+				Warning("boot overlaps partition %c, %s",
+					part, "marked as FS_BOOT");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (errors) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Cannot install boot program\n");
+		exit(4);
+	}
+}
+
+/*VARARGS1*/
+Warning(fmt, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5)
+	char *fmt;
+{
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Warning, ");
+	fprintf(stderr, fmt, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+}
+
+Perror(str)
+	char *str;
+{
+	fputs("disklabel: ", stderr); perror(str);
+	exit(4);
+}
+
+usage()
+{
+#if NUMBOOT > 0
+	fprintf(stderr,
+"%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n",
+"usage: disklabel [-r] disk",
+		"(to read label)",
+"or disklabel -w [-r] disk type [ packid ]",
+		"(to write label with existing boot program)",
+"or disklabel -e [-r] disk",
+		"(to edit label)",
+"or disklabel -R [-r] disk protofile",
+		"(to restore label with existing boot program)",
+#if NUMBOOT > 1
+"or disklabel -B [ -b boot1 [ -s boot2 ] ] disk [ type ]",
+		"(to install boot program with existing label)",
+"or disklabel -w -B [ -b boot1 [ -s boot2 ] ] disk type [ packid ]",
+		"(to write label and boot program)",
+"or disklabel -R -B [ -b boot1 [ -s boot2 ] ] disk protofile [ type ]",
+		"(to restore label and boot program)",
+#else
+"or disklabel -B [ -b bootprog ] disk [ type ]",
+		"(to install boot program with existing on-disk label)",
+"or disklabel -w -B [ -b bootprog ] disk type [ packid ]",
+		"(to write label and install boot program)",
+"or disklabel -R -B [ -b bootprog ] disk protofile [ type ]",
+		"(to restore label and install boot program)",
+#endif
+"or disklabel [-NW] disk",
+		"(to write disable/enable label)");
+#else
+	fprintf(stderr, "%-43s%s\n%-43s%s\n%-43s%s\n%-43s%s\n%-43s%s\n",
+"usage: disklabel [-r] disk", "(to read label)",
+"or disklabel -w [-r] disk type [ packid ]", "(to write label)",
+"or disklabel -e [-r] disk", "(to edit label)",
+"or disklabel -R [-r] disk protofile", "(to restore label)",
+"or disklabel [-NW] disk", "(to write disable/enable label)");
+#endif
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/disklabel/dkcksum.c b/sbin/disklabel/dkcksum.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f7a1e4917df6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/disklabel/dkcksum.c
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dkcksum.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/disklabel.h>
+
+u_short
+dkcksum(lp)
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+{
+	register u_short *start, *end;
+	register u_short sum = 0;
+
+	start = (u_short *)lp;
+	end = (u_short *)&lp->d_partitions[lp->d_npartitions];
+	while (start < end)
+		sum ^= *start++;
+	return (sum);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/disklabel/pathnames.h b/sbin/disklabel/pathnames.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..def3297d205e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/disklabel/pathnames.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ *	@(#)pathnames.h	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+ */
+
+#include <paths.h>
+
+#define	_PATH_BOOTDIR	"/usr/mdec"
+#undef _PATH_TMP
+#define	_PATH_TMP	"/tmp/EdDk.aXXXXXX"
diff --git a/sbin/dmesg/Makefile b/sbin/dmesg/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fc5edce2ae16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dmesg/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+
+PROG=	dmesg
+MAN8=	dmesg.0
+BINGRP=	kmem
+BINMODE=2555
+LDADD=	-lkvm
+DPADD=	${LIBKVM}
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/dmesg/dmesg.8 b/sbin/dmesg/dmesg.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7dd0acf633ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dmesg/dmesg.8
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)dmesg.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 5, 1993
+.Dt DMESG 8
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm dmesg
+.Nd "display the system message buffer"
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm dmesg
+.Op Fl M Ar core
+.Op Fl N Ar system
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm Dmesg
+displays the contents of the system message buffer.
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl M
+Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
+instead of the default ``/dev/kmem''.
+.It Fl N
+Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default
+``/vmunix''.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr syslogd 8
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+command appeared in
+.Bx 4.0 .
diff --git a/sbin/dmesg/dmesg.c b/sbin/dmesg/dmesg.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d789f5dcaa37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dmesg/dmesg.c
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dmesg.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/msgbuf.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <kvm.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <nlist.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <vis.h>
+
+struct nlist nl[] = {
+#define	X_MSGBUF	0
+	{ "_msgbufp" },
+	{ NULL },
+};
+
+void usage __P((void));
+
+#define	KREAD(addr, var) \
+	kvm_read(kd, addr, &var, sizeof(var)) != sizeof(var)
+
+int
+main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char *argv[];
+{
+	register int ch, newl, skip;
+	register char *p, *ep;
+	struct msgbuf *bufp, cur;
+	char *memf, *nlistf;
+	kvm_t *kd;
+	char buf[5];
+
+	memf = nlistf = NULL;
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "M:N:")) != EOF)
+		switch(ch) {
+		case 'M':
+			memf = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'N':
+			nlistf = optarg;
+			break;
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			usage();
+		}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+
+	/*
+	 * Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad
+	 * guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory.
+	 */
+	if (memf != NULL || nlistf != NULL)
+		setgid(getgid());
+
+	/* Read in kernel message buffer, do sanity checks. */
+	if ((kd = kvm_open(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, "dmesg")) == NULL)
+		exit (1);
+	if (kvm_nlist(kd, nl) == -1)
+		errx(1, "kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
+	if (nl[X_MSGBUF].n_type == 0)
+		errx(1, "%s: msgbufp not found", nlistf ? nlistf : "namelist");
+	if (KREAD(nl[X_MSGBUF].n_value, bufp) || KREAD((long)bufp, cur))
+		errx(1, "kvm_read: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
+	kvm_close(kd);
+	if (cur.msg_magic != MSG_MAGIC)
+		errx(1, "magic number incorrect");
+	if (cur.msg_bufx >= MSG_BSIZE)
+		cur.msg_bufx = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * The message buffer is circular; start at the read pointer, and
+	 * go to the write pointer - 1.
+	 */
+	p = cur.msg_bufc + cur.msg_bufx;
+	ep = cur.msg_bufc + cur.msg_bufx - 1;
+	for (newl = skip = 0; p != ep; ++p) {
+		if (p == cur.msg_bufc + MSG_BSIZE)
+			p = cur.msg_bufc;
+		ch = *p;
+		/* Skip "\n<.*>" syslog sequences. */
+		if (skip) {
+			if (ch == '>')
+				newl = skip = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (newl && ch == '<') {
+			skip = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (ch == '\0')
+			continue;
+		newl = ch == '\n';
+		(void)vis(buf, ch, 0, 0);
+		if (buf[1] == 0)
+			(void)putchar(buf[0]);
+		else
+			(void)printf("%s", buf);
+	}
+	if (!newl)
+		(void)putchar('\n');
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+void
+usage()
+{
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: dmesg [-M core] [-N system]\n");
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/dump/Makefile b/sbin/dump/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..78ab5d8be25d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+
+#	dump.h			header file
+#	itime.c			reads /etc/dumpdates
+#	main.c			driver
+#	optr.c			operator interface
+#	dumprmt.c		handles remote tape via rmt(8)
+#	tape.c			handles the mag tape and opening/closing
+#	traverse.c		traverses the file system
+#	unctime.c		undo ctime
+#
+#	DEBUG			use local directory to find ddate and dumpdates
+#	TDEBUG			trace out the process forking
+
+PROG=	dump
+LINKS=	${BINDIR}/dump ${BINDIR}/rdump
+CFLAGS+=-DRDUMP
+SRCS=	itime.c main.c optr.c dumprmt.c tape.c traverse.c unctime.c
+BINOWN=	root
+BINGRP=	tty
+BINMODE=6555
+MAN8=	dump.0
+MLINKS+=dump.8 rdump.8
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/dump/dump.8 b/sbin/dump/dump.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2cd9335c454e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/dump.8
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
+.\"	 Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)dump.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/16/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 16, 1993
+.Dt DUMP 8
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm dump
+.Nd filesystem backup
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm dump
+.Op Cm 0123456789BbhfusTdWn Op Ar argument ...
+.Op Ar filesystem
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm Dump
+examines files
+on a filesystem
+and determines which files
+need to be backed up. These files
+are copied to the given disk, tape or other
+storage medium for safe keeping (see the
+.Cm f
+option below for doing remote backups).
+A dump that is larger than the output medium is broken into
+multiple volumes.
+On most media the size is determined by writing until an
+end-of-media indication is returned.
+On media that cannot reliably return an end-of-media indication
+(such as some cartridge tape drives)
+each volume is of a fixed size;
+the actual size is determined by the tape size and density and/or
+block count options below.
+By default, the same output file name is used for each volume
+after prompting the operator to change media.
+.Pp
+The following options are supported by
+.Nm dump:
+.Bl -tag -width 4n
+.It Cm 0\-9
+Dump levels.
+A level 0, full backup,
+guarantees the entire file system is copied
+(but see also the
+.Cm h
+option below).
+A level number above 0,
+incremental backup,
+tells dump to
+copy all files new or modified since the
+last dump of the same or lower level. The default
+level is 9.
+.It Cm B Ar records
+The number of dump records per volume.
+This option overrides the calculation of tape size
+based on length and density.
+.It Cm b Ar blocksize
+The number of kilobytes per dump record.
+.It Cm h Ar level
+Honor the user
+.Dq nodump
+flag
+.Dp Dv UF_NODUMP
+only for dumps at or above the given
+.Ar level .
+The default honor level is 1,
+so that incremental backups omit such files
+but full backups retain them.
+.It Cm f Ar file
+Write the backup to
+.Ar file ;
+.Ar file
+may be a special device file
+like
+.Pa /dev/rmt12
+(a tape drive),
+.Pa /dev/rsd1c
+(a disk drive),
+an ordinary file,
+or
+.Ql Fl
+(the standard output).
+Multiple file names may be given as a single argument separated by commas.
+Each file will be used for one dump volume in the order listed;
+if the dump requires more volumes than the number of names given,
+the last file name will used for all remaining volumes after prompting
+for media changes.
+If the name of the file is of the form
+.Dq host:file ,
+or
+.Dq user@host:file ,
+.Nm dump
+writes to the named file on the remote host using
+.Xr rmt 8 .
+.It Cm d Ar density
+Set tape density to
+.Ar density .
+The default is 1600BPI.
+.It Cm n
+Whenever
+.Nm dump
+requires operator attention,
+notify all operators in the group
+.Dq operator
+by means similar to a
+.Xr wall 1 .
+.It Cm s Ar feet
+Attempt to calculate the amount of tape needed
+at a particular density.
+If this amount is exceeded,
+.Nm dump
+prompts for a new tape.
+It is recommended to be a bit conservative on this option.
+The default tape length is 2300 feet.
+.It Cm u
+Update the file
+.Pa /etc/dumpdates
+after a successful dump.
+The format of
+.Pa /etc/dumpdates
+is readable by people, consisting of one
+free format record per line:
+filesystem name,
+increment level
+and
+.Xr ctime 3
+format dump date. 
+There may be only one entry per filesystem at each level.
+The file
+.Pa /etc/dumpdates
+may be edited to change any of the fields,
+if necessary.
+.It Cm T Ar date
+Use the specified date as the starting time for the dump
+instead of the time determined from looking in
+.Pa /etc/dumpdates .
+The format of date is the same as that of
+.Xr ctime 3 .
+This option is useful for automated dump scripts that wish to
+dump over a specific period of time.
+The
+.Cm T
+option is mutually exclusive from the
+.Cm u
+option.
+.It Cm W
+.Nm Dump
+tells the operator what file systems need to be dumped.
+This information is gleaned from the files
+.Pa /etc/dumpdates
+and
+.Pa /etc/fstab .
+The
+.Cm W
+option causes
+.Nm dump
+to print out, for each file system in
+.Pa /etc/dumpdates
+the most recent dump date and level,
+and highlights those file systems that should be dumped.
+If the
+.Cm W
+option is set, all other options are ignored, and
+.Nm dump
+exits immediately.
+.It Cm w
+Is like W, but prints only those filesystems which need to be dumped.
+.El
+.Pp
+.Nm Dump
+requires operator intervention on these conditions:
+end of tape,
+end of dump,
+tape write error,
+tape open error or
+disk read error (if there are more than a threshold of 32).
+In addition to alerting all operators implied by the
+.Cm n
+key,
+.Nm dump
+interacts with the operator on
+.Em dump's
+control terminal at times when
+.Nm dump
+can no longer proceed,
+or if something is grossly wrong.
+All questions
+.Nm dump
+poses
+.Em must
+be answered by typing
+.Dq yes
+or
+.Dq no ,
+appropriately.
+.Pp
+Since making a dump involves a lot of time and effort for full dumps,
+.Nm dump
+checkpoints itself at the start of each tape volume.
+If writing that volume fails for some reason,
+.Nm dump
+will,
+with operator permission,
+restart itself from the checkpoint
+after the old tape has been rewound and removed,
+and a new tape has been mounted.
+.Pp
+.Nm Dump
+tells the operator what is going on at periodic intervals,
+including usually low estimates of the number of blocks to write,
+the number of tapes it will take, the time to completion, and
+the time to the tape change.
+The output is verbose,
+so that others know that the terminal
+controlling
+.Nm dump
+is busy,
+and will be for some time.
+.Pp
+In the event of a catastrophic disk event, the time required
+to restore all the necessary backup tapes or files to disk
+can be kept to a minimum by staggering the incremental dumps.
+An efficient method of staggering incremental dumps
+to minimize the number of tapes follows:
+.Bl -bullet -offset indent
+.It
+Always start with a level 0 backup, for example:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+/etc/dump 0uf /dev/nrst1 /usr/src
+.Ed
+.Pp
+This should be done at set intervals, say once a month or once every two months,
+and on a set of fresh tapes that is saved forever.
+.It
+After a level 0, dumps of active file
+systems are taken on a daily basis,
+using a modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm,
+with this sequence of dump levels:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 9 9 ...
+.Ed
+.Pp
+For the daily dumps, it should be possible to use a fixed number of tapes
+for each day, used on a weekly basis.
+Each week, a level 1 dump is taken, and
+the daily Hanoi sequence repeats beginning with 3.
+For weekly dumps, another fixed set of tapes per dumped file system is
+used, also on a cyclical basis.
+.El
+.Pp
+After several months or so, the daily and weekly tapes should get
+rotated out of the dump cycle and fresh tapes brought in.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width /etc/dumpdates -compact
+.It Pa /dev/rmt8
+default tape unit to dump to
+.It Pa /etc/dumpdates
+dump date records
+.It Pa /etc/fstab
+dump table: file systems and frequency
+.It Pa /etc/group
+to find group
+.Em operator
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr restore 8 ,
+.Xr rmt 8 ,
+.Xr dump 5 ,
+.Xr fstab 5
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+Many, and verbose.
+.Pp
+Dump exits with zero status on success.
+Startup errors are indicated with an exit code of 1;
+abnormal termination is indicated with an exit code of 3.
+.Sh BUGS
+.Pp
+Fewer than 32 read errors on the filesystem are ignored.
+Each reel requires a new process, so parent processes for
+reels already written just hang around until the entire tape
+is written.
+.Pp
+.Nm Dump
+with the
+.Cm W
+or
+.Cm w
+options does not report filesystems that have never been recorded
+in
+.Pa /etc/dumpdates ,
+even if listed in
+.Pa /etc/fstab .
+.Pp
+It would be nice if
+.Nm dump
+knew about the dump sequence,
+kept track of the tapes scribbled on,
+told the operator which tape to mount when,
+and provided more assistance
+for the operator running
+.Xr restore .
+.Sh HISTORY
+A
+.Nm dump
+command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
diff --git a/sbin/dump/dump.h b/sbin/dump/dump.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9060b00e9477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/dump.h
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ *	@(#)dump.h	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+ */
+
+#define MAXINOPB	(MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode))
+#define MAXNINDIR	(MAXBSIZE / sizeof(daddr_t))
+
+/*
+ * Dump maps used to describe what is to be dumped.
+ */
+int	mapsize;	/* size of the state maps */
+char	*usedinomap;	/* map of allocated inodes */
+char	*dumpdirmap;	/* map of directories to be dumped */
+char	*dumpinomap;	/* map of files to be dumped */
+/*
+ * Map manipulation macros.
+ */
+#define	SETINO(ino, map) \
+	map[(u_int)((ino) - 1) / NBBY] |=  1 << ((u_int)((ino) - 1) % NBBY)
+#define	CLRINO(ino, map) \
+	map[(u_int)((ino) - 1) / NBBY] &=  ~(1 << ((u_int)((ino) - 1) % NBBY))
+#define	TSTINO(ino, map) \
+	(map[(u_int)((ino) - 1) / NBBY] &  (1 << ((u_int)((ino) - 1) % NBBY)))
+
+/*
+ *	All calculations done in 0.1" units!
+ */
+char	*disk;		/* name of the disk file */
+char	*tape;		/* name of the tape file */
+char	*dumpdates;	/* name of the file containing dump date information*/
+char	*temp;		/* name of the file for doing rewrite of dumpdates */
+char	lastlevel;	/* dump level of previous dump */
+char	level;		/* dump level of this dump */
+int	uflag;		/* update flag */
+int	diskfd;		/* disk file descriptor */
+int	tapefd;		/* tape file descriptor */
+int	pipeout;	/* true => output to standard output */
+ino_t	curino;		/* current inumber; used globally */
+int	newtape;	/* new tape flag */
+int	density;	/* density in 0.1" units */
+long	tapesize;	/* estimated tape size, blocks */
+long	tsize;		/* tape size in 0.1" units */
+long	asize;		/* number of 0.1" units written on current tape */
+int	etapes;		/* estimated number of tapes */
+int	nonodump;	/* if set, do not honor UF_NODUMP user flags */
+
+int	notify;		/* notify operator flag */
+int	blockswritten;	/* number of blocks written on current tape */
+int	tapeno;		/* current tape number */
+time_t	tstart_writing;	/* when started writing the first tape block */
+struct	fs *sblock;	/* the file system super block */
+char	sblock_buf[MAXBSIZE];
+long	dev_bsize;	/* block size of underlying disk device */
+int	dev_bshift;	/* log2(dev_bsize) */
+int	tp_bshift;	/* log2(TP_BSIZE) */
+
+#ifndef __P
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#endif
+
+/* operator interface functions */
+void	broadcast __P((char *message));
+void	lastdump __P((int arg));	/* int should be char */
+void	msg __P((const char *fmt, ...));
+void	msgtail __P((const char *fmt, ...));
+int	query __P((char *question));
+void	quit __P((const char *fmt, ...));
+void	set_operators __P((void));
+void	timeest __P((void));
+time_t	unctime __P((char *str));
+
+/* mapping rouintes */
+struct	dinode;
+long	blockest __P((struct dinode *dp));
+int	mapfiles __P((ino_t maxino, long *tapesize));
+int	mapdirs __P((ino_t maxino, long *tapesize));
+
+/* file dumping routines */
+void	blksout __P((daddr_t *blkp, int frags, ino_t ino));
+void	bread __P((daddr_t blkno, char *buf, int size));	
+void	dumpino __P((struct dinode *dp, ino_t ino));
+void	dumpmap __P((char *map, int type, ino_t ino));
+void	writeheader __P((ino_t ino));
+
+/* tape writing routines */
+int	alloctape __P((void));
+void	close_rewind __P((void));
+void	dumpblock __P((daddr_t blkno, int size));
+void	startnewtape __P((int top));
+void	trewind __P((void));
+void	writerec __P((char *dp, int isspcl));
+
+__dead void Exit __P((int status));
+void	dumpabort __P((int signo));
+void	getfstab __P((void));
+
+char	*rawname __P((char *cp));
+struct	dinode *getino __P((ino_t inum));
+
+/* rdump routines */
+#ifdef RDUMP
+void	rmtclose __P((void));
+int	rmthost __P((char *host));
+int	rmtopen __P((char *tape, int mode));
+int	rmtwrite __P((char *buf, int count));
+#endif /* RDUMP */
+
+void	interrupt __P((int signo));	/* in case operator bangs on console */
+
+/*
+ *	Exit status codes
+ */
+#define	X_FINOK		0	/* normal exit */
+#define	X_REWRITE	2	/* restart writing from the check point */
+#define	X_ABORT		3	/* abort dump; don't attempt checkpointing */
+
+#define	OPGRENT	"operator"		/* group entry to notify */
+#define DIALUP	"ttyd"			/* prefix for dialups */
+
+struct	fstab *fstabsearch __P((char *key));	/* search fs_file and fs_spec */
+
+#ifndef NAME_MAX
+#define NAME_MAX 255
+#endif
+
+/*
+ *	The contents of the file _PATH_DUMPDATES is maintained both on
+ *	a linked list, and then (eventually) arrayified.
+ */
+struct dumpdates {
+	char	dd_name[NAME_MAX+3];
+	char	dd_level;
+	time_t	dd_ddate;
+};
+struct dumptime {
+	struct	dumpdates dt_value;
+	struct	dumptime *dt_next;
+};
+struct	dumptime *dthead;	/* head of the list version */
+int	nddates;		/* number of records (might be zero) */
+int	ddates_in;		/* we have read the increment file */
+struct	dumpdates **ddatev;	/* the arrayfied version */
+void	initdumptimes __P((void));
+void	getdumptime __P((void));
+void	putdumptime __P((void));
+#define	ITITERATE(i, ddp) \
+	for (ddp = ddatev[i = 0]; i < nddates; ddp = ddatev[++i])
+
+void	sig __P((int signo));
+
+/*
+ * Compatibility with old systems.
+ */
+#ifdef COMPAT
+#include <sys/file.h>
+extern char *index(), *rindex(), *strdup();
+extern char *ctime();
+extern int read(), write();
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef	_PATH_UTMP
+#define	_PATH_UTMP	"/etc/utmp"
+#endif
+#ifndef	_PATH_FSTAB
+#define	_PATH_FSTAB	"/etc/fstab"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef sunos
+extern char *calloc();
+extern char *malloc();
+extern long atol();
+extern char *strcpy();
+extern char *strncpy();
+extern char *strcat();
+extern time_t time();
+extern void endgrent();
+extern __dead void exit();
+extern off_t lseek();
+extern const char *strerror();
+#endif
diff --git a/sbin/dump/dumprmt.c b/sbin/dump/dumprmt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..22acbfd443cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/dumprmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dumprmt.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/mtio.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#ifdef sunos
+#include <sys/vnode.h>
+
+#include <ufs/inode.h>
+#else
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
+
+#include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef __STDC__
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "pathnames.h"
+#include "dump.h"
+
+#define	TS_CLOSED	0
+#define	TS_OPEN		1
+
+static	int rmtstate = TS_CLOSED;
+static	int rmtape;
+static	char *rmtpeer;
+
+static	int okname __P((char *));
+static	int rmtcall __P((char *, char *));
+static	void rmtconnaborted __P((/* int, int */));
+static	int rmtgetb __P((void));
+static	void rmtgetconn __P((void));
+static	void rmtgets __P((char *, int));
+static	int rmtreply __P((char *));
+
+extern	int ntrec;		/* blocking factor on tape */
+
+int
+rmthost(host)
+	char *host;
+{
+
+	rmtpeer = malloc(strlen(host) + 1);
+	if (rmtpeer)
+		strcpy(rmtpeer, host);
+	else
+		rmtpeer = host;
+	signal(SIGPIPE, rmtconnaborted);
+	rmtgetconn();
+	if (rmtape < 0)
+		return (0);
+	return (1);
+}
+
+static void
+rmtconnaborted()
+{
+
+	(void) fprintf(stderr, "rdump: Lost connection to remote host.\n");
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+void
+rmtgetconn()
+{
+	register char *cp;
+	static struct servent *sp = NULL;
+	static struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
+#ifdef notdef
+	static int on = 1;
+#endif
+	char *tuser;
+	int size;
+	int maxseg;
+
+	if (sp == NULL) {
+		sp = getservbyname("shell", "tcp");
+		if (sp == NULL) {
+			(void) fprintf(stderr,
+			    "rdump: shell/tcp: unknown service\n");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		pwd = getpwuid(getuid());
+		if (pwd == NULL) {
+			(void) fprintf(stderr, "rdump: who are you?\n");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if ((cp = index(rmtpeer, '@')) != NULL) {
+		tuser = rmtpeer;
+		*cp = '\0';
+		if (!okname(tuser))
+			exit(1);
+		rmtpeer = ++cp;
+	} else
+		tuser = pwd->pw_name;
+	rmtape = rcmd(&rmtpeer, (u_short)sp->s_port, pwd->pw_name, tuser,
+	    _PATH_RMT, (int *)0);
+	size = ntrec * TP_BSIZE;
+	if (size > 60 * 1024)		/* XXX */
+		size = 60 * 1024;
+	/* Leave some space for rmt request/response protocol */
+	size += 2 * 1024;
+	while (size > TP_BSIZE &&
+	    setsockopt(rmtape, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &size, sizeof (size)) < 0)
+		    size -= TP_BSIZE;
+	(void)setsockopt(rmtape, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &size, sizeof (size));
+	maxseg = 1024;
+	if (setsockopt(rmtape, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_MAXSEG,
+	    &maxseg, sizeof (maxseg)) < 0)
+		perror("TCP_MAXSEG setsockopt");
+
+#ifdef notdef
+	if (setsockopt(rmtape, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &on, sizeof (on)) < 0)
+		perror("TCP_NODELAY setsockopt");
+#endif
+}
+
+static int
+okname(cp0)
+	char *cp0;
+{
+	register char *cp;
+	register int c;
+
+	for (cp = cp0; *cp; cp++) {
+		c = *cp;
+		if (!isascii(c) || !(isalnum(c) || c == '_' || c == '-')) {
+			(void) fprintf(stderr, "rdump: invalid user name %s\n",
+			    cp0);
+			return (0);
+		}
+	}
+	return (1);
+}
+
+int
+rmtopen(tape, mode)
+	char *tape;
+	int mode;
+{
+	char buf[256];
+
+	(void)sprintf(buf, "O%s\n%d\n", tape, mode);
+	rmtstate = TS_OPEN;
+	return (rmtcall(tape, buf));
+}
+
+void
+rmtclose()
+{
+
+	if (rmtstate != TS_OPEN)
+		return;
+	rmtcall("close", "C\n");
+	rmtstate = TS_CLOSED;
+}
+
+int
+rmtread(buf, count)
+	char *buf;
+	int count;
+{
+	char line[30];
+	int n, i, cc;
+	extern errno;
+
+	(void)sprintf(line, "R%d\n", count);
+	n = rmtcall("read", line);
+	if (n < 0) {
+		errno = n;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i += cc) {
+		cc = read(rmtape, buf+i, n - i);
+		if (cc <= 0) {
+			rmtconnaborted();
+		}
+	}
+	return (n);
+}
+
+int
+rmtwrite(buf, count)
+	char *buf;
+	int count;
+{
+	char line[30];
+
+	(void)sprintf(line, "W%d\n", count);
+	write(rmtape, line, strlen(line));
+	write(rmtape, buf, count);
+	return (rmtreply("write"));
+}
+
+void
+rmtwrite0(count)
+	int count;
+{
+	char line[30];
+
+	(void)sprintf(line, "W%d\n", count);
+	write(rmtape, line, strlen(line));
+}
+
+void
+rmtwrite1(buf, count)
+	char *buf;
+	int count;
+{
+
+	write(rmtape, buf, count);
+}
+
+int
+rmtwrite2()
+{
+
+	return (rmtreply("write"));
+}
+
+int
+rmtseek(offset, pos)
+	int offset, pos;
+{
+	char line[80];
+
+	(void)sprintf(line, "L%d\n%d\n", offset, pos);
+	return (rmtcall("seek", line));
+}
+
+struct	mtget mts;
+
+struct mtget *
+rmtstatus()
+{
+	register int i;
+	register char *cp;
+
+	if (rmtstate != TS_OPEN)
+		return (NULL);
+	rmtcall("status", "S\n");
+	for (i = 0, cp = (char *)&mts; i < sizeof(mts); i++)
+		*cp++ = rmtgetb();
+	return (&mts);
+}
+
+int
+rmtioctl(cmd, count)
+	int cmd, count;
+{
+	char buf[256];
+
+	if (count < 0)
+		return (-1);
+	(void)sprintf(buf, "I%d\n%d\n", cmd, count);
+	return (rmtcall("ioctl", buf));
+}
+
+static int
+rmtcall(cmd, buf)
+	char *cmd, *buf;
+{
+
+	if (write(rmtape, buf, strlen(buf)) != strlen(buf))
+		rmtconnaborted();
+	return (rmtreply(cmd));
+}
+
+static int
+rmtreply(cmd)
+	char *cmd;
+{
+	register char *cp;
+	char code[30], emsg[BUFSIZ];
+
+	rmtgets(code, sizeof (code));
+	if (*code == 'E' || *code == 'F') {
+		rmtgets(emsg, sizeof (emsg));
+		msg("%s: %s", cmd, emsg);
+		if (*code == 'F') {
+			rmtstate = TS_CLOSED;
+			return (-1);
+		}
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	if (*code != 'A') {
+		/* Kill trailing newline */
+		cp = code + strlen(code);
+		if (cp > code && *--cp == '\n')
+			*cp = '\0';
+
+		msg("Protocol to remote tape server botched (code \"%s\").\n",
+		    code);
+		rmtconnaborted();
+	}
+	return (atoi(code + 1));
+}
+
+int
+rmtgetb()
+{
+	char c;
+
+	if (read(rmtape, &c, 1) != 1)
+		rmtconnaborted();
+	return (c);
+}
+
+/* Get a line (guaranteed to have a trailing newline). */
+void
+rmtgets(line, len)
+	char *line;
+	int len;
+{
+	register char *cp = line;
+
+	while (len > 1) {
+		*cp = rmtgetb();
+		if (*cp == '\n') {
+			cp[1] = '\0';
+			return;
+		}
+		cp++;
+		len--;
+	}
+	*cp = '\0';
+	msg("Protocol to remote tape server botched.\n");
+	msg("(rmtgets got \"%s\").\n", line);
+	rmtconnaborted();
+}
diff --git a/sbin/dump/itime.c b/sbin/dump/itime.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..94656ac649e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/itime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)itime.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#ifdef sunos
+#include <sys/vnode.h>
+
+#include <ufs/fsdir.h>
+#include <ufs/inode.h>
+#include <ufs/fs.h>
+#else
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef __STDC__
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "dump.h"
+
+struct	dumpdates **ddatev = 0;
+int	nddates = 0;
+int	ddates_in = 0;
+struct	dumptime *dthead = 0;
+
+static	void dumprecout __P((FILE *, struct dumpdates *));
+static	int getrecord __P((FILE *, struct dumpdates *));
+static	int makedumpdate __P((struct dumpdates *, char *));
+static	void readdumptimes __P((FILE *));
+
+void
+initdumptimes()
+{
+	FILE *df;
+
+	if ((df = fopen(dumpdates, "r")) == NULL) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT) {
+			quit("cannot read %s: %s\n", dumpdates,
+			    strerror(errno));
+			/* NOTREACHED */
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Dumpdates does not exist, make an empty one.
+		 */
+		msg("WARNING: no file `%s', making an empty one\n", dumpdates);
+		if ((df = fopen(dumpdates, "w")) == NULL) {
+			quit("cannot create %s: %s\n", dumpdates,
+			    strerror(errno));
+			/* NOTREACHED */
+		}
+		(void) fclose(df);
+		if ((df = fopen(dumpdates, "r")) == NULL) {
+			quit("cannot read %s even after creating it: %s\n",
+			    dumpdates, strerror(errno));
+			/* NOTREACHED */
+		}
+	}
+	(void) flock(fileno(df), LOCK_SH);
+	readdumptimes(df);
+	(void) fclose(df);
+}
+
+static void
+readdumptimes(df)
+	FILE *df;
+{
+	register int i;
+	register struct	dumptime *dtwalk;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		dtwalk = (struct dumptime *)calloc(1, sizeof (struct dumptime));
+		if (getrecord(df, &(dtwalk->dt_value)) < 0)
+			break;
+		nddates++;
+		dtwalk->dt_next = dthead;
+		dthead = dtwalk;
+	}
+
+	ddates_in = 1;
+	/*
+	 *	arrayify the list, leaving enough room for the additional
+	 *	record that we may have to add to the ddate structure
+	 */
+	ddatev = (struct dumpdates **)
+		calloc((unsigned) (nddates + 1), sizeof (struct dumpdates *));
+	dtwalk = dthead;
+	for (i = nddates - 1; i >= 0; i--, dtwalk = dtwalk->dt_next)
+		ddatev[i] = &dtwalk->dt_value;
+}
+
+void
+getdumptime()
+{
+	register struct dumpdates *ddp;
+	register int i;
+	char *fname;
+
+	fname = disk;
+#ifdef FDEBUG
+	msg("Looking for name %s in dumpdates = %s for level = %c\n",
+		fname, dumpdates, level);
+#endif
+	spcl.c_ddate = 0;
+	lastlevel = '0';
+
+	initdumptimes();
+	/*
+	 *	Go find the entry with the same name for a lower increment
+	 *	and older date
+	 */
+	ITITERATE(i, ddp) {
+		if (strncmp(fname, ddp->dd_name, sizeof (ddp->dd_name)) != 0)
+			continue;
+		if (ddp->dd_level >= level)
+			continue;
+		if (ddp->dd_ddate <= spcl.c_ddate)
+			continue;
+		spcl.c_ddate = ddp->dd_ddate;
+		lastlevel = ddp->dd_level;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+putdumptime()
+{
+	FILE *df;
+	register struct dumpdates *dtwalk;
+	register int i;
+	int fd;
+	char *fname;
+
+	if(uflag == 0)
+		return;
+	if ((df = fopen(dumpdates, "r+")) == NULL)
+		quit("cannot rewrite %s: %s\n", dumpdates, strerror(errno));
+	fd = fileno(df);
+	(void) flock(fd, LOCK_EX);
+	fname = disk;
+	free((char *)ddatev);
+	ddatev = 0;
+	nddates = 0;
+	dthead = 0;
+	ddates_in = 0;
+	readdumptimes(df);
+	if (fseek(df, 0L, 0) < 0)
+		quit("fseek: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+	spcl.c_ddate = 0;
+	ITITERATE(i, dtwalk) {
+		if (strncmp(fname, dtwalk->dd_name,
+				sizeof (dtwalk->dd_name)) != 0)
+			continue;
+		if (dtwalk->dd_level != level)
+			continue;
+		goto found;
+	}
+	/*
+	 *	construct the new upper bound;
+	 *	Enough room has been allocated.
+	 */
+	dtwalk = ddatev[nddates] =
+		(struct dumpdates *)calloc(1, sizeof (struct dumpdates));
+	nddates += 1;
+  found:
+	(void) strncpy(dtwalk->dd_name, fname, sizeof (dtwalk->dd_name));
+	dtwalk->dd_level = level;
+	dtwalk->dd_ddate = spcl.c_date;
+
+	ITITERATE(i, dtwalk) {
+		dumprecout(df, dtwalk);
+	}
+	if (fflush(df))
+		quit("%s: %s\n", dumpdates, strerror(errno));
+	if (ftruncate(fd, ftell(df)))
+		quit("ftruncate (%s): %s\n", dumpdates, strerror(errno));
+	(void) fclose(df);
+	msg("level %c dump on %s", level,
+		spcl.c_date == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime(&spcl.c_date));
+}
+
+static void
+dumprecout(file, what)
+	FILE *file;
+	struct dumpdates *what;
+{
+
+	if (fprintf(file, DUMPOUTFMT,
+		    what->dd_name,
+		    what->dd_level,
+		    ctime(&what->dd_ddate)) < 0)
+		quit("%s: %s\n", dumpdates, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+int	recno;
+
+static int
+getrecord(df, ddatep)
+	FILE *df;
+	struct dumpdates *ddatep;
+{
+	char tbuf[BUFSIZ];
+
+	recno = 0;
+	if ( (fgets(tbuf, sizeof (tbuf), df)) != tbuf)
+		return(-1);
+	recno++;
+	if (makedumpdate(ddatep, tbuf) < 0)
+		msg("Unknown intermediate format in %s, line %d\n",
+			dumpdates, recno);
+
+#ifdef FDEBUG
+	msg("getrecord: %s %c %s", ddatep->dd_name, ddatep->dd_level,
+	    ddatep->dd_ddate == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime(&ddatep->dd_ddate));
+#endif
+	return(0);
+}
+
+static int
+makedumpdate(ddp, tbuf)
+	struct dumpdates *ddp;
+	char *tbuf;
+{
+	char un_buf[128];
+
+	(void) sscanf(tbuf, DUMPINFMT, ddp->dd_name, &ddp->dd_level, un_buf);
+	ddp->dd_ddate = unctime(un_buf);
+	if (ddp->dd_ddate < 0)
+		return(-1);
+	return(0);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/dump/main.c b/sbin/dump/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..40d668e13e82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)main.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/15/94";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#ifdef sunos
+#include <sys/vnode.h>
+
+#include <ufs/inode.h>
+#include <ufs/fs.h>
+#else
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <fstab.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef __STDC__
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "dump.h"
+#include "pathnames.h"
+
+#ifndef SBOFF
+#define SBOFF (SBLOCK * DEV_BSIZE)
+#endif
+
+int	notify = 0;	/* notify operator flag */
+int	blockswritten = 0;	/* number of blocks written on current tape */
+int	tapeno = 0;	/* current tape number */
+int	density = 0;	/* density in bytes/0.1" */
+int	ntrec = NTREC;	/* # tape blocks in each tape record */
+int	cartridge = 0;	/* Assume non-cartridge tape */
+long	dev_bsize = 1;	/* recalculated below */
+long	blocksperfile;	/* output blocks per file */
+char	*host = NULL;	/* remote host (if any) */
+
+static long numarg __P((int, char *, long, long, int *, char ***));
+static __dead void missingarg __P((int, char *));
+
+int
+main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char **argv;
+{
+	register ino_t ino;
+	register int dirty; 
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	register struct	fstab *dt;
+	register char *map;
+	register char *cp;
+	int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, honorlevel = 1;
+	ino_t maxino;
+
+	spcl.c_date = 0;
+	(void)time((time_t *)&spcl.c_date);
+
+	tsize = 0;	/* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */
+	tape = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
+	dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES;
+	temp = _PATH_DTMP;
+	if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0)
+		quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE\n");
+	level = '0';
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		(void) fprintf(stderr, "Must specify a key.\n");
+		Exit(X_ABORT);
+	}
+	argv++;
+	argc -= 2;
+	for (cp = *argv++; cp != NULL && *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
+		switch (*cp) {
+		case '-':
+			break;
+
+		case 'w':
+			lastdump('w');	/* tell us only what has to be done */
+			exit(0);
+
+		case 'W':		/* what to do */
+			lastdump('W');	/* tell us state of what is done */
+			exit(0);	/* do nothing else */
+
+		case 'f':		/* output file */
+			if (argc < 1)
+				missingarg('f', "output file");
+			tape = *argv++;
+			argc--;
+			break;
+
+		case 'd':		/* density, in bits per inch */
+			density = numarg('d', "density",
+			    10L, 327670L, &argc, &argv) / 10;
+			if (density >= 625 && !bflag)
+				ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC;
+			break;
+
+		case 's':		/* tape size, feet */
+			tsize = numarg('s', "size",
+			    1L, 0L, &argc, &argv) * 12 * 10;
+			break;
+
+		case 'T':		/* time of last dump */
+			if (argc < 1)
+				missingarg('T', "time of last dump");
+			spcl.c_ddate = unctime(*argv);
+			if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) {
+				(void)fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n",
+				    *argv);
+				exit(X_ABORT);
+			}
+			Tflag = 1;
+			lastlevel = '?';
+			argc--;
+			argv++;
+			break;
+
+		case 'b':		/* blocks per tape write */
+			ntrec = numarg('b', "number of blocks per write",
+			    1L, 1000L, &argc, &argv);
+			break;
+
+		case 'B':		/* blocks per output file */
+			blocksperfile = numarg('B', "number of blocks per file",
+			    1L, 0L, &argc, &argv);
+			break;
+
+		case 'c':		/* Tape is cart. not 9-track */
+			cartridge = 1;
+			break;
+
+		/* dump level */
+		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+			level = *cp;
+			break;
+
+		case 'u':		/* update /etc/dumpdates */
+			uflag = 1;
+			break;
+
+		case 'n':		/* notify operators */
+			notify = 1;
+			break;
+
+		case 'h':
+			honorlevel = numarg('h', "honor level",
+			    0L, 10L, &argc, &argv);
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			(void)fprintf(stderr, "bad key '%c'\n", *cp);
+			exit(X_ABORT);
+		}
+	}
+	if (argc < 1) {
+		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Must specify disk or filesystem\n");
+		exit(X_ABORT);
+	}
+	disk = *argv++;
+	argc--;
+	if (argc >= 1) {
+		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Unknown arguments to dump:");
+		while (argc--)
+			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++);
+		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+		exit(X_ABORT);
+	}
+	if (Tflag && uflag) {
+	        (void)fprintf(stderr,
+		    "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n");
+		exit(X_ABORT);
+	}
+	if (strcmp(tape, "-") == 0) {
+		pipeout++;
+		tape = "standard output";
+	}
+
+	if (blocksperfile)
+		blocksperfile = blocksperfile / ntrec * ntrec; /* round down */
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * Determine how to default tape size and density
+		 *
+		 *         	density				tape size
+		 * 9-track	1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
+		 * 9-track	6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
+		 * cartridge	8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1")	1700 ft.
+		 *						(450*4 - slop)
+		 */
+		if (density == 0)
+			density = cartridge ? 100 : 160;
+		if (tsize == 0)
+			tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L;
+	}
+
+	if (index(tape, ':')) {
+		host = tape;
+		tape = index(host, ':');
+		*tape++ = '\0';
+#ifdef RDUMP
+		if (rmthost(host) == 0)
+			exit(X_ABORT);
+#else
+		(void)fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n");
+		exit(X_ABORT);
+#endif
+	}
+	(void)setuid(getuid()); /* rmthost() is the only reason to be setuid */
+
+	if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGHUP, sig);
+	if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGTRAP, sig);
+	if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGFPE, sig);
+	if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGBUS, sig);
+	if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGSEGV, sig);
+	if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGTERM, sig);
+	if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+
+	set_operators();	/* /etc/group snarfed */
+	getfstab();		/* /etc/fstab snarfed */
+	/*
+	 *	disk can be either the full special file name,
+	 *	the suffix of the special file name,
+	 *	the special name missing the leading '/',
+	 *	the file system name with or without the leading '/'.
+	 */
+	dt = fstabsearch(disk);
+	if (dt != NULL) {
+		disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec);
+		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN);
+		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, dt->fs_file, NAMELEN);
+	} else {
+		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, NAMELEN);
+		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system",
+		    NAMELEN);
+	}
+	(void)strcpy(spcl.c_label, "none");
+	(void)gethostname(spcl.c_host, NAMELEN);
+	spcl.c_level = level - '0';
+	spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE;
+	if (!Tflag)
+	        getdumptime();		/* /etc/dumpdates snarfed */
+
+	msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level,
+		spcl.c_date == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime(&spcl.c_date));
+ 	msg("Date of last level %c dump: %s", lastlevel,
+		spcl.c_ddate == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime(&spcl.c_ddate));
+	msg("Dumping %s ", disk);
+	if (dt != NULL)
+		msgtail("(%s) ", dt->fs_file);
+	if (host)
+		msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host);
+	else
+		msgtail("to %s\n", tape);
+
+	if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
+		msg("Cannot open %s\n", disk);
+		exit(X_ABORT);
+	}
+	sync();
+	sblock = (struct fs *)sblock_buf;
+	bread(SBOFF, (char *) sblock, SBSIZE);
+	if (sblock->fs_magic != FS_MAGIC)
+		quit("bad sblock magic number\n");
+	dev_bsize = sblock->fs_fsize / fsbtodb(sblock, 1);
+	dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
+	if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
+		quit("dev_bsize (%d) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
+	tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
+	if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
+		quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
+#ifdef FS_44INODEFMT
+	if (sblock->fs_inodefmt >= FS_44INODEFMT)
+		spcl.c_flags |= DR_NEWINODEFMT;
+#endif
+	maxino = sblock->fs_ipg * sblock->fs_ncg;
+	mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, NBBY), TP_BSIZE);
+	usedinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
+	dumpdirmap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
+	dumpinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
+	tapesize = 3 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
+
+	nonodump = spcl.c_level < honorlevel;
+
+	msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n");
+	anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize);
+
+	msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n");
+	while (anydirskipped) {
+		anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize);
+	}
+
+	if (pipeout) {
+		tapesize += 10;	/* 10 trailer blocks */
+		msg("estimated %ld tape blocks.\n", tapesize);
+	} else {
+		double fetapes;
+
+		if (blocksperfile)
+			fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile;
+		else if (cartridge) {
+			/* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at
+			   the end of each block written, and not in mid-block.
+			   Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated
+			   for with an artificially low tape size. */
+			fetapes = 
+			(	  tapesize	/* blocks */
+				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes/block */
+				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte */
+			  +
+				  tapesize	/* blocks */
+				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* streaming-stops per block */
+				* 15.48		/* 0.1" / streaming-stop */
+			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" */
+		} else {
+			/* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track
+			   tape */
+			int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7;
+			fetapes =
+			(	  tapesize	/* blocks */
+				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes / block */
+				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte */
+			  +
+				  tapesize	/* blocks */
+				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* IRG's / block */
+				* tenthsperirg	/* 0.1" / IRG */
+			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" */
+		}
+		etapes = fetapes;		/* truncating assignment */
+		etapes++;
+		/* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */
+		tapesize += (etapes - 1) *
+			(howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
+		tapesize += etapes + 10;	/* headers + 10 trailer blks */
+		msg("estimated %ld tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n",
+		    tapesize, fetapes);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate tape buffer.
+	 */
+	if (!alloctape())
+		quit("can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller blocking factor.\n");
+
+	startnewtape(1);
+	(void)time((time_t *)&(tstart_writing));
+	dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1);
+
+	msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n");
+	dirty = 0;		/* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
+	for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
+		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
+			dirty = *map++;
+		else
+			dirty >>= 1;
+		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated
+		 */
+		dp = getino(ino);
+		if ((dp->di_mode & IFMT) != IFDIR)
+			continue;
+		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
+	}
+
+	msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n");
+	for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
+		int mode;
+
+		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
+			dirty = *map++;
+		else
+			dirty >>= 1;
+		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories.
+		 */
+		dp = getino(ino);
+		mode = dp->di_mode & IFMT;
+		if (mode == IFDIR)
+			continue;
+		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
+	}
+
+	spcl.c_type = TS_END;
+	for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++)
+		writeheader(maxino - 1);
+	if (pipeout)
+		msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks\n",spcl.c_tapea);
+	else
+		msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks on %d volumes(s)\n",
+		    spcl.c_tapea, spcl.c_volume);
+	putdumptime();
+	trewind();
+	broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\7\7\n");
+	msg("DUMP IS DONE\n");
+	Exit(X_FINOK);
+	/* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pick up a numeric argument.  It must be nonnegative and in the given
+ * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited).
+ */
+static long
+numarg(letter, meaning, vmin, vmax, pargc, pargv)
+	int letter;
+	char *meaning;
+	long vmin, vmax;
+	int *pargc;
+	char ***pargv;
+{
+	register char *p;
+	long val;
+	char *str;
+
+	if (--*pargc < 0)
+		missingarg(letter, meaning);
+	str = *(*pargv)++;
+	for (p = str; *p; p++)
+		if (!isdigit(*p))
+			goto bad;
+	val = atol(str);
+	if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax))
+		goto bad;
+	return (val);
+
+bad:
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "bad '%c' (%s) value \"%s\"\n",
+	    letter, meaning, str);
+	exit(X_ABORT);
+}
+
+static __dead void
+missingarg(letter, meaning)
+	int letter;
+	char *meaning;
+{
+
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "The '%c' flag (%s) requires an argument\n",
+	    letter, meaning);
+	exit(X_ABORT);
+}
+
+void
+sig(signo)
+	int signo;
+{
+	switch(signo) {
+	case SIGALRM:
+	case SIGBUS:
+	case SIGFPE:
+	case SIGHUP:
+	case SIGTERM:
+	case SIGTRAP:
+		if (pipeout)
+			quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover\n");
+		msg("Rewriting attempted as response to unknown signal.\n");
+		(void)fflush(stderr);
+		(void)fflush(stdout);
+		close_rewind();
+		exit(X_REWRITE);
+		/* NOTREACHED */
+	case SIGSEGV:
+		msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n");
+		(void)signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
+		(void)kill(0, SIGSEGV);
+		/* NOTREACHED */
+	}
+}
+
+char *
+rawname(cp)
+	char *cp;
+{
+	static char rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
+	char *dp = rindex(cp, '/');
+
+	if (dp == NULL)
+		return (NULL);
+	*dp = '\0';
+	(void)strcpy(rawbuf, cp);
+	*dp = '/';
+	(void)strcat(rawbuf, "/r");
+	(void)strcat(rawbuf, dp + 1);
+	return (rawbuf);
+}
+
+#ifdef sunos
+const char *
+strerror(errnum)
+	int errnum;
+{
+	extern int sys_nerr;
+	extern const char *const sys_errlist[];
+
+	if (errnum < sys_nerr)
+		return (sys_errlist[errnum]);
+	else
+		return ("bogus errno in strerror");
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/sbin/dump/optr.c b/sbin/dump/optr.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6db09085095c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/optr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1988, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)optr.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 1/6/94";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fstab.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef __STDC__
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#endif
+#include <tzfile.h>
+#ifdef __STDC__
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <utmp.h>
+#ifndef __STDC__
+#include <varargs.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "dump.h"
+#include "pathnames.h"
+
+void	alarmcatch __P((/* int, int */));
+int	datesort __P((const void *, const void *));
+static	void sendmes __P((char *, char *));
+
+/*
+ *	Query the operator; This previously-fascist piece of code
+ *	no longer requires an exact response.
+ *	It is intended to protect dump aborting by inquisitive
+ *	people banging on the console terminal to see what is
+ *	happening which might cause dump to croak, destroying
+ *	a large number of hours of work.
+ *
+ *	Every 2 minutes we reprint the message, alerting others
+ *	that dump needs attention.
+ */
+static	int timeout;
+static	char *attnmessage;		/* attention message */
+
+int
+query(question)
+	char	*question;
+{
+	char	replybuffer[64];
+	int	back, errcount;
+	FILE	*mytty;
+
+	if ((mytty = fopen(_PATH_TTY, "r")) == NULL)
+		quit("fopen on %s fails: %s\n", _PATH_TTY, strerror(errno));
+	attnmessage = question;
+	timeout = 0;
+	alarmcatch();
+	back = -1;
+	errcount = 0;
+	do {
+		if (fgets(replybuffer, 63, mytty) == NULL) {
+			clearerr(mytty);
+			if (++errcount > 30)	/* XXX	ugly */
+				quit("excessive operator query failures\n");
+		} else if (replybuffer[0] == 'y' || replybuffer[0] == 'Y') {
+			back = 1;
+		} else if (replybuffer[0] == 'n' || replybuffer[0] == 'N') {
+			back = 0;
+		} else {
+			(void) fprintf(stderr,
+			    "  DUMP: \"Yes\" or \"No\"?\n");
+			(void) fprintf(stderr,
+			    "  DUMP: %s: (\"yes\" or \"no\") ", question);
+		}
+	} while (back < 0);
+
+	/*
+	 *	Turn off the alarm, and reset the signal to trap out..
+	 */
+	(void) alarm(0);
+	if (signal(SIGALRM, sig) == SIG_IGN)
+		signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
+	(void) fclose(mytty);
+	return(back);
+}
+
+char lastmsg[100];
+
+/*
+ *	Alert the console operator, and enable the alarm clock to
+ *	sleep for 2 minutes in case nobody comes to satisfy dump
+ */
+void
+alarmcatch()
+{
+	if (notify == 0) {
+		if (timeout == 0)
+			(void) fprintf(stderr,
+			    "  DUMP: %s: (\"yes\" or \"no\") ",
+			    attnmessage);
+		else
+			msgtail("\7\7");
+	} else {
+		if (timeout) {
+			msgtail("\n");
+			broadcast("");		/* just print last msg */
+		}
+		(void) fprintf(stderr,"  DUMP: %s: (\"yes\" or \"no\") ",
+		    attnmessage);
+	}
+	signal(SIGALRM, alarmcatch);
+	(void) alarm(120);
+	timeout = 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ *	Here if an inquisitive operator interrupts the dump program
+ */
+void
+interrupt(signo)
+	int signo;
+{
+	msg("Interrupt received.\n");
+	if (query("Do you want to abort dump?"))
+		dumpabort(0);
+}
+
+/*
+ *	The following variables and routines manage alerting
+ *	operators to the status of dump.
+ *	This works much like wall(1) does.
+ */
+struct	group *gp;
+
+/*
+ *	Get the names from the group entry "operator" to notify.
+ */	
+void
+set_operators()
+{
+	if (!notify)		/*not going to notify*/
+		return;
+	gp = getgrnam(OPGRENT);
+	(void) endgrent();
+	if (gp == NULL) {
+		msg("No group entry for %s.\n", OPGRENT);
+		notify = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+struct tm *localclock;
+
+/*
+ *	We fork a child to do the actual broadcasting, so
+ *	that the process control groups are not messed up
+ */
+void
+broadcast(message)
+	char	*message;
+{
+	time_t		clock;
+	FILE	*f_utmp;
+	struct	utmp	utmp;
+	char	**np;
+	int	pid, s;
+
+	if (!notify || gp == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	switch (pid = fork()) {
+	case -1:
+		return;
+	case 0:
+		break;
+	default:
+		while (wait(&s) != pid)
+			continue;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	clock = time((time_t *)0);
+	localclock = localtime(&clock);
+
+	if ((f_utmp = fopen(_PATH_UTMP, "r")) == NULL) {
+		msg("Cannot open %s: %s\n", _PATH_UTMP, strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	while (!feof(f_utmp)) {
+		if (fread((char *) &utmp, sizeof (struct utmp), 1, f_utmp) != 1)
+			break;
+		if (utmp.ut_name[0] == 0)
+			continue;
+		for (np = gp->gr_mem; *np; np++) {
+			if (strncmp(*np, utmp.ut_name, sizeof(utmp.ut_name)) != 0)
+				continue;
+			/*
+			 *	Do not send messages to operators on dialups
+			 */
+			if (strncmp(utmp.ut_line, DIALUP, strlen(DIALUP)) == 0)
+				continue;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+			msg("Message to %s at %s\n", *np, utmp.ut_line);
+#endif
+			sendmes(utmp.ut_line, message);
+		}
+	}
+	(void) fclose(f_utmp);
+	Exit(0);	/* the wait in this same routine will catch this */
+	/* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+static void
+sendmes(tty, message)
+	char *tty, *message;
+{
+	char t[50], buf[BUFSIZ];
+	register char *cp;
+	int lmsg = 1;
+	FILE *f_tty;
+
+	(void) strcpy(t, _PATH_DEV);
+	(void) strcat(t, tty);
+
+	if ((f_tty = fopen(t, "w")) != NULL) {
+		setbuf(f_tty, buf);
+		(void) fprintf(f_tty,
+		    "\n\
+\7\7\7Message from the dump program to all operators at %d:%02d ...\r\n\n\
+DUMP: NEEDS ATTENTION: ",
+		    localclock->tm_hour, localclock->tm_min);
+		for (cp = lastmsg; ; cp++) {
+			if (*cp == '\0') {
+				if (lmsg) {
+					cp = message;
+					if (*cp == '\0')
+						break;
+					lmsg = 0;
+				} else
+					break;
+			}
+			if (*cp == '\n')
+				(void) putc('\r', f_tty);
+			(void) putc(*cp, f_tty);
+		}
+		(void) fclose(f_tty);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ *	print out an estimate of the amount of time left to do the dump
+ */
+
+time_t	tschedule = 0;
+
+void
+timeest()
+{
+	time_t	tnow, deltat;
+
+	(void) time((time_t *) &tnow);
+	if (tnow >= tschedule) {
+		tschedule = tnow + 300;
+		if (blockswritten < 500)
+			return;	
+		deltat = tstart_writing - tnow +
+			(1.0 * (tnow - tstart_writing))
+			/ blockswritten * tapesize;
+		msg("%3.2f%% done, finished in %d:%02d\n",
+			(blockswritten * 100.0) / tapesize,
+			deltat / 3600, (deltat % 3600) / 60);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+#if __STDC__
+msg(const char *fmt, ...)
+#else
+msg(fmt, va_alist)
+	char *fmt;
+	va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	(void) fprintf(stderr,"  DUMP: ");
+#ifdef TDEBUG
+	(void) fprintf(stderr, "pid=%d ", getpid());
+#endif
+#if __STDC__
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+#else
+	va_start(ap);
+#endif
+	(void) vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	(void) fflush(stdout);
+	(void) fflush(stderr);
+	(void) vsprintf(lastmsg, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+void
+#if __STDC__
+msgtail(const char *fmt, ...)
+#else
+msgtail(fmt, va_alist)
+	char *fmt;
+	va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+	va_list ap;
+#if __STDC__
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+#else
+	va_start(ap);
+#endif
+	(void) vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+void
+#if __STDC__
+quit(const char *fmt, ...)
+#else
+quit(fmt, va_alist)
+	char *fmt;
+	va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	(void) fprintf(stderr,"  DUMP: ");
+#ifdef TDEBUG
+	(void) fprintf(stderr, "pid=%d ", getpid());
+#endif
+#if __STDC__
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+#else
+	va_start(ap);
+#endif
+	(void) vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	(void) fflush(stdout);
+	(void) fflush(stderr);
+	dumpabort(0);
+}
+
+/*
+ *	Tell the operator what has to be done;
+ *	we don't actually do it
+ */
+
+struct fstab *
+allocfsent(fs)
+	register struct fstab *fs;
+{
+	register struct fstab *new;
+
+	new = (struct fstab *)malloc(sizeof (*fs));
+	if (new == NULL ||
+	    (new->fs_file = strdup(fs->fs_file)) == NULL ||
+	    (new->fs_type = strdup(fs->fs_type)) == NULL ||
+	    (new->fs_spec = strdup(fs->fs_spec)) == NULL)
+		quit("%s\n", strerror(errno));
+	new->fs_passno = fs->fs_passno;
+	new->fs_freq = fs->fs_freq;
+	return (new);
+}
+
+struct	pfstab {
+	struct	pfstab *pf_next;
+	struct	fstab *pf_fstab;
+};
+
+static	struct pfstab *table;
+
+void
+getfstab()
+{
+	register struct fstab *fs;
+	register struct pfstab *pf;
+
+	if (setfsent() == 0) {
+		msg("Can't open %s for dump table information: %s\n",
+		    _PATH_FSTAB, strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	while ((fs = getfsent()) != NULL) {
+		if (strcmp(fs->fs_type, FSTAB_RW) &&
+		    strcmp(fs->fs_type, FSTAB_RO) &&
+		    strcmp(fs->fs_type, FSTAB_RQ))
+			continue;
+		fs = allocfsent(fs);
+		if ((pf = (struct pfstab *)malloc(sizeof (*pf))) == NULL)
+			quit("%s\n", strerror(errno));
+		pf->pf_fstab = fs;
+		pf->pf_next = table;
+		table = pf;
+	}
+	(void) endfsent();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search in the fstab for a file name.
+ * This file name can be either the special or the path file name.
+ *
+ * The entries in the fstab are the BLOCK special names, not the
+ * character special names.
+ * The caller of fstabsearch assures that the character device
+ * is dumped (that is much faster)
+ *
+ * The file name can omit the leading '/'.
+ */
+struct fstab *
+fstabsearch(key)
+	char *key;
+{
+	register struct pfstab *pf;
+	register struct fstab *fs;
+	char *rn;
+
+	for (pf = table; pf != NULL; pf = pf->pf_next) {
+		fs = pf->pf_fstab;
+		if (strcmp(fs->fs_file, key) == 0 ||
+		    strcmp(fs->fs_spec, key) == 0)
+			return (fs);
+		rn = rawname(fs->fs_spec);
+		if (rn != NULL && strcmp(rn, key) == 0)
+			return (fs);
+		if (key[0] != '/') {
+			if (*fs->fs_spec == '/' &&
+			    strcmp(fs->fs_spec + 1, key) == 0)
+				return (fs);
+			if (*fs->fs_file == '/' &&
+			    strcmp(fs->fs_file + 1, key) == 0)
+				return (fs);
+		}
+	}
+	return (NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ *	Tell the operator what to do
+ */
+void
+lastdump(arg)
+	char	arg;	/* w ==> just what to do; W ==> most recent dumps */
+{
+	register int i;
+	register struct fstab *dt;
+	register struct dumpdates *dtwalk;
+	char *lastname, *date;
+	int dumpme;
+	time_t tnow;
+
+	(void) time(&tnow);
+	getfstab();		/* /etc/fstab input */
+	initdumptimes();	/* /etc/dumpdates input */
+	qsort((char *) ddatev, nddates, sizeof(struct dumpdates *), datesort);
+
+	if (arg == 'w')
+		(void) printf("Dump these file systems:\n");
+	else
+		(void) printf("Last dump(s) done (Dump '>' file systems):\n");
+	lastname = "??";
+	ITITERATE(i, dtwalk) {
+		if (strncmp(lastname, dtwalk->dd_name,
+		    sizeof(dtwalk->dd_name)) == 0)
+			continue;
+		date = (char *)ctime(&dtwalk->dd_ddate);
+		date[16] = '\0';	/* blast away seconds and year */
+		lastname = dtwalk->dd_name;
+		dt = fstabsearch(dtwalk->dd_name);
+		dumpme = (dt != NULL &&
+		    dt->fs_freq != 0 &&
+		    dtwalk->dd_ddate < tnow - (dt->fs_freq * SECSPERDAY));
+		if (arg != 'w' || dumpme)
+			(void) printf(
+			    "%c %8s\t(%6s) Last dump: Level %c, Date %s\n",
+			    dumpme && (arg != 'w') ? '>' : ' ',
+			    dtwalk->dd_name,
+			    dt ? dt->fs_file : "",
+			    dtwalk->dd_level,
+			    date);
+	}
+}
+
+int
+datesort(a1, a2)
+	const void *a1, *a2;
+{
+	struct dumpdates *d1 = *(struct dumpdates **)a1;
+	struct dumpdates *d2 = *(struct dumpdates **)a2;
+	int diff;
+
+	diff = strncmp(d1->dd_name, d2->dd_name, sizeof(d1->dd_name));
+	if (diff == 0)
+		return (d2->dd_ddate - d1->dd_ddate);
+	return (diff);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/dump/pathnames.h b/sbin/dump/pathnames.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e4dff5336062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/pathnames.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ *	@(#)pathnames.h	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+ */
+
+#include <paths.h>
+
+#define	_PATH_DEFTAPE	"/dev/rmt8"
+#define	_PATH_DTMP	"/etc/dtmp"
+#define	_PATH_DUMPDATES	"/etc/dumpdates"
+#define	_PATH_LOCK	"/tmp/dumplockXXXXXX"
+#define	_PATH_RMT	"rmt"
diff --git a/sbin/dump/tape.c b/sbin/dump/tape.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f6a4e5b82bd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/tape.c
@@ -0,0 +1,859 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)tape.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 3/17/94";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#ifdef sunos
+#include <sys/vnode.h>
+
+#include <ufs/fs.h>
+#include <ufs/inode.h>
+#else
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef __STDC__
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#else
+int	write(), read();
+#endif
+
+#include "dump.h"
+#include "pathnames.h"
+
+int	writesize;		/* size of malloc()ed buffer for tape */
+long	lastspclrec = -1;	/* tape block number of last written header */
+int	trecno = 0;		/* next record to write in current block */
+extern	long blocksperfile;	/* number of blocks per output file */
+long	blocksthisvol;		/* number of blocks on current output file */
+extern	int ntrec;		/* blocking factor on tape */
+extern	int cartridge;
+extern	char *host;
+char	*nexttape;
+
+static	int atomic __P((int (*)(), int, char *, int));
+static	void doslave __P((int, int));
+static	void enslave __P((void));
+static	void flushtape __P((void));
+static	void killall __P((void));
+static	void rollforward __P((void));
+
+/*
+ * Concurrent dump mods (Caltech) - disk block reading and tape writing
+ * are exported to several slave processes.  While one slave writes the
+ * tape, the others read disk blocks; they pass control of the tape in
+ * a ring via signals. The parent process traverses the filesystem and
+ * sends writeheader()'s and lists of daddr's to the slaves via pipes.
+ * The following structure defines the instruction packets sent to slaves.
+ */
+struct req {
+	daddr_t dblk;
+	int count;
+};
+int reqsiz;
+
+#define SLAVES 3		/* 1 slave writing, 1 reading, 1 for slack */
+struct slave {
+	int tapea;		/* header number at start of this chunk */
+	int count;		/* count to next header (used for TS_TAPE */
+				/* after EOT) */
+	int inode;		/* inode that we are currently dealing with */
+	int fd;			/* FD for this slave */
+	int pid;		/* PID for this slave */
+	int sent;		/* 1 == we've sent this slave requests */
+	int firstrec;		/* record number of this block */
+	char (*tblock)[TP_BSIZE]; /* buffer for data blocks */
+	struct req *req;	/* buffer for requests */
+} slaves[SLAVES+1];
+struct slave *slp;
+
+char	(*nextblock)[TP_BSIZE];
+
+int master;		/* pid of master, for sending error signals */
+int tenths;		/* length of tape used per block written */
+static int caught;	/* have we caught the signal to proceed? */
+static int ready;	/* have we reached the lock point without having */
+			/* received the SIGUSR2 signal from the prev slave? */
+static jmp_buf jmpbuf;	/* where to jump to if we are ready when the */
+			/* SIGUSR2 arrives from the previous slave */
+
+int
+alloctape()
+{
+	int pgoff = getpagesize() - 1;
+	char *buf;
+	int i;
+
+	writesize = ntrec * TP_BSIZE;
+	reqsiz = (ntrec + 1) * sizeof(struct req);
+	/*
+	 * CDC 92181's and 92185's make 0.8" gaps in 1600-bpi start/stop mode
+	 * (see DEC TU80 User's Guide).  The shorter gaps of 6250-bpi require
+	 * repositioning after stopping, i.e, streaming mode, where the gap is
+	 * variable, 0.30" to 0.45".  The gap is maximal when the tape stops.
+	 */
+	if (blocksperfile == 0)
+		tenths = writesize / density +
+		    (cartridge ? 16 : density == 625 ? 5 : 8);
+	/*
+	 * Allocate tape buffer contiguous with the array of instruction
+	 * packets, so flushtape() can write them together with one write().
+	 * Align tape buffer on page boundary to speed up tape write().
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i <= SLAVES; i++) {
+		buf = (char *)
+		    malloc((unsigned)(reqsiz + writesize + pgoff + TP_BSIZE));
+		if (buf == NULL)
+			return(0);
+		slaves[i].tblock = (char (*)[TP_BSIZE])
+		    (((long)&buf[ntrec + 1] + pgoff) &~ pgoff);
+		slaves[i].req = (struct req *)slaves[i].tblock - ntrec - 1;
+	}
+	slp = &slaves[0];
+	slp->count = 1;
+	slp->tapea = 0;
+	slp->firstrec = 0;
+	nextblock = slp->tblock;
+	return(1);
+}
+
+void
+writerec(dp, isspcl)
+	char *dp;
+	int isspcl;
+{
+
+	slp->req[trecno].dblk = (daddr_t)0;
+	slp->req[trecno].count = 1;
+	*(union u_spcl *)(*(nextblock)++) = *(union u_spcl *)dp;
+	if (isspcl)
+		lastspclrec = spcl.c_tapea;
+	trecno++;
+	spcl.c_tapea++;
+	if (trecno >= ntrec)
+		flushtape();
+}
+
+void
+dumpblock(blkno, size)
+	daddr_t blkno;
+	int size;
+{
+	int avail, tpblks, dblkno;
+
+	dblkno = fsbtodb(sblock, blkno);
+	tpblks = size >> tp_bshift;
+	while ((avail = MIN(tpblks, ntrec - trecno)) > 0) {
+		slp->req[trecno].dblk = dblkno;
+		slp->req[trecno].count = avail;
+		trecno += avail;
+		spcl.c_tapea += avail;
+		if (trecno >= ntrec)
+			flushtape();
+		dblkno += avail << (tp_bshift - dev_bshift);
+		tpblks -= avail;
+	}
+}
+
+int	nogripe = 0;
+
+void
+tperror(signo)
+	int signo;
+{
+
+	if (pipeout) {
+		msg("write error on %s\n", tape);
+		quit("Cannot recover\n");
+		/* NOTREACHED */
+	}
+	msg("write error %d blocks into volume %d\n", blocksthisvol, tapeno);
+	broadcast("DUMP WRITE ERROR!\n");
+	if (!query("Do you want to restart?"))
+		dumpabort(0);
+	msg("Closing this volume.  Prepare to restart with new media;\n");
+	msg("this dump volume will be rewritten.\n");
+	killall();
+	nogripe = 1;
+	close_rewind();
+	Exit(X_REWRITE);
+}
+
+void
+sigpipe(signo)
+	int signo;
+{
+
+	quit("Broken pipe\n");
+}
+
+static void
+flushtape()
+{
+	int i, blks, got;
+	long lastfirstrec;
+
+	int siz = (char *)nextblock - (char *)slp->req;
+
+	slp->req[trecno].count = 0;			/* Sentinel */
+
+	if (atomic(write, slp->fd, (char *)slp->req, siz) != siz)
+		quit("error writing command pipe: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+	slp->sent = 1; /* we sent a request, read the response later */
+
+	lastfirstrec = slp->firstrec;
+
+	if (++slp >= &slaves[SLAVES])
+		slp = &slaves[0];
+
+	/* Read results back from next slave */
+	if (slp->sent) {
+		if (atomic(read, slp->fd, (char *)&got, sizeof got)
+		    != sizeof got) {
+			perror("  DUMP: error reading command pipe in master");
+			dumpabort(0);
+		}
+		slp->sent = 0;
+
+		/* Check for end of tape */
+		if (got < writesize) {
+			msg("End of tape detected\n");
+
+			/*
+			 * Drain the results, don't care what the values were.
+			 * If we read them here then trewind won't...
+			 */
+			for (i = 0; i < SLAVES; i++) {
+				if (slaves[i].sent) {
+					if (atomic(read, slaves[i].fd,
+					    (char *)&got, sizeof got)
+					    != sizeof got) {
+						perror("  DUMP: error reading command pipe in master");
+						dumpabort(0);
+					}
+					slaves[i].sent = 0;
+				}
+			}
+
+			close_rewind();
+			rollforward();
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	blks = 0;
+	if (spcl.c_type != TS_END) {
+		for (i = 0; i < spcl.c_count; i++)
+			if (spcl.c_addr[i] != 0)
+				blks++;
+	}
+	slp->count = lastspclrec + blks + 1 - spcl.c_tapea;
+	slp->tapea = spcl.c_tapea;
+	slp->firstrec = lastfirstrec + ntrec;
+	slp->inode = curino;
+	nextblock = slp->tblock;
+	trecno = 0;
+	asize += tenths;
+	blockswritten += ntrec;
+	blocksthisvol += ntrec;
+	if (!pipeout && (blocksperfile ?
+	    (blocksthisvol >= blocksperfile) : (asize > tsize))) {
+		close_rewind();
+		startnewtape(0);
+	}
+	timeest();
+}
+
+void
+trewind()
+{
+	int f;
+	int got;
+
+	for (f = 0; f < SLAVES; f++) {
+		/*
+		 * Drain the results, but unlike EOT we DO (or should) care 
+		 * what the return values were, since if we detect EOT after 
+		 * we think we've written the last blocks to the tape anyway, 
+		 * we have to replay those blocks with rollforward.
+		 *
+		 * fixme: punt for now.  
+		 */
+		if (slaves[f].sent) {
+			if (atomic(read, slaves[f].fd, (char *)&got, sizeof got)
+			    != sizeof got) {
+				perror("  DUMP: error reading command pipe in master");
+				dumpabort(0);
+			}
+			slaves[f].sent = 0;
+			if (got != writesize) {
+				msg("EOT detected in last 2 tape records!\n");
+				msg("Use a longer tape, decrease the size estimate\n");
+				quit("or use no size estimate at all.\n");
+			}
+		}
+		(void) close(slaves[f].fd);
+	}
+	while (wait((int *)NULL) >= 0)	/* wait for any signals from slaves */
+		/* void */;
+
+	if (pipeout)
+		return;
+
+	msg("Closing %s\n", tape);
+
+#ifdef RDUMP
+	if (host) {
+		rmtclose();
+		while (rmtopen(tape, 0) < 0)
+			sleep(10);
+		rmtclose();
+		return;
+	}
+#endif
+	(void) close(tapefd);
+	while ((f = open(tape, 0)) < 0)
+		sleep (10);
+	(void) close(f);
+}
+
+void
+close_rewind()
+{
+	trewind();
+	if (nexttape)
+		return;
+	if (!nogripe) {
+		msg("Change Volumes: Mount volume #%d\n", tapeno+1);
+		broadcast("CHANGE DUMP VOLUMES!\7\7\n");
+	}
+	while (!query("Is the new volume mounted and ready to go?"))
+		if (query("Do you want to abort?")) {
+			dumpabort(0);
+			/*NOTREACHED*/
+		}
+}
+
+void
+rollforward()
+{
+	register struct req *p, *q, *prev;
+	register struct slave *tslp;
+	int i, size, savedtapea, got;
+	union u_spcl *ntb, *otb;
+	tslp = &slaves[SLAVES];
+	ntb = (union u_spcl *)tslp->tblock[1];
+
+	/*
+	 * Each of the N slaves should have requests that need to 
+	 * be replayed on the next tape.  Use the extra slave buffers 
+	 * (slaves[SLAVES]) to construct request lists to be sent to 
+	 * each slave in turn.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < SLAVES; i++) {
+		q = &tslp->req[1];
+		otb = (union u_spcl *)slp->tblock;
+
+		/*
+		 * For each request in the current slave, copy it to tslp. 
+		 */
+
+		prev = NULL;
+		for (p = slp->req; p->count > 0; p += p->count) {
+			*q = *p;
+			if (p->dblk == 0)
+				*ntb++ = *otb++; /* copy the datablock also */
+			prev = q;
+			q += q->count;
+		}
+		if (prev == NULL)
+			quit("rollforward: protocol botch");
+		if (prev->dblk != 0)
+			prev->count -= 1;
+		else
+			ntb--;
+		q -= 1;
+		q->count = 0;
+		q = &tslp->req[0];
+		if (i == 0) {
+			q->dblk = 0;
+			q->count = 1;
+			trecno = 0;
+			nextblock = tslp->tblock;
+			savedtapea = spcl.c_tapea;
+			spcl.c_tapea = slp->tapea;
+			startnewtape(0);
+			spcl.c_tapea = savedtapea;
+			lastspclrec = savedtapea - 1;
+		}
+		size = (char *)ntb - (char *)q;
+		if (atomic(write, slp->fd, (char *)q, size) != size) {
+			perror("  DUMP: error writing command pipe");
+			dumpabort(0);
+		}
+		slp->sent = 1;
+		if (++slp >= &slaves[SLAVES])
+			slp = &slaves[0];
+
+		q->count = 1;
+
+		if (prev->dblk != 0) {
+			/*
+			 * If the last one was a disk block, make the 
+			 * first of this one be the last bit of that disk 
+			 * block...
+			 */
+			q->dblk = prev->dblk +
+				prev->count * (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE);
+			ntb = (union u_spcl *)tslp->tblock;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * It wasn't a disk block.  Copy the data to its 
+			 * new location in the buffer.
+			 */
+			q->dblk = 0;
+			*((union u_spcl *)tslp->tblock) = *ntb;
+			ntb = (union u_spcl *)tslp->tblock[1];
+		}
+	}
+	slp->req[0] = *q;
+	nextblock = slp->tblock;
+	if (q->dblk == 0)
+		nextblock++;
+	trecno = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Clear the first slaves' response.  One hopes that it
+	 * worked ok, otherwise the tape is much too short!
+	 */
+	if (slp->sent) {
+		if (atomic(read, slp->fd, (char *)&got, sizeof got)
+		    != sizeof got) {
+			perror("  DUMP: error reading command pipe in master");
+			dumpabort(0);
+		}
+		slp->sent = 0;
+
+		if (got != writesize) {
+			quit("EOT detected at start of the tape!\n");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * We implement taking and restoring checkpoints on the tape level.
+ * When each tape is opened, a new process is created by forking; this
+ * saves all of the necessary context in the parent.  The child
+ * continues the dump; the parent waits around, saving the context.
+ * If the child returns X_REWRITE, then it had problems writing that tape;
+ * this causes the parent to fork again, duplicating the context, and
+ * everything continues as if nothing had happened.
+ */
+void
+startnewtape(top)
+	int top;
+{
+	int	parentpid;
+	int	childpid;
+	int	status;
+	int	waitpid;
+	char	*p;
+#ifdef sunos
+	void	(*interrupt_save)();
+#else
+	sig_t	interrupt_save;
+#endif
+
+	interrupt_save = signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+	parentpid = getpid();
+
+restore_check_point:
+	(void)signal(SIGINT, interrupt_save);
+	/*
+	 *	All signals are inherited...
+	 */
+	childpid = fork();
+	if (childpid < 0) {
+		msg("Context save fork fails in parent %d\n", parentpid);
+		Exit(X_ABORT);
+	}
+	if (childpid != 0) {
+		/*
+		 *	PARENT:
+		 *	save the context by waiting
+		 *	until the child doing all of the work returns.
+		 *	don't catch the interrupt
+		 */
+		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+#ifdef TDEBUG
+		msg("Tape: %d; parent process: %d child process %d\n",
+			tapeno+1, parentpid, childpid);
+#endif /* TDEBUG */
+		while ((waitpid = wait(&status)) != childpid)
+			msg("Parent %d waiting for child %d has another child %d return\n",
+				parentpid, childpid, waitpid);
+		if (status & 0xFF) {
+			msg("Child %d returns LOB status %o\n",
+				childpid, status&0xFF);
+		}
+		status = (status >> 8) & 0xFF;
+#ifdef TDEBUG
+		switch(status) {
+			case X_FINOK:
+				msg("Child %d finishes X_FINOK\n", childpid);
+				break;
+			case X_ABORT:	
+				msg("Child %d finishes X_ABORT\n", childpid);
+				break;
+			case X_REWRITE:
+				msg("Child %d finishes X_REWRITE\n", childpid);
+				break;
+			default:
+				msg("Child %d finishes unknown %d\n",
+					childpid, status);
+				break;
+		}
+#endif /* TDEBUG */
+		switch(status) {
+			case X_FINOK:
+				Exit(X_FINOK);
+			case X_ABORT:
+				Exit(X_ABORT);
+			case X_REWRITE:
+				goto restore_check_point;
+			default:
+				msg("Bad return code from dump: %d\n", status);
+				Exit(X_ABORT);
+		}
+		/*NOTREACHED*/
+	} else {	/* we are the child; just continue */
+#ifdef TDEBUG
+		sleep(4);	/* allow time for parent's message to get out */
+		msg("Child on Tape %d has parent %d, my pid = %d\n",
+			tapeno+1, parentpid, getpid());
+#endif /* TDEBUG */
+		/*
+		 * If we have a name like "/dev/rmt0,/dev/rmt1",
+		 * use the name before the comma first, and save
+		 * the remaining names for subsequent volumes.
+		 */
+		tapeno++;               /* current tape sequence */
+		if (nexttape || index(tape, ',')) {
+			if (nexttape && *nexttape)
+				tape = nexttape;
+			if ((p = index(tape, ',')) != NULL) {
+				*p = '\0';
+				nexttape = p + 1;
+			} else
+				nexttape = NULL;
+			msg("Dumping volume %d on %s\n", tapeno, tape);
+		}
+#ifdef RDUMP
+		while ((tapefd = (host ? rmtopen(tape, 2) :
+			pipeout ? 1 : open(tape, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0666))) < 0)
+#else
+		while ((tapefd = (pipeout ? 1 : 
+				  open(tape, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0666))) < 0)
+#endif
+		    {
+			msg("Cannot open output \"%s\".\n", tape);
+			if (!query("Do you want to retry the open?"))
+				dumpabort(0);
+		}
+
+		enslave();  /* Share open tape file descriptor with slaves */
+
+		asize = 0;
+		blocksthisvol = 0;
+		if (top)
+			newtape++;		/* new tape signal */
+		spcl.c_count = slp->count; 
+		/*
+		 * measure firstrec in TP_BSIZE units since restore doesn't
+		 * know the correct ntrec value...
+		 */
+		spcl.c_firstrec = slp->firstrec;
+		spcl.c_volume++;
+		spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE;
+		spcl.c_flags |= DR_NEWHEADER;
+		writeheader((ino_t)slp->inode);
+		spcl.c_flags &=~ DR_NEWHEADER;
+		if (tapeno > 1)
+			msg("Volume %d begins with blocks from inode %d\n",
+				tapeno, slp->inode);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+dumpabort(signo)
+	int signo;
+{
+
+	if (master != 0 && master != getpid())
+		/* Signals master to call dumpabort */
+		(void) kill(master, SIGTERM);
+	else {
+		killall();
+		msg("The ENTIRE dump is aborted.\n");
+	}
+#ifdef RDUMP
+	rmtclose();
+#endif
+	Exit(X_ABORT);
+}
+
+__dead void
+Exit(status)
+	int status;
+{
+
+#ifdef TDEBUG
+	msg("pid = %d exits with status %d\n", getpid(), status);
+#endif /* TDEBUG */
+	exit(status);
+}
+
+/*
+ * proceed - handler for SIGUSR2, used to synchronize IO between the slaves.
+ */
+void
+proceed(signo)
+	int signo;
+{
+
+	if (ready)
+		longjmp(jmpbuf, 1);
+	caught++;
+}
+
+void
+enslave()
+{
+	int cmd[2];
+	register int i, j;
+
+	master = getpid();
+
+	signal(SIGTERM, dumpabort);  /* Slave sends SIGTERM on dumpabort() */
+	signal(SIGPIPE, sigpipe);
+	signal(SIGUSR1, tperror);    /* Slave sends SIGUSR1 on tape errors */
+	signal(SIGUSR2, proceed);    /* Slave sends SIGUSR2 to next slave */
+
+	for (i = 0; i < SLAVES; i++) {
+		if (i == slp - &slaves[0]) {
+			caught = 1;
+		} else {
+			caught = 0;
+		}
+
+		if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, cmd) < 0 ||
+		    (slaves[i].pid = fork()) < 0)
+			quit("too many slaves, %d (recompile smaller): %s\n",
+			    i, strerror(errno));
+
+		slaves[i].fd = cmd[1];
+		slaves[i].sent = 0;
+		if (slaves[i].pid == 0) { 	    /* Slave starts up here */
+			for (j = 0; j <= i; j++)
+			        (void) close(slaves[j].fd);
+			signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);    /* Master handles this */
+			doslave(cmd[0], i);
+			Exit(X_FINOK);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	for (i = 0; i < SLAVES; i++)
+		(void) atomic(write, slaves[i].fd, 
+			      (char *) &slaves[(i + 1) % SLAVES].pid, 
+		              sizeof slaves[0].pid);
+		
+	master = 0; 
+}
+
+void
+killall()
+{
+	register int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < SLAVES; i++)
+		if (slaves[i].pid > 0)
+			(void) kill(slaves[i].pid, SIGKILL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Synchronization - each process has a lockfile, and shares file
+ * descriptors to the following process's lockfile.  When our write
+ * completes, we release our lock on the following process's lock-
+ * file, allowing the following process to lock it and proceed. We
+ * get the lock back for the next cycle by swapping descriptors.
+ */
+static void
+doslave(cmd, slave_number)
+	register int cmd;
+        int slave_number;
+{
+	register int nread;
+	int nextslave, size, wrote, eot_count;
+
+	/*
+	 * Need our own seek pointer.
+	 */
+	(void) close(diskfd);
+	if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
+		quit("slave couldn't reopen disk: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+
+	/*
+	 * Need the pid of the next slave in the loop...
+	 */
+	if ((nread = atomic(read, cmd, (char *)&nextslave, sizeof nextslave))
+	    != sizeof nextslave) {
+		quit("master/slave protocol botched - didn't get pid of next slave.\n");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Get list of blocks to dump, read the blocks into tape buffer
+	 */
+	while ((nread = atomic(read, cmd, (char *)slp->req, reqsiz)) == reqsiz) {
+		register struct req *p = slp->req;
+
+		for (trecno = 0; trecno < ntrec;
+		     trecno += p->count, p += p->count) {
+			if (p->dblk) {
+				bread(p->dblk, slp->tblock[trecno],
+					p->count * TP_BSIZE);
+			} else {
+				if (p->count != 1 || atomic(read, cmd,
+				    (char *)slp->tblock[trecno], 
+				    TP_BSIZE) != TP_BSIZE)
+				       quit("master/slave protocol botched.\n");
+			}
+		}
+		if (setjmp(jmpbuf) == 0) {
+			ready = 1;
+			if (!caught)
+				(void) pause();
+		}
+		ready = 0;
+		caught = 0;
+
+		/* Try to write the data... */
+		eot_count = 0;
+		size = 0;
+
+		while (eot_count < 10 && size < writesize) {
+#ifdef RDUMP
+			if (host)
+				wrote = rmtwrite(slp->tblock[0]+size,
+				    writesize-size);
+			else
+#endif
+				wrote = write(tapefd, slp->tblock[0]+size,
+				    writesize-size);
+#ifdef WRITEDEBUG
+			printf("slave %d wrote %d\n", slave_number, wrote);
+#endif
+			if (wrote < 0) 
+				break;
+			if (wrote == 0)
+				eot_count++;
+			size += wrote;
+		}
+
+#ifdef WRITEDEBUG
+		if (size != writesize) 
+		 printf("slave %d only wrote %d out of %d bytes and gave up.\n",
+		     slave_number, size, writesize);
+#endif
+
+		if (eot_count > 0)
+			size = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * fixme: Pyramids running OSx return ENOSPC
+		 * at EOT on 1/2 inch drives.
+		 */
+		if (size < 0) {
+			(void) kill(master, SIGUSR1);
+			for (;;)
+				(void) sigpause(0);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * pass size of write back to master
+			 * (for EOT handling)
+			 */
+			(void) atomic(write, cmd, (char *)&size, sizeof size);
+		} 
+
+		/*
+		 * If partial write, don't want next slave to go.
+		 * Also jolts him awake.
+		 */
+		(void) kill(nextslave, SIGUSR2);
+	}
+	if (nread != 0)
+		quit("error reading command pipe: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Since a read from a pipe may not return all we asked for,
+ * or a write may not write all we ask if we get a signal,
+ * loop until the count is satisfied (or error).
+ */
+static int
+atomic(func, fd, buf, count)
+	int (*func)(), fd;
+	char *buf;
+	int count;
+{
+	int got, need = count;
+
+	while ((got = (*func)(fd, buf, need)) > 0 && (need -= got) > 0)
+		buf += got;
+	return (got < 0 ? got : count - need);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/dump/traverse.c b/sbin/dump/traverse.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ce70050ce073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/traverse.c
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1988, 1991, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)traverse.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 9/23/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#ifdef sunos
+#include <sys/vnode.h>
+
+#include <ufs/fs.h>
+#include <ufs/fsdir.h>
+#include <ufs/inode.h>
+#else
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef __STDC__
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "dump.h"
+
+#define	HASDUMPEDFILE	0x1
+#define	HASSUBDIRS	0x2
+
+#ifdef	FS_44INODEFMT
+typedef	quad_t fsizeT;
+#else
+typedef	long fsizeT;
+#endif
+
+static	int dirindir __P((ino_t ino, daddr_t blkno, int level, long *size));
+static	void dmpindir __P((ino_t ino, daddr_t blk, int level, fsizeT *size));
+static	int searchdir __P((ino_t ino, daddr_t blkno, long size, long filesize));
+
+/*
+ * This is an estimation of the number of TP_BSIZE blocks in the file.
+ * It estimates the number of blocks in files with holes by assuming
+ * that all of the blocks accounted for by di_blocks are data blocks
+ * (when some of the blocks are usually used for indirect pointers);
+ * hence the estimate may be high.
+ */
+long
+blockest(dp)
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+{
+	long blkest, sizeest;
+
+	/*
+	 * dp->di_size is the size of the file in bytes.
+	 * dp->di_blocks stores the number of sectors actually in the file.
+	 * If there are more sectors than the size would indicate, this just
+	 *	means that there are indirect blocks in the file or unused
+	 *	sectors in the last file block; we can safely ignore these
+	 *	(blkest = sizeest below).
+	 * If the file is bigger than the number of sectors would indicate,
+	 *	then the file has holes in it.	In this case we must use the
+	 *	block count to estimate the number of data blocks used, but
+	 *	we use the actual size for estimating the number of indirect
+	 *	dump blocks (sizeest vs. blkest in the indirect block
+	 *	calculation).
+	 */
+	blkest = howmany(dbtob(dp->di_blocks), TP_BSIZE);
+	sizeest = howmany(dp->di_size, TP_BSIZE);
+	if (blkest > sizeest)
+		blkest = sizeest;
+	if (dp->di_size > sblock->fs_bsize * NDADDR) {
+		/* calculate the number of indirect blocks on the dump tape */
+		blkest +=
+			howmany(sizeest - NDADDR * sblock->fs_bsize / TP_BSIZE,
+			TP_NINDIR);
+	}
+	return (blkest + 1);
+}
+
+/* Auxiliary macro to pick up files changed since previous dump. */
+#ifdef FS_44INODEFMT
+#define	CHANGEDSINCE(dp, t) \
+	((dp)->di_mtime.ts_sec >= (t) || (dp)->di_ctime.ts_sec >= (t))
+#else
+#define	CHANGEDSINCE(dp, t) \
+	((dp)->di_mtime >= (t) || (dp)->di_ctime >= (t))
+#endif
+
+/* The WANTTODUMP macro decides whether a file should be dumped. */
+#ifdef UF_NODUMP
+#define	WANTTODUMP(dp) \
+	(CHANGEDSINCE(dp, spcl.c_ddate) && \
+	 (nonodump || ((dp)->di_flags & UF_NODUMP) != UF_NODUMP))
+#else
+#define	WANTTODUMP(dp) CHANGEDSINCE(dp, spcl.c_ddate)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Dump pass 1.
+ *
+ * Walk the inode list for a filesystem to find all allocated inodes
+ * that have been modified since the previous dump time. Also, find all
+ * the directories in the filesystem.
+ */
+int
+mapfiles(maxino, tapesize)
+	ino_t maxino;
+	long *tapesize;
+{
+	register int mode;
+	register ino_t ino;
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	int anydirskipped = 0;
+
+	for (ino = ROOTINO; ino < maxino; ino++) {
+		dp = getino(ino);
+		if ((mode = (dp->di_mode & IFMT)) == 0)
+			continue;
+		SETINO(ino, usedinomap);
+		if (mode == IFDIR)
+			SETINO(ino, dumpdirmap);
+		if (WANTTODUMP(dp)) {
+			SETINO(ino, dumpinomap);
+			if (mode != IFREG && mode != IFDIR && mode != IFLNK)
+				*tapesize += 1;
+			else
+				*tapesize += blockest(dp);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (mode == IFDIR)
+			anydirskipped = 1;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Restore gets very upset if the root is not dumped,
+	 * so ensure that it always is dumped.
+	 */
+	SETINO(ROOTINO, dumpinomap);
+	return (anydirskipped);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump pass 2.
+ *
+ * Scan each directory on the filesystem to see if it has any modified
+ * files in it. If it does, and has not already been added to the dump
+ * list (because it was itself modified), then add it. If a directory
+ * has not been modified itself, contains no modified files and has no
+ * subdirectories, then it can be deleted from the dump list and from
+ * the list of directories. By deleting it from the list of directories,
+ * its parent may now qualify for the same treatment on this or a later
+ * pass using this algorithm.
+ */
+int
+mapdirs(maxino, tapesize)
+	ino_t maxino;
+	long *tapesize;
+{
+	register struct	dinode *dp;
+	register int i, isdir;
+	register char *map;
+	register ino_t ino;
+	long filesize;
+	int ret, change = 0;
+
+	isdir = 0;		/* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
+	for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
+		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
+			isdir = *map++;
+		else
+			isdir >>= 1;
+		if ((isdir & 1) == 0 || TSTINO(ino, dumpinomap))
+			continue;
+		dp = getino(ino);
+		filesize = dp->di_size;
+		for (ret = 0, i = 0; filesize > 0 && i < NDADDR; i++) {
+			if (dp->di_db[i] != 0)
+				ret |= searchdir(ino, dp->di_db[i],
+					(long)dblksize(sblock, dp, i),
+					filesize);
+			if (ret & HASDUMPEDFILE)
+				filesize = 0;
+			else
+				filesize -= sblock->fs_bsize;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; filesize > 0 && i < NIADDR; i++) {
+			if (dp->di_ib[i] == 0)
+				continue;
+			ret |= dirindir(ino, dp->di_ib[i], i, &filesize);
+		}
+		if (ret & HASDUMPEDFILE) {
+			SETINO(ino, dumpinomap);
+			*tapesize += blockest(dp);
+			change = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if ((ret & HASSUBDIRS) == 0) {
+			if (!TSTINO(ino, dumpinomap)) {
+				CLRINO(ino, dumpdirmap);
+				change = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return (change);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read indirect blocks, and pass the data blocks to be searched
+ * as directories. Quit as soon as any entry is found that will
+ * require the directory to be dumped.
+ */
+static int
+dirindir(ino, blkno, ind_level, filesize)
+	ino_t ino;
+	daddr_t blkno;
+	int ind_level;
+	long *filesize;
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	register int i;
+	daddr_t	idblk[MAXNINDIR];
+
+	bread(fsbtodb(sblock, blkno), (char *)idblk, (int)sblock->fs_bsize);
+	if (ind_level <= 0) {
+		for (i = 0; *filesize > 0 && i < NINDIR(sblock); i++) {
+			blkno = idblk[i];
+			if (blkno != 0)
+				ret |= searchdir(ino, blkno, sblock->fs_bsize,
+					*filesize);
+			if (ret & HASDUMPEDFILE)
+				*filesize = 0;
+			else
+				*filesize -= sblock->fs_bsize;
+		}
+		return (ret);
+	}
+	ind_level--;
+	for (i = 0; *filesize > 0 && i < NINDIR(sblock); i++) {
+		blkno = idblk[i];
+		if (blkno != 0)
+			ret |= dirindir(ino, blkno, ind_level, filesize);
+	}
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan a disk block containing directory information looking to see if
+ * any of the entries are on the dump list and to see if the directory
+ * contains any subdirectories.
+ */
+static int
+searchdir(ino, blkno, size, filesize)
+	ino_t ino;
+	daddr_t blkno;
+	register long size;
+	long filesize;
+{
+	register struct direct *dp;
+	register long loc, ret = 0;
+	char dblk[MAXBSIZE];
+
+	bread(fsbtodb(sblock, blkno), dblk, (int)size);
+	if (filesize < size)
+		size = filesize;
+	for (loc = 0; loc < size; ) {
+		dp = (struct direct *)(dblk + loc);
+		if (dp->d_reclen == 0) {
+			msg("corrupted directory, inumber %d\n", ino);
+			break;
+		}
+		loc += dp->d_reclen;
+		if (dp->d_ino == 0)
+			continue;
+		if (dp->d_name[0] == '.') {
+			if (dp->d_name[1] == '\0')
+				continue;
+			if (dp->d_name[1] == '.' && dp->d_name[2] == '\0')
+				continue;
+		}
+		if (TSTINO(dp->d_ino, dumpinomap)) {
+			ret |= HASDUMPEDFILE;
+			if (ret & HASSUBDIRS)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (TSTINO(dp->d_ino, dumpdirmap)) {
+			ret |= HASSUBDIRS;
+			if (ret & HASDUMPEDFILE)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump passes 3 and 4.
+ *
+ * Dump the contents of an inode to tape.
+ */
+void
+dumpino(dp, ino)
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	ino_t ino;
+{
+	int ind_level, cnt;
+	fsizeT size;
+	char buf[TP_BSIZE];
+
+	if (newtape) {
+		newtape = 0;
+		dumpmap(dumpinomap, TS_BITS, ino);
+	}
+	CLRINO(ino, dumpinomap);
+	spcl.c_dinode = *dp;
+	spcl.c_type = TS_INODE;
+	spcl.c_count = 0;
+	switch (dp->di_mode & S_IFMT) {
+
+	case 0:
+		/*
+		 * Freed inode.
+		 */
+		return;
+
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		/*
+		 * Check for short symbolic link.
+		 */
+#ifdef FS_44INODEFMT
+		if (dp->di_size > 0 &&
+		    dp->di_size < sblock->fs_maxsymlinklen) {
+			spcl.c_addr[0] = 1;
+			spcl.c_count = 1;
+			writeheader(ino);
+			bcopy((caddr_t)dp->di_shortlink, buf,
+			    (u_long)dp->di_size);
+			buf[dp->di_size] = '\0';
+			writerec(buf, 0);
+			return;
+		}
+#endif
+		/* fall through */
+
+	case S_IFDIR:
+	case S_IFREG:
+		if (dp->di_size > 0)
+			break;
+		/* fall through */
+
+	case S_IFIFO:
+	case S_IFSOCK:
+	case S_IFCHR:
+	case S_IFBLK:
+		writeheader(ino);
+		return;
+
+	default:
+		msg("Warning: undefined file type 0%o\n", dp->di_mode & IFMT);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (dp->di_size > NDADDR * sblock->fs_bsize)
+		cnt = NDADDR * sblock->fs_frag;
+	else
+		cnt = howmany(dp->di_size, sblock->fs_fsize);
+	blksout(&dp->di_db[0], cnt, ino);
+	if ((size = dp->di_size - NDADDR * sblock->fs_bsize) <= 0)
+		return;
+	for (ind_level = 0; ind_level < NIADDR; ind_level++) {
+		dmpindir(ino, dp->di_ib[ind_level], ind_level, &size);
+		if (size <= 0)
+			return;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read indirect blocks, and pass the data blocks to be dumped.
+ */
+static void
+dmpindir(ino, blk, ind_level, size)
+	ino_t ino;
+	daddr_t blk;
+	int ind_level;
+	fsizeT *size;
+{
+	int i, cnt;
+	daddr_t idblk[MAXNINDIR];
+
+	if (blk != 0)
+		bread(fsbtodb(sblock, blk), (char *)idblk, (int) sblock->fs_bsize);
+	else
+		bzero((char *)idblk, (int)sblock->fs_bsize);
+	if (ind_level <= 0) {
+		if (*size < NINDIR(sblock) * sblock->fs_bsize)
+			cnt = howmany(*size, sblock->fs_fsize);
+		else
+			cnt = NINDIR(sblock) * sblock->fs_frag;
+		*size -= NINDIR(sblock) * sblock->fs_bsize;
+		blksout(&idblk[0], cnt, ino);
+		return;
+	}
+	ind_level--;
+	for (i = 0; i < NINDIR(sblock); i++) {
+		dmpindir(ino, idblk[i], ind_level, size);
+		if (*size <= 0)
+			return;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Collect up the data into tape record sized buffers and output them.
+ */
+void
+blksout(blkp, frags, ino)
+	daddr_t *blkp;
+	int frags;
+	ino_t ino;
+{
+	register daddr_t *bp;
+	int i, j, count, blks, tbperdb;
+
+	blks = howmany(frags * sblock->fs_fsize, TP_BSIZE);
+	tbperdb = sblock->fs_bsize >> tp_bshift;
+	for (i = 0; i < blks; i += TP_NINDIR) {
+		if (i + TP_NINDIR > blks)
+			count = blks;
+		else
+			count = i + TP_NINDIR;
+		for (j = i; j < count; j++)
+			if (blkp[j / tbperdb] != 0)
+				spcl.c_addr[j - i] = 1;
+			else
+				spcl.c_addr[j - i] = 0;
+		spcl.c_count = count - i;
+		writeheader(ino);
+		bp = &blkp[i / tbperdb];
+		for (j = i; j < count; j += tbperdb, bp++)
+			if (*bp != 0)
+				if (j + tbperdb <= count)
+					dumpblock(*bp, (int)sblock->fs_bsize);
+				else
+					dumpblock(*bp, (count - j) * TP_BSIZE);
+		spcl.c_type = TS_ADDR;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump a map to the tape.
+ */
+void
+dumpmap(map, type, ino)
+	char *map;
+	int type;
+	ino_t ino;
+{
+	register int i;
+	char *cp;
+
+	spcl.c_type = type;
+	spcl.c_count = howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE);
+	writeheader(ino);
+	for (i = 0, cp = map; i < spcl.c_count; i++, cp += TP_BSIZE)
+		writerec(cp, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write a header record to the dump tape.
+ */
+void
+writeheader(ino)
+	ino_t ino;
+{
+	register long sum, cnt, *lp;
+
+	spcl.c_inumber = ino;
+	spcl.c_magic = NFS_MAGIC;
+	spcl.c_checksum = 0;
+	lp = (long *)&spcl;
+	sum = 0;
+	cnt = sizeof(union u_spcl) / (4 * sizeof(long));
+	while (--cnt >= 0) {
+		sum += *lp++;
+		sum += *lp++;
+		sum += *lp++;
+		sum += *lp++;
+	}
+	spcl.c_checksum = CHECKSUM - sum;
+	writerec((char *)&spcl, 1);
+}
+
+struct dinode *
+getino(inum)
+	ino_t inum;
+{
+	static daddr_t minino, maxino;
+	static struct dinode inoblock[MAXINOPB];
+
+	curino = inum;
+	if (inum >= minino && inum < maxino)
+		return (&inoblock[inum - minino]);
+	bread(fsbtodb(sblock, ino_to_fsba(sblock, inum)), (char *)inoblock,
+	    (int)sblock->fs_bsize);
+	minino = inum - (inum % INOPB(sblock));
+	maxino = minino + INOPB(sblock);
+	return (&inoblock[inum - minino]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read a chunk of data from the disk.
+ * Try to recover from hard errors by reading in sector sized pieces.
+ * Error recovery is attempted at most BREADEMAX times before seeking
+ * consent from the operator to continue.
+ */
+int	breaderrors = 0;		
+#define	BREADEMAX 32
+
+void
+bread(blkno, buf, size)
+	daddr_t blkno;
+	char *buf;
+	int size;	
+{
+	int cnt, i;
+	extern int errno;
+
+loop:
+	if ((int)lseek(diskfd, ((off_t)blkno << dev_bshift), 0) < 0)
+		msg("bread: lseek fails\n");
+	if ((cnt = read(diskfd, buf, size)) == size)
+		return;
+	if (blkno + (size / dev_bsize) > fsbtodb(sblock, sblock->fs_size)) {
+		/*
+		 * Trying to read the final fragment.
+		 *
+		 * NB - dump only works in TP_BSIZE blocks, hence
+		 * rounds `dev_bsize' fragments up to TP_BSIZE pieces.
+		 * It should be smarter about not actually trying to
+		 * read more than it can get, but for the time being
+		 * we punt and scale back the read only when it gets
+		 * us into trouble. (mkm 9/25/83)
+		 */
+		size -= dev_bsize;
+		goto loop;
+	}
+	if (cnt == -1)
+		msg("read error from %s: %s: [block %d]: count=%d\n",
+			disk, strerror(errno), blkno, size);
+	else
+		msg("short read error from %s: [block %d]: count=%d, got=%d\n",
+			disk, blkno, size, cnt);
+	if (++breaderrors > BREADEMAX) {
+		msg("More than %d block read errors from %d\n",
+			BREADEMAX, disk);
+		broadcast("DUMP IS AILING!\n");
+		msg("This is an unrecoverable error.\n");
+		if (!query("Do you want to attempt to continue?")){
+			dumpabort(0);
+			/*NOTREACHED*/
+		} else
+			breaderrors = 0;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Zero buffer, then try to read each sector of buffer separately.
+	 */
+	bzero(buf, size);
+	for (i = 0; i < size; i += dev_bsize, buf += dev_bsize, blkno++) {
+		if ((int)lseek(diskfd, ((off_t)blkno << dev_bshift), 0) < 0)
+			msg("bread: lseek2 fails!\n");
+		if ((cnt = read(diskfd, buf, (int)dev_bsize)) == dev_bsize)
+			continue;
+		if (cnt == -1) {
+			msg("read error from %s: %s: [sector %d]: count=%d\n",
+				disk, strerror(errno), blkno, dev_bsize);
+			continue;
+		}
+		msg("short read error from %s: [sector %d]: count=%d, got=%d\n",
+			disk, blkno, dev_bsize, cnt);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sbin/dump/unctime.c b/sbin/dump/unctime.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7b3fd4ea7cbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dump/unctime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)unctime.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#ifdef __STDC__
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __P
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Convert a ctime(3) format string into a system format date.
+ * Return the date thus calculated.
+ *
+ * Return -1 if the string is not in ctime format.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Offsets into the ctime string to various parts.
+ */
+
+#define	E_MONTH		4
+#define	E_DAY		8
+#define	E_HOUR		11
+#define	E_MINUTE	14
+#define	E_SECOND	17
+#define	E_YEAR		20
+
+static	int dcmp __P((struct tm *, struct tm *));
+static	time_t emitl __P((struct tm *));
+static	int lookup __P((char *));
+
+
+time_t
+unctime(str)
+	char *str;
+{
+	struct tm then;
+	char dbuf[26];
+
+	(void) strncpy(dbuf, str, sizeof(dbuf) - 1);
+	dbuf[sizeof(dbuf) - 1] = '\0';
+	dbuf[E_MONTH+3] = '\0';
+	if ((then.tm_mon = lookup(&dbuf[E_MONTH])) < 0)
+		return (-1);
+	then.tm_mday = atoi(&dbuf[E_DAY]);
+	then.tm_hour = atoi(&dbuf[E_HOUR]);
+	then.tm_min = atoi(&dbuf[E_MINUTE]);
+	then.tm_sec = atoi(&dbuf[E_SECOND]);
+	then.tm_year = atoi(&dbuf[E_YEAR]) - 1900;
+	return(emitl(&then));
+}
+
+static char months[] =
+	"JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec";
+
+static int
+lookup(str)
+	char *str;
+{
+	register char *cp, *cp2;
+
+	for (cp = months, cp2 = str; *cp != '\0'; cp += 3)
+		if (strncmp(cp, cp2, 3) == 0)
+			return((cp-months) / 3);
+	return(-1);
+}
+/*
+ * Routine to convert a localtime(3) format date back into
+ * a system format date.
+ *
+ *	Use a binary search.
+ */
+
+static time_t
+emitl(dp)
+	struct tm *dp;
+{
+	time_t conv;
+	register int i, bit;
+	struct tm dcopy;
+
+	dcopy = *dp;
+	dp = &dcopy;
+	conv = 0;
+	for (i = 30; i >= 0; i--) {
+		bit = 1 << i;
+		conv |= bit;
+		if (dcmp(localtime(&conv), dp) > 0)
+			conv &= ~bit;
+	}
+	return(conv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare two localtime dates, return result.
+ */
+
+#define DECIDE(a) \
+	if (dp->a > dp2->a) \
+		return(1); \
+	if (dp->a < dp2->a) \
+		return(-1)
+
+static int
+dcmp(dp, dp2)
+	register struct tm *dp, *dp2;
+{
+
+	DECIDE(tm_year);
+	DECIDE(tm_mon);
+	DECIDE(tm_mday);
+	DECIDE(tm_hour);
+	DECIDE(tm_min);
+	DECIDE(tm_sec);
+	return(0);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/dumpfs/Makefile b/sbin/dumpfs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd2a0c2830ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dumpfs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+
+PROG=	dumpfs
+MAN8=	dumpfs.0
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.8 b/sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..17263d0a96f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.8
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)dumpfs.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 5, 1993
+.Dt DUMPFS 8
+.Os BSD 4.2
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm dumpfs
+.Nd dump file system information
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm dumpfs
+.Op Ar filesys No \&| Ar device
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm Dumpfs
+prints out the super block and cylinder group information
+for the file system or special device specified.
+The listing is very long and detailed.  This
+command is useful mostly for finding out certain file system
+information such as the file system block size and minimum
+free space percentage.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr fs 5 ,
+.Xr disktab 5 ,
+.Xr disklabel 8 ,
+.Xr tunefs 8 ,
+.Xr newfs 8 ,
+.Xr fsck 8
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+command appeared in
+.Bx 4.2 .
diff --git a/sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.c b/sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d453fab7512c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1983, 1992, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1992, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dumpfs.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 2/2/94";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fstab.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+union {
+	struct fs fs;
+	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
+} fsun;
+#define	afs	fsun.fs
+
+union {
+	struct cg cg;
+	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
+} cgun;
+#define	acg	cgun.cg
+
+long	dev_bsize = 1;
+
+int	dumpfs __P((char *));
+int	dumpcg __P((char *, int, int));
+void	pbits __P((void *, int));
+void	usage __P((void));
+
+int
+main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char *argv[];
+{
+	register struct fstab *fs;
+	int ch, eval;
+
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "")) != EOF)
+		switch(ch) {
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			usage();
+		}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+
+	if (argc < 1)
+		usage();
+
+	for (eval = 0; *argv; ++argv)
+		if ((fs = getfsfile(*argv)) == NULL)
+			eval |= dumpfs(*argv);
+		else
+			eval |= dumpfs(fs->fs_spec);
+	exit(eval);
+}
+
+int
+dumpfs(name)
+	char *name;
+{
+	int fd, c, i, j, k, size;
+
+	if ((fd = open(name, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
+		goto err;
+	if (lseek(fd, (off_t)SBOFF, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1)
+		goto err;
+	if (read(fd, &afs, SBSIZE) != SBSIZE)
+		goto err;
+
+	if (afs.fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT)
+		afs.fs_nrpos = 8;
+	dev_bsize = afs.fs_fsize / fsbtodb(&afs, 1);
+	printf("magic\t%x\ttime\t%s", afs.fs_magic,
+	    ctime(&afs.fs_time));
+	printf("cylgrp\t%s\tinodes\t%s\n",
+	    afs.fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT ? "static" : "dynamic",
+	    afs.fs_inodefmt < FS_44INODEFMT ? "4.2/4.3BSD" : "4.4BSD");
+	printf("nbfree\t%d\tndir\t%d\tnifree\t%d\tnffree\t%d\n",
+	    afs.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree, afs.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir,
+	    afs.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree, afs.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree);
+	printf("ncg\t%d\tncyl\t%d\tsize\t%d\tblocks\t%d\n",
+	    afs.fs_ncg, afs.fs_ncyl, afs.fs_size, afs.fs_dsize);
+	printf("bsize\t%d\tshift\t%d\tmask\t0x%08x\n",
+	    afs.fs_bsize, afs.fs_bshift, afs.fs_bmask);
+	printf("fsize\t%d\tshift\t%d\tmask\t0x%08x\n",
+	    afs.fs_fsize, afs.fs_fshift, afs.fs_fmask);
+	printf("frag\t%d\tshift\t%d\tfsbtodb\t%d\n",
+	    afs.fs_frag, afs.fs_fragshift, afs.fs_fsbtodb);
+	printf("cpg\t%d\tbpg\t%d\tfpg\t%d\tipg\t%d\n",
+	    afs.fs_cpg, afs.fs_fpg / afs.fs_frag, afs.fs_fpg, afs.fs_ipg);
+	printf("minfree\t%d%%\toptim\t%s\tmaxcontig %d\tmaxbpg\t%d\n",
+	    afs.fs_minfree, afs.fs_optim == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time",
+	    afs.fs_maxcontig, afs.fs_maxbpg);
+	printf("rotdelay %dms\theadswitch %dus\ttrackseek %dus\trps\t%d\n",
+	    afs.fs_rotdelay, afs.fs_headswitch, afs.fs_trkseek, afs.fs_rps);
+	printf("ntrak\t%d\tnsect\t%d\tnpsect\t%d\tspc\t%d\n",
+	    afs.fs_ntrak, afs.fs_nsect, afs.fs_npsect, afs.fs_spc);
+	printf("symlinklen %d\ttrackskew %d\tinterleave %d\tcontigsumsize %d\n",
+	    afs.fs_maxsymlinklen, afs.fs_trackskew, afs.fs_interleave,
+	    afs.fs_contigsumsize);
+	printf("nindir\t%d\tinopb\t%d\tnspf\t%d\n",
+	    afs.fs_nindir, afs.fs_inopb, afs.fs_nspf);
+	printf("sblkno\t%d\tcblkno\t%d\tiblkno\t%d\tdblkno\t%d\n",
+	    afs.fs_sblkno, afs.fs_cblkno, afs.fs_iblkno, afs.fs_dblkno);
+	printf("sbsize\t%d\tcgsize\t%d\tcgoffset %d\tcgmask\t0x%08x\n",
+	    afs.fs_sbsize, afs.fs_cgsize, afs.fs_cgoffset, afs.fs_cgmask);
+	printf("csaddr\t%d\tcssize\t%d\tshift\t%d\tmask\t0x%08x\n",
+	    afs.fs_csaddr, afs.fs_cssize, afs.fs_csshift, afs.fs_csmask);
+	printf("cgrotor\t%d\tfmod\t%d\tronly\t%d\n",
+	    afs.fs_cgrotor, afs.fs_fmod, afs.fs_ronly);
+	if (afs.fs_cpc != 0)
+		printf("blocks available in each of %d rotational positions",
+		     afs.fs_nrpos);
+	else
+		printf("insufficient space to maintain rotational tables\n");
+	for (c = 0; c < afs.fs_cpc; c++) {
+		printf("\ncylinder number %d:", c);
+		for (i = 0; i < afs.fs_nrpos; i++) {
+			if (fs_postbl(&afs, c)[i] == -1)
+				continue;
+			printf("\n   position %d:\t", i);
+			for (j = fs_postbl(&afs, c)[i], k = 1; ;
+			     j += fs_rotbl(&afs)[j], k++) {
+				printf("%5d", j);
+				if (k % 12 == 0)
+					printf("\n\t\t");
+				if (fs_rotbl(&afs)[j] == 0)
+					break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	printf("\ncs[].cs_(nbfree,ndir,nifree,nffree):\n\t");
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < afs.fs_cssize; i += afs.fs_bsize, j++) {
+		size = afs.fs_cssize - i < afs.fs_bsize ?
+		    afs.fs_cssize - i : afs.fs_bsize;
+		afs.fs_csp[j] = calloc(1, size);
+		if (lseek(fd,
+		    (off_t)(fsbtodb(&afs, (afs.fs_csaddr + j * afs.fs_frag)) *
+		    dev_bsize), SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1)
+			goto err;
+		if (read(fd, afs.fs_csp[j], size) != size)
+			goto err;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < afs.fs_ncg; i++) {
+		struct csum *cs = &afs.fs_cs(&afs, i);
+		if (i && i % 4 == 0)
+			printf("\n\t");
+		printf("(%d,%d,%d,%d) ",
+		    cs->cs_nbfree, cs->cs_ndir, cs->cs_nifree, cs->cs_nffree);
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+	if (afs.fs_ncyl % afs.fs_cpg) {
+		printf("cylinders in last group %d\n",
+		    i = afs.fs_ncyl % afs.fs_cpg);
+		printf("blocks in last group %d\n",
+		    i * afs.fs_spc / NSPB(&afs));
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < afs.fs_ncg; i++)
+		if (dumpcg(name, fd, i))
+			goto err;
+	(void)close(fd);
+	return (0);
+
+err:	if (fd != -1)
+		(void)close(fd);
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "dumpfs: %s: %s\n", name, strerror(errno));
+	return (1);
+};
+
+int
+dumpcg(name, fd, c)
+	char *name;
+	int fd, c;
+{
+	off_t cur;
+	int i, j;
+
+	printf("\ncg %d:\n", c);
+	if ((cur = lseek(fd, (off_t)(fsbtodb(&afs, cgtod(&afs, c)) * dev_bsize),
+	    SEEK_SET)) == (off_t)-1)
+		return (1);
+	if (read(fd, &acg, afs.fs_bsize) != afs.fs_bsize) {
+		(void)fprintf(stderr, "dumpfs: %s: error reading cg\n", name);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	printf("magic\t%x\ttell\t%qx\ttime\t%s",
+	    afs.fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT ?
+	    ((struct ocg *)&acg)->cg_magic : acg.cg_magic,
+	    cur, ctime(&acg.cg_time));
+	printf("cgx\t%d\tncyl\t%d\tniblk\t%d\tndblk\t%d\n",
+	    acg.cg_cgx, acg.cg_ncyl, acg.cg_niblk, acg.cg_ndblk);
+	printf("nbfree\t%d\tndir\t%d\tnifree\t%d\tnffree\t%d\n",
+	    acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree, acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir,
+	    acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree, acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree);
+	printf("rotor\t%d\tirotor\t%d\tfrotor\t%d\nfrsum",
+	    acg.cg_rotor, acg.cg_irotor, acg.cg_frotor);
+	for (i = 1, j = 0; i < afs.fs_frag; i++) {
+		printf("\t%d", acg.cg_frsum[i]);
+		j += i * acg.cg_frsum[i];
+	}
+	printf("\nsum of frsum: %d", j);
+	if (afs.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
+		for (i = 1; i < afs.fs_contigsumsize; i++) {
+			if ((i - 1) % 8 == 0)
+				printf("\nclusters %d-%d:", i,
+				    afs.fs_contigsumsize - 1 < i + 7 ?
+				    afs.fs_contigsumsize - 1 : i + 7);
+			printf("\t%d", cg_clustersum(&acg)[i]);
+		}
+		printf("\nclusters size %d and over: %d\n",
+		    afs.fs_contigsumsize,
+		    cg_clustersum(&acg)[afs.fs_contigsumsize]);
+		printf("clusters free:\t");
+		pbits(cg_clustersfree(&acg), acg.cg_nclusterblks);
+	} else
+		printf("\n");
+	printf("iused:\t");
+	pbits(cg_inosused(&acg), afs.fs_ipg);
+	printf("free:\t");
+	pbits(cg_blksfree(&acg), afs.fs_fpg);
+	printf("b:\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < afs.fs_cpg; i++) {
+		if (cg_blktot(&acg)[i] == 0)
+			continue;
+		printf("   c%d:\t(%d)\t", i, cg_blktot(&acg)[i]);
+		for (j = 0; j < afs.fs_nrpos; j++) {
+			if (afs.fs_cpc > 0 &&
+			    fs_postbl(&afs, i % afs.fs_cpc)[j] == -1)
+				continue;
+			printf(" %d", cg_blks(&afs, &acg, i)[j]);
+		}
+		printf("\n");
+	}
+	return (0);
+};
+
+void
+pbits(vp, max)
+	register void *vp;
+	int max;
+{
+	register int i;
+	register char *p;
+	int count, j;
+
+	for (count = i = 0, p = vp; i < max; i++)
+		if (isset(p, i)) {
+			if (count)
+				printf(",%s", count % 6 ? " " : "\n\t");
+			count++;
+			printf("%d", i);
+			j = i;
+			while ((i+1)<max && isset(p, i+1))
+				i++;
+			if (i != j)
+				printf("-%d", i);
+		}
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+void
+usage()
+{
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: dumpfs filesys | device\n");
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/dumplfs/Makefile b/sbin/dumplfs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..25574924d0a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dumplfs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/18/93
+
+PROG=	dumplfs
+CFLAGS+=-I/sys/ufs/lfs
+SRCS=	dumplfs.c lfs_cksum.c misc.c
+.PATH:	/sys/ufs/lfs
+MAN8=	dumplfs.0
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/dumplfs/dumplfs.8 b/sbin/dumplfs/dumplfs.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..de0c68055ac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dumplfs/dumplfs.8
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)dumplfs.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/18/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 18, 1993
+.Dt DUMPLFS 8
+.Os BSD 4.4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm dumplfs
+.Nd dump file system information
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm dumplfs
+.Op Ar filesys No \&| Ar device
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm Dumplfs
+prints out the file system layout information for the
+LFS file system or special device specified.
+The listing is very long and detailed.
+This command is useful mostly for finding out certain file system
+information such as the file system block size.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr fs 5 ,
+.Xr disktab 5 ,
+.Xr disklabel 8 ,
+.Xr newlfs 8 ,
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm dumplfs
+command appeared in
+.Bx 4.4 .
diff --git a/sbin/dumplfs/dumplfs.c b/sbin/dumplfs/dumplfs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..943c6cd97701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dumplfs/dumplfs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dumplfs.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/ucred.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/lfs/lfs.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <fstab.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "extern.h"
+
+static void	addseg __P((char *));
+static void	dump_cleaner_info __P((struct lfs *, void *));
+static void	dump_dinode __P((struct dinode *));
+static void	dump_ifile __P((int, struct lfs *, int));
+static int	dump_ipage_ifile __P((int, IFILE *, int));
+static int	dump_ipage_segusage __P((struct lfs *, int, IFILE *, int));
+static void	dump_segment __P((int, int, daddr_t, struct lfs *, int));
+static int	dump_sum __P((int, struct lfs *, SEGSUM *, int, daddr_t));
+static void	dump_super __P((struct lfs *));
+static void	usage __P((void));
+
+typedef struct seglist SEGLIST;
+struct seglist {
+        SEGLIST *next;
+	int num;
+};
+SEGLIST	*seglist;
+
+int daddr_shift;
+char *special;
+
+/* Segment Usage formats */
+#define print_suheader \
+	(void)printf("segnum\tflags\tnbytes\tninos\tnsums\tlastmod\n")
+
+#define print_suentry(i, sp) \
+	(void)printf("%d\t%c%c%c\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%s", i, \
+	    (((sp)->su_flags & SEGUSE_ACTIVE) ? 'A' : ' '), \
+	    (((sp)->su_flags & SEGUSE_DIRTY) ? 'D' : 'C'), \
+	    (((sp)->su_flags & SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK) ? 'S' : ' '), \
+	    (sp)->su_nbytes, (sp)->su_ninos, (sp)->su_nsums, \
+	    ctime((time_t *)&(sp)->su_lastmod))
+
+/* Ifile formats */
+#define print_iheader \
+	(void)printf("inum\tstatus\tversion\tdaddr\t\tfreeptr\n")
+#define print_ientry(i, ip) \
+	if (ip->if_daddr == LFS_UNUSED_DADDR) \
+		(void)printf("%d\tFREE\t%d\t \t\t%d\n", \
+		    i, ip->if_version, ip->if_nextfree); \
+	else \
+		(void)printf("%d\tINUSE\t%d\t%8X    \n", \
+		    i, ip->if_version, ip->if_daddr)
+int
+main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char *argv[];
+{
+	struct lfs lfs_sb1, lfs_sb2, *lfs_master;
+	daddr_t seg_addr;
+	int ch, do_allsb, do_ientries, fd, segnum;
+
+	do_allsb = 0;
+	do_ientries = 0;
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "ais:")) != EOF)
+		switch(ch) {
+		case 'a':		/* Dump all superblocks */
+			do_allsb = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'i':		/* Dump ifile entries */
+			do_ientries = 1;
+			break;
+		case 's':		/* Dump out these segments */
+			addseg(optarg);
+			break;
+		default:
+			usage();
+		}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+
+	if (argc != 1)
+		usage();
+
+	special = argv[0];
+	if ((fd = open(special, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
+		err("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
+
+	/* Read the first superblock */
+	get(fd, LFS_LABELPAD, &lfs_sb1, sizeof(struct lfs));
+	daddr_shift = lfs_sb1.lfs_bshift - lfs_sb1.lfs_fsbtodb;
+
+	/*
+	 * Read the second superblock and figure out which check point is
+	 * most up to date.
+	 */
+	get(fd,
+	    lfs_sb1.lfs_sboffs[1] << daddr_shift, &lfs_sb2, sizeof(struct lfs));
+
+	lfs_master = &lfs_sb1;
+	if (lfs_sb1.lfs_tstamp < lfs_sb2.lfs_tstamp)
+		lfs_master = &lfs_sb2;
+
+	(void)printf("Master Superblock:\n");
+	dump_super(lfs_master);
+
+	dump_ifile(fd, lfs_master, do_ientries);
+
+	if (seglist != NULL)
+		for (; seglist != NULL; seglist = seglist->next) {
+			seg_addr = lfs_master->lfs_sboffs[0] + seglist->num *
+			    (lfs_master->lfs_ssize << lfs_master->lfs_fsbtodb);
+			dump_segment(fd,
+			    seglist->num, seg_addr, lfs_master, do_allsb);
+		}
+	else
+		for (segnum = 0, seg_addr = lfs_master->lfs_sboffs[0];
+		    segnum < lfs_master->lfs_nseg; segnum++, seg_addr +=
+		    lfs_master->lfs_ssize << lfs_master->lfs_fsbtodb)
+			dump_segment(fd,
+			    segnum, seg_addr, lfs_master, do_allsb);
+
+	(void)close(fd);
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * We are reading all the blocks of an inode and dumping out the ifile table.
+ * This code could be tighter, but this is a first pass at getting the stuff
+ * printed out rather than making this code incredibly efficient.
+ */
+static void
+dump_ifile(fd, lfsp, do_ientries)
+	int fd;
+	struct lfs *lfsp;
+	int do_ientries;
+{
+	IFILE *ipage;
+	struct dinode *dip, *dpage;
+	daddr_t addr, *addrp, *dindir, *iaddrp, *indir;
+	int block_limit, i, inum, j, nblocks, nsupb, psize;
+
+	psize = lfsp->lfs_bsize;
+	addr = lfsp->lfs_idaddr;
+
+	if (!(dpage = malloc(psize)))
+		err("%s", strerror(errno));
+	get(fd, addr << daddr_shift, dpage, psize);
+
+	for (dip = dpage + INOPB(lfsp) - 1; dip >= dpage; --dip)
+		if (dip->di_inumber == LFS_IFILE_INUM)
+			break;
+
+	if (dip < dpage)
+		err("unable to locate ifile inode");
+
+	(void)printf("\nIFILE inode\n");
+	dump_dinode(dip);
+
+	(void)printf("\nIFILE contents\n");
+	nblocks = dip->di_size >> lfsp->lfs_bshift;
+	block_limit = MIN(nblocks, NDADDR);
+
+	/* Get the direct block */
+	if ((ipage = malloc(psize)) == NULL)
+		err("%s", strerror(errno));
+	for (inum = 0, addrp = dip->di_db, i = 0; i < block_limit;
+	    i++, addrp++) {
+		get(fd, *addrp << daddr_shift, ipage, psize);
+		if (i < lfsp->lfs_cleansz) {
+			dump_cleaner_info(lfsp, ipage);
+			print_suheader;
+			continue;
+		} 
+
+		if (i < (lfsp->lfs_segtabsz + lfsp->lfs_cleansz)) {
+			inum = dump_ipage_segusage(lfsp, inum, ipage, 
+			    lfsp->lfs_sepb);
+			if (!inum)
+				if(!do_ientries)
+					goto e0;
+				else
+					print_iheader;
+		} else
+			inum = dump_ipage_ifile(inum, ipage, lfsp->lfs_ifpb);
+
+	}
+
+	if (nblocks <= NDADDR)
+		goto e0;
+
+	/* Dump out blocks off of single indirect block */
+	if (!(indir = malloc(psize)))
+		err("%s", strerror(errno));
+	get(fd, dip->di_ib[0] << daddr_shift, indir, psize);
+	block_limit = MIN(i + lfsp->lfs_nindir, nblocks);
+	for (addrp = indir; i < block_limit; i++, addrp++) {
+		if (*addrp == LFS_UNUSED_DADDR)
+			break;
+		get(fd, *addrp << daddr_shift,ipage, psize);
+		if (i < lfsp->lfs_cleansz) {
+			dump_cleaner_info(lfsp, ipage);
+			continue;
+		} else 
+			i -= lfsp->lfs_cleansz;
+
+		if (i < lfsp->lfs_segtabsz) {
+			inum = dump_ipage_segusage(lfsp, inum, ipage, 
+			    lfsp->lfs_sepb);
+			if (!inum)
+				if(!do_ientries)
+					goto e1;
+				else
+					print_iheader;
+		} else
+			inum = dump_ipage_ifile(inum, ipage, lfsp->lfs_ifpb);
+	}
+
+	if (nblocks <= lfsp->lfs_nindir * lfsp->lfs_ifpb)
+		goto e1;
+
+	/* Get the double indirect block */
+	if (!(dindir = malloc(psize)))
+		err("%s", strerror(errno));
+	get(fd, dip->di_ib[1] << daddr_shift, dindir, psize);
+	for (iaddrp = dindir, j = 0; j < lfsp->lfs_nindir; j++, iaddrp++) {
+		if (*iaddrp == LFS_UNUSED_DADDR)
+			break;
+		get(fd, *iaddrp << daddr_shift, indir, psize);
+		block_limit = MIN(i + lfsp->lfs_nindir, nblocks);
+		for (addrp = indir; i < block_limit; i++, addrp++) {
+			if (*addrp == LFS_UNUSED_DADDR)
+				break;
+			get(fd, *addrp << daddr_shift, ipage, psize);
+			if (i < lfsp->lfs_cleansz) {
+				dump_cleaner_info(lfsp, ipage);
+				continue;
+			} else 
+				i -= lfsp->lfs_cleansz;
+
+			if (i < lfsp->lfs_segtabsz) {
+				inum = dump_ipage_segusage(lfsp,
+				    inum, ipage, lfsp->lfs_sepb);
+				if (!inum)
+					if(!do_ientries)
+						goto e2;
+					else
+						print_iheader;
+			} else
+				inum = dump_ipage_ifile(inum,
+				    ipage, lfsp->lfs_ifpb);
+		}
+	}
+e2:	free(dindir);
+e1:	free(indir);
+e0:	free(dpage);
+	free(ipage);
+}
+
+static int
+dump_ipage_ifile(i, pp, tot)
+	int i;
+	IFILE *pp;
+	int tot;
+{
+	IFILE *ip;
+	int cnt, max;
+
+	max = i + tot;
+
+	for (ip = pp, cnt = i; cnt < max; cnt++, ip++)
+		print_ientry(cnt, ip);
+	return (max);
+}
+
+static int
+dump_ipage_segusage(lfsp, i, pp, tot)
+	struct lfs *lfsp;
+	int i;
+	IFILE *pp;
+	int tot;
+{
+	SEGUSE *sp;
+	int cnt, max;
+
+	max = i + tot;
+	for (sp = (SEGUSE *)pp, cnt = i;
+	     cnt < lfsp->lfs_nseg && cnt < max; cnt++, sp++)
+		print_suentry(cnt, sp);
+	if (max >= lfsp->lfs_nseg)
+		return (0);
+	else
+		return (max);
+}
+
+static void
+dump_dinode(dip)
+	struct dinode *dip;
+{
+	int i;
+
+	(void)printf("%s%d\t%s%d\t%s%d\t%s%d\t%s%d\n",
+		"mode  ", dip->di_mode,
+		"nlink ", dip->di_nlink,
+		"uid   ", dip->di_uid,
+		"gid   ", dip->di_gid,
+		"size  ", dip->di_size);
+	(void)printf("%s%s%s%s%s%s",
+		"atime ", ctime(&dip->di_atime.ts_sec),
+		"mtime ", ctime(&dip->di_mtime.ts_sec),
+		"ctime ", ctime(&dip->di_ctime.ts_sec));
+	(void)printf("inum  %d\n", dip->di_inumber);
+	(void)printf("Direct Addresses\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < NDADDR; i++) {
+		(void)printf("\t0x%X", dip->di_db[i]);
+		if ((i % 6) == 5)
+			(void)printf("\n");
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++)
+		(void)printf("\t0x%X", dip->di_ib[i]);
+	(void)printf("\n");
+}
+
+static int
+dump_sum(fd, lfsp, sp, segnum, addr)
+	struct lfs *lfsp;
+	SEGSUM *sp;
+	int fd, segnum;
+	daddr_t addr;
+{
+	FINFO *fp;
+	long *dp;
+	int i, j;
+	int ck;
+	int numblocks;
+	struct dinode *inop;
+
+	if (sp->ss_sumsum != (ck = cksum(&sp->ss_datasum, 
+	    LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE - sizeof(sp->ss_sumsum)))) {
+		(void)printf("dumplfs: %s %d address 0x%lx\n",
+		    "corrupt summary block; segment", segnum, addr);
+		return(0);
+	}
+
+	(void)printf("Segment Summary Info at 0x%lx\n", addr);
+	(void)printf("    %s0x%X\t%s%d\t%s%d\n    %s0x%X\t%s0x%X",
+		"next     ", sp->ss_next,
+		"nfinfo   ", sp->ss_nfinfo,
+		"ninos    ", sp->ss_ninos,
+		"sumsum   ", sp->ss_sumsum,
+		"datasum  ", sp->ss_datasum );
+	(void)printf("\tcreate   %s", ctime((time_t *)&sp->ss_create));
+
+	numblocks = (sp->ss_ninos + INOPB(lfsp) - 1) / INOPB(lfsp);
+
+	/* Dump out inode disk addresses */
+	dp = (daddr_t *)sp;
+	dp += LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE / sizeof(daddr_t);
+	inop = malloc(1 << lfsp->lfs_bshift);
+	printf("    Inode addresses:");
+	for (dp--, i = 0; i < sp->ss_ninos; dp--) {
+		printf("\t0x%X {", *dp);
+		get(fd, *dp << (lfsp->lfs_bshift - lfsp->lfs_fsbtodb), inop, 
+		    (1 << lfsp->lfs_bshift));
+		for (j = 0; i < sp->ss_ninos && j < INOPB(lfsp); j++, i++) {
+			if (j > 0) 
+				(void)printf(", ");
+			(void)printf("%d", inop[j].di_inumber);
+		}
+		(void)printf("}");
+		if (((i/INOPB(lfsp)) % 4) == 3)
+			(void)printf("\n");
+	}
+	free(inop);
+
+	printf("\n");
+	for (fp = (FINFO *)(sp + 1), i = 0; i < sp->ss_nfinfo; i++) {
+		numblocks += fp->fi_nblocks;
+		(void)printf("    FINFO for inode: %d version %d nblocks %d\n",
+		    fp->fi_ino, fp->fi_version, fp->fi_nblocks);
+		dp = &(fp->fi_blocks[0]);
+		for (j = 0; j < fp->fi_nblocks; j++, dp++) {
+			(void)printf("\t%d", *dp);
+			if ((j % 8) == 7)
+				(void)printf("\n");
+		}
+		if ((j % 8) != 0)
+			(void)printf("\n");
+		fp = (FINFO *)dp;
+	}
+	return (numblocks);
+}
+
+static void
+dump_segment(fd, segnum, addr, lfsp, dump_sb)
+	int fd, segnum;
+	daddr_t addr;
+	struct lfs *lfsp;
+	int dump_sb;
+{
+	struct lfs lfs_sb, *sbp;
+	SEGSUM *sump;
+	char sumblock[LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE];
+	int did_one, nblocks, sb;
+	off_t sum_offset, super_off;
+
+	(void)printf("\nSEGMENT %d (Disk Address 0x%X)\n",
+	    addr >> (lfsp->lfs_segshift - daddr_shift), addr);
+	sum_offset = (addr << (lfsp->lfs_bshift - lfsp->lfs_fsbtodb));
+
+	sb = 0;
+	did_one = 0;
+	do {
+		get(fd, sum_offset, sumblock, LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE);
+		sump = (SEGSUM *)sumblock;
+		if (sump->ss_sumsum != cksum (&sump->ss_datasum, 
+			LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE - sizeof(sump->ss_sumsum))) {
+			sbp = (struct lfs *)sump;
+			if (sb = (sbp->lfs_magic == LFS_MAGIC)) {
+				super_off = sum_offset;
+				sum_offset += LFS_SBPAD;
+			} else if (did_one)
+				break;
+			else {
+				printf("Segment at 0x%X corrupt\n", addr);
+				break;
+			}
+		} else {
+			nblocks = dump_sum(fd, lfsp, sump, segnum, sum_offset >>
+			     (lfsp->lfs_bshift - lfsp->lfs_fsbtodb));
+			if (nblocks)
+				sum_offset += LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE + 
+					(nblocks << lfsp->lfs_bshift);
+			else
+				sum_offset = 0;
+			did_one = 1;
+		}
+	} while (sum_offset);
+
+	if (dump_sb && sb)  {
+		get(fd, super_off, &lfs_sb, sizeof(struct lfs));
+		dump_super(&lfs_sb);
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+static void
+dump_super(lfsp)
+	struct lfs *lfsp;
+{
+	int i;
+
+	(void)printf("%s0x%X\t%s0x%X\t%s%d\t%s%d\n",
+		"magic    ", lfsp->lfs_magic,
+		"version  ", lfsp->lfs_version,
+		"size     ", lfsp->lfs_size,
+		"ssize    ", lfsp->lfs_ssize);
+	(void)printf("%s%d\t\t%s%d\t%s%d\t%s%d\n",
+		"dsize    ", lfsp->lfs_dsize,
+		"bsize    ", lfsp->lfs_bsize,
+		"fsize    ", lfsp->lfs_fsize,
+		"frag     ", lfsp->lfs_frag);
+
+	(void)printf("%s%d\t\t%s%d\t%s%d\t%s%d\n",
+		"minfree  ", lfsp->lfs_minfree,
+		"inopb    ", lfsp->lfs_inopb,
+		"ifpb     ", lfsp->lfs_ifpb,
+		"nindir   ", lfsp->lfs_nindir);
+
+	(void)printf("%s%d\t\t%s%d\t%s%d\t%s%d\n",
+		"nseg     ", lfsp->lfs_nseg,
+		"nspf     ", lfsp->lfs_nspf,
+		"cleansz  ", lfsp->lfs_cleansz,
+		"segtabsz ", lfsp->lfs_segtabsz);
+
+	(void)printf("%s0x%X\t%s%d\t%s0x%X\t%s%d\n",
+		"segmask  ", lfsp->lfs_segmask,
+		"segshift ", lfsp->lfs_segshift,
+		"bmask    ", lfsp->lfs_bmask,
+		"bshift   ", lfsp->lfs_bshift);
+
+	(void)printf("%s0x%X\t\t%s%d\t%s0x%X\t%s%d\n",
+		"ffmask   ", lfsp->lfs_ffmask,
+		"ffshift  ", lfsp->lfs_ffshift,
+		"fbmask   ", lfsp->lfs_fbmask,
+		"fbshift  ", lfsp->lfs_fbshift);
+
+	(void)printf("%s%d\t%s%d\t%s0x%X\t%s0x%qx\n",
+		"sushift  ", lfsp->lfs_sushift,
+		"fsbtodb  ", lfsp->lfs_fsbtodb,
+		"cksum    ", lfsp->lfs_cksum,
+		"maxfilesize  ", lfsp->lfs_maxfilesize);
+
+	(void)printf("Superblock disk addresses:\t");
+	for (i = 0; i < LFS_MAXNUMSB; i++) {
+		(void)printf(" 0x%X", lfsp->lfs_sboffs[i]);
+		if ( i == (LFS_MAXNUMSB >> 1))
+			(void)printf("\n\t\t\t\t");
+	}
+	(void)printf("\n");
+
+	(void)printf("Checkpoint Info\n");
+	(void)printf("%s%d\t%s0x%X\t%s%d\n",
+		"free     ", lfsp->lfs_free,
+		"idaddr   ", lfsp->lfs_idaddr,
+		"ifile    ", lfsp->lfs_ifile);
+	(void)printf("%s%d\t%s%d\t%s%d\n",
+		"bfree    ", lfsp->lfs_bfree,
+		"avail    ", lfsp->lfs_avail,
+		"uinodes  ", lfsp->lfs_uinodes);
+	(void)printf("%s%d\t%s0x%X\t%s0x%X\n%s0x%X\t%s0x%X\t",
+		"nfiles   ", lfsp->lfs_nfiles,
+		"lastseg  ", lfsp->lfs_lastseg,
+		"nextseg  ", lfsp->lfs_nextseg,
+		"curseg   ", lfsp->lfs_curseg,
+		"offset   ", lfsp->lfs_offset);
+	(void)printf("tstamp   %s", ctime((time_t *)&lfsp->lfs_tstamp));
+	(void)printf("\nIn-Memory Information\n");
+	(void)printf("%s%d\t%s0x%X\t%s%d%s%d\t%s%d\n",
+		"seglock  ", lfsp->lfs_seglock,
+		"iocount  ", lfsp->lfs_iocount,
+		"writer   ", lfsp->lfs_writer,
+		"dirops   ", lfsp->lfs_dirops,
+		"doifile  ", lfsp->lfs_doifile);
+	(void)printf("%s%d\t%s%d\t%s0x%X\t%s%d\n",
+		"nactive  ", lfsp->lfs_nactive,
+		"fmod     ", lfsp->lfs_fmod,
+		"clean    ", lfsp->lfs_clean,
+		"ronly    ", lfsp->lfs_ronly);
+}
+
+static void
+addseg(arg)
+	char *arg;
+{
+	SEGLIST *p;
+
+	if ((p = malloc(sizeof(SEGLIST))) == NULL)
+		err("%s", strerror(errno));
+	p->next = seglist;
+	p->num = atoi(arg);
+	seglist = p;
+}
+
+static void
+dump_cleaner_info(lfsp, ipage)
+	struct lfs *lfsp;
+	void *ipage;
+{
+	CLEANERINFO *cip;
+
+	cip = (CLEANERINFO *)ipage;
+	(void)printf("segments clean\t%d\tsegments dirty\t%d\n\n",
+	    cip->clean, cip->dirty);
+}
+
+static void
+usage()
+{
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: dumplfs [-ai] [-s segnum] file\n");
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/dumplfs/extern.h b/sbin/dumplfs/extern.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..82e87b24e0a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dumplfs/extern.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ *	@(#)extern.h	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+ */
+
+void	err __P((const char *, ...));
+void	get __P((int, off_t, void *, size_t));
+
+extern char *special;
diff --git a/sbin/dumplfs/misc.c b/sbin/dumplfs/misc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..861d0fd7f260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/dumplfs/misc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)misc.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "extern.h"
+
+void
+get(fd, off, p, len)
+	int fd;
+	off_t off;
+	void *p;
+	size_t len;
+{
+	int rbytes;
+
+	if (lseek(fd, off, SEEK_SET) < 0)
+		err("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
+	if ((rbytes = read(fd, p, len)) < 0)
+		err("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
+	if (rbytes != len)
+		err("%s: short read (%d, not %d)", special, rbytes, len);
+}
+
+#if __STDC__
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#else
+#include <varargs.h>
+#endif
+
+void
+#if __STDC__
+err(const char *fmt, ...)
+#else
+err(fmt, va_alist)
+	char *fmt;
+	va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+	va_list ap;
+#if __STDC__
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+#else
+	va_start(ap);
+#endif
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "dumplfs: ");
+	(void)vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	exit(1);
+	/* NOTREACHED */
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fastboot/Makefile b/sbin/fastboot/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9504f792b9e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fastboot/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+
+MAN8=	fastboot.0
+MLINKS=	fastboot.8 fasthalt.8
+
+beforeinstall:
+	install -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${BINMODE} \
+	    ${.CURDIR}/fastboot.sh ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/fastboot
+	install -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${BINMODE} \
+	    ${.CURDIR}/fasthalt.sh ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/fasthalt
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/fastboot/fastboot.8 b/sbin/fastboot/fastboot.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2f6ac829da99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fastboot/fastboot.8
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)fastboot.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 5, 1993
+.Dt FASTBOOT 8
+.Os BSD 4.2
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm fastboot ,
+.Nm fasthalt
+.Nd "reboot/halt the system without checking the disks"
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm fastboot
+.Op Ar boot-options
+.Nm fasthalt
+.Op Ar halt-options
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm Fastboot
+and
+.Nm fasthalt
+are shell scripts which reboot and halt the system without
+checking the file systems.  This is done by creating a
+file 
+.Pa /fastboot ,
+then invoking the 
+.Xr reboot
+program.  The system startup script,
+.Pa /etc/rc ,
+looks for this file and, if present, skips the normal
+invocation of
+.Xr fsck 8 .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr halt 8 ,
+.Xr reboot 8 ,
+.Xr rc 8
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+command appeared in
+.Bx 4.2 .
diff --git a/sbin/fastboot/fastboot.sh b/sbin/fastboot/fastboot.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..852ec4a1b089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fastboot/fastboot.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh -
+#
+# Copyright (c) 1985, 1993
+#	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+#    must display the following acknowledgement:
+#	This product includes software developed by the University of
+#	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+# 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+#    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+#    without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+# SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+#	@(#)fastboot.sh	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+#
+
+cp /dev/null /fastboot
+/sbin/reboot $*
diff --git a/sbin/fastboot/fasthalt.sh b/sbin/fastboot/fasthalt.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c8e381f3e51e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fastboot/fasthalt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh -
+#
+# Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
+#	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+#    must display the following acknowledgement:
+#	This product includes software developed by the University of
+#	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+# 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+#    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+#    without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+# SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+#	@(#)fasthalt.sh	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+#
+
+cp /dev/null /fastboot
+/sbin/halt $*
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/Makefile b/sbin/fsck/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..224f6b2200e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+
+PROG=	fsck
+MAN8=	fsck.0
+SRCS=	dir.c inode.c main.c pass1.c pass1b.c pass2.c pass3.c pass4.c \
+	pass5.c preen.c setup.c utilities.c ffs_subr.c ffs_tables.c
+.PATH:	${.CURDIR}/../../sys/ufs/ffs
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/0.t b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/0.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9de391eec1ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/0.t
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1993
+.\"  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)0.t	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+.\"
+.if n .ND
+.TL
+Fsck \- The UNIX\(dg File System Check Program
+.EH 'SMM:3-%''The \s-2UNIX\s+2 File System Check Program'
+.OH 'The \s-2UNIX\s+2 File System Check Program''SMM:3-%'
+.AU
+Marshall Kirk McKusick
+.AI
+Computer Systems Research Group
+Computer Science Division
+Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
+University of California, Berkeley
+Berkeley, CA  94720
+.AU
+T. J. Kowalski
+.AI
+Bell Laboratories
+Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
+.AB
+.FS
+\(dgUNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories.
+.FE
+.FS
+This work was done under grants from
+the National Science Foundation under grant MCS80-05144,
+and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DoD) under
+Arpa Order No. 4031 monitored by Naval Electronic System Command under
+Contract No. N00039-82-C-0235.
+.FE
+This document reflects the use of
+.I fsck
+with the 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD file system organization.  This
+is a revision of the
+original paper written by
+T. J. Kowalski.
+.PP
+File System Check Program (\fIfsck\fR)
+is an interactive file system check and repair program.
+.I Fsck
+uses the redundant structural information in the
+UNIX file system to perform several consistency checks.
+If an inconsistency is detected, it is reported
+to the operator, who may elect to fix or ignore
+each inconsistency.
+These inconsistencies result from the permanent interruption
+of the file system updates, which are performed every
+time a file is modified.
+Unless there has been a hardware failure,
+.I fsck
+is able to repair corrupted file systems
+using procedures based upon the order in which UNIX honors
+these file system update requests.
+.PP
+The purpose of this document is to describe the normal updating
+of the file system,
+to discuss the possible causes of file system corruption,
+and to present the corrective actions implemented
+by
+.I fsck.
+Both the program and the interaction between the
+program and the operator are described.
+.sp 2
+.LP
+Revised July 16, 1985
+.AE
+.LP
+.bp
+.ce
+.B "TABLE OF CONTENTS"
+.LP
+.sp 1
+.nf
+.B "1.  Introduction"
+.LP
+.sp .5v
+.nf
+.B "2.  Overview of the file system
+2.1.    Superblock
+2.2.    Summary Information
+2.3.    Cylinder groups
+2.4.    Fragments
+2.5.    Updates to the file system
+.LP
+.sp .5v
+.nf
+.B "3.  Fixing corrupted file systems
+3.1.    Detecting and correcting corruption
+3.2.    Super block checking
+3.3.    Free block checking
+3.4.    Checking the inode state
+3.5.    Inode links
+3.6.    Inode data size
+3.7.    Checking the data associated with an inode
+3.8.    File system connectivity
+.LP
+.sp .5v
+.nf
+.B Acknowledgements
+.LP
+.sp .5v
+.nf
+.B References
+.LP
+.sp .5v
+.nf
+.B "4.  Appendix A
+4.1.     Conventions
+4.2.     Initialization
+4.3.     Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
+4.4.     Phase 1b - Rescan for more Dups
+4.5.     Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
+4.6.     Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
+4.7.     Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
+4.8.     Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
+4.9.     Cleanup
+.ds RH Introduction
+.bp
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/1.t b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/1.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4d2f5357131b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/1.t
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1982, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)1.t	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+.\"
+.ds RH Introduction
+.NH
+Introduction
+.PP
+This document reflects the use of
+.I fsck
+with the 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD file system organization.  This
+is a revision of the
+original paper written by
+T. J. Kowalski.
+.PP
+When a UNIX
+operating system is brought up, a consistency
+check of the file systems should always be performed.
+This precautionary measure helps to insure
+a reliable environment for file storage on disk.
+If an inconsistency is discovered,
+corrective action must be taken.
+.I Fsck
+runs in two modes.
+Normally it is run non-interactively by the system after 
+a normal boot.
+When running in this mode,
+it will only make changes to the file system that are known
+to always be correct.
+If an unexpected inconsistency is found
+.I fsck
+will exit with a non-zero exit status, 
+leaving the system running single-user.
+Typically the operator then runs 
+.I fsck
+interactively.
+When running in this mode,
+each problem is listed followed by a suggested corrective action.
+The operator must decide whether or not the suggested correction
+should be made.
+.PP
+The purpose of this memo is to dispel the
+mystique surrounding
+file system inconsistencies.
+It first describes the updating of the file system
+(the calm before the storm) and
+then describes file system corruption (the storm).
+Finally,
+the set of deterministic corrective actions
+used by
+.I fsck
+(the Coast Guard
+to the rescue) is presented.
+.ds RH Overview of the File System
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/2.t b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/2.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7d00ceaa4efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/2.t
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1982, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)2.t	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+.\"
+.ds RH Overview of the file system
+.NH
+Overview of the file system
+.PP
+The file system is discussed in detail in [Mckusick84];
+this section gives a brief overview.
+.NH 2
+Superblock
+.PP
+A file system is described by its
+.I "super-block" .
+The super-block is built when the file system is created (\c
+.I newfs (8))
+and never changes.
+The super-block
+contains the basic parameters of the file system,
+such as the number of data blocks it contains
+and a count of the maximum number of files.
+Because the super-block contains critical data,
+.I newfs
+replicates it to protect against catastrophic loss.
+The
+.I "default super block"
+always resides at a fixed offset from the beginning
+of the file system's disk partition.
+The
+.I "redundant super blocks"
+are not referenced unless a head crash
+or other hard disk error causes the default super-block
+to be unusable.
+The redundant blocks are sprinkled throughout the disk partition.
+.PP
+Within the file system are files.
+Certain files are distinguished as directories and contain collections
+of pointers to files that may themselves be directories.
+Every file has a descriptor associated with it called an
+.I "inode".
+The inode contains information describing ownership of the file,
+time stamps indicating modification and access times for the file,
+and an array of indices pointing to the data blocks for the file.
+In this section,
+we assume that the first 12 blocks
+of the file are directly referenced by values stored
+in the inode structure itself\(dg.
+.FS
+\(dgThe actual number may vary from system to system, but is usually in
+the range 5-13.
+.FE
+The inode structure may also contain references to indirect blocks
+containing further data block indices.
+In a file system with a 4096 byte block size, a singly indirect
+block contains 1024 further block addresses,
+a doubly indirect block contains 1024 addresses of further single indirect
+blocks,
+and a triply indirect block contains 1024 addresses of further doubly indirect
+blocks (the triple indirect block is never needed in practice).
+.PP
+In order to create files with up to
+2\(ua32 bytes,
+using only two levels of indirection,
+the minimum size of a file system block is 4096 bytes.
+The size of file system blocks can be any power of two
+greater than or equal to 4096.
+The block size of the file system is maintained in the super-block,
+so it is possible for file systems of different block sizes
+to be accessible simultaneously on the same system.
+The block size must be decided when
+.I newfs
+creates the file system;
+the block size cannot be subsequently
+changed without rebuilding the file system.
+.NH 2
+Summary information
+.PP
+Associated with the super block is non replicated
+.I "summary information" .
+The summary information changes
+as the file system is modified.
+The summary information contains
+the number of blocks, fragments, inodes and directories in the file system.
+.NH 2
+Cylinder groups
+.PP
+The file system partitions the disk into one or more areas called
+.I "cylinder groups".
+A cylinder group is comprised of one or more consecutive
+cylinders on a disk.
+Each cylinder group includes inode slots for files, a
+.I "block map"
+describing available blocks in the cylinder group,
+and summary information describing the usage of data blocks
+within the cylinder group.
+A fixed number of inodes is allocated for each cylinder group
+when the file system is created.
+The current policy is to allocate one inode for each 2048
+bytes of disk space;
+this is expected to be far more inodes than will ever be needed.
+.PP
+All the cylinder group bookkeeping information could be
+placed at the beginning of each cylinder group.
+However if this approach were used,
+all the redundant information would be on the top platter.
+A single hardware failure that destroyed the top platter
+could cause the loss of all copies of the redundant super-blocks.
+Thus the cylinder group bookkeeping information
+begins at a floating offset from the beginning of the cylinder group.
+The offset for
+the
+.I "i+1" st
+cylinder group is about one track further
+from the beginning of the cylinder group
+than it was for the
+.I "i" th
+cylinder group.
+In this way,
+the redundant
+information spirals down into the pack;
+any single track, cylinder,
+or platter can be lost without losing all copies of the super-blocks.
+Except for the first cylinder group,
+the space between the beginning of the cylinder group
+and the beginning of the cylinder group information stores data.
+.NH 2
+Fragments
+.PP
+To avoid waste in storing small files,
+the file system space allocator divides a single
+file system block into one or more
+.I "fragments".
+The fragmentation of the file system is specified
+when the file system is created;
+each file system block can be optionally broken into
+2, 4, or 8 addressable fragments.
+The lower bound on the size of these fragments is constrained
+by the disk sector size;
+typically 512 bytes is the lower bound on fragment size.
+The block map associated with each cylinder group
+records the space availability at the fragment level.
+Aligned fragments are examined
+to determine block availability.
+.PP
+On a file system with a block size of 4096 bytes
+and a fragment size of 1024 bytes,
+a file is represented by zero or more 4096 byte blocks of data,
+and possibly a single fragmented block.
+If a file system block must be fragmented to obtain
+space for a small amount of data,
+the remainder of the block is made available for allocation
+to other files.
+For example,
+consider an 11000 byte file stored on
+a 4096/1024 byte file system.
+This file uses two full size blocks and a 3072 byte fragment.
+If no fragments with at least 3072 bytes
+are available when the file is created,
+a full size block is split yielding the necessary 3072 byte
+fragment and an unused 1024 byte fragment.
+This remaining fragment can be allocated to another file, as needed.
+.NH 2
+Updates to the file system
+.PP
+Every working day hundreds of files
+are created, modified, and removed.
+Every time a file is modified,
+the operating system performs a
+series of file system updates.
+These updates, when written on disk, yield a consistent file system.
+The file system stages
+all modifications of critical information;
+modification can
+either be completed or cleanly backed out after a crash.
+Knowing the information that is first written to the file system,
+deterministic procedures can be developed to
+repair a corrupted file system.
+To understand this process,
+the order that the update
+requests were being honored must first be understood.
+.PP
+When a user program does an operation to change the file system,
+such as a 
+.I write ,
+the data to be written is copied into an internal
+.I "in-core"
+buffer in the kernel.
+Normally, the disk update is handled asynchronously;
+the user process is allowed to proceed even though
+the data has not yet been written to the disk.
+The data,
+along with the inode information reflecting the change,
+is eventually written out to disk.
+The real disk write may not happen until long after the
+.I write
+system call has returned.
+Thus at any given time, the file system,
+as it resides on the disk,
+lags the state of the file system represented by the in-core information.
+.PP
+The disk information is updated to reflect the in-core information
+when the buffer is required for another use,
+when a
+.I sync (2)
+is done (at 30 second intervals) by
+.I "/etc/update" "(8),"
+or by manual operator intervention with the
+.I sync (8)
+command.
+If the system is halted without writing out the in-core information,
+the file system on the disk will be in an inconsistent state.
+.PP
+If all updates are done asynchronously, several serious
+inconsistencies can arise.
+One inconsistency is that a block may be claimed by two inodes.
+Such an inconsistency can occur when the system is halted before
+the pointer to the block in the old inode has been cleared
+in the copy of the old inode on the disk,
+and after the pointer to the block in the new inode has been written out
+to the copy of the new inode on the disk.
+Here,
+there is no deterministic method for deciding
+which inode should really claim the block.
+A similar problem can arise with a multiply claimed inode.
+.PP
+The problem with asynchronous inode updates
+can be avoided by doing all inode deallocations synchronously. 
+Consequently,
+inodes and indirect blocks are written to the disk synchronously
+(\fIi.e.\fP the process blocks until the information is
+really written to disk)
+when they are being deallocated.
+Similarly inodes are kept consistent by synchronously
+deleting, adding, or changing directory entries.
+.ds RH Fixing corrupted file systems
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/3.t b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/3.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..07b5431f3e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/3.t
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1982, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)3.t	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+.\"
+.ds RH Fixing corrupted file systems
+.NH
+Fixing corrupted file systems
+.PP
+A file system
+can become corrupted in several ways.
+The most common of these ways are
+improper shutdown procedures
+and hardware failures.
+.PP
+File systems may become corrupted during an
+.I "unclean halt" .
+This happens when proper shutdown
+procedures are not observed,
+physically write-protecting a mounted file system,
+or a mounted file system is taken off-line.
+The most common operator procedural failure is forgetting to
+.I sync
+the system before halting the CPU.
+.PP
+File systems may become further corrupted if proper startup
+procedures are not observed, e.g.,
+not checking a file system for inconsistencies,
+and not repairing inconsistencies.
+Allowing a corrupted file system to be used (and, thus, to be modified
+further) can be disastrous.
+.PP
+Any piece of hardware can fail at any time.
+Failures
+can be as subtle as a bad block
+on a disk pack, or as blatant as a non-functional disk-controller.
+.NH 2
+Detecting and correcting corruption
+.PP
+Normally
+.I fsck
+is run non-interactively.
+In this mode it will only fix
+corruptions that are expected to occur from an unclean halt.
+These actions are a proper subset of the actions that 
+.I fsck
+will take when it is running interactively.
+Throughout this paper we assume that 
+.I fsck 
+is being run interactively,
+and all possible errors can be encountered.
+When an inconsistency is discovered in this mode,
+.I fsck
+reports the inconsistency for the operator to
+chose a corrective action.
+.PP
+A quiescent\(dd
+.FS
+\(dd I.e., unmounted and not being written on.
+.FE
+file system may be checked for structural integrity
+by performing consistency checks on the
+redundant data intrinsic to a file system.
+The redundant data is either read from
+the file system,
+or computed from other known values.
+The file system
+.B must
+be in a quiescent state when
+.I fsck
+is run,
+since
+.I fsck
+is a multi-pass program.
+.PP
+In the following sections,
+we discuss methods to discover inconsistencies
+and possible corrective actions
+for the cylinder group blocks, the inodes, the indirect blocks, and
+the data blocks containing directory entries.
+.NH 2
+Super-block checking
+.PP
+The most commonly corrupted item in a file system
+is the summary information
+associated with the super-block.
+The summary information is prone to corruption
+because it is modified with every change to the file
+system's blocks or inodes,
+and is usually corrupted
+after an unclean halt.
+.PP
+The super-block is checked for inconsistencies
+involving file-system size, number of inodes,
+free-block count, and the free-inode count.
+The file-system size must be larger than the
+number of blocks used by the super-block
+and the number of blocks used by the list of inodes.
+The file-system size and layout information
+are the most critical pieces of information for
+.I fsck .
+While there is no way to actually check these sizes,
+since they are statically determined by
+.I newfs ,
+.I fsck
+can check that these sizes are within reasonable bounds.
+All other file system checks require that these sizes be correct.
+If
+.I fsck 
+detects corruption in the static parameters of the default super-block,
+.I fsck
+requests the operator to specify the location of an alternate super-block.
+.NH 2
+Free block checking
+.PP
+.I Fsck
+checks that all the blocks
+marked as free in the cylinder group block maps
+are not claimed by any files.
+When all the blocks have been initially accounted for,
+.I fsck
+checks that
+the number of free blocks
+plus the number of blocks claimed by the inodes
+equals the total number of blocks in the file system.
+.PP
+If anything is wrong with the block allocation maps,
+.I fsck
+will rebuild them,
+based on the list it has computed of allocated blocks.
+.PP
+The summary information associated with the super-block
+counts the total number of free blocks within the file system.
+.I Fsck
+compares this count to the
+number of free blocks it found within the file system.
+If the two counts do not agree, then
+.I fsck
+replaces the incorrect count in the summary information
+by the actual free-block count.
+.PP
+The summary information
+counts the total number of free inodes within the file system.
+.I Fsck
+compares this count to the number
+of free inodes it found within the file system.
+If the two counts do not agree, then
+.I fsck
+replaces the incorrect count in the
+summary information by the actual free-inode count.
+.NH 2
+Checking the inode state
+.PP
+An individual inode is not as likely to be corrupted as
+the allocation information.
+However, because of the great number of active inodes,
+a few of the inodes are usually corrupted.
+.PP
+The list of inodes in the file system
+is checked sequentially starting with inode 2
+(inode 0 marks unused inodes;
+inode 1 is saved for future generations)
+and progressing through the last inode in the file system.
+The state of each inode is checked for
+inconsistencies involving format and type,
+link count,
+duplicate blocks,
+bad blocks,
+and inode size.
+.PP
+Each inode contains a mode word.
+This mode word describes the type and state of the inode.
+Inodes must be one of six types:
+regular inode, directory inode, symbolic link inode,
+special block inode, special character inode, or socket inode.
+Inodes may be found in one of three allocation states:
+unallocated, allocated, and neither unallocated nor allocated.
+This last state suggests an incorrectly formated inode.
+An inode can get in this state if
+bad data is written into the inode list.
+The only possible corrective action is for
+.I fsck
+is to clear the inode.
+.NH 2
+Inode links
+.PP
+Each inode counts the
+total number of directory entries
+linked to the inode.
+.I Fsck
+verifies the link count of each inode
+by starting at the root of the file system,
+and descending through the directory structure.
+The actual link count for each inode
+is calculated during the descent.
+.PP
+If the stored link count is non-zero and the actual
+link count is zero,
+then no directory entry appears for the inode.
+If this happens,
+.I fsck
+will place the disconnected file in the
+.I lost+found
+directory.
+If the stored and actual link counts are non-zero and unequal,
+a directory entry may have been added or removed without the inode being
+updated.
+If this happens,
+.I fsck
+replaces the incorrect stored link count by the actual link count.
+.PP
+Each inode contains a list,
+or pointers to
+lists (indirect blocks),
+of all the blocks claimed by the inode.
+Since indirect blocks are owned by an inode,
+inconsistencies in indirect blocks directly
+affect the inode that owns it.
+.PP
+.I Fsck
+compares each block number claimed by an inode
+against a list of already allocated blocks.
+If another inode already claims a block number,
+then the block number is added to a list of
+.I "duplicate blocks" .
+Otherwise, the list of allocated blocks
+is updated to include the block number.
+.PP
+If there are any duplicate blocks,
+.I fsck
+will perform a partial second
+pass over the inode list
+to find the inode of the duplicated block.
+The second pass is needed,
+since without examining the files associated with
+these inodes for correct content,
+not enough information is available
+to determine which inode is corrupted and should be cleared.
+If this condition does arise
+(only hardware failure will cause it),
+then the inode with the earliest
+modify time is usually incorrect,
+and should be cleared.
+If this happens,
+.I fsck
+prompts the operator to clear both inodes.
+The operator must decide which one should be kept
+and which one should be cleared.
+.PP
+.I Fsck
+checks the range of each block number claimed by an inode.
+If the block number is
+lower than the first data block in the file system,
+or greater than the last data block,
+then the block number is a
+.I "bad block number" .
+Many bad blocks in an inode are usually caused by
+an indirect block that was not written to the file system,
+a condition which can only occur if there has been a hardware failure.
+If an inode contains bad block numbers,
+.I fsck
+prompts the operator to clear it.
+.NH 2
+Inode data size
+.PP
+Each inode contains a count of the number of data blocks
+that it contains.
+The number of actual data blocks
+is the sum of the allocated data blocks
+and the indirect blocks.
+.I Fsck
+computes the actual number of data blocks
+and compares that block count against
+the actual number of blocks the inode claims.
+If an inode contains an incorrect count
+.I fsck
+prompts the operator to fix it.
+.PP
+Each inode contains a thirty-two bit size field.
+The size is the number of data bytes
+in the file associated with the inode.
+The consistency of the byte size field is roughly checked
+by computing from the size field the maximum number of blocks
+that should be associated with the inode,
+and comparing that expected block count against
+the actual number of blocks the inode claims.
+.NH 2
+Checking the data associated with an inode
+.PP
+An inode can directly or indirectly
+reference three kinds of data blocks.
+All referenced blocks must be the same kind.
+The three types of data blocks are:
+plain data blocks, symbolic link data blocks, and directory data blocks.
+Plain data blocks
+contain the information stored in a file;
+symbolic link data blocks
+contain the path name stored in a link.
+Directory data blocks contain directory entries.
+.I Fsck
+can only check the validity of directory data blocks.
+.PP
+Each directory data block is checked for
+several types of inconsistencies.
+These inconsistencies include
+directory inode numbers pointing to unallocated inodes,
+directory inode numbers that are greater than
+the number of inodes in the file system,
+incorrect directory inode numbers for ``\fB.\fP'' and ``\fB..\fP'',
+and directories that are not attached to the file system.
+If the inode number in a directory data block
+references an unallocated inode,
+then
+.I fsck
+will remove that directory entry.
+Again,
+this condition can only arise when there has been a hardware failure.
+.PP
+If a directory entry inode number references
+outside the inode list, then
+.I fsck
+will remove that directory entry.
+This condition occurs if bad data is written into a directory data block.
+.PP
+The directory inode number entry for ``\fB.\fP''
+must be the first entry in the directory data block.
+The inode number for ``\fB.\fP''
+must reference itself;
+e.g., it must equal the inode number
+for the directory data block.
+The directory inode number entry
+for ``\fB..\fP'' must be
+the second entry in the directory data block.
+Its value must equal the inode number for the
+parent of the directory entry
+(or the inode number of the directory
+data block if the directory is the
+root directory).
+If the directory inode numbers are
+incorrect,
+.I fsck
+will replace them with the correct values.
+If there are multiple hard links to a directory,
+the first one encountered is considered the real parent
+to which ``\fB..\fP'' should point;
+\fIfsck\fP recommends deletion for the subsequently discovered names.
+.NH 2
+File system connectivity
+.PP
+.I Fsck
+checks the general connectivity of the file system.
+If directories are not linked into the file system, then
+.I fsck
+links the directory back into the file system in the
+.I lost+found
+directory.
+This condition only occurs when there has been a hardware failure.
+.ds RH "References"
+.SH
+\s+2Acknowledgements\s0
+.PP
+I thank Bill Joy, Sam Leffler, Robert Elz and Dennis Ritchie 
+for their suggestions and help in implementing the new file system.
+Thanks also to Robert Henry for his editorial input to
+get this document together.
+Finally we thank our sponsors,
+the National Science Foundation under grant MCS80-05144,
+and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DoD) under
+Arpa Order No. 4031 monitored by Naval Electronic System Command under
+Contract No. N00039-82-C-0235. (Kirk McKusick, July 1983)
+.PP
+I would like to thank Larry A. Wehr for advice that lead
+to the first version of
+.I fsck
+and Rick B. Brandt for adapting
+.I fsck
+to
+UNIX/TS. (T. Kowalski, July 1979)
+.sp 2
+.SH
+\s+2References\s0
+.LP
+.IP [Dolotta78] 20
+Dolotta, T. A., and Olsson, S. B. eds.,
+.I "UNIX User's Manual, Edition 1.1\^" ,
+January 1978.
+.IP [Joy83] 20
+Joy, W., Cooper, E., Fabry, R., Leffler, S., McKusick, M., and Mosher, D.
+4.2BSD System Manual,
+.I "University of California at Berkeley" ,
+.I "Computer Systems Research Group Technical Report"
+#4, 1982.
+.IP [McKusick84] 20
+McKusick, M., Joy, W., Leffler, S., and Fabry, R.
+A Fast File System for UNIX,
+\fIACM Transactions on Computer Systems 2\fP, 3.
+pp. 181-197, August 1984.
+.IP [Ritchie78] 20
+Ritchie, D. M., and Thompson, K.,
+The UNIX Time-Sharing System,
+.I "The Bell System Technical Journal"
+.B 57 ,
+6 (July-August 1978, Part 2), pp. 1905-29.
+.IP [Thompson78] 20
+Thompson, K.,
+UNIX Implementation,
+.I "The Bell System Technical Journal\^"
+.B 57 ,
+6 (July-August 1978, Part 2), pp. 1931-46.
+.ds RH Appendix A \- Fsck Error Conditions
+.bp
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/4.t b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/4.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5ea8179fa904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/4.t
@@ -0,0 +1,1424 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1982, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)4.t	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+.\"
+.ds RH Appendix A \- Fsck Error Conditions
+.NH
+Appendix A \- Fsck Error Conditions
+.NH 2 
+Conventions
+.PP
+.I Fsck
+is
+a multi-pass file system check program.
+Each file system pass invokes a different Phase of the
+.I fsck
+program.
+After the initial setup,
+.I fsck
+performs successive Phases over each file system,
+checking blocks and sizes,
+path-names,
+connectivity,
+reference counts,
+and the map of free blocks,
+(possibly rebuilding it),
+and performs some cleanup.
+.LP
+Normally
+.I fsck
+is run non-interactively to
+.I preen
+the file systems after an unclean halt.
+While preen'ing a file system,
+it will only fix corruptions that are expected
+to occur from an unclean halt.
+These actions are a proper subset of the actions that 
+.I fsck
+will take when it is running interactively.
+Throughout this appendix many errors have several options
+that the operator can take.
+When an inconsistency is detected,
+.I fsck
+reports the error condition to the operator.
+If a response is required,
+.I fsck
+prints a prompt message and
+waits for a response.
+When preen'ing most errors are fatal.
+For those that are expected,
+the response taken is noted.
+This appendix explains the meaning of each error condition,
+the possible responses, and the related error conditions.
+.LP
+The error conditions are organized by the
+.I Phase
+of the
+.I fsck
+program in which they can occur.
+The error conditions that may occur
+in more than one Phase
+will be discussed in initialization.
+.NH 2 
+Initialization
+.PP
+Before a file system check can be performed, certain
+tables have to be set up and certain files opened.
+This section concerns itself with the opening of files and
+the initialization of tables.
+This section lists error conditions resulting from
+command line options,
+memory requests,
+opening of files,
+status of files,
+file system size checks,
+and creation of the scratch file.
+All the initialization errors are fatal
+when the file system is being preen'ed.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "\fIC\fP option?"
+.br
+\fIC\fP is not a legal option to
+.I fsck ;
+legal options are \-b, \-c, \-y, \-n, and \-p.
+.I Fsck
+terminates on this error condition.
+See the
+.I fsck (8)
+manual entry for further detail.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "cannot alloc NNN bytes for blockmap"
+.br
+.B "cannot alloc NNN bytes for freemap"
+.br
+.B "cannot alloc NNN bytes for statemap"
+.br
+.B "cannot alloc NNN bytes for lncntp"
+.br
+.I Fsck 's
+request for memory for its virtual
+memory tables failed.
+This should never happen.
+.I Fsck
+terminates on this error condition.
+See a guru.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "Can't open checklist file: \fIF\fP"
+.br
+The file system checklist file
+\fIF\fP (usually
+.I /etc/fstab )
+can not be opened for reading.
+.I Fsck
+terminates on this error condition.
+Check access modes of \fIF\fP.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "Can't stat root"
+.br
+.I Fsck 's
+request for statistics about the root directory ``/'' failed.
+This should never happen.
+.I Fsck
+terminates on this error condition.
+See a guru.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "Can't stat \fIF\fP"
+.br
+.B "Can't make sense out of name \fIF\fP"
+.br
+.I Fsck 's
+request for statistics about the file system \fIF\fP failed.
+When running manually,
+it ignores this file system
+and continues checking the next file system given.
+Check access modes of \fIF\fP.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "Can't open \fIF\fP"
+.br
+.I Fsck 's
+request attempt to open the file system \fIF\fP failed.
+When running manually, it ignores this file system
+and continues checking the next file system given.
+Check access modes of \fIF\fP.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "\fIF\fP: (NO WRITE)"
+.br
+Either the \-n flag was specified or
+.I fsck 's
+attempt to open the file system \fIF\fP for writing failed.
+When running manually,
+all the diagnostics are printed out,
+but no modifications are attempted to fix them.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "file is not a block or character device; OK"
+.br
+You have given
+.I fsck
+a regular file name by mistake.
+Check the type of the file specified.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the OK prompt are:
+.IP YES
+ignore this error condition.
+.IP NO
+ignore this file system and continues checking
+the next file system given.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "UNDEFINED OPTIMIZATION IN SUPERBLOCK (SET TO DEFAULT)"
+.br
+The superblock optimization parameter is neither OPT_TIME
+nor OPT_SPACE.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the SET TO DEFAULT prompt are:
+.IP YES
+The superblock is set to request optimization to minimize
+running time of the system.
+(If optimization to minimize disk space utilization is
+desired, it can be set using \fItunefs\fP(8).)
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "IMPOSSIBLE MINFREE=\fID\fP IN SUPERBLOCK (SET TO DEFAULT)"
+.br
+The superblock minimum space percentage is greater than 99%
+or less then 0%.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the SET TO DEFAULT prompt are:
+.IP YES
+The minfree parameter is set to 10%.
+(If some other percentage is desired,
+it can be set using \fItunefs\fP(8).)
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "IMPOSSIBLE INTERLEAVE=\fID\fP IN SUPERBLOCK (SET TO DEFAULT)"
+.br
+The file system interleave is less than or equal to zero.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the SET TO DEFAULT prompt are:
+.IP YES
+The interleave parameter is set to 1.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "IMPOSSIBLE NPSECT=\fID\fP IN SUPERBLOCK (SET TO DEFAULT)"
+.br
+The number of physical sectors per track is less than the number
+of usable sectors per track.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the SET TO DEFAULT prompt are:
+.IP YES
+The npsect parameter is set to the number of usable sectors per track.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+One of the following messages will appear:
+.br
+.B "MAGIC NUMBER WRONG"
+.br
+.B "NCG OUT OF RANGE"
+.br
+.B "CPG OUT OF RANGE"
+.br
+.B "NCYL DOES NOT JIVE WITH NCG*CPG"
+.br
+.B "SIZE PREPOSTEROUSLY LARGE"
+.br
+.B "TRASHED VALUES IN SUPER BLOCK"
+.br
+and will be followed by the message:
+.br
+.B "\fIF\fP: BAD SUPER BLOCK: \fIB\fP"
+.br
+.B "USE -b OPTION TO FSCK TO SPECIFY LOCATION OF AN ALTERNATE"
+.br
+.B "SUPER-BLOCK TO SUPPLY NEEDED INFORMATION; SEE fsck(8)."
+.br
+The super block has been corrupted. 
+An alternative super block must be selected from among those
+listed by
+.I newfs
+(8) when the file system was created.
+For file systems with a blocksize less than 32K,
+specifying \-b 32 is a good first choice.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "INTERNAL INCONSISTENCY: \fIM\fP"
+.br
+.I Fsck 's
+has had an internal panic, whose message is specified as \fIM\fP.
+This should never happen.
+See a guru.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "CAN NOT SEEK: BLK \fIB\fP (CONTINUE)"
+.br
+.I Fsck 's
+request for moving to a specified block number \fIB\fP in
+the file system failed.
+This should never happen.
+See a guru.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CONTINUE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+attempt to continue to run the file system check.
+Often,
+however the problem will persist.
+This error condition will not allow a complete check of the file system.
+A second run of
+.I fsck
+should be made to re-check this file system.
+If the block was part of the virtual memory buffer
+cache,
+.I fsck
+will terminate with the message ``Fatal I/O error''.
+.IP NO
+terminate the program.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "CAN NOT READ: BLK \fIB\fP (CONTINUE)"
+.br
+.I Fsck 's
+request for reading a specified block number \fIB\fP in
+the file system failed.
+This should never happen.
+See a guru.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CONTINUE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+attempt to continue to run the file system check.
+It will retry the read and print out the message:
+.br
+.B "THE FOLLOWING SECTORS COULD NOT BE READ: \fIN\fP"
+.br
+where \fIN\fP indicates the sectors that could not be read.
+If 
+.I fsck
+ever tries to write back one of the blocks on which the read failed
+it will print the message:
+.br
+.B "WRITING ZERO'ED BLOCK \fIN\fP TO DISK"
+.br
+where \fIN\fP indicates the sector that was written with zero's.
+If the disk is experiencing hardware problems, the problem will persist.
+This error condition will not allow a complete check of the file system.
+A second run of
+.I fsck
+should be made to re-check this file system.
+If the block was part of the virtual memory buffer
+cache,
+.I fsck
+will terminate with the message ``Fatal I/O error''.
+.IP NO
+terminate the program.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "CAN NOT WRITE: BLK \fIB\fP (CONTINUE)"
+.br
+.I Fsck 's
+request for writing a specified block number \fIB\fP
+in the file system failed.
+The disk is write-protected;
+check the write protect lock on the drive.
+If that is not the problem, see a guru.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CONTINUE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+attempt to continue to run the file system check.
+The write operation will be retried with the failed blocks
+indicated by the message:
+.br
+.B "THE FOLLOWING SECTORS COULD NOT BE WRITTEN: \fIN\fP"
+.br
+where \fIN\fP indicates the sectors that could not be written.
+If the disk is experiencing hardware problems, the problem will persist.
+This error condition will not allow a complete check of the file system.
+A second run of
+.I fsck
+should be made to re-check this file system.
+If the block was part of the virtual memory buffer
+cache,
+.I fsck
+will terminate with the message ``Fatal I/O error''.
+.IP NO
+terminate the program.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "bad inode number DDD to ginode"
+.br
+An internal error has attempted to read non-existent inode \fIDDD\fP.
+This error causes 
+.I fsck
+to exit.
+See a guru.
+.NH 2 
+Phase 1 \- Check Blocks and Sizes
+.PP
+This phase concerns itself with
+the inode list.
+This section lists error conditions resulting from
+checking inode types,
+setting up the zero-link-count table,
+examining inode block numbers for bad or duplicate blocks,
+checking inode size,
+and checking inode format.
+All errors in this phase except
+.B "INCORRECT BLOCK COUNT"
+and
+.B "PARTIALLY TRUNCATED INODE"
+are fatal if the file system is being preen'ed.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "UNKNOWN FILE TYPE I=\fII\fP (CLEAR)"
+.br
+The mode word of the inode \fII\fP indicates that the inode is not a
+special block inode, special character inode, socket inode, regular inode,
+symbolic link, or directory inode.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CLEAR prompt are:
+.IP YES
+de-allocate inode \fII\fP by zeroing its contents.
+This will always invoke the UNALLOCATED error condition in Phase 2
+for each directory entry pointing to this inode.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "PARTIALLY TRUNCATED INODE I=\fII\fP (SALVAGE)"
+.br
+.I Fsck
+has found inode \fII\fP whose size is shorter than the number of
+blocks allocated to it.
+This condition should only occur if the system crashes while in the
+midst of truncating a file.
+When preen'ing the file system, 
+.I fsck
+completes the truncation to the specified size.
+.LP
+Possible responses to SALVAGE are:
+.IP YES
+complete the truncation to the size specified in the inode.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "LINK COUNT TABLE OVERFLOW (CONTINUE)"
+.br
+An internal table for
+.I fsck
+containing allocated inodes with a link count of
+zero cannot allocate more memory.
+Increase the virtual memory for
+.I fsck .
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CONTINUE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+continue with the program.
+This error condition will not allow a complete check of the file system.
+A second run of
+.I fsck
+should be made to re-check this file system.
+If another allocated inode with a zero link count is found,
+this error condition is repeated.
+.IP NO
+terminate the program.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "\fIB\fP BAD I=\fII\fP"
+.br
+Inode \fII\fP contains block number \fIB\fP with a number
+lower than the number of the first data block in the file system or
+greater than the number of the last block
+in the file system.
+This error condition may invoke the
+.B "EXCESSIVE BAD BLKS"
+error condition in Phase 1 (see next paragraph) if
+inode \fII\fP has too many block numbers outside the file system range.
+This error condition will always invoke the
+.B "BAD/DUP"
+error condition in Phase 2 and Phase 4.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "EXCESSIVE BAD BLKS I=\fII\fP (CONTINUE)"
+.br
+There is more than a tolerable number (usually 10) of blocks with a number
+lower than the number of the first data block in the file system or greater than
+the number of last block in the file system associated with inode \fII\fP.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CONTINUE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+ignore the rest of the blocks in this inode
+and continue checking with the next inode in the file system.
+This error condition will not allow a complete check of the file system.
+A second run of
+.I fsck
+should be made to re-check this file system.
+.IP NO
+terminate the program.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "BAD STATE DDD TO BLKERR"
+.br
+An internal error has scrambled 
+.I fsck 's
+state map to have the impossible value \fIDDD\fP.
+.I Fsck
+exits immediately. 
+See a guru.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "\fIB\fP DUP I=\fII\fP"
+.br
+Inode \fII\fP contains block number \fIB\fP that is already claimed by
+another inode.
+This error condition may invoke the
+.B "EXCESSIVE DUP BLKS"
+error condition in Phase 1 if
+inode \fII\fP has too many block numbers claimed by other inodes.
+This error condition will always invoke Phase 1b and the
+.B "BAD/DUP"
+error condition in Phase 2 and Phase 4.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "EXCESSIVE DUP BLKS I=\fII\fP (CONTINUE)"
+.br
+There is more than a tolerable number (usually 10) of blocks claimed by other
+inodes.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CONTINUE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+ignore the rest of the blocks in this inode
+and continue checking with the next inode in the file system.
+This error condition will not allow a complete check of the file system.
+A second run of
+.I fsck
+should be made to re-check this file system.
+.IP NO
+terminate the program.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "DUP TABLE OVERFLOW (CONTINUE)"
+.br
+An internal table in
+.I fsck
+containing duplicate block numbers cannot allocate any more space.
+Increase the amount of virtual memory available to
+.I fsck .
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CONTINUE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+continue with the program.
+This error condition will not allow a complete check of the file system.
+A second run of
+.I fsck
+should be made to re-check this file system.
+If another duplicate block is found, this error condition will repeat.
+.IP NO
+terminate the program.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "PARTIALLY ALLOCATED INODE I=\fII\fP (CLEAR)"
+.br
+Inode \fII\fP is neither allocated nor unallocated.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CLEAR prompt are:
+.IP YES
+de-allocate inode \fII\fP by zeroing its contents.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "INCORRECT BLOCK COUNT I=\fII\fP (\fIX\fP should be \fIY\fP) (CORRECT)"
+.br
+The block count for inode \fII\fP is \fIX\fP blocks,
+but should be \fIY\fP blocks.
+When preen'ing the count is corrected.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CORRECT prompt are:
+.IP YES
+replace the block count of inode \fII\fP with \fIY\fP.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.NH 2 
+Phase 1B: Rescan for More Dups
+.PP
+When a duplicate block is found in the file system, the file system is
+rescanned to find the inode that previously claimed that block.
+This section lists the error condition when the duplicate block is found.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "\fIB\fP DUP I=\fII\fP"
+.br
+Inode \fII\fP contains block number \fIB\fP that
+is already claimed by another inode.
+This error condition will always invoke the
+.B "BAD/DUP"
+error condition in Phase 2.
+You can determine which inodes have overlapping blocks by examining
+this error condition and the DUP error condition in Phase 1.
+.NH 2 
+Phase 2 \- Check Pathnames
+.PP
+This phase concerns itself with removing directory entries
+pointing to
+error conditioned inodes
+from Phase 1 and Phase 1b.
+This section lists error conditions resulting from
+root inode mode and status,
+directory inode pointers in range,
+and directory entries pointing to bad inodes,
+and directory integrity checks.
+All errors in this phase are fatal if the file system is being preen'ed,
+except for directories not being a multiple of the blocks size
+and extraneous hard links.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "ROOT INODE UNALLOCATED (ALLOCATE)"
+.br
+The root inode (usually inode number 2) has no allocate mode bits.
+This should never happen.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the ALLOCATE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+allocate inode 2 as the root inode.
+The files and directories usually found in the root will be recovered
+in Phase 3 and put into
+.I lost+found .
+If the attempt to allocate the root fails,
+.I fsck
+will exit with the message:
+.br
+.B "CANNOT ALLOCATE ROOT INODE" .
+.IP NO
+.I fsck
+will exit.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "ROOT INODE NOT DIRECTORY (REALLOCATE)"
+.br
+The root inode (usually inode number 2)
+is not directory inode type.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the REALLOCATE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+clear the existing contents of the root inode
+and reallocate it.
+The files and directories usually found in the root will be recovered
+in Phase 3 and put into
+.I lost+found .
+If the attempt to allocate the root fails,
+.I fsck
+will exit with the message:
+.br
+.B "CANNOT ALLOCATE ROOT INODE" .
+.IP NO
+.I fsck
+will then prompt with
+.B "FIX"
+.LP
+Possible responses to the FIX prompt are:
+.IP YES
+replace the root inode's type to be a directory.
+If the root inode's data blocks are not directory blocks,
+many error conditions will be produced.
+.IP NO
+terminate the program.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "DUPS/BAD IN ROOT INODE (REALLOCATE)"
+.br
+Phase 1 or Phase 1b have found duplicate blocks
+or bad blocks in the root inode (usually inode number 2) for the file system.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the REALLOCATE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+clear the existing contents of the root inode
+and reallocate it.
+The files and directories usually found in the root will be recovered
+in Phase 3 and put into
+.I lost+found .
+If the attempt to allocate the root fails,
+.I fsck
+will exit with the message:
+.br
+.B "CANNOT ALLOCATE ROOT INODE" .
+.IP NO
+.I fsck
+will then prompt with
+.B "CONTINUE" .
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CONTINUE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+ignore the
+.B "DUPS/BAD"
+error condition in the root inode and
+attempt to continue to run the file system check.
+If the root inode is not correct,
+then this may result in many other error conditions.
+.IP NO
+terminate the program.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "NAME TOO LONG \fIF\fP"
+.br
+An excessively long path name has been found.
+This usually indicates loops in the file system name space.
+This can occur if the super user has made circular links to directories.
+The offending links must be removed (by a guru).
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "I OUT OF RANGE I=\fII\fP NAME=\fIF\fP (REMOVE)"
+.br
+A directory entry \fIF\fP has an inode number \fII\fP that is greater than
+the end of the inode list.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the REMOVE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+the directory entry \fIF\fP is removed.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "UNALLOCATED I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP \fItype\fP=\fIF\fP (REMOVE)"
+.br
+A directory or file entry \fIF\fP points to an unallocated inode \fII\fP.
+The owner \fIO\fP, mode \fIM\fP, size \fIS\fP, modify time \fIT\fP,
+and name \fIF\fP are printed.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the REMOVE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+the directory entry \fIF\fP is removed.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "DUP/BAD I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP \fItype\fP=\fIF\fP (REMOVE)"
+.br
+Phase 1 or Phase 1b have found duplicate blocks or bad blocks
+associated with directory or file entry \fIF\fP, inode \fII\fP.
+The owner \fIO\fP, mode \fIM\fP, size \fIS\fP, modify time \fIT\fP,
+and directory name \fIF\fP are printed.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the REMOVE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+the directory entry \fIF\fP is removed.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "ZERO LENGTH DIRECTORY I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP (REMOVE)"
+.br
+A directory entry \fIF\fP has a size \fIS\fP that is zero.
+The owner \fIO\fP, mode \fIM\fP, size \fIS\fP, modify time \fIT\fP,
+and directory name \fIF\fP are printed.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the REMOVE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+the directory entry \fIF\fP is removed;
+this will always invoke the BAD/DUP error condition in Phase 4.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "DIRECTORY TOO SHORT I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP (FIX)"
+.br
+A directory \fIF\fP has been found whose size \fIS\fP
+is less than the minimum size directory.
+The owner \fIO\fP, mode \fIM\fP, size \fIS\fP, modify time \fIT\fP,
+and directory name \fIF\fP are printed.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the FIX prompt are:
+.IP YES
+increase the size of the directory to the minimum directory size.
+.IP NO
+ignore this directory.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "DIRECTORY \fIF\fP LENGTH \fIS\fP NOT MULTIPLE OF \fIB\fP (ADJUST)
+.br
+A directory \fIF\fP has been found with size \fIS\fP that is not
+a multiple of the directory blocksize \fIB\fP.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the ADJUST prompt are:
+.IP YES
+the length is rounded up to the appropriate block size.
+This error can occur on 4.2BSD file systems.
+Thus when preen'ing the file system only a warning is printed
+and the directory is adjusted.
+.IP NO
+ignore the error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "DIRECTORY CORRUPTED I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP (SALVAGE)"
+.br
+A directory with an inconsistent internal state has been found.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the FIX prompt are:
+.IP YES
+throw away all entries up to the next directory boundary (usually 512-byte)
+boundary.
+This drastic action can throw away up to 42 entries,
+and should be taken only after other recovery efforts have failed.
+.IP NO
+skip up to the next directory boundary and resume reading,
+but do not modify the directory.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "BAD INODE NUMBER FOR `.' I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP (FIX)"
+.br
+A directory \fII\fP has been found whose inode number for `.' does
+does not equal \fII\fP.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the FIX prompt are:
+.IP YES
+change the inode number for `.' to be equal to \fII\fP.
+.IP NO
+leave the inode number for `.' unchanged.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "MISSING `.' I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP (FIX)"
+.br
+A directory \fII\fP has been found whose first entry is unallocated.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the FIX prompt are:
+.IP YES
+build an entry for `.' with inode number equal to \fII\fP.
+.IP NO
+leave the directory unchanged.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "MISSING `.' I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP"
+.br
+.B "CANNOT FIX, FIRST ENTRY IN DIRECTORY CONTAINS \fIF\fP"
+.br
+A directory \fII\fP has been found whose first entry is \fIF\fP.
+.I Fsck
+cannot resolve this problem. 
+The file system should be mounted and the offending entry \fIF\fP
+moved elsewhere.
+The file system should then be unmounted and
+.I fsck
+should be run again.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "MISSING `.' I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP"
+.br
+.B "CANNOT FIX, INSUFFICIENT SPACE TO ADD `.'"
+.br
+A directory \fII\fP has been found whose first entry is not `.'.
+.I Fsck
+cannot resolve this problem as it should never happen.
+See a guru.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "EXTRA `.' ENTRY I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP (FIX)"
+.br
+A directory \fII\fP has been found that has more than one entry for `.'.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the FIX prompt are:
+.IP YES
+remove the extra entry for `.'.
+.IP NO
+leave the directory unchanged.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "BAD INODE NUMBER FOR `..' I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP (FIX)"
+.br
+A directory \fII\fP has been found whose inode number for `..' does
+does not equal the parent of \fII\fP.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the FIX prompt are:
+.IP YES
+change the inode number for `..' to be equal to the parent of \fII\fP
+(``\fB..\fP'' in the root inode points to itself).
+.IP NO
+leave the inode number for `..' unchanged.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "MISSING `..' I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP (FIX)"
+.br
+A directory \fII\fP has been found whose second entry is unallocated.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the FIX prompt are:
+.IP YES
+build an entry for `..' with inode number equal to the parent of \fII\fP
+(``\fB..\fP'' in the root inode points to itself).
+.IP NO
+leave the directory unchanged.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "MISSING `..' I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP"
+.br
+.B "CANNOT FIX, SECOND ENTRY IN DIRECTORY CONTAINS \fIF\fP"
+.br
+A directory \fII\fP has been found whose second entry is \fIF\fP.
+.I Fsck
+cannot resolve this problem. 
+The file system should be mounted and the offending entry \fIF\fP
+moved elsewhere.
+The file system should then be unmounted and
+.I fsck
+should be run again.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "MISSING `..' I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP"
+.br
+.B "CANNOT FIX, INSUFFICIENT SPACE TO ADD `..'"
+.br
+A directory \fII\fP has been found whose second entry is not `..'.
+.I Fsck
+cannot resolve this problem.
+The file system should be mounted and the second entry in the directory
+moved elsewhere.
+The file system should then be unmounted and
+.I fsck
+should be run again.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "EXTRA `..' ENTRY I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP DIR=\fIF\fP (FIX)"
+.br
+A directory \fII\fP has been found that has more than one entry for `..'.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the FIX prompt are:
+.IP YES
+remove the extra entry for `..'.
+.IP NO
+leave the directory unchanged.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "\fIN\fP IS AN EXTRANEOUS HARD LINK TO A DIRECTORY \fID\fP (REMOVE)
+.br
+.I Fsck
+has found a hard link, \fIN\fP, to a directory, \fID\fP.
+When preen'ing the extraneous links are ignored.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the REMOVE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+delete the extraneous entry, \fIN\fP.
+.IP NO
+ignore the error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "BAD INODE \fIS\fP TO DESCEND"
+.br
+An internal error has caused an impossible state \fIS\fP to be passed to the
+routine that descends the file system directory structure.
+.I Fsck
+exits.
+See a guru.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "BAD RETURN STATE \fIS\fP FROM DESCEND"
+.br
+An internal error has caused an impossible state \fIS\fP to be returned
+from the routine that descends the file system directory structure.
+.I Fsck
+exits.
+See a guru.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "BAD STATE \fIS\fP FOR ROOT INODE"
+.br
+An internal error has caused an impossible state \fIS\fP to be assigned
+to the root inode.
+.I Fsck
+exits.
+See a guru.
+.NH 2 
+Phase 3 \- Check Connectivity
+.PP
+This phase concerns itself with the directory connectivity seen in
+Phase 2.
+This section lists error conditions resulting from
+unreferenced directories,
+and missing or full
+.I lost+found
+directories.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "UNREF DIR I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP (RECONNECT)"
+.br
+The directory inode \fII\fP was not connected to a directory entry
+when the file system was traversed.
+The owner \fIO\fP, mode \fIM\fP, size \fIS\fP, and
+modify time \fIT\fP of directory inode \fII\fP are printed.
+When preen'ing, the directory is reconnected if its size is non-zero,
+otherwise it is cleared.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the RECONNECT prompt are:
+.IP YES
+reconnect directory inode \fII\fP to the file system in the
+directory for lost files (usually \fIlost+found\fP).
+This may invoke the
+.I lost+found
+error condition in Phase 3
+if there are problems connecting directory inode \fII\fP to \fIlost+found\fP.
+This may also invoke the CONNECTED error condition in Phase 3 if the link
+was successful.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "NO lost+found DIRECTORY (CREATE)"
+.br
+There is no
+.I lost+found
+directory in the root directory of the file system;
+When preen'ing
+.I fsck
+tries to create a \fIlost+found\fP directory.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CREATE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+create a \fIlost+found\fP directory in the root of the file system.
+This may raise the message:
+.br
+.B "NO SPACE LEFT IN / (EXPAND)"
+.br
+See below for the possible responses.
+Inability to create a \fIlost+found\fP directory generates the message:
+.br
+.B "SORRY. CANNOT CREATE lost+found DIRECTORY"
+.br
+and aborts the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.IP NO
+abort the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "lost+found IS NOT A DIRECTORY (REALLOCATE)"
+.br
+The entry for
+.I lost+found
+is not a directory.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the REALLOCATE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+allocate a directory inode, and change \fIlost+found\fP to reference it.
+The previous inode reference by the \fIlost+found\fP name is not cleared.
+Thus it will either be reclaimed as an UNREF'ed inode or have its
+link count ADJUST'ed later in this Phase.
+Inability to create a \fIlost+found\fP directory generates the message:
+.br
+.B "SORRY. CANNOT CREATE lost+found DIRECTORY"
+.br
+and aborts the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.IP NO
+abort the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "NO SPACE LEFT IN /lost+found (EXPAND)"
+.br
+There is no space to add another entry to the
+.I lost+found
+directory in the root directory
+of the file system.
+When preen'ing the 
+.I lost+found
+directory is expanded.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the EXPAND prompt are:
+.IP YES
+the 
+.I lost+found
+directory is expanded to make room for the new entry.
+If the attempted expansion fails
+.I fsck
+prints the message:
+.br
+.B "SORRY. NO SPACE IN lost+found DIRECTORY"
+.br
+and aborts the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+Clean out unnecessary entries in
+.I lost+found .
+This error is fatal if the file system is being preen'ed.
+.IP NO
+abort the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "DIR I=\fII1\fP CONNECTED. PARENT WAS I=\fII2\fP"
+.br
+This is an advisory message indicating a directory inode \fII1\fP was
+successfully connected to the
+.I lost+found
+directory.
+The parent inode \fII2\fP of the directory inode \fII1\fP is
+replaced by the inode number of the
+.I lost+found
+directory.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "DIRECTORY \fIF\fP LENGTH \fIS\fP NOT MULTIPLE OF \fIB\fP (ADJUST)
+.br
+A directory \fIF\fP has been found with size \fIS\fP that is not
+a multiple of the directory blocksize \fIB\fP
+(this can reoccur in Phase 3 if it is not adjusted in Phase 2).
+.LP
+Possible responses to the ADJUST prompt are:
+.IP YES
+the length is rounded up to the appropriate block size.
+This error can occur on 4.2BSD file systems.
+Thus when preen'ing the file system only a warning is printed
+and the directory is adjusted.
+.IP NO
+ignore the error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "BAD INODE \fIS\fP TO DESCEND"
+.br
+An internal error has caused an impossible state \fIS\fP to be passed to the
+routine that descends the file system directory structure.
+.I Fsck
+exits.
+See a guru.
+.NH 2 
+Phase 4 \- Check Reference Counts
+.PP
+This phase concerns itself with the link count information
+seen in Phase 2 and Phase 3.
+This section lists error conditions resulting from
+unreferenced files,
+missing or full
+.I lost+found
+directory,
+incorrect link counts for files, directories, symbolic links, or special files,
+unreferenced files, symbolic links, and directories,
+and bad or duplicate blocks in files, symbolic links, and directories.
+All errors in this phase are correctable if the file system is being preen'ed
+except running out of space in the \fIlost+found\fP directory.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "UNREF FILE I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP (RECONNECT)"
+.br
+Inode \fII\fP was not connected to a directory entry
+when the file system was traversed.
+The owner \fIO\fP, mode \fIM\fP, size \fIS\fP, and
+modify time \fIT\fP of inode \fII\fP are printed.
+When preen'ing the file is cleared if either its size or its
+link count is zero,
+otherwise it is reconnected.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the RECONNECT prompt are:
+.IP YES
+reconnect inode \fII\fP to the file system in the directory for
+lost files (usually \fIlost+found\fP).
+This may invoke the
+.I lost+found
+error condition in Phase 4
+if there are problems connecting inode \fII\fP to
+.I lost+found .
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+This will always invoke the CLEAR error condition in Phase 4.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "(CLEAR)"
+.br
+The inode mentioned in the immediately previous error condition can not be
+reconnected.
+This cannot occur if the file system is being preen'ed,
+since lack of space to reconnect files is a fatal error.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CLEAR prompt are:
+.IP YES
+de-allocate the inode mentioned in the immediately previous error condition by zeroing its contents.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "NO lost+found DIRECTORY (CREATE)"
+.br
+There is no
+.I lost+found
+directory in the root directory of the file system;
+When preen'ing
+.I fsck
+tries to create a \fIlost+found\fP directory.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CREATE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+create a \fIlost+found\fP directory in the root of the file system.
+This may raise the message:
+.br
+.B "NO SPACE LEFT IN / (EXPAND)"
+.br
+See below for the possible responses.
+Inability to create a \fIlost+found\fP directory generates the message:
+.br
+.B "SORRY. CANNOT CREATE lost+found DIRECTORY"
+.br
+and aborts the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.IP NO
+abort the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "lost+found IS NOT A DIRECTORY (REALLOCATE)"
+.br
+The entry for
+.I lost+found
+is not a directory.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the REALLOCATE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+allocate a directory inode, and change \fIlost+found\fP to reference it.
+The previous inode reference by the \fIlost+found\fP name is not cleared.
+Thus it will either be reclaimed as an UNREF'ed inode or have its
+link count ADJUST'ed later in this Phase.
+Inability to create a \fIlost+found\fP directory generates the message:
+.br
+.B "SORRY. CANNOT CREATE lost+found DIRECTORY"
+.br
+and aborts the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.IP NO
+abort the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "NO SPACE LEFT IN /lost+found (EXPAND)"
+.br
+There is no space to add another entry to the
+.I lost+found
+directory in the root directory
+of the file system.
+When preen'ing the 
+.I lost+found
+directory is expanded.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the EXPAND prompt are:
+.IP YES
+the 
+.I lost+found
+directory is expanded to make room for the new entry.
+If the attempted expansion fails
+.I fsck
+prints the message:
+.br
+.B "SORRY. NO SPACE IN lost+found DIRECTORY"
+.br
+and aborts the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+Clean out unnecessary entries in
+.I lost+found .
+This error is fatal if the file system is being preen'ed.
+.IP NO
+abort the attempt to linkup the lost inode.
+This will always invoke the UNREF error condition in Phase 4.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "LINK COUNT \fItype\fP I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP COUNT=\fIX\fP SHOULD BE \fIY\fP (ADJUST)"
+.br
+The link count for inode \fII\fP,
+is \fIX\fP but should be \fIY\fP.
+The owner \fIO\fP, mode \fIM\fP, size \fIS\fP, and modify time \fIT\fP
+are printed.
+When preen'ing the link count is adjusted unless the number of references
+is increasing, a condition that should never occur unless precipitated
+by a hardware failure.
+When the number of references is increasing under preen mode,
+.I fsck
+exits with the message:
+.br
+.B "LINK COUNT INCREASING"
+.LP
+Possible responses to the ADJUST prompt are:
+.IP YES
+replace the link count of file inode \fII\fP with \fIY\fP.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "UNREF \fItype\fP I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP (CLEAR)"
+.br
+Inode \fII\fP, was not connected to a directory entry when the
+file system was traversed.
+The owner \fIO\fP, mode \fIM\fP, size \fIS\fP,
+and modify time \fIT\fP of inode \fII\fP
+are printed.
+When preen'ing,
+this is a file that was not connected because its size or link count was zero,
+hence it is cleared.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CLEAR prompt are:
+.IP YES
+de-allocate inode \fII\fP by zeroing its contents.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "BAD/DUP \fItype\fP I=\fII\fP OWNER=\fIO\fP MODE=\fIM\fP SIZE=\fIS\fP MTIME=\fIT\fP (CLEAR)"
+.br
+Phase 1 or Phase 1b have found duplicate blocks
+or bad blocks associated with
+inode \fII\fP.
+The owner \fIO\fP, mode \fIM\fP, size \fIS\fP,
+and modify time \fIT\fP of inode \fII\fP
+are printed.
+This error cannot arise when the file system is being preen'ed,
+as it would have caused a fatal error earlier.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the CLEAR prompt are:
+.IP YES
+de-allocate inode \fII\fP by zeroing its contents.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.NH 2 
+Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
+.PP
+This phase concerns itself with the free-block and used-inode maps.
+This section lists error conditions resulting from
+allocated blocks in the free-block maps,
+free blocks missing from free-block maps,
+and the total free-block count incorrect.
+It also lists error conditions resulting from
+free inodes in the used-inode maps,
+allocated inodes missing from used-inode maps,
+and the total used-inode count incorrect.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "CG \fIC\fP: BAD MAGIC NUMBER"
+.br
+The magic number of cylinder group \fIC\fP is wrong.
+This usually indicates that the cylinder group maps have been destroyed.
+When running manually the cylinder group is marked as needing
+to be reconstructed.
+This error is fatal if the file system is being preen'ed.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "BLK(S) MISSING IN BIT MAPS (SALVAGE)"
+.br
+A cylinder group block map is missing some free blocks.
+During preen'ing the maps are reconstructed.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the SALVAGE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+reconstruct the free block map.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "SUMMARY INFORMATION BAD (SALVAGE)"
+.br
+The summary information was found to be incorrect.
+When preen'ing,
+the summary information is recomputed.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the SALVAGE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+reconstruct the summary information.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "FREE BLK COUNT(S) WRONG IN SUPERBLOCK (SALVAGE)"
+.br
+The superblock free block information was found to be incorrect.
+When preen'ing,
+the superblock free block information is recomputed.
+.LP
+Possible responses to the SALVAGE prompt are:
+.IP YES
+reconstruct the superblock free block information.
+.IP NO
+ignore this error condition.
+.NH 2 
+Cleanup
+.PP
+Once a file system has been checked, a few cleanup functions are performed.
+This section lists advisory messages about
+the file system
+and modify status of the file system.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "\fIV\fP files, \fIW\fP used, \fIX\fP free (\fIY\fP frags, \fIZ\fP blocks)"
+.br
+This is an advisory message indicating that
+the file system checked contained
+\fIV\fP files using
+\fIW\fP fragment sized blocks leaving
+\fIX\fP fragment sized blocks free in the file system.
+The numbers in parenthesis breaks the free count down into
+\fIY\fP free fragments and
+\fIZ\fP free full sized blocks.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "***** REBOOT UNIX *****"
+.br
+This is an advisory message indicating that
+the root file system has been modified by
+.I fsck.
+If UNIX is not rebooted immediately,
+the work done by
+.I fsck
+may be undone by the in-core copies of tables
+UNIX keeps.
+When preen'ing,
+.I fsck
+will exit with a code of 4.
+The standard auto-reboot script distributed with 4.3BSD 
+interprets an exit code of 4 by issuing a reboot system call.
+.sp
+.LP
+.B "***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****"
+.br
+This is an advisory message indicating that
+the current file system was modified by
+.I fsck.
+If this file system is mounted or is the current root file system,
+.I fsck
+should be halted and UNIX rebooted.
+If UNIX is not rebooted immediately,
+the work done by
+.I fsck
+may be undone by the in-core copies of tables
+UNIX keeps.
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/Makefile b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..26823bcc94f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/SMM.doc/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+
+DIR=	smm/03.fsck
+SRCS=	0.t 1.t 2.t 3.t 4.t
+MACROS=	-ms
+
+.include <bsd.doc.mk>
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/dir.c b/sbin/fsck/dir.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ee5d095e6c75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/dir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dir.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+char	*lfname = "lost+found";
+int	lfmode = 01777;
+struct	dirtemplate emptydir = { 0, DIRBLKSIZ };
+struct	dirtemplate dirhead = {
+	0, 12, DT_DIR, 1, ".",
+	0, DIRBLKSIZ - 12, DT_DIR, 2, ".."
+};
+struct	odirtemplate odirhead = {
+	0, 12, 1, ".",
+	0, DIRBLKSIZ - 12, 2, ".."
+};
+
+struct direct	*fsck_readdir();
+struct bufarea	*getdirblk();
+
+/*
+ * Propagate connected state through the tree.
+ */
+propagate()
+{
+	register struct inoinfo **inpp, *inp;
+	struct inoinfo **inpend;
+	long change;
+
+	inpend = &inpsort[inplast];
+	do {
+		change = 0;
+		for (inpp = inpsort; inpp < inpend; inpp++) {
+			inp = *inpp;
+			if (inp->i_parent == 0)
+				continue;
+			if (statemap[inp->i_parent] == DFOUND &&
+			    statemap[inp->i_number] == DSTATE) {
+				statemap[inp->i_number] = DFOUND;
+				change++;
+			}
+		}
+	} while (change > 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan each entry in a directory block.
+ */
+dirscan(idesc)
+	register struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register struct direct *dp;
+	register struct bufarea *bp;
+	int dsize, n;
+	long blksiz;
+	char dbuf[DIRBLKSIZ];
+
+	if (idesc->id_type != DATA)
+		errexit("wrong type to dirscan %d\n", idesc->id_type);
+	if (idesc->id_entryno == 0 &&
+	    (idesc->id_filesize & (DIRBLKSIZ - 1)) != 0)
+		idesc->id_filesize = roundup(idesc->id_filesize, DIRBLKSIZ);
+	blksiz = idesc->id_numfrags * sblock.fs_fsize;
+	if (chkrange(idesc->id_blkno, idesc->id_numfrags)) {
+		idesc->id_filesize -= blksiz;
+		return (SKIP);
+	}
+	idesc->id_loc = 0;
+	for (dp = fsck_readdir(idesc); dp != NULL; dp = fsck_readdir(idesc)) {
+		dsize = dp->d_reclen;
+		bcopy((char *)dp, dbuf, (size_t)dsize);
+#		if (BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+			if (!newinofmt) {
+				struct direct *tdp = (struct direct *)dbuf;
+				u_char tmp;
+
+				tmp = tdp->d_namlen;
+				tdp->d_namlen = tdp->d_type;
+				tdp->d_type = tmp;
+			}
+#		endif
+		idesc->id_dirp = (struct direct *)dbuf;
+		if ((n = (*idesc->id_func)(idesc)) & ALTERED) {
+#			if (BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+				if (!newinofmt && !doinglevel2) {
+					struct direct *tdp;
+					u_char tmp;
+
+					tdp = (struct direct *)dbuf;
+					tmp = tdp->d_namlen;
+					tdp->d_namlen = tdp->d_type;
+					tdp->d_type = tmp;
+				}
+#			endif
+			bp = getdirblk(idesc->id_blkno, blksiz);
+			bcopy(dbuf, bp->b_un.b_buf + idesc->id_loc - dsize,
+			    (size_t)dsize);
+			dirty(bp);
+			sbdirty();
+		}
+		if (n & STOP) 
+			return (n);
+	}
+	return (idesc->id_filesize > 0 ? KEEPON : STOP);
+}
+
+/*
+ * get next entry in a directory.
+ */
+struct direct *
+fsck_readdir(idesc)
+	register struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register struct direct *dp, *ndp;
+	register struct bufarea *bp;
+	long size, blksiz, fix, dploc;
+
+	blksiz = idesc->id_numfrags * sblock.fs_fsize;
+	bp = getdirblk(idesc->id_blkno, blksiz);
+	if (idesc->id_loc % DIRBLKSIZ == 0 && idesc->id_filesize > 0 &&
+	    idesc->id_loc < blksiz) {
+		dp = (struct direct *)(bp->b_un.b_buf + idesc->id_loc);
+		if (dircheck(idesc, dp))
+			goto dpok;
+		fix = dofix(idesc, "DIRECTORY CORRUPTED");
+		bp = getdirblk(idesc->id_blkno, blksiz);
+		dp = (struct direct *)(bp->b_un.b_buf + idesc->id_loc);
+		dp->d_reclen = DIRBLKSIZ;
+		dp->d_ino = 0;
+		dp->d_type = 0;
+		dp->d_namlen = 0;
+		dp->d_name[0] = '\0';
+		if (fix)
+			dirty(bp);
+		idesc->id_loc += DIRBLKSIZ;
+		idesc->id_filesize -= DIRBLKSIZ;
+		return (dp);
+	}
+dpok:
+	if (idesc->id_filesize <= 0 || idesc->id_loc >= blksiz)
+		return NULL;
+	dploc = idesc->id_loc;
+	dp = (struct direct *)(bp->b_un.b_buf + dploc);
+	idesc->id_loc += dp->d_reclen;
+	idesc->id_filesize -= dp->d_reclen;
+	if ((idesc->id_loc % DIRBLKSIZ) == 0)
+		return (dp);
+	ndp = (struct direct *)(bp->b_un.b_buf + idesc->id_loc);
+	if (idesc->id_loc < blksiz && idesc->id_filesize > 0 &&
+	    dircheck(idesc, ndp) == 0) {
+		size = DIRBLKSIZ - (idesc->id_loc % DIRBLKSIZ);
+		idesc->id_loc += size;
+		idesc->id_filesize -= size;
+		fix = dofix(idesc, "DIRECTORY CORRUPTED");
+		bp = getdirblk(idesc->id_blkno, blksiz);
+		dp = (struct direct *)(bp->b_un.b_buf + dploc);
+		dp->d_reclen += size;
+		if (fix)
+			dirty(bp);
+	}
+	return (dp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify that a directory entry is valid.
+ * This is a superset of the checks made in the kernel.
+ */
+dircheck(idesc, dp)
+	struct inodesc *idesc;
+	register struct direct *dp;
+{
+	register int size;
+	register char *cp;
+	u_char namlen, type;
+	int spaceleft;
+
+	size = DIRSIZ(!newinofmt, dp);
+	spaceleft = DIRBLKSIZ - (idesc->id_loc % DIRBLKSIZ);
+#	if (BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+		if (!newinofmt) {
+			type = dp->d_namlen;
+			namlen = dp->d_type;
+		} else {
+			namlen = dp->d_namlen;
+			type = dp->d_type;
+		}
+#	else
+		namlen = dp->d_namlen;
+		type = dp->d_type;
+#	endif
+	if (dp->d_ino < maxino &&
+	    dp->d_reclen != 0 &&
+	    dp->d_reclen <= spaceleft &&
+	    (dp->d_reclen & 0x3) == 0 &&
+	    dp->d_reclen >= size &&
+	    idesc->id_filesize >= size &&
+	    namlen <= MAXNAMLEN &&
+	    type <= 15) {
+		if (dp->d_ino == 0)
+			return (1);
+		for (cp = dp->d_name, size = 0; size < namlen; size++)
+			if (*cp == 0 || (*cp++ == '/'))
+				return (0);
+		if (*cp == 0)
+			return (1);
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+direrror(ino, errmesg)
+	ino_t ino;
+	char *errmesg;
+{
+
+	fileerror(ino, ino, errmesg);
+}
+
+fileerror(cwd, ino, errmesg)
+	ino_t cwd, ino;
+	char *errmesg;
+{
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	char pathbuf[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
+
+	pwarn("%s ", errmesg);
+	pinode(ino);
+	printf("\n");
+	getpathname(pathbuf, cwd, ino);
+	if (ino < ROOTINO || ino > maxino) {
+		pfatal("NAME=%s\n", pathbuf);
+		return;
+	}
+	dp = ginode(ino);
+	if (ftypeok(dp))
+		pfatal("%s=%s\n",
+		    (dp->di_mode & IFMT) == IFDIR ? "DIR" : "FILE", pathbuf);
+	else
+		pfatal("NAME=%s\n", pathbuf);
+}
+
+adjust(idesc, lcnt)
+	register struct inodesc *idesc;
+	short lcnt;
+{
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+
+	dp = ginode(idesc->id_number);
+	if (dp->di_nlink == lcnt) {
+		if (linkup(idesc->id_number, (ino_t)0) == 0)
+			clri(idesc, "UNREF", 0);
+	} else {
+		pwarn("LINK COUNT %s", (lfdir == idesc->id_number) ? lfname :
+			((dp->di_mode & IFMT) == IFDIR ? "DIR" : "FILE"));
+		pinode(idesc->id_number);
+		printf(" COUNT %d SHOULD BE %d",
+			dp->di_nlink, dp->di_nlink - lcnt);
+		if (preen) {
+			if (lcnt < 0) {
+				printf("\n");
+				pfatal("LINK COUNT INCREASING");
+			}
+			printf(" (ADJUSTED)\n");
+		}
+		if (preen || reply("ADJUST") == 1) {
+			dp->di_nlink -= lcnt;
+			inodirty();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+mkentry(idesc)
+	struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register struct direct *dirp = idesc->id_dirp;
+	struct direct newent;
+	int newlen, oldlen;
+
+	newent.d_namlen = strlen(idesc->id_name);
+	newlen = DIRSIZ(0, &newent);
+	if (dirp->d_ino != 0)
+		oldlen = DIRSIZ(0, dirp);
+	else
+		oldlen = 0;
+	if (dirp->d_reclen - oldlen < newlen)
+		return (KEEPON);
+	newent.d_reclen = dirp->d_reclen - oldlen;
+	dirp->d_reclen = oldlen;
+	dirp = (struct direct *)(((char *)dirp) + oldlen);
+	dirp->d_ino = idesc->id_parent;	/* ino to be entered is in id_parent */
+	if (newinofmt)
+		dirp->d_type = typemap[idesc->id_parent];
+	else
+		dirp->d_type = 0;
+	dirp->d_reclen = newent.d_reclen;
+	dirp->d_namlen = newent.d_namlen;
+	bcopy(idesc->id_name, dirp->d_name, (size_t)dirp->d_namlen + 1);
+	return (ALTERED|STOP);
+}
+
+chgino(idesc)
+	struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register struct direct *dirp = idesc->id_dirp;
+
+	if (bcmp(dirp->d_name, idesc->id_name, (int)dirp->d_namlen + 1))
+		return (KEEPON);
+	dirp->d_ino = idesc->id_parent;
+	if (newinofmt)
+		dirp->d_type = typemap[idesc->id_parent];
+	else
+		dirp->d_type = 0;
+	return (ALTERED|STOP);
+}
+
+linkup(orphan, parentdir)
+	ino_t orphan;
+	ino_t parentdir;
+{
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	int lostdir;
+	ino_t oldlfdir;
+	struct inodesc idesc;
+	char tempname[BUFSIZ];
+	extern int pass4check();
+
+	bzero((char *)&idesc, sizeof(struct inodesc));
+	dp = ginode(orphan);
+	lostdir = (dp->di_mode & IFMT) == IFDIR;
+	pwarn("UNREF %s ", lostdir ? "DIR" : "FILE");
+	pinode(orphan);
+	if (preen && dp->di_size == 0)
+		return (0);
+	if (preen)
+		printf(" (RECONNECTED)\n");
+	else
+		if (reply("RECONNECT") == 0)
+			return (0);
+	if (lfdir == 0) {
+		dp = ginode(ROOTINO);
+		idesc.id_name = lfname;
+		idesc.id_type = DATA;
+		idesc.id_func = findino;
+		idesc.id_number = ROOTINO;
+		if ((ckinode(dp, &idesc) & FOUND) != 0) {
+			lfdir = idesc.id_parent;
+		} else {
+			pwarn("NO lost+found DIRECTORY");
+			if (preen || reply("CREATE")) {
+				lfdir = allocdir(ROOTINO, (ino_t)0, lfmode);
+				if (lfdir != 0) {
+					if (makeentry(ROOTINO, lfdir, lfname) != 0) {
+						if (preen)
+							printf(" (CREATED)\n");
+					} else {
+						freedir(lfdir, ROOTINO);
+						lfdir = 0;
+						if (preen)
+							printf("\n");
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (lfdir == 0) {
+			pfatal("SORRY. CANNOT CREATE lost+found DIRECTORY");
+			printf("\n\n");
+			return (0);
+		}
+	}
+	dp = ginode(lfdir);
+	if ((dp->di_mode & IFMT) != IFDIR) {
+		pfatal("lost+found IS NOT A DIRECTORY");
+		if (reply("REALLOCATE") == 0)
+			return (0);
+		oldlfdir = lfdir;
+		if ((lfdir = allocdir(ROOTINO, (ino_t)0, lfmode)) == 0) {
+			pfatal("SORRY. CANNOT CREATE lost+found DIRECTORY\n\n");
+			return (0);
+		}
+		if ((changeino(ROOTINO, lfname, lfdir) & ALTERED) == 0) {
+			pfatal("SORRY. CANNOT CREATE lost+found DIRECTORY\n\n");
+			return (0);
+		}
+		inodirty();
+		idesc.id_type = ADDR;
+		idesc.id_func = pass4check;
+		idesc.id_number = oldlfdir;
+		adjust(&idesc, lncntp[oldlfdir] + 1);
+		lncntp[oldlfdir] = 0;
+		dp = ginode(lfdir);
+	}
+	if (statemap[lfdir] != DFOUND) {
+		pfatal("SORRY. NO lost+found DIRECTORY\n\n");
+		return (0);
+	}
+	(void)lftempname(tempname, orphan);
+	if (makeentry(lfdir, orphan, tempname) == 0) {
+		pfatal("SORRY. NO SPACE IN lost+found DIRECTORY");
+		printf("\n\n");
+		return (0);
+	}
+	lncntp[orphan]--;
+	if (lostdir) {
+		if ((changeino(orphan, "..", lfdir) & ALTERED) == 0 &&
+		    parentdir != (ino_t)-1)
+			(void)makeentry(orphan, lfdir, "..");
+		dp = ginode(lfdir);
+		dp->di_nlink++;
+		inodirty();
+		lncntp[lfdir]++;
+		pwarn("DIR I=%lu CONNECTED. ", orphan);
+		if (parentdir != (ino_t)-1)
+			printf("PARENT WAS I=%lu\n", parentdir);
+		if (preen == 0)
+			printf("\n");
+	}
+	return (1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * fix an entry in a directory.
+ */
+changeino(dir, name, newnum)
+	ino_t dir;
+	char *name;
+	ino_t newnum;
+{
+	struct inodesc idesc;
+
+	bzero((char *)&idesc, sizeof(struct inodesc));
+	idesc.id_type = DATA;
+	idesc.id_func = chgino;
+	idesc.id_number = dir;
+	idesc.id_fix = DONTKNOW;
+	idesc.id_name = name;
+	idesc.id_parent = newnum;	/* new value for name */
+	return (ckinode(ginode(dir), &idesc));
+}
+
+/*
+ * make an entry in a directory
+ */
+makeentry(parent, ino, name)
+	ino_t parent, ino;
+	char *name;
+{
+	struct dinode *dp;
+	struct inodesc idesc;
+	char pathbuf[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
+	
+	if (parent < ROOTINO || parent >= maxino ||
+	    ino < ROOTINO || ino >= maxino)
+		return (0);
+	bzero((char *)&idesc, sizeof(struct inodesc));
+	idesc.id_type = DATA;
+	idesc.id_func = mkentry;
+	idesc.id_number = parent;
+	idesc.id_parent = ino;	/* this is the inode to enter */
+	idesc.id_fix = DONTKNOW;
+	idesc.id_name = name;
+	dp = ginode(parent);
+	if (dp->di_size % DIRBLKSIZ) {
+		dp->di_size = roundup(dp->di_size, DIRBLKSIZ);
+		inodirty();
+	}
+	if ((ckinode(dp, &idesc) & ALTERED) != 0)
+		return (1);
+	getpathname(pathbuf, parent, parent);
+	dp = ginode(parent);
+	if (expanddir(dp, pathbuf) == 0)
+		return (0);
+	return (ckinode(dp, &idesc) & ALTERED);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Attempt to expand the size of a directory
+ */
+expanddir(dp, name)
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	char *name;
+{
+	daddr_t lastbn, newblk;
+	register struct bufarea *bp;
+	char *cp, firstblk[DIRBLKSIZ];
+
+	lastbn = lblkno(&sblock, dp->di_size);
+	if (lastbn >= NDADDR - 1 || dp->di_db[lastbn] == 0 || dp->di_size == 0)
+		return (0);
+	if ((newblk = allocblk(sblock.fs_frag)) == 0)
+		return (0);
+	dp->di_db[lastbn + 1] = dp->di_db[lastbn];
+	dp->di_db[lastbn] = newblk;
+	dp->di_size += sblock.fs_bsize;
+	dp->di_blocks += btodb(sblock.fs_bsize);
+	bp = getdirblk(dp->di_db[lastbn + 1],
+		(long)dblksize(&sblock, dp, lastbn + 1));
+	if (bp->b_errs)
+		goto bad;
+	bcopy(bp->b_un.b_buf, firstblk, DIRBLKSIZ);
+	bp = getdirblk(newblk, sblock.fs_bsize);
+	if (bp->b_errs)
+		goto bad;
+	bcopy(firstblk, bp->b_un.b_buf, DIRBLKSIZ);
+	for (cp = &bp->b_un.b_buf[DIRBLKSIZ];
+	     cp < &bp->b_un.b_buf[sblock.fs_bsize];
+	     cp += DIRBLKSIZ)
+		bcopy((char *)&emptydir, cp, sizeof emptydir);
+	dirty(bp);
+	bp = getdirblk(dp->di_db[lastbn + 1],
+		(long)dblksize(&sblock, dp, lastbn + 1));
+	if (bp->b_errs)
+		goto bad;
+	bcopy((char *)&emptydir, bp->b_un.b_buf, sizeof emptydir);
+	pwarn("NO SPACE LEFT IN %s", name);
+	if (preen)
+		printf(" (EXPANDED)\n");
+	else if (reply("EXPAND") == 0)
+		goto bad;
+	dirty(bp);
+	inodirty();
+	return (1);
+bad:
+	dp->di_db[lastbn] = dp->di_db[lastbn + 1];
+	dp->di_db[lastbn + 1] = 0;
+	dp->di_size -= sblock.fs_bsize;
+	dp->di_blocks -= btodb(sblock.fs_bsize);
+	freeblk(newblk, sblock.fs_frag);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * allocate a new directory
+ */
+allocdir(parent, request, mode)
+	ino_t parent, request;
+	int mode;
+{
+	ino_t ino;
+	char *cp;
+	struct dinode *dp;
+	register struct bufarea *bp;
+	struct dirtemplate *dirp;
+
+	ino = allocino(request, IFDIR|mode);
+	if (newinofmt)
+		dirp = &dirhead;
+	else
+		dirp = (struct dirtemplate *)&odirhead;
+	dirp->dot_ino = ino;
+	dirp->dotdot_ino = parent;
+	dp = ginode(ino);
+	bp = getdirblk(dp->di_db[0], sblock.fs_fsize);
+	if (bp->b_errs) {
+		freeino(ino);
+		return (0);
+	}
+	bcopy((char *)dirp, bp->b_un.b_buf, sizeof(struct dirtemplate));
+	for (cp = &bp->b_un.b_buf[DIRBLKSIZ];
+	     cp < &bp->b_un.b_buf[sblock.fs_fsize];
+	     cp += DIRBLKSIZ)
+		bcopy((char *)&emptydir, cp, sizeof emptydir);
+	dirty(bp);
+	dp->di_nlink = 2;
+	inodirty();
+	if (ino == ROOTINO) {
+		lncntp[ino] = dp->di_nlink;
+		cacheino(dp, ino);
+		return(ino);
+	}
+	if (statemap[parent] != DSTATE && statemap[parent] != DFOUND) {
+		freeino(ino);
+		return (0);
+	}
+	cacheino(dp, ino);
+	statemap[ino] = statemap[parent];
+	if (statemap[ino] == DSTATE) {
+		lncntp[ino] = dp->di_nlink;
+		lncntp[parent]++;
+	}
+	dp = ginode(parent);
+	dp->di_nlink++;
+	inodirty();
+	return (ino);
+}
+
+/*
+ * free a directory inode
+ */
+freedir(ino, parent)
+	ino_t ino, parent;
+{
+	struct dinode *dp;
+
+	if (ino != parent) {
+		dp = ginode(parent);
+		dp->di_nlink--;
+		inodirty();
+	}
+	freeino(ino);
+}
+
+/*
+ * generate a temporary name for the lost+found directory.
+ */
+lftempname(bufp, ino)
+	char *bufp;
+	ino_t ino;
+{
+	register ino_t in;
+	register char *cp;
+	int namlen;
+
+	cp = bufp + 2;
+	for (in = maxino; in > 0; in /= 10)
+		cp++;
+	*--cp = 0;
+	namlen = cp - bufp;
+	in = ino;
+	while (cp > bufp) {
+		*--cp = (in % 10) + '0';
+		in /= 10;
+	}
+	*cp = '#';
+	return (namlen);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a directory block.
+ * Insure that it is held until another is requested.
+ */
+struct bufarea *
+getdirblk(blkno, size)
+	daddr_t blkno;
+	long size;
+{
+
+	if (pdirbp != 0)
+		pdirbp->b_flags &= ~B_INUSE;
+	pdirbp = getdatablk(blkno, size);
+	return (pdirbp);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/fsck.8 b/sbin/fsck/fsck.8
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cf8c499a35e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/fsck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)fsck.8	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
+.\"
+.Dd December 11, 1993
+.Dt FSCK 8
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm fsck
+.Nd filesystem consistency check and interactive repair
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm fsck
+.Fl p
+.Op Fl m Ar mode
+.Nm fsck
+.Op Fl b Ar block#
+.Op Fl c Ar level
+.Op Fl l Ar maxparallel
+.Op Fl y
+.Op Fl n
+.Op Fl m Ar mode
+.Op Ar filesystem
+.Ar ...
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The first form of
+.Nm fsck
+preens a standard set of filesystems or the specified filesystems.
+It is normally used in the script
+.Pa /etc/rc
+during automatic reboot.
+Here
+.Nm fsck
+reads the table
+.Pa /etc/fstab
+to determine which filesystems to check.
+Only partitions in fstab that are mounted ``rw,'' ``rq'' or ``ro''
+and that have non-zero pass number are checked.
+Filesystems with pass number 1 (normally just the root filesystem)
+are checked one at a time.
+When pass 1 completes, all remaining filesystems are checked,
+running one process per disk drive.
+The disk drive containing each filesystem is inferred from the longest prefix
+of the device name that ends in a digit; the remaining characters are assumed
+to be the partition designator.
+.Pp
+The kernel takes care that only a restricted class of innocuous filesystem
+inconsistencies can happen unless hardware or software failures intervene.
+These are limited to the following:
+.Bl -item -compact
+.It
+Unreferenced inodes
+.It
+Link counts in inodes too large
+.It
+Missing blocks in the free map
+.It
+Blocks in the free map also in files
+.It
+Counts in the super-block wrong
+.El
+.Pp
+These are the only inconsistencies that
+.Nm fsck
+with the
+.Fl p
+option will correct; if it encounters other inconsistencies, it exits
+with an abnormal return status and an automatic reboot will then fail.
+For each corrected inconsistency one or more lines will be printed
+identifying the filesystem on which the correction will take place,
+and the nature of the correction.  After successfully correcting a filesystem,
+.Nm fsck
+will print the number of files on that filesystem,
+the number of used and free blocks,
+and the percentage of fragmentation.
+.Pp
+If sent a
+.Dv QUIT
+signal,
+.Nm fsck
+will finish the filesystem checks, then exit with an abnormal
+return status that causes an automatic reboot to fail.
+This is useful when you want to finish the filesystem checks during an
+automatic reboot,
+but do not want the machine to come up multiuser after the checks complete.
+.Pp
+Without the
+.Fl p
+option,
+.Nm fsck
+audits and interactively repairs inconsistent conditions for filesystems. 
+If the filesystem is inconsistent the operator is prompted for concurrence
+before each correction is attempted.
+It should be noted that some of the corrective actions which are not
+correctable under the
+.Fl p
+option will result in some loss of data.
+The amount and severity of data lost may be determined from the diagnostic
+output.
+The default action for each consistency correction
+is to wait for the operator to respond
+.Li yes
+or
+.Li no .
+If the operator does not have write permission on the filesystem
+.Nm fsck
+will default to a 
+.Fl n
+action.
+.Pp
+.Nm Fsck
+has more consistency checks than
+its predecessors
+.Em check , dcheck , fcheck ,
+and
+.Em icheck
+combined.
+.Pp
+The following flags are interpreted by
+.Nm fsck .
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl b
+Use the block specified immediately after the flag as
+the super block for the filesystem.  Block 32 is usually
+an alternate super block.
+.It Fl l
+Limit the number of parallel checks to the number specified in the following
+argument.
+By default, the limit is the number of disks, running one process per disk.
+If a smaller limit is given, the disks are checked round-robin, one filesystem
+at a time.
+.It Fl m
+Use the mode specified in octal immediately after the flag as the
+permission bits to use when creating the
+.Pa lost+found
+directory rather than the default 1777.
+In particular, systems that do not wish to have lost files accessible
+by all users on the system should use a more restrictive
+set of permissions such as 700.
+.It Fl y
+Assume a yes response to all questions asked by 
+.Nm fsck ;
+this should be used with great caution as this is a free license
+to continue after essentially unlimited trouble has been encountered.
+.It Fl n
+Assume a no response to all questions asked by 
+.Nm fsck
+except for
+.Ql CONTINUE? ,
+which is assumed to be affirmative;
+do not open the filesystem for writing.
+.It Fl c
+Convert the filesystem to the specified level.
+Note that the level of a filesystem can only be raised.
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+There are currently three levels defined:
+.It 0
+The filesystem is in the old (static table) format.
+.It 1
+The filesystem is in the new (dynamic table) format.
+.It 2
+The filesystem supports 32-bit uid's and gid's,
+short symbolic links are stored in the inode, 
+and directories have an added field showing the file type.
+.El
+.Pp
+In interactive mode,
+.Nm fsck
+will list the conversion to be made
+and ask whether the conversion should be done.
+If a negative answer is given,
+no further operations are done on the filesystem.
+In preen mode,
+the conversion is listed and done if
+possible without user interaction.
+Conversion in preen mode is best used when all the filesystems
+are being converted at once.
+The format of a filesystem can be determined from the
+first line of output from 
+.Xr dumpfs 8 .
+.El
+.Pp
+If no filesystems are given to 
+.Nm fsck
+then a default list of filesystems is read from
+the file
+.Pa /etc/fstab .
+.Pp
+.Bl -enum -indent indent -compact
+Inconsistencies checked are as follows:
+.It
+Blocks claimed by more than one inode or the free map.
+.It
+Blocks claimed by an inode outside the range of the filesystem.
+.It
+Incorrect link counts.
+.It
+Size checks:
+.Bl -item -indent indent -compact
+.It 
+Directory size not a multiple of DIRBLKSIZ.
+.It
+Partially truncated file.
+.El
+.It
+Bad inode format.
+.It
+Blocks not accounted for anywhere.
+.It
+Directory checks:
+.Bl -item -indent indent -compact
+.It 
+File pointing to unallocated inode.
+.It
+Inode number out of range.
+.It
+Dot or dot-dot not the first two entries of a directory
+or having the wrong inode number.
+.El
+.It
+Super Block checks:
+.Bl -item -indent indent -compact
+.It 
+More blocks for inodes than there are in the filesystem.
+.It
+Bad free block map format.
+.It
+Total free block and/or free inode count incorrect.
+.El
+.El
+.Pp
+Orphaned files and directories (allocated but unreferenced) are,
+with the operator's concurrence, reconnected by
+placing them in the 
+.Pa lost+found
+directory.
+The name assigned is the inode number.
+If the
+.Pa lost+found
+directory does not exist, it is created.
+If there is insufficient space its size is increased.
+.Pp
+Because of inconsistencies between the block device and the buffer cache,
+the raw device should always be used.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width /etc/fstab -compact
+.It Pa /etc/fstab
+contains default list of filesystems to check.
+.El
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+The diagnostics produced by 
+.Nm fsck
+are fully enumerated and explained in Appendix A of
+.Rs
+.%T "Fsck \- The UNIX File System Check Program"
+.Re
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr fstab 5 ,
+.Xr fs 5 ,
+.Xr fsdb 8 ,
+.Xr newfs 8 ,
+.Xr mkfs 8 ,
+.Xr reboot 8
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/fsck.h b/sbin/fsck/fsck.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7fa831f6c52e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/fsck.h
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ *	@(#)fsck.h	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+ */
+
+#define	MAXDUP		10	/* limit on dup blks (per inode) */
+#define	MAXBAD		10	/* limit on bad blks (per inode) */
+#define	MAXBUFSPACE	40*1024	/* maximum space to allocate to buffers */
+#define	INOBUFSIZE	56*1024	/* size of buffer to read inodes in pass1 */
+
+#ifndef BUFSIZ
+#define BUFSIZ 1024
+#endif
+
+#define	USTATE	01		/* inode not allocated */
+#define	FSTATE	02		/* inode is file */
+#define	DSTATE	03		/* inode is directory */
+#define	DFOUND	04		/* directory found during descent */
+#define	DCLEAR	05		/* directory is to be cleared */
+#define	FCLEAR	06		/* file is to be cleared */
+
+/*
+ * buffer cache structure.
+ */
+struct bufarea {
+	struct bufarea	*b_next;		/* free list queue */
+	struct bufarea	*b_prev;		/* free list queue */
+	daddr_t	b_bno;
+	int	b_size;
+	int	b_errs;
+	int	b_flags;
+	union {
+		char	*b_buf;			/* buffer space */
+		daddr_t	*b_indir;		/* indirect block */
+		struct	fs *b_fs;		/* super block */
+		struct	cg *b_cg;		/* cylinder group */
+		struct	dinode *b_dinode;	/* inode block */
+	} b_un;
+	char	b_dirty;
+};
+
+#define	B_INUSE 1
+
+#define	MINBUFS		5	/* minimum number of buffers required */
+struct bufarea bufhead;		/* head of list of other blks in filesys */
+struct bufarea sblk;		/* file system superblock */
+struct bufarea cgblk;		/* cylinder group blocks */
+struct bufarea *pdirbp;		/* current directory contents */
+struct bufarea *pbp;		/* current inode block */
+struct bufarea *getdatablk();
+
+#define	dirty(bp)	(bp)->b_dirty = 1
+#define	initbarea(bp) \
+	(bp)->b_dirty = 0; \
+	(bp)->b_bno = (daddr_t)-1; \
+	(bp)->b_flags = 0;
+
+#define	sbdirty()	sblk.b_dirty = 1
+#define	cgdirty()	cgblk.b_dirty = 1
+#define	sblock		(*sblk.b_un.b_fs)
+#define	cgrp		(*cgblk.b_un.b_cg)
+
+enum fixstate {DONTKNOW, NOFIX, FIX, IGNORE};
+
+struct inodesc {
+	enum fixstate id_fix;	/* policy on fixing errors */
+	int (*id_func)();	/* function to be applied to blocks of inode */
+	ino_t id_number;	/* inode number described */
+	ino_t id_parent;	/* for DATA nodes, their parent */
+	daddr_t id_blkno;	/* current block number being examined */
+	int id_numfrags;	/* number of frags contained in block */
+	quad_t id_filesize;	/* for DATA nodes, the size of the directory */
+	int id_loc;		/* for DATA nodes, current location in dir */
+	int id_entryno;		/* for DATA nodes, current entry number */
+	struct direct *id_dirp;	/* for DATA nodes, ptr to current entry */
+	char *id_name;		/* for DATA nodes, name to find or enter */
+	char id_type;		/* type of descriptor, DATA or ADDR */
+};
+/* file types */
+#define	DATA	1
+#define	ADDR	2
+
+/*
+ * Linked list of duplicate blocks.
+ * 
+ * The list is composed of two parts. The first part of the
+ * list (from duplist through the node pointed to by muldup)
+ * contains a single copy of each duplicate block that has been 
+ * found. The second part of the list (from muldup to the end)
+ * contains duplicate blocks that have been found more than once.
+ * To check if a block has been found as a duplicate it is only
+ * necessary to search from duplist through muldup. To find the 
+ * total number of times that a block has been found as a duplicate
+ * the entire list must be searched for occurences of the block
+ * in question. The following diagram shows a sample list where
+ * w (found twice), x (found once), y (found three times), and z
+ * (found once) are duplicate block numbers:
+ *
+ *    w -> y -> x -> z -> y -> w -> y
+ *    ^		     ^
+ *    |		     |
+ * duplist	  muldup
+ */
+struct dups {
+	struct dups *next;
+	daddr_t dup;
+};
+struct dups *duplist;		/* head of dup list */
+struct dups *muldup;		/* end of unique duplicate dup block numbers */
+
+/*
+ * Linked list of inodes with zero link counts.
+ */
+struct zlncnt {
+	struct zlncnt *next;
+	ino_t zlncnt;
+};
+struct zlncnt *zlnhead;		/* head of zero link count list */
+
+/*
+ * Inode cache data structures.
+ */
+struct inoinfo {
+	struct	inoinfo *i_nexthash;	/* next entry in hash chain */
+	ino_t	i_number;		/* inode number of this entry */
+	ino_t	i_parent;		/* inode number of parent */
+	ino_t	i_dotdot;		/* inode number of `..' */
+	size_t	i_isize;		/* size of inode */
+	u_int	i_numblks;		/* size of block array in bytes */
+	daddr_t	i_blks[1];		/* actually longer */
+} **inphead, **inpsort;
+long numdirs, listmax, inplast;
+
+char	*cdevname;		/* name of device being checked */
+long	dev_bsize;		/* computed value of DEV_BSIZE */
+long	secsize;		/* actual disk sector size */
+char	nflag;			/* assume a no response */
+char	yflag;			/* assume a yes response */
+int	bflag;			/* location of alternate super block */
+int	debug;			/* output debugging info */
+int	cvtlevel;		/* convert to newer file system format */
+int	doinglevel1;		/* converting to new cylinder group format */
+int	doinglevel2;		/* converting to new inode format */
+int	newinofmt;		/* filesystem has new inode format */
+char	preen;			/* just fix normal inconsistencies */
+char	hotroot;		/* checking root device */
+char	havesb;			/* superblock has been read */
+int	fsmodified;		/* 1 => write done to file system */
+int	fsreadfd;		/* file descriptor for reading file system */
+int	fswritefd;		/* file descriptor for writing file system */
+
+daddr_t	maxfsblock;		/* number of blocks in the file system */
+char	*blockmap;		/* ptr to primary blk allocation map */
+ino_t	maxino;			/* number of inodes in file system */
+ino_t	lastino;		/* last inode in use */
+char	*statemap;		/* ptr to inode state table */
+char	*typemap;		/* ptr to inode type table */
+short	*lncntp;		/* ptr to link count table */
+
+ino_t	lfdir;			/* lost & found directory inode number */
+char	*lfname;		/* lost & found directory name */
+int	lfmode;			/* lost & found directory creation mode */
+
+daddr_t	n_blks;			/* number of blocks in use */
+daddr_t	n_files;		/* number of files in use */
+
+#define	clearinode(dp)	(*(dp) = zino)
+struct	dinode zino;
+
+#define	setbmap(blkno)	setbit(blockmap, blkno)
+#define	testbmap(blkno)	isset(blockmap, blkno)
+#define	clrbmap(blkno)	clrbit(blockmap, blkno)
+
+#define	STOP	0x01
+#define	SKIP	0x02
+#define	KEEPON	0x04
+#define	ALTERED	0x08
+#define	FOUND	0x10
+
+time_t time();
+struct dinode *ginode();
+struct inoinfo *getinoinfo();
+void getblk();
+ino_t allocino();
+int findino();
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/inode.c b/sbin/fsck/inode.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f1c1758f746a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/inode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)inode.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/18/94";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+static ino_t startinum;
+
+ckinode(dp, idesc)
+	struct dinode *dp;
+	register struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register daddr_t *ap;
+	long ret, n, ndb, offset;
+	struct dinode dino;
+	quad_t remsize, sizepb;
+	mode_t mode;
+
+	if (idesc->id_fix != IGNORE)
+		idesc->id_fix = DONTKNOW;
+	idesc->id_entryno = 0;
+	idesc->id_filesize = dp->di_size;
+	mode = dp->di_mode & IFMT;
+	if (mode == IFBLK || mode == IFCHR || (mode == IFLNK &&
+	    dp->di_size < sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen))
+		return (KEEPON);
+	dino = *dp;
+	ndb = howmany(dino.di_size, sblock.fs_bsize);
+	for (ap = &dino.di_db[0]; ap < &dino.di_db[NDADDR]; ap++) {
+		if (--ndb == 0 && (offset = blkoff(&sblock, dino.di_size)) != 0)
+			idesc->id_numfrags =
+				numfrags(&sblock, fragroundup(&sblock, offset));
+		else
+			idesc->id_numfrags = sblock.fs_frag;
+		if (*ap == 0)
+			continue;
+		idesc->id_blkno = *ap;
+		if (idesc->id_type == ADDR)
+			ret = (*idesc->id_func)(idesc);
+		else
+			ret = dirscan(idesc);
+		if (ret & STOP)
+			return (ret);
+	}
+	idesc->id_numfrags = sblock.fs_frag;
+	remsize = dino.di_size - sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR;
+	sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize;
+	for (ap = &dino.di_ib[0], n = 1; n <= NIADDR; ap++, n++) {
+		if (*ap) {
+			idesc->id_blkno = *ap;
+			ret = iblock(idesc, n, remsize);
+			if (ret & STOP)
+				return (ret);
+		}
+		sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
+		remsize -= sizepb;
+	}
+	return (KEEPON);
+}
+
+iblock(idesc, ilevel, isize)
+	struct inodesc *idesc;
+	long ilevel;
+	quad_t isize;
+{
+	register daddr_t *ap;
+	register daddr_t *aplim;
+	register struct bufarea *bp;
+	int i, n, (*func)(), nif;
+	quad_t sizepb;
+	char buf[BUFSIZ];
+	extern int dirscan(), pass1check();
+
+	if (idesc->id_type == ADDR) {
+		func = idesc->id_func;
+		if (((n = (*func)(idesc)) & KEEPON) == 0)
+			return (n);
+	} else
+		func = dirscan;
+	if (chkrange(idesc->id_blkno, idesc->id_numfrags))
+		return (SKIP);
+	bp = getdatablk(idesc->id_blkno, sblock.fs_bsize);
+	ilevel--;
+	for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < ilevel; i++)
+		sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
+	nif = howmany(isize , sizepb);
+	if (nif > NINDIR(&sblock))
+		nif = NINDIR(&sblock);
+	if (idesc->id_func == pass1check && nif < NINDIR(&sblock)) {
+		aplim = &bp->b_un.b_indir[NINDIR(&sblock)];
+		for (ap = &bp->b_un.b_indir[nif]; ap < aplim; ap++) {
+			if (*ap == 0)
+				continue;
+			(void)sprintf(buf, "PARTIALLY TRUNCATED INODE I=%lu",
+				idesc->id_number);
+			if (dofix(idesc, buf)) {
+				*ap = 0;
+				dirty(bp);
+			}
+		}
+		flush(fswritefd, bp);
+	}
+	aplim = &bp->b_un.b_indir[nif];
+	for (ap = bp->b_un.b_indir; ap < aplim; ap++) {
+		if (*ap) {
+			idesc->id_blkno = *ap;
+			if (ilevel == 0)
+				n = (*func)(idesc);
+			else
+				n = iblock(idesc, ilevel, isize);
+			if (n & STOP) {
+				bp->b_flags &= ~B_INUSE;
+				return (n);
+			}
+		}
+		isize -= sizepb;
+	}
+	bp->b_flags &= ~B_INUSE;
+	return (KEEPON);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that a block in a legal block number.
+ * Return 0 if in range, 1 if out of range.
+ */
+chkrange(blk, cnt)
+	daddr_t blk;
+	int cnt;
+{
+	register int c;
+
+	if ((unsigned)(blk + cnt) > maxfsblock)
+		return (1);
+	c = dtog(&sblock, blk);
+	if (blk < cgdmin(&sblock, c)) {
+		if ((blk + cnt) > cgsblock(&sblock, c)) {
+			if (debug) {
+				printf("blk %ld < cgdmin %ld;",
+				    blk, cgdmin(&sblock, c));
+				printf(" blk + cnt %ld > cgsbase %ld\n",
+				    blk + cnt, cgsblock(&sblock, c));
+			}
+			return (1);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if ((blk + cnt) > cgbase(&sblock, c+1)) {
+			if (debug)  {
+				printf("blk %ld >= cgdmin %ld;",
+				    blk, cgdmin(&sblock, c));
+				printf(" blk + cnt %ld > sblock.fs_fpg %ld\n",
+				    blk+cnt, sblock.fs_fpg);
+			}
+			return (1);
+		}
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * General purpose interface for reading inodes.
+ */
+struct dinode *
+ginode(inumber)
+	ino_t inumber;
+{
+	daddr_t iblk;
+
+	if (inumber < ROOTINO || inumber > maxino)
+		errexit("bad inode number %d to ginode\n", inumber);
+	if (startinum == 0 ||
+	    inumber < startinum || inumber >= startinum + INOPB(&sblock)) {
+		iblk = ino_to_fsba(&sblock, inumber);
+		if (pbp != 0)
+			pbp->b_flags &= ~B_INUSE;
+		pbp = getdatablk(iblk, sblock.fs_bsize);
+		startinum = (inumber / INOPB(&sblock)) * INOPB(&sblock);
+	}
+	return (&pbp->b_un.b_dinode[inumber % INOPB(&sblock)]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Special purpose version of ginode used to optimize first pass
+ * over all the inodes in numerical order.
+ */
+ino_t nextino, lastinum;
+long readcnt, readpercg, fullcnt, inobufsize, partialcnt, partialsize;
+struct dinode *inodebuf;
+
+struct dinode *
+getnextinode(inumber)
+	ino_t inumber;
+{
+	long size;
+	daddr_t dblk;
+	static struct dinode *dp;
+
+	if (inumber != nextino++ || inumber > maxino)
+		errexit("bad inode number %d to nextinode\n", inumber);
+	if (inumber >= lastinum) {
+		readcnt++;
+		dblk = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, lastinum));
+		if (readcnt % readpercg == 0) {
+			size = partialsize;
+			lastinum += partialcnt;
+		} else {
+			size = inobufsize;
+			lastinum += fullcnt;
+		}
+		(void)bread(fsreadfd, (char *)inodebuf, dblk, size); /* ??? */
+		dp = inodebuf;
+	}
+	return (dp++);
+}
+
+resetinodebuf()
+{
+
+	startinum = 0;
+	nextino = 0;
+	lastinum = 0;
+	readcnt = 0;
+	inobufsize = blkroundup(&sblock, INOBUFSIZE);
+	fullcnt = inobufsize / sizeof(struct dinode);
+	readpercg = sblock.fs_ipg / fullcnt;
+	partialcnt = sblock.fs_ipg % fullcnt;
+	partialsize = partialcnt * sizeof(struct dinode);
+	if (partialcnt != 0) {
+		readpercg++;
+	} else {
+		partialcnt = fullcnt;
+		partialsize = inobufsize;
+	}
+	if (inodebuf == NULL &&
+	    (inodebuf = (struct dinode *)malloc((unsigned)inobufsize)) == NULL)
+		errexit("Cannot allocate space for inode buffer\n");
+	while (nextino < ROOTINO)
+		(void)getnextinode(nextino);
+}
+
+freeinodebuf()
+{
+
+	if (inodebuf != NULL)
+		free((char *)inodebuf);
+	inodebuf = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Routines to maintain information about directory inodes.
+ * This is built during the first pass and used during the
+ * second and third passes.
+ *
+ * Enter inodes into the cache.
+ */
+cacheino(dp, inumber)
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	ino_t inumber;
+{
+	register struct inoinfo *inp;
+	struct inoinfo **inpp;
+	unsigned int blks;
+
+	blks = howmany(dp->di_size, sblock.fs_bsize);
+	if (blks > NDADDR)
+		blks = NDADDR + NIADDR;
+	inp = (struct inoinfo *)
+		malloc(sizeof(*inp) + (blks - 1) * sizeof(daddr_t));
+	if (inp == NULL)
+		return;
+	inpp = &inphead[inumber % numdirs];
+	inp->i_nexthash = *inpp;
+	*inpp = inp;
+	inp->i_parent = (ino_t)0;
+	inp->i_dotdot = (ino_t)0;
+	inp->i_number = inumber;
+	inp->i_isize = dp->di_size;
+	inp->i_numblks = blks * sizeof(daddr_t);
+	bcopy((char *)&dp->di_db[0], (char *)&inp->i_blks[0],
+	    (size_t)inp->i_numblks);
+	if (inplast == listmax) {
+		listmax += 100;
+		inpsort = (struct inoinfo **)realloc((char *)inpsort,
+		    (unsigned)listmax * sizeof(struct inoinfo *));
+		if (inpsort == NULL)
+			errexit("cannot increase directory list");
+	}
+	inpsort[inplast++] = inp;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Look up an inode cache structure.
+ */
+struct inoinfo *
+getinoinfo(inumber)
+	ino_t inumber;
+{
+	register struct inoinfo *inp;
+
+	for (inp = inphead[inumber % numdirs]; inp; inp = inp->i_nexthash) {
+		if (inp->i_number != inumber)
+			continue;
+		return (inp);
+	}
+	errexit("cannot find inode %d\n", inumber);
+	return ((struct inoinfo *)0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clean up all the inode cache structure.
+ */
+inocleanup()
+{
+	register struct inoinfo **inpp;
+
+	if (inphead == NULL)
+		return;
+	for (inpp = &inpsort[inplast - 1]; inpp >= inpsort; inpp--)
+		free((char *)(*inpp));
+	free((char *)inphead);
+	free((char *)inpsort);
+	inphead = inpsort = NULL;
+}
+	
+inodirty()
+{
+	
+	dirty(pbp);
+}
+
+clri(idesc, type, flag)
+	register struct inodesc *idesc;
+	char *type;
+	int flag;
+{
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+
+	dp = ginode(idesc->id_number);
+	if (flag == 1) {
+		pwarn("%s %s", type,
+		    (dp->di_mode & IFMT) == IFDIR ? "DIR" : "FILE");
+		pinode(idesc->id_number);
+	}
+	if (preen || reply("CLEAR") == 1) {
+		if (preen)
+			printf(" (CLEARED)\n");
+		n_files--;
+		(void)ckinode(dp, idesc);
+		clearinode(dp);
+		statemap[idesc->id_number] = USTATE;
+		inodirty();
+	}
+}
+
+findname(idesc)
+	struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register struct direct *dirp = idesc->id_dirp;
+
+	if (dirp->d_ino != idesc->id_parent)
+		return (KEEPON);
+	bcopy(dirp->d_name, idesc->id_name, (size_t)dirp->d_namlen + 1);
+	return (STOP|FOUND);
+}
+
+findino(idesc)
+	struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register struct direct *dirp = idesc->id_dirp;
+
+	if (dirp->d_ino == 0)
+		return (KEEPON);
+	if (strcmp(dirp->d_name, idesc->id_name) == 0 &&
+	    dirp->d_ino >= ROOTINO && dirp->d_ino <= maxino) {
+		idesc->id_parent = dirp->d_ino;
+		return (STOP|FOUND);
+	}
+	return (KEEPON);
+}
+
+pinode(ino)
+	ino_t ino;
+{
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	register char *p;
+	struct passwd *pw;
+	char *ctime();
+
+	printf(" I=%lu ", ino);
+	if (ino < ROOTINO || ino > maxino)
+		return;
+	dp = ginode(ino);
+	printf(" OWNER=");
+	if ((pw = getpwuid((int)dp->di_uid)) != 0)
+		printf("%s ", pw->pw_name);
+	else
+		printf("%u ", (unsigned)dp->di_uid);
+	printf("MODE=%o\n", dp->di_mode);
+	if (preen)
+		printf("%s: ", cdevname);
+	printf("SIZE=%qu ", dp->di_size);
+	p = ctime(&dp->di_mtime.ts_sec);
+	printf("MTIME=%12.12s %4.4s ", &p[4], &p[20]);
+}
+
+blkerror(ino, type, blk)
+	ino_t ino;
+	char *type;
+	daddr_t blk;
+{
+
+	pfatal("%ld %s I=%lu", blk, type, ino);
+	printf("\n");
+	switch (statemap[ino]) {
+
+	case FSTATE:
+		statemap[ino] = FCLEAR;
+		return;
+
+	case DSTATE:
+		statemap[ino] = DCLEAR;
+		return;
+
+	case FCLEAR:
+	case DCLEAR:
+		return;
+
+	default:
+		errexit("BAD STATE %d TO BLKERR", statemap[ino]);
+		/* NOTREACHED */
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * allocate an unused inode
+ */
+ino_t
+allocino(request, type)
+	ino_t request;
+	int type;
+{
+	register ino_t ino;
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+
+	if (request == 0)
+		request = ROOTINO;
+	else if (statemap[request] != USTATE)
+		return (0);
+	for (ino = request; ino < maxino; ino++)
+		if (statemap[ino] == USTATE)
+			break;
+	if (ino == maxino)
+		return (0);
+	switch (type & IFMT) {
+	case IFDIR:
+		statemap[ino] = DSTATE;
+		break;
+	case IFREG:
+	case IFLNK:
+		statemap[ino] = FSTATE;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return (0);
+	}
+	dp = ginode(ino);
+	dp->di_db[0] = allocblk((long)1);
+	if (dp->di_db[0] == 0) {
+		statemap[ino] = USTATE;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	dp->di_mode = type;
+	(void)time(&dp->di_atime.ts_sec);
+	dp->di_mtime = dp->di_ctime = dp->di_atime;
+	dp->di_size = sblock.fs_fsize;
+	dp->di_blocks = btodb(sblock.fs_fsize);
+	n_files++;
+	inodirty();
+	if (newinofmt)
+		typemap[ino] = IFTODT(type);
+	return (ino);
+}
+
+/*
+ * deallocate an inode
+ */
+freeino(ino)
+	ino_t ino;
+{
+	struct inodesc idesc;
+	extern int pass4check();
+	struct dinode *dp;
+
+	bzero((char *)&idesc, sizeof(struct inodesc));
+	idesc.id_type = ADDR;
+	idesc.id_func = pass4check;
+	idesc.id_number = ino;
+	dp = ginode(ino);
+	(void)ckinode(dp, &idesc);
+	clearinode(dp);
+	inodirty();
+	statemap[ino] = USTATE;
+	n_files--;
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/main.c b/sbin/fsck/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2e69715fecf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)main.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 1/23/94";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <fstab.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+void	catch(), catchquit(), voidquit();
+int	returntosingle;
+
+main(argc, argv)
+	int	argc;
+	char	*argv[];
+{
+	int ch;
+	int ret, maxrun = 0;
+	extern int docheck(), checkfilesys();
+	extern char *optarg, *blockcheck();
+	extern int optind;
+
+	sync();
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "dpnNyYb:c:l:m:")) != EOF) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case 'p':
+			preen++;
+			break;
+
+		case 'b':
+			bflag = argtoi('b', "number", optarg, 10);
+			printf("Alternate super block location: %d\n", bflag);
+			break;
+
+		case 'c':
+			cvtlevel = argtoi('c', "conversion level", optarg, 10);
+			break;
+		
+		case 'd':
+			debug++;
+			break;
+
+		case 'l':
+			maxrun = argtoi('l', "number", optarg, 10);
+			break;
+
+		case 'm':
+			lfmode = argtoi('m', "mode", optarg, 8);
+			if (lfmode &~ 07777)
+				errexit("bad mode to -m: %o\n", lfmode);
+			printf("** lost+found creation mode %o\n", lfmode);
+			break;
+
+		case 'n':
+		case 'N':
+			nflag++;
+			yflag = 0;
+			break;
+
+		case 'y':
+		case 'Y':
+			yflag++;
+			nflag = 0;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			errexit("%c option?\n", ch);
+		}
+	}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+	if (signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
+		(void)signal(SIGINT, catch);
+	if (preen)
+		(void)signal(SIGQUIT, catchquit);
+	if (argc) {
+		while (argc-- > 0)
+			(void)checkfilesys(blockcheck(*argv++), 0, 0L, 0);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	ret = checkfstab(preen, maxrun, docheck, checkfilesys);
+	if (returntosingle)
+		exit(2);
+	exit(ret);
+}
+
+argtoi(flag, req, str, base)
+	int flag;
+	char *req, *str;
+	int base;
+{
+	char *cp;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = (int)strtol(str, &cp, base);
+	if (cp == str || *cp)
+		errexit("-%c flag requires a %s\n", flag, req);
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Determine whether a filesystem should be checked.
+ */
+docheck(fsp)
+	register struct fstab *fsp;
+{
+
+	if (strcmp(fsp->fs_vfstype, "ufs") ||
+	    (strcmp(fsp->fs_type, FSTAB_RW) &&
+	     strcmp(fsp->fs_type, FSTAB_RO)) ||
+	    fsp->fs_passno == 0)
+		return (0);
+	return (1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check the specified filesystem.
+ */
+/* ARGSUSED */
+checkfilesys(filesys, mntpt, auxdata, child)
+	char *filesys, *mntpt;
+	long auxdata;
+{
+	daddr_t n_ffree, n_bfree;
+	struct dups *dp;
+	struct zlncnt *zlnp;
+	int cylno;
+
+	if (preen && child)
+		(void)signal(SIGQUIT, voidquit);
+	cdevname = filesys;
+	if (debug && preen)
+		pwarn("starting\n");
+	if (setup(filesys) == 0) {
+		if (preen)
+			pfatal("CAN'T CHECK FILE SYSTEM.");
+		return (0);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * 1: scan inodes tallying blocks used
+	 */
+	if (preen == 0) {
+		printf("** Last Mounted on %s\n", sblock.fs_fsmnt);
+		if (hotroot)
+			printf("** Root file system\n");
+		printf("** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes\n");
+	}
+	pass1();
+
+	/*
+	 * 1b: locate first references to duplicates, if any
+	 */
+	if (duplist) {
+		if (preen)
+			pfatal("INTERNAL ERROR: dups with -p");
+		printf("** Phase 1b - Rescan For More DUPS\n");
+		pass1b();
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * 2: traverse directories from root to mark all connected directories
+	 */
+	if (preen == 0)
+		printf("** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames\n");
+	pass2();
+
+	/*
+	 * 3: scan inodes looking for disconnected directories
+	 */
+	if (preen == 0)
+		printf("** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity\n");
+	pass3();
+
+	/*
+	 * 4: scan inodes looking for disconnected files; check reference counts
+	 */
+	if (preen == 0)
+		printf("** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts\n");
+	pass4();
+
+	/*
+	 * 5: check and repair resource counts in cylinder groups
+	 */
+	if (preen == 0)
+		printf("** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups\n");
+	pass5();
+
+	/*
+	 * print out summary statistics
+	 */
+	n_ffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
+	n_bfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
+	pwarn("%ld files, %ld used, %ld free ",
+	    n_files, n_blks, n_ffree + sblock.fs_frag * n_bfree);
+	printf("(%ld frags, %ld blocks, %d.%d%% fragmentation)\n",
+	    n_ffree, n_bfree, (n_ffree * 100) / sblock.fs_dsize,
+	    ((n_ffree * 1000 + sblock.fs_dsize / 2) / sblock.fs_dsize) % 10);
+	if (debug &&
+	    (n_files -= maxino - ROOTINO - sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree))
+		printf("%ld files missing\n", n_files);
+	if (debug) {
+		n_blks += sblock.fs_ncg *
+			(cgdmin(&sblock, 0) - cgsblock(&sblock, 0));
+		n_blks += cgsblock(&sblock, 0) - cgbase(&sblock, 0);
+		n_blks += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
+		if (n_blks -= maxfsblock - (n_ffree + sblock.fs_frag * n_bfree))
+			printf("%ld blocks missing\n", n_blks);
+		if (duplist != NULL) {
+			printf("The following duplicate blocks remain:");
+			for (dp = duplist; dp; dp = dp->next)
+				printf(" %ld,", dp->dup);
+			printf("\n");
+		}
+		if (zlnhead != NULL) {
+			printf("The following zero link count inodes remain:");
+			for (zlnp = zlnhead; zlnp; zlnp = zlnp->next)
+				printf(" %lu,", zlnp->zlncnt);
+			printf("\n");
+		}
+	}
+	zlnhead = (struct zlncnt *)0;
+	duplist = (struct dups *)0;
+	muldup = (struct dups *)0;
+	inocleanup();
+	if (fsmodified) {
+		(void)time(&sblock.fs_time);
+		sbdirty();
+	}
+	if (cvtlevel && sblk.b_dirty) {
+		/* 
+		 * Write out the duplicate super blocks
+		 */
+		for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
+			bwrite(fswritefd, (char *)&sblock,
+			    fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), SBSIZE);
+	}
+	ckfini();
+	free(blockmap);
+	free(statemap);
+	free((char *)lncntp);
+	if (!fsmodified)
+		return (0);
+	if (!preen)
+		printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****\n");
+	if (hotroot) {
+		struct statfs stfs_buf;
+		/*
+		 * We modified the root.  Do a mount update on
+		 * it, unless it is read-write, so we can continue.
+		 */
+		if (statfs("/", &stfs_buf) == 0) {
+			long flags = stfs_buf.f_flags;
+			struct ufs_args args;
+			int ret;
+
+			if (flags & MNT_RDONLY) {
+				args.fspec = 0;
+				args.export.ex_flags = 0;
+				args.export.ex_root = 0;
+				flags |= MNT_UPDATE | MNT_RELOAD;
+				ret = mount(MOUNT_UFS, "/", flags, &args);
+				if (ret == 0)
+					return(0);
+			}
+		}
+		if (!preen)
+			printf("\n***** REBOOT NOW *****\n");
+		sync();
+		return (4);
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/pass1.c b/sbin/fsck/pass1.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ca255fe78579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/pass1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)pass1.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+static daddr_t badblk;
+static daddr_t dupblk;
+int pass1check();
+struct dinode *getnextinode();
+
+pass1()
+{
+	ino_t inumber;
+	int c, i, cgd;
+	struct inodesc idesc;
+
+	/*
+	 * Set file system reserved blocks in used block map.
+	 */
+	for (c = 0; c < sblock.fs_ncg; c++) {
+		cgd = cgdmin(&sblock, c);
+		if (c == 0) {
+			i = cgbase(&sblock, c);
+			cgd += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
+		} else
+			i = cgsblock(&sblock, c);
+		for (; i < cgd; i++)
+			setbmap(i);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Find all allocated blocks.
+	 */
+	bzero((char *)&idesc, sizeof(struct inodesc));
+	idesc.id_type = ADDR;
+	idesc.id_func = pass1check;
+	inumber = 0;
+	n_files = n_blks = 0;
+	resetinodebuf();
+	for (c = 0; c < sblock.fs_ncg; c++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ipg; i++, inumber++) {
+			if (inumber < ROOTINO)
+				continue;
+			checkinode(inumber, &idesc);
+		}
+	}
+	freeinodebuf();
+}
+
+checkinode(inumber, idesc)
+	ino_t inumber;
+	register struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	struct zlncnt *zlnp;
+	int ndb, j;
+	mode_t mode;
+	char symbuf[MAXSYMLINKLEN];
+
+	dp = getnextinode(inumber);
+	mode = dp->di_mode & IFMT;
+	if (mode == 0) {
+		if (bcmp((char *)dp->di_db, (char *)zino.di_db,
+			NDADDR * sizeof(daddr_t)) ||
+		    bcmp((char *)dp->di_ib, (char *)zino.di_ib,
+			NIADDR * sizeof(daddr_t)) ||
+		    dp->di_mode || dp->di_size) {
+			pfatal("PARTIALLY ALLOCATED INODE I=%lu", inumber);
+			if (reply("CLEAR") == 1) {
+				dp = ginode(inumber);
+				clearinode(dp);
+				inodirty();
+			}
+		}
+		statemap[inumber] = USTATE;
+		return;
+	}
+	lastino = inumber;
+	if (/* dp->di_size < 0 || */
+	    dp->di_size + sblock.fs_bsize - 1 < dp->di_size) {
+		if (debug)
+			printf("bad size %qu:", dp->di_size);
+		goto unknown;
+	}
+	if (!preen && mode == IFMT && reply("HOLD BAD BLOCK") == 1) {
+		dp = ginode(inumber);
+		dp->di_size = sblock.fs_fsize;
+		dp->di_mode = IFREG|0600;
+		inodirty();
+	}
+	ndb = howmany(dp->di_size, sblock.fs_bsize);
+	if (ndb < 0) {
+		if (debug)
+			printf("bad size %qu ndb %d:",
+				dp->di_size, ndb);
+		goto unknown;
+	}
+	if (mode == IFBLK || mode == IFCHR)
+		ndb++;
+	if (mode == IFLNK) {
+		if (doinglevel2 &&
+		    dp->di_size > 0 && dp->di_size < MAXSYMLINKLEN &&
+		    dp->di_blocks != 0) {
+			if (bread(fsreadfd, symbuf,
+			    fsbtodb(&sblock, dp->di_db[0]),
+			    (long)dp->di_size) != 0)
+				errexit("cannot read symlink");
+			if (debug) {
+				symbuf[dp->di_size] = 0;
+				printf("convert symlink %d(%s) of size %d\n",
+					inumber, symbuf, (long)dp->di_size);
+			}
+			dp = ginode(inumber);
+			bcopy(symbuf, (caddr_t)dp->di_shortlink,
+			    (long)dp->di_size);
+			dp->di_blocks = 0;
+			inodirty();
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Fake ndb value so direct/indirect block checks below
+		 * will detect any garbage after symlink string.
+		 */
+		if (dp->di_size < sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen) {
+			ndb = howmany(dp->di_size, sizeof(daddr_t));
+			if (ndb > NDADDR) {
+				j = ndb - NDADDR;
+				for (ndb = 1; j > 1; j--)
+					ndb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
+				ndb += NDADDR;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for (j = ndb; j < NDADDR; j++)
+		if (dp->di_db[j] != 0) {
+			if (debug)
+				printf("bad direct addr: %ld\n", dp->di_db[j]);
+			goto unknown;
+		}
+	for (j = 0, ndb -= NDADDR; ndb > 0; j++)
+		ndb /= NINDIR(&sblock);
+	for (; j < NIADDR; j++)
+		if (dp->di_ib[j] != 0) {
+			if (debug)
+				printf("bad indirect addr: %ld\n",
+					dp->di_ib[j]);
+			goto unknown;
+		}
+	if (ftypeok(dp) == 0)
+		goto unknown;
+	n_files++;
+	lncntp[inumber] = dp->di_nlink;
+	if (dp->di_nlink <= 0) {
+		zlnp = (struct zlncnt *)malloc(sizeof *zlnp);
+		if (zlnp == NULL) {
+			pfatal("LINK COUNT TABLE OVERFLOW");
+			if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0)
+				errexit("");
+		} else {
+			zlnp->zlncnt = inumber;
+			zlnp->next = zlnhead;
+			zlnhead = zlnp;
+		}
+	}
+	if (mode == IFDIR) {
+		if (dp->di_size == 0)
+			statemap[inumber] = DCLEAR;
+		else
+			statemap[inumber] = DSTATE;
+		cacheino(dp, inumber);
+	} else
+		statemap[inumber] = FSTATE;
+	typemap[inumber] = IFTODT(mode);
+	if (doinglevel2 &&
+	    (dp->di_ouid != (u_short)-1 || dp->di_ogid != (u_short)-1)) {
+		dp = ginode(inumber);
+		dp->di_uid = dp->di_ouid;
+		dp->di_ouid = -1;
+		dp->di_gid = dp->di_ogid;
+		dp->di_ogid = -1;
+		inodirty();
+	}
+	badblk = dupblk = 0;
+	idesc->id_number = inumber;
+	(void)ckinode(dp, idesc);
+	idesc->id_entryno *= btodb(sblock.fs_fsize);
+	if (dp->di_blocks != idesc->id_entryno) {
+		pwarn("INCORRECT BLOCK COUNT I=%lu (%ld should be %ld)",
+		    inumber, dp->di_blocks, idesc->id_entryno);
+		if (preen)
+			printf(" (CORRECTED)\n");
+		else if (reply("CORRECT") == 0)
+			return;
+		dp = ginode(inumber);
+		dp->di_blocks = idesc->id_entryno;
+		inodirty();
+	}
+	return;
+unknown:
+	pfatal("UNKNOWN FILE TYPE I=%lu", inumber);
+	statemap[inumber] = FCLEAR;
+	if (reply("CLEAR") == 1) {
+		statemap[inumber] = USTATE;
+		dp = ginode(inumber);
+		clearinode(dp);
+		inodirty();
+	}
+}
+
+pass1check(idesc)
+	register struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	int res = KEEPON;
+	int anyout, nfrags;
+	daddr_t blkno = idesc->id_blkno;
+	register struct dups *dlp;
+	struct dups *new;
+
+	if ((anyout = chkrange(blkno, idesc->id_numfrags)) != 0) {
+		blkerror(idesc->id_number, "BAD", blkno);
+		if (badblk++ >= MAXBAD) {
+			pwarn("EXCESSIVE BAD BLKS I=%lu",
+				idesc->id_number);
+			if (preen)
+				printf(" (SKIPPING)\n");
+			else if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0)
+				errexit("");
+			return (STOP);
+		}
+	}
+	for (nfrags = idesc->id_numfrags; nfrags > 0; blkno++, nfrags--) {
+		if (anyout && chkrange(blkno, 1)) {
+			res = SKIP;
+		} else if (!testbmap(blkno)) {
+			n_blks++;
+			setbmap(blkno);
+		} else {
+			blkerror(idesc->id_number, "DUP", blkno);
+			if (dupblk++ >= MAXDUP) {
+				pwarn("EXCESSIVE DUP BLKS I=%lu",
+					idesc->id_number);
+				if (preen)
+					printf(" (SKIPPING)\n");
+				else if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0)
+					errexit("");
+				return (STOP);
+			}
+			new = (struct dups *)malloc(sizeof(struct dups));
+			if (new == NULL) {
+				pfatal("DUP TABLE OVERFLOW.");
+				if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0)
+					errexit("");
+				return (STOP);
+			}
+			new->dup = blkno;
+			if (muldup == 0) {
+				duplist = muldup = new;
+				new->next = 0;
+			} else {
+				new->next = muldup->next;
+				muldup->next = new;
+			}
+			for (dlp = duplist; dlp != muldup; dlp = dlp->next)
+				if (dlp->dup == blkno)
+					break;
+			if (dlp == muldup && dlp->dup != blkno)
+				muldup = new;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * count the number of blocks found in id_entryno
+		 */
+		idesc->id_entryno++;
+	}
+	return (res);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/pass1b.c b/sbin/fsck/pass1b.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..27b2dfd6238c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/pass1b.c
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)pass1b.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+int	pass1bcheck();
+static  struct dups *duphead;
+
+pass1b()
+{
+	register int c, i;
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	struct inodesc idesc;
+	ino_t inumber;
+
+	bzero((char *)&idesc, sizeof(struct inodesc));
+	idesc.id_type = ADDR;
+	idesc.id_func = pass1bcheck;
+	duphead = duplist;
+	inumber = 0;
+	for (c = 0; c < sblock.fs_ncg; c++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ipg; i++, inumber++) {
+			if (inumber < ROOTINO)
+				continue;
+			dp = ginode(inumber);
+			if (dp == NULL)
+				continue;
+			idesc.id_number = inumber;
+			if (statemap[inumber] != USTATE &&
+			    (ckinode(dp, &idesc) & STOP))
+				return;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pass1bcheck(idesc)
+	register struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register struct dups *dlp;
+	int nfrags, res = KEEPON;
+	daddr_t blkno = idesc->id_blkno;
+
+	for (nfrags = idesc->id_numfrags; nfrags > 0; blkno++, nfrags--) {
+		if (chkrange(blkno, 1))
+			res = SKIP;
+		for (dlp = duphead; dlp; dlp = dlp->next) {
+			if (dlp->dup == blkno) {
+				blkerror(idesc->id_number, "DUP", blkno);
+				dlp->dup = duphead->dup;
+				duphead->dup = blkno;
+				duphead = duphead->next;
+			}
+			if (dlp == muldup)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (muldup == 0 || duphead == muldup->next)
+			return (STOP);
+	}
+	return (res);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/pass2.c b/sbin/fsck/pass2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..631475174372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/pass2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)pass2.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 2/27/94";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+#define MINDIRSIZE	(sizeof (struct dirtemplate))
+
+int	pass2check(), blksort();
+
+pass2()
+{
+	register struct dinode *dp;
+	register struct inoinfo **inpp, *inp;
+	struct inoinfo **inpend;
+	struct inodesc curino;
+	struct dinode dino;
+	char pathbuf[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
+
+	switch (statemap[ROOTINO]) {
+
+	case USTATE:
+		pfatal("ROOT INODE UNALLOCATED");
+		if (reply("ALLOCATE") == 0)
+			errexit("");
+		if (allocdir(ROOTINO, ROOTINO, 0755) != ROOTINO)
+			errexit("CANNOT ALLOCATE ROOT INODE\n");
+		break;
+
+	case DCLEAR:
+		pfatal("DUPS/BAD IN ROOT INODE");
+		if (reply("REALLOCATE")) {
+			freeino(ROOTINO);
+			if (allocdir(ROOTINO, ROOTINO, 0755) != ROOTINO)
+				errexit("CANNOT ALLOCATE ROOT INODE\n");
+			break;
+		}
+		if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0)
+			errexit("");
+		break;
+
+	case FSTATE:
+	case FCLEAR:
+		pfatal("ROOT INODE NOT DIRECTORY");
+		if (reply("REALLOCATE")) {
+			freeino(ROOTINO);
+			if (allocdir(ROOTINO, ROOTINO, 0755) != ROOTINO)
+				errexit("CANNOT ALLOCATE ROOT INODE\n");
+			break;
+		}
+		if (reply("FIX") == 0)
+			errexit("");
+		dp = ginode(ROOTINO);
+		dp->di_mode &= ~IFMT;
+		dp->di_mode |= IFDIR;
+		inodirty();
+		break;
+
+	case DSTATE:
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		errexit("BAD STATE %d FOR ROOT INODE", statemap[ROOTINO]);
+	}
+	statemap[ROOTINO] = DFOUND;
+	/*
+	 * Sort the directory list into disk block order.
+	 */
+	qsort((char *)inpsort, (size_t)inplast, sizeof *inpsort, blksort);
+	/*
+	 * Check the integrity of each directory.
+	 */
+	bzero((char *)&curino, sizeof(struct inodesc));
+	curino.id_type = DATA;
+	curino.id_func = pass2check;
+	dp = &dino;
+	inpend = &inpsort[inplast];
+	for (inpp = inpsort; inpp < inpend; inpp++) {
+		inp = *inpp;
+		if (inp->i_isize == 0)
+			continue;
+		if (inp->i_isize < MINDIRSIZE) {
+			direrror(inp->i_number, "DIRECTORY TOO SHORT");
+			inp->i_isize = roundup(MINDIRSIZE, DIRBLKSIZ);
+			if (reply("FIX") == 1) {
+				dp = ginode(inp->i_number);
+				dp->di_size = inp->i_isize;
+				inodirty();
+				dp = &dino;
+			}
+		} else if ((inp->i_isize & (DIRBLKSIZ - 1)) != 0) {
+			getpathname(pathbuf, inp->i_number, inp->i_number);
+			pwarn("DIRECTORY %s: LENGTH %d NOT MULTIPLE OF %d",
+				pathbuf, inp->i_isize, DIRBLKSIZ);
+			if (preen)
+				printf(" (ADJUSTED)\n");
+			inp->i_isize = roundup(inp->i_isize, DIRBLKSIZ);
+			if (preen || reply("ADJUST") == 1) {
+				dp = ginode(inp->i_number);
+				dp->di_size = roundup(inp->i_isize, DIRBLKSIZ);
+				inodirty();
+				dp = &dino;
+			}
+		}
+		bzero((char *)&dino, sizeof(struct dinode));
+		dino.di_mode = IFDIR;
+		dp->di_size = inp->i_isize;
+		bcopy((char *)&inp->i_blks[0], (char *)&dp->di_db[0],
+			(size_t)inp->i_numblks);
+		curino.id_number = inp->i_number;
+		curino.id_parent = inp->i_parent;
+		(void)ckinode(dp, &curino);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Now that the parents of all directories have been found,
+	 * make another pass to verify the value of `..'
+	 */
+	for (inpp = inpsort; inpp < inpend; inpp++) {
+		inp = *inpp;
+		if (inp->i_parent == 0 || inp->i_isize == 0)
+			continue;
+		if (statemap[inp->i_parent] == DFOUND &&
+		    statemap[inp->i_number] == DSTATE)
+			statemap[inp->i_number] = DFOUND;
+		if (inp->i_dotdot == inp->i_parent ||
+		    inp->i_dotdot == (ino_t)-1)
+			continue;
+		if (inp->i_dotdot == 0) {
+			inp->i_dotdot = inp->i_parent;
+			fileerror(inp->i_parent, inp->i_number, "MISSING '..'");
+			if (reply("FIX") == 0)
+				continue;
+			(void)makeentry(inp->i_number, inp->i_parent, "..");
+			lncntp[inp->i_parent]--;
+			continue;
+		}
+		fileerror(inp->i_parent, inp->i_number,
+		    "BAD INODE NUMBER FOR '..'");
+		if (reply("FIX") == 0)
+			continue;
+		lncntp[inp->i_dotdot]++;
+		lncntp[inp->i_parent]--;
+		inp->i_dotdot = inp->i_parent;
+		(void)changeino(inp->i_number, "..", inp->i_parent);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Mark all the directories that can be found from the root.
+	 */
+	propagate();
+}
+
+pass2check(idesc)
+	struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register struct direct *dirp = idesc->id_dirp;
+	register struct inoinfo *inp;
+	int n, entrysize, ret = 0;
+	struct dinode *dp;
+	char *errmsg;
+	struct direct proto;
+	char namebuf[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
+	char pathbuf[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
+
+	/*
+	 * If converting, set directory entry type.
+	 */
+	if (doinglevel2 && dirp->d_ino > 0 && dirp->d_ino < maxino) {
+		dirp->d_type = typemap[dirp->d_ino];
+		ret |= ALTERED;
+	}
+	/* 
+	 * check for "."
+	 */
+	if (idesc->id_entryno != 0)
+		goto chk1;
+	if (dirp->d_ino != 0 && strcmp(dirp->d_name, ".") == 0) {
+		if (dirp->d_ino != idesc->id_number) {
+			direrror(idesc->id_number, "BAD INODE NUMBER FOR '.'");
+			dirp->d_ino = idesc->id_number;
+			if (reply("FIX") == 1)
+				ret |= ALTERED;
+		}
+		if (newinofmt && dirp->d_type != DT_DIR) {
+			direrror(idesc->id_number, "BAD TYPE VALUE FOR '.'");
+			dirp->d_type = DT_DIR;
+			if (reply("FIX") == 1)
+				ret |= ALTERED;
+		}
+		goto chk1;
+	}
+	direrror(idesc->id_number, "MISSING '.'");
+	proto.d_ino = idesc->id_number;
+	if (newinofmt)
+		proto.d_type = DT_DIR;
+	else
+		proto.d_type = 0;
+	proto.d_namlen = 1;
+	(void)strcpy(proto.d_name, ".");
+	entrysize = DIRSIZ(0, &proto);
+	if (dirp->d_ino != 0 && strcmp(dirp->d_name, "..") != 0) {
+		pfatal("CANNOT FIX, FIRST ENTRY IN DIRECTORY CONTAINS %s\n",
+			dirp->d_name);
+	} else if (dirp->d_reclen < entrysize) {
+		pfatal("CANNOT FIX, INSUFFICIENT SPACE TO ADD '.'\n");
+	} else if (dirp->d_reclen < 2 * entrysize) {
+		proto.d_reclen = dirp->d_reclen;
+		bcopy((char *)&proto, (char *)dirp, (size_t)entrysize);
+		if (reply("FIX") == 1)
+			ret |= ALTERED;
+	} else {
+		n = dirp->d_reclen - entrysize;
+		proto.d_reclen = entrysize;
+		bcopy((char *)&proto, (char *)dirp, (size_t)entrysize);
+		idesc->id_entryno++;
+		lncntp[dirp->d_ino]--;
+		dirp = (struct direct *)((char *)(dirp) + entrysize);
+		bzero((char *)dirp, (size_t)n);
+		dirp->d_reclen = n;
+		if (reply("FIX") == 1)
+			ret |= ALTERED;
+	}
+chk1:
+	if (idesc->id_entryno > 1)
+		goto chk2;
+	inp = getinoinfo(idesc->id_number);
+	proto.d_ino = inp->i_parent;
+	if (newinofmt)
+		proto.d_type = DT_DIR;
+	else
+		proto.d_type = 0;
+	proto.d_namlen = 2;
+	(void)strcpy(proto.d_name, "..");
+	entrysize = DIRSIZ(0, &proto);
+	if (idesc->id_entryno == 0) {
+		n = DIRSIZ(0, dirp);
+		if (dirp->d_reclen < n + entrysize)
+			goto chk2;
+		proto.d_reclen = dirp->d_reclen - n;
+		dirp->d_reclen = n;
+		idesc->id_entryno++;
+		lncntp[dirp->d_ino]--;
+		dirp = (struct direct *)((char *)(dirp) + n);
+		bzero((char *)dirp, (size_t)proto.d_reclen);
+		dirp->d_reclen = proto.d_reclen;
+	}
+	if (dirp->d_ino != 0 && strcmp(dirp->d_name, "..") == 0) {
+		inp->i_dotdot = dirp->d_ino;
+		if (newinofmt && dirp->d_type != DT_DIR) {
+			direrror(idesc->id_number, "BAD TYPE VALUE FOR '..'");
+			dirp->d_type = DT_DIR;
+			if (reply("FIX") == 1)
+				ret |= ALTERED;
+		}
+		goto chk2;
+	}
+	if (dirp->d_ino != 0 && strcmp(dirp->d_name, ".") != 0) {
+		fileerror(inp->i_parent, idesc->id_number, "MISSING '..'");
+		pfatal("CANNOT FIX, SECOND ENTRY IN DIRECTORY CONTAINS %s\n",
+			dirp->d_name);
+		inp->i_dotdot = (ino_t)-1;
+	} else if (dirp->d_reclen < entrysize) {
+		fileerror(inp->i_parent, idesc->id_number, "MISSING '..'");
+		pfatal("CANNOT FIX, INSUFFICIENT SPACE TO ADD '..'\n");
+		inp->i_dotdot = (ino_t)-1;
+	} else if (inp->i_parent != 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We know the parent, so fix now.
+		 */
+		inp->i_dotdot = inp->i_parent;
+		fileerror(inp->i_parent, idesc->id_number, "MISSING '..'");
+		proto.d_reclen = dirp->d_reclen;
+		bcopy((char *)&proto, (char *)dirp, (size_t)entrysize);
+		if (reply("FIX") == 1)
+			ret |= ALTERED;
+	}
+	idesc->id_entryno++;
+	if (dirp->d_ino != 0)
+		lncntp[dirp->d_ino]--;
+	return (ret|KEEPON);
+chk2:
+	if (dirp->d_ino == 0)
+		return (ret|KEEPON);
+	if (dirp->d_namlen <= 2 &&
+	    dirp->d_name[0] == '.' &&
+	    idesc->id_entryno >= 2) {
+		if (dirp->d_namlen == 1) {
+			direrror(idesc->id_number, "EXTRA '.' ENTRY");
+			dirp->d_ino = 0;
+			if (reply("FIX") == 1)
+				ret |= ALTERED;
+			return (KEEPON | ret);
+		}
+		if (dirp->d_name[1] == '.') {
+			direrror(idesc->id_number, "EXTRA '..' ENTRY");
+			dirp->d_ino = 0;
+			if (reply("FIX") == 1)
+				ret |= ALTERED;
+			return (KEEPON | ret);
+		}
+	}
+	idesc->id_entryno++;
+	n = 0;
+	if (dirp->d_ino > maxino) {
+		fileerror(idesc->id_number, dirp->d_ino, "I OUT OF RANGE");
+		n = reply("REMOVE");
+	} else {
+again:
+		switch (statemap[dirp->d_ino]) {
+		case USTATE:
+			if (idesc->id_entryno <= 2)
+				break;
+			fileerror(idesc->id_number, dirp->d_ino, "UNALLOCATED");
+			n = reply("REMOVE");
+			break;
+
+		case DCLEAR:
+		case FCLEAR:
+			if (idesc->id_entryno <= 2)
+				break;
+			if (statemap[dirp->d_ino] == FCLEAR)
+				errmsg = "DUP/BAD";
+			else if (!preen)
+				errmsg = "ZERO LENGTH DIRECTORY";
+			else {
+				n = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			fileerror(idesc->id_number, dirp->d_ino, errmsg);
+			if ((n = reply("REMOVE")) == 1)
+				break;
+			dp = ginode(dirp->d_ino);
+			statemap[dirp->d_ino] =
+			    (dp->di_mode & IFMT) == IFDIR ? DSTATE : FSTATE;
+			lncntp[dirp->d_ino] = dp->di_nlink;
+			goto again;
+
+		case DSTATE:
+			if (statemap[idesc->id_number] == DFOUND)
+				statemap[dirp->d_ino] = DFOUND;
+			/* fall through */
+
+		case DFOUND:
+			inp = getinoinfo(dirp->d_ino);
+			if (inp->i_parent != 0 && idesc->id_entryno > 2) {
+				getpathname(pathbuf, idesc->id_number,
+				    idesc->id_number);
+				getpathname(namebuf, dirp->d_ino, dirp->d_ino);
+				pwarn("%s %s %s\n", pathbuf,
+				    "IS AN EXTRANEOUS HARD LINK TO DIRECTORY",
+				    namebuf);
+				if (preen)
+					printf(" (IGNORED)\n");
+				else if ((n = reply("REMOVE")) == 1)
+					break;
+			}
+			if (idesc->id_entryno > 2)
+				inp->i_parent = idesc->id_number;
+			/* fall through */
+
+		case FSTATE:
+			if (newinofmt && dirp->d_type != typemap[dirp->d_ino]) {
+				fileerror(idesc->id_number, dirp->d_ino,
+				    "BAD TYPE VALUE");
+				dirp->d_type = typemap[dirp->d_ino];
+				if (reply("FIX") == 1)
+					ret |= ALTERED;
+			}
+			lncntp[dirp->d_ino]--;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			errexit("BAD STATE %d FOR INODE I=%d",
+			    statemap[dirp->d_ino], dirp->d_ino);
+		}
+	}
+	if (n == 0)
+		return (ret|KEEPON);
+	dirp->d_ino = 0;
+	return (ret|KEEPON|ALTERED);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Routine to sort disk blocks.
+ */
+blksort(inpp1, inpp2)
+	struct inoinfo **inpp1, **inpp2;
+{
+
+	return ((*inpp1)->i_blks[0] - (*inpp2)->i_blks[0]);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/pass3.c b/sbin/fsck/pass3.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5c6f09d041de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/pass3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)pass3.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+pass3()
+{
+	register struct inoinfo **inpp, *inp;
+	ino_t orphan;
+	int loopcnt;
+
+	for (inpp = &inpsort[inplast - 1]; inpp >= inpsort; inpp--) {
+		inp = *inpp;
+		if (inp->i_number == ROOTINO ||
+		    !(inp->i_parent == 0 || statemap[inp->i_number] == DSTATE))
+			continue;
+		if (statemap[inp->i_number] == DCLEAR)
+			continue;
+		for (loopcnt = 0; ; loopcnt++) {
+			orphan = inp->i_number;
+			if (inp->i_parent == 0 ||
+			    statemap[inp->i_parent] != DSTATE ||
+			    loopcnt > numdirs)
+				break;
+			inp = getinoinfo(inp->i_parent);
+		}
+		(void)linkup(orphan, inp->i_dotdot);
+		inp->i_parent = inp->i_dotdot = lfdir;
+		lncntp[lfdir]--;
+		statemap[orphan] = DFOUND;
+		propagate();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/pass4.c b/sbin/fsck/pass4.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7450530e8a4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/pass4.c
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)pass4.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+int	pass4check();
+
+pass4()
+{
+	register ino_t inumber;
+	register struct zlncnt *zlnp;
+	struct dinode *dp;
+	struct inodesc idesc;
+	int n;
+
+	bzero((char *)&idesc, sizeof(struct inodesc));
+	idesc.id_type = ADDR;
+	idesc.id_func = pass4check;
+	for (inumber = ROOTINO; inumber <= lastino; inumber++) {
+		idesc.id_number = inumber;
+		switch (statemap[inumber]) {
+
+		case FSTATE:
+		case DFOUND:
+			n = lncntp[inumber];
+			if (n)
+				adjust(&idesc, (short)n);
+			else {
+				for (zlnp = zlnhead; zlnp; zlnp = zlnp->next)
+					if (zlnp->zlncnt == inumber) {
+						zlnp->zlncnt = zlnhead->zlncnt;
+						zlnp = zlnhead;
+						zlnhead = zlnhead->next;
+						free((char *)zlnp);
+						clri(&idesc, "UNREF", 1);
+						break;
+					}
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case DSTATE:
+			clri(&idesc, "UNREF", 1);
+			break;
+
+		case DCLEAR:
+			dp = ginode(inumber);
+			if (dp->di_size == 0) {
+				clri(&idesc, "ZERO LENGTH", 1);
+				break;
+			}
+			/* fall through */
+		case FCLEAR:
+			clri(&idesc, "BAD/DUP", 1);
+			break;
+
+		case USTATE:
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			errexit("BAD STATE %d FOR INODE I=%d",
+			    statemap[inumber], inumber);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pass4check(idesc)
+	register struct inodesc *idesc;
+{
+	register struct dups *dlp;
+	int nfrags, res = KEEPON;
+	daddr_t blkno = idesc->id_blkno;
+
+	for (nfrags = idesc->id_numfrags; nfrags > 0; blkno++, nfrags--) {
+		if (chkrange(blkno, 1)) {
+			res = SKIP;
+		} else if (testbmap(blkno)) {
+			for (dlp = duplist; dlp; dlp = dlp->next) {
+				if (dlp->dup != blkno)
+					continue;
+				dlp->dup = duplist->dup;
+				dlp = duplist;
+				duplist = duplist->next;
+				free((char *)dlp);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (dlp == 0) {
+				clrbmap(blkno);
+				n_blks--;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return (res);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/pass5.c b/sbin/fsck/pass5.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2e98f96b5ca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/pass5.c
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)pass5.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 2/2/94";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+pass5()
+{
+	int c, blk, frags, basesize, sumsize, mapsize, savednrpos;
+	register struct fs *fs = &sblock;
+	register struct cg *cg = &cgrp;
+	daddr_t dbase, dmax;
+	register daddr_t d;
+	register long i, j;
+	struct csum *cs;
+	struct csum cstotal;
+	struct inodesc idesc[3];
+	char buf[MAXBSIZE];
+	register struct cg *newcg = (struct cg *)buf;
+	struct ocg *ocg = (struct ocg *)buf;
+
+	bzero((char *)newcg, (size_t)fs->fs_cgsize);
+	newcg->cg_niblk = fs->fs_ipg;
+	if (cvtlevel > 3) {
+		if (fs->fs_maxcontig < 2 && fs->fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
+			if (preen)
+				pwarn("DELETING CLUSTERING MAPS\n");
+			if (preen || reply("DELETE CLUSTERING MAPS")) {
+				fs->fs_contigsumsize = 0;
+				doinglevel1 = 1;
+				sbdirty();
+			}
+		}
+		if (fs->fs_maxcontig > 1) {
+			char *doit = 0;
+
+			if (fs->fs_contigsumsize < 1) {
+				doit = "CREAT";
+			} else if (fs->fs_contigsumsize < fs->fs_maxcontig &&
+				   fs->fs_contigsumsize < FS_MAXCONTIG) {
+				doit = "EXPAND";
+			}
+			if (doit) {
+				i = fs->fs_contigsumsize;
+				fs->fs_contigsumsize =
+				    MIN(fs->fs_maxcontig, FS_MAXCONTIG);
+				if (CGSIZE(fs) > fs->fs_bsize) {
+					pwarn("CANNOT %s CLUSTER MAPS\n", doit);
+					fs->fs_contigsumsize = i;
+				} else if (preen ||
+				    reply("CREATE CLUSTER MAPS")) {
+					if (preen)
+						pwarn("%sING CLUSTER MAPS\n",
+						    doit);
+					fs->fs_cgsize =
+					    fragroundup(fs, CGSIZE(fs));
+					doinglevel1 = 1;
+					sbdirty();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	switch ((int)fs->fs_postblformat) {
+
+	case FS_42POSTBLFMT:
+		basesize = (char *)(&ocg->cg_btot[0]) - (char *)(&ocg->cg_link);
+		sumsize = &ocg->cg_iused[0] - (char *)(&ocg->cg_btot[0]);
+		mapsize = &ocg->cg_free[howmany(fs->fs_fpg, NBBY)] -
+			(u_char *)&ocg->cg_iused[0];
+		ocg->cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
+		savednrpos = fs->fs_nrpos;
+		fs->fs_nrpos = 8;
+		break;
+
+	case FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT:
+		newcg->cg_btotoff =
+		     &newcg->cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&newcg->cg_link);
+		newcg->cg_boff =
+		    newcg->cg_btotoff + fs->fs_cpg * sizeof(long);
+		newcg->cg_iusedoff = newcg->cg_boff + 
+		    fs->fs_cpg * fs->fs_nrpos * sizeof(short);
+		newcg->cg_freeoff =
+		    newcg->cg_iusedoff + howmany(fs->fs_ipg, NBBY);
+		if (fs->fs_contigsumsize <= 0) {
+			newcg->cg_nextfreeoff = newcg->cg_freeoff +
+			    howmany(fs->fs_cpg * fs->fs_spc / NSPF(fs), NBBY);
+		} else {
+			newcg->cg_clustersumoff = newcg->cg_freeoff +
+			    howmany(fs->fs_cpg * fs->fs_spc / NSPF(fs), NBBY) -
+			    sizeof(long);
+			newcg->cg_clustersumoff =
+			    roundup(newcg->cg_clustersumoff, sizeof(long));
+			newcg->cg_clusteroff = newcg->cg_clustersumoff +
+			    (fs->fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(long);
+			newcg->cg_nextfreeoff = newcg->cg_clusteroff +
+			    howmany(fs->fs_cpg * fs->fs_spc / NSPB(fs), NBBY);
+		}
+		newcg->cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
+		basesize = &newcg->cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&newcg->cg_link);
+		sumsize = newcg->cg_iusedoff - newcg->cg_btotoff;
+		mapsize = newcg->cg_nextfreeoff - newcg->cg_iusedoff;
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		errexit("UNKNOWN ROTATIONAL TABLE FORMAT %d\n",
+			fs->fs_postblformat);
+	}
+	bzero((char *)&idesc[0], sizeof idesc);
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		idesc[i].id_type = ADDR;
+		if (doinglevel2)
+			idesc[i].id_fix = FIX;
+	}
+	bzero((char *)&cstotal, sizeof(struct csum));
+	j = blknum(fs, fs->fs_size + fs->fs_frag - 1);
+	for (i = fs->fs_size; i < j; i++)
+		setbmap(i);
+	for (c = 0; c < fs->fs_ncg; c++) {
+		getblk(&cgblk, cgtod(fs, c), fs->fs_cgsize);
+		if (!cg_chkmagic(cg))
+			pfatal("CG %d: BAD MAGIC NUMBER\n", c);
+		dbase = cgbase(fs, c);
+		dmax = dbase + fs->fs_fpg;
+		if (dmax > fs->fs_size)
+			dmax = fs->fs_size;
+		newcg->cg_time = cg->cg_time;
+		newcg->cg_cgx = c;
+		if (c == fs->fs_ncg - 1)
+			newcg->cg_ncyl = fs->fs_ncyl % fs->fs_cpg;
+		else
+			newcg->cg_ncyl = fs->fs_cpg;
+		newcg->cg_ndblk = dmax - dbase;
+		if (fs->fs_contigsumsize > 0)
+			newcg->cg_nclusterblks = newcg->cg_ndblk / fs->fs_frag;
+		newcg->cg_cs.cs_ndir = 0;
+		newcg->cg_cs.cs_nffree = 0;
+		newcg->cg_cs.cs_nbfree = 0;
+		newcg->cg_cs.cs_nifree = fs->fs_ipg;
+		if (cg->cg_rotor < newcg->cg_ndblk)
+			newcg->cg_rotor = cg->cg_rotor;
+		else
+			newcg->cg_rotor = 0;
+		if (cg->cg_frotor < newcg->cg_ndblk)
+			newcg->cg_frotor = cg->cg_frotor;
+		else
+			newcg->cg_frotor = 0;
+		if (cg->cg_irotor < newcg->cg_niblk)
+			newcg->cg_irotor = cg->cg_irotor;
+		else
+			newcg->cg_irotor = 0;
+		bzero((char *)&newcg->cg_frsum[0], sizeof newcg->cg_frsum);
+		bzero((char *)&cg_blktot(newcg)[0],
+		      (size_t)(sumsize + mapsize));
+		if (fs->fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT)
+			ocg->cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
+		j = fs->fs_ipg * c;
+		for (i = 0; i < fs->fs_ipg; j++, i++) {
+			switch (statemap[j]) {
+
+			case USTATE:
+				break;
+
+			case DSTATE:
+			case DCLEAR:
+			case DFOUND:
+				newcg->cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
+				/* fall through */
+
+			case FSTATE:
+			case FCLEAR:
+				newcg->cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
+				setbit(cg_inosused(newcg), i);
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				if (j < ROOTINO)
+					break;
+				errexit("BAD STATE %d FOR INODE I=%d",
+				    statemap[j], j);
+			}
+		}
+		if (c == 0)
+			for (i = 0; i < ROOTINO; i++) {
+				setbit(cg_inosused(newcg), i);
+				newcg->cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
+			}
+		for (i = 0, d = dbase;
+		     d < dmax;
+		     d += fs->fs_frag, i += fs->fs_frag) {
+			frags = 0;
+			for (j = 0; j < fs->fs_frag; j++) {
+				if (testbmap(d + j))
+					continue;
+				setbit(cg_blksfree(newcg), i + j);
+				frags++;
+			}
+			if (frags == fs->fs_frag) {
+				newcg->cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
+				j = cbtocylno(fs, i);
+				cg_blktot(newcg)[j]++;
+				cg_blks(fs, newcg, j)[cbtorpos(fs, i)]++;
+				if (fs->fs_contigsumsize > 0)
+					setbit(cg_clustersfree(newcg),
+					    i / fs->fs_frag);
+			} else if (frags > 0) {
+				newcg->cg_cs.cs_nffree += frags;
+				blk = blkmap(fs, cg_blksfree(newcg), i);
+				ffs_fragacct(fs, blk, newcg->cg_frsum, 1);
+			}
+		}
+		if (fs->fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
+			long *sump = cg_clustersum(newcg);
+			u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree(newcg);
+			int map = *mapp++;
+			int bit = 1;
+			int run = 0;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < newcg->cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
+				if ((map & bit) != 0) {
+					run++;
+				} else if (run != 0) {
+					if (run > fs->fs_contigsumsize)
+						run = fs->fs_contigsumsize;
+					sump[run]++;
+					run = 0;
+				}
+				if ((i & (NBBY - 1)) != (NBBY - 1)) {
+					bit <<= 1;
+				} else {
+					map = *mapp++;
+					bit = 1;
+				}
+			}
+			if (run != 0) {
+				if (run > fs->fs_contigsumsize)
+					run = fs->fs_contigsumsize;
+				sump[run]++;
+			}
+		}
+		cstotal.cs_nffree += newcg->cg_cs.cs_nffree;
+		cstotal.cs_nbfree += newcg->cg_cs.cs_nbfree;
+		cstotal.cs_nifree += newcg->cg_cs.cs_nifree;
+		cstotal.cs_ndir += newcg->cg_cs.cs_ndir;
+		cs = &fs->fs_cs(fs, c);
+		if (bcmp((char *)&newcg->cg_cs, (char *)cs, sizeof *cs) != 0 &&
+		    dofix(&idesc[0], "FREE BLK COUNT(S) WRONG IN SUPERBLK")) {
+			bcopy((char *)&newcg->cg_cs, (char *)cs, sizeof *cs);
+			sbdirty();
+		}
+		if (doinglevel1) {
+			bcopy((char *)newcg, (char *)cg, (size_t)fs->fs_cgsize);
+			cgdirty();
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (bcmp(cg_inosused(newcg),
+			 cg_inosused(cg), mapsize) != 0 &&
+		    dofix(&idesc[1], "BLK(S) MISSING IN BIT MAPS")) {
+			bcopy(cg_inosused(newcg), cg_inosused(cg),
+			      (size_t)mapsize);
+			cgdirty();
+		}
+		if ((bcmp((char *)newcg, (char *)cg, basesize) != 0 ||
+		     bcmp((char *)&cg_blktot(newcg)[0],
+			  (char *)&cg_blktot(cg)[0], sumsize) != 0) &&
+		    dofix(&idesc[2], "SUMMARY INFORMATION BAD")) {
+			bcopy((char *)newcg, (char *)cg, (size_t)basesize);
+			bcopy((char *)&cg_blktot(newcg)[0],
+			      (char *)&cg_blktot(cg)[0], (size_t)sumsize);
+			cgdirty();
+		}
+	}
+	if (fs->fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT)
+		fs->fs_nrpos = savednrpos;
+	if (bcmp((char *)&cstotal, (char *)&fs->fs_cstotal, sizeof *cs) != 0
+	    && dofix(&idesc[0], "FREE BLK COUNT(S) WRONG IN SUPERBLK")) {
+		bcopy((char *)&cstotal, (char *)&fs->fs_cstotal, sizeof *cs);
+		fs->fs_ronly = 0;
+		fs->fs_fmod = 0;
+		sbdirty();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/preen.c b/sbin/fsck/preen.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..005a65d97989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/preen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)preen.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <fstab.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+char	*rawname(), *unrawname(), *blockcheck();
+
+struct part {
+	struct	part *next;		/* forward link of partitions on disk */
+	char	*name;			/* device name */
+	char	*fsname;		/* mounted filesystem name */
+	long	auxdata;		/* auxillary data for application */
+} *badlist, **badnext = &badlist;
+
+struct disk {
+	char	*name;			/* disk base name */
+	struct	disk *next;		/* forward link for list of disks */
+	struct	part *part;		/* head of list of partitions on disk */
+	int	pid;			/* If != 0, pid of proc working on */
+} *disks;
+
+int	nrun, ndisks;
+char	hotroot;
+
+checkfstab(preen, maxrun, docheck, chkit)
+	int preen, maxrun;
+	int (*docheck)(), (*chkit)();
+{
+	register struct fstab *fsp;
+	register struct disk *dk, *nextdisk;
+	register struct part *pt;
+	int ret, pid, retcode, passno, sumstatus, status;
+	long auxdata;
+	char *name;
+
+	sumstatus = 0;
+	for (passno = 1; passno <= 2; passno++) {
+		if (setfsent() == 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Can't open checklist file: %s\n",
+			    _PATH_FSTAB);
+			return (8);
+		}
+		while ((fsp = getfsent()) != 0) {
+			if ((auxdata = (*docheck)(fsp)) == 0)
+				continue;
+			if (preen == 0 || passno == 1 && fsp->fs_passno == 1) {
+				if (name = blockcheck(fsp->fs_spec)) {
+					if (sumstatus = (*chkit)(name,
+					    fsp->fs_file, auxdata, 0))
+						return (sumstatus);
+				} else if (preen)
+					return (8);
+			} else if (passno == 2 && fsp->fs_passno > 1) {
+				if ((name = blockcheck(fsp->fs_spec)) == NULL) {
+					fprintf(stderr, "BAD DISK NAME %s\n",
+						fsp->fs_spec);
+					sumstatus |= 8;
+					continue;
+				}
+				addpart(name, fsp->fs_file, auxdata);
+			}
+		}
+		if (preen == 0)
+			return (0);
+	}
+	if (preen) {
+		if (maxrun == 0)
+			maxrun = ndisks;
+		if (maxrun > ndisks)
+			maxrun = ndisks;
+		nextdisk = disks;
+		for (passno = 0; passno < maxrun; ++passno) {
+			while (ret = startdisk(nextdisk, chkit) && nrun > 0)
+				sleep(10);
+			if (ret)
+				return (ret);
+			nextdisk = nextdisk->next;
+		}
+		while ((pid = wait(&status)) != -1) {
+			for (dk = disks; dk; dk = dk->next)
+				if (dk->pid == pid)
+					break;
+			if (dk == 0) {
+				printf("Unknown pid %d\n", pid);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (WIFEXITED(status))
+				retcode = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+			else
+				retcode = 0;
+			if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+				printf("%s (%s): EXITED WITH SIGNAL %d\n",
+					dk->part->name, dk->part->fsname,
+					WTERMSIG(status));
+				retcode = 8;
+			}
+			if (retcode != 0) {
+				sumstatus |= retcode;
+				*badnext = dk->part;
+				badnext = &dk->part->next;
+				dk->part = dk->part->next;
+				*badnext = NULL;
+			} else
+				dk->part = dk->part->next;
+			dk->pid = 0;
+			nrun--;
+			if (dk->part == NULL)
+				ndisks--;
+
+			if (nextdisk == NULL) {
+				if (dk->part) {
+					while (ret = startdisk(dk, chkit) &&
+					    nrun > 0)
+						sleep(10);
+					if (ret)
+						return (ret);
+				}
+			} else if (nrun < maxrun && nrun < ndisks) {
+				for ( ;; ) {
+					if ((nextdisk = nextdisk->next) == NULL)
+						nextdisk = disks;
+					if (nextdisk->part != NULL &&
+					    nextdisk->pid == 0)
+						break;
+				}
+				while (ret = startdisk(nextdisk, chkit) &&
+				    nrun > 0)
+					sleep(10);
+				if (ret)
+					return (ret);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (sumstatus) {
+		if (badlist == 0)
+			return (sumstatus);
+		fprintf(stderr, "THE FOLLOWING FILE SYSTEM%s HAD AN %s\n\t",
+			badlist->next ? "S" : "", "UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY:");
+		for (pt = badlist; pt; pt = pt->next)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s)%s", pt->name, pt->fsname,
+			    pt->next ? ", " : "\n");
+		return (sumstatus);
+	}
+	(void)endfsent();
+	return (0);
+}
+
+struct disk *
+finddisk(name)
+	char *name;
+{
+	register struct disk *dk, **dkp;
+	register char *p;
+	size_t len;
+
+	for (p = name + strlen(name) - 1; p >= name; --p)
+		if (isdigit(*p)) {
+			len = p - name + 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (p < name)
+		len = strlen(name);
+
+	for (dk = disks, dkp = &disks; dk; dkp = &dk->next, dk = dk->next) {
+		if (strncmp(dk->name, name, len) == 0 &&
+		    dk->name[len] == 0)
+			return (dk);
+	}
+	if ((*dkp = (struct disk *)malloc(sizeof(struct disk))) == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "out of memory");
+		exit (8);
+	}
+	dk = *dkp;
+	if ((dk->name = malloc(len + 1)) == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "out of memory");
+		exit (8);
+	}
+	(void)strncpy(dk->name, name, len);
+	dk->name[len] = '\0';
+	dk->part = NULL;
+	dk->next = NULL;
+	dk->pid = 0;
+	ndisks++;
+	return (dk);
+}
+
+addpart(name, fsname, auxdata)
+	char *name, *fsname;
+	long auxdata;
+{
+	struct disk *dk = finddisk(name);
+	register struct part *pt, **ppt = &dk->part;
+
+	for (pt = dk->part; pt; ppt = &pt->next, pt = pt->next)
+		if (strcmp(pt->name, name) == 0) {
+			printf("%s in fstab more than once!\n", name);
+			return;
+		}
+	if ((*ppt = (struct part *)malloc(sizeof(struct part))) == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "out of memory");
+		exit (8);
+	}
+	pt = *ppt;
+	if ((pt->name = malloc(strlen(name) + 1)) == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "out of memory");
+		exit (8);
+	}
+	(void)strcpy(pt->name, name);
+	if ((pt->fsname = malloc(strlen(fsname) + 1)) == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "out of memory");
+		exit (8);
+	}
+	(void)strcpy(pt->fsname, fsname);
+	pt->next = NULL;
+	pt->auxdata = auxdata;
+}
+
+startdisk(dk, checkit)
+	register struct disk *dk;
+	int (*checkit)();
+{
+	register struct part *pt = dk->part;
+
+	dk->pid = fork();
+	if (dk->pid < 0) {
+		perror("fork");
+		return (8);
+	}
+	if (dk->pid == 0)
+		exit((*checkit)(pt->name, pt->fsname, pt->auxdata, 1));
+	nrun++;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+char *
+blockcheck(name)
+	char *name;
+{
+	struct stat stslash, stblock, stchar;
+	char *raw;
+	int retried = 0;
+
+	hotroot = 0;
+	if (stat("/", &stslash) < 0) {
+		perror("/");
+		printf("Can't stat root\n");
+		return (0);
+	}
+retry:
+	if (stat(name, &stblock) < 0) {
+		perror(name);
+		printf("Can't stat %s\n", name);
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if ((stblock.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) {
+		if (stslash.st_dev == stblock.st_rdev)
+			hotroot++;
+		raw = rawname(name);
+		if (stat(raw, &stchar) < 0) {
+			perror(raw);
+			printf("Can't stat %s\n", raw);
+			return (name);
+		}
+		if ((stchar.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR) {
+			return (raw);
+		} else {
+			printf("%s is not a character device\n", raw);
+			return (name);
+		}
+	} else if ((stblock.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR && !retried) {
+		name = unrawname(name);
+		retried++;
+		goto retry;
+	}
+	printf("Can't make sense out of name %s\n", name);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+char *
+unrawname(name)
+	char *name;
+{
+	char *dp;
+	struct stat stb;
+
+	if ((dp = rindex(name, '/')) == 0)
+		return (name);
+	if (stat(name, &stb) < 0)
+		return (name);
+	if ((stb.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR)
+		return (name);
+	if (dp[1] != 'r')
+		return (name);
+	(void)strcpy(&dp[1], &dp[2]);
+	return (name);
+}
+
+char *
+rawname(name)
+	char *name;
+{
+	static char rawbuf[32];
+	char *dp;
+
+	if ((dp = rindex(name, '/')) == 0)
+		return (0);
+	*dp = 0;
+	(void)strcpy(rawbuf, name);
+	*dp = '/';
+	(void)strcat(rawbuf, "/r");
+	(void)strcat(rawbuf, &dp[1]);
+	return (rawbuf);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/setup.c b/sbin/fsck/setup.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a32b23cc294d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/setup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)setup.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 2/21/94";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#define DKTYPENAMES
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/disklabel.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+struct bufarea asblk;
+#define altsblock (*asblk.b_un.b_fs)
+#define POWEROF2(num)	(((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
+
+struct	disklabel *getdisklabel();
+
+setup(dev)
+	char *dev;
+{
+	long cg, size, asked, i, j;
+	long bmapsize;
+	struct disklabel *lp;
+	off_t sizepb;
+	struct stat statb;
+	struct fs proto;
+
+	havesb = 0;
+	fswritefd = -1;
+	if (stat(dev, &statb) < 0) {
+		printf("Can't stat %s: %s\n", dev, strerror(errno));
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if ((statb.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) {
+		pfatal("%s is not a character device", dev);
+		if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0)
+			return (0);
+	}
+	if ((fsreadfd = open(dev, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
+		printf("Can't open %s: %s\n", dev, strerror(errno));
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if (preen == 0)
+		printf("** %s", dev);
+	if (nflag || (fswritefd = open(dev, O_WRONLY)) < 0) {
+		fswritefd = -1;
+		if (preen)
+			pfatal("NO WRITE ACCESS");
+		printf(" (NO WRITE)");
+	}
+	if (preen == 0)
+		printf("\n");
+	fsmodified = 0;
+	lfdir = 0;
+	initbarea(&sblk);
+	initbarea(&asblk);
+	sblk.b_un.b_buf = malloc(SBSIZE);
+	asblk.b_un.b_buf = malloc(SBSIZE);
+	if (sblk.b_un.b_buf == NULL || asblk.b_un.b_buf == NULL)
+		errexit("cannot allocate space for superblock\n");
+	if (lp = getdisklabel((char *)NULL, fsreadfd))
+		dev_bsize = secsize = lp->d_secsize;
+	else
+		dev_bsize = secsize = DEV_BSIZE;
+	/*
+	 * Read in the superblock, looking for alternates if necessary
+	 */
+	if (readsb(1) == 0) {
+		if (bflag || preen || calcsb(dev, fsreadfd, &proto) == 0)
+			return(0);
+		if (reply("LOOK FOR ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS") == 0)
+			return (0);
+		for (cg = 0; cg < proto.fs_ncg; cg++) {
+			bflag = fsbtodb(&proto, cgsblock(&proto, cg));
+			if (readsb(0) != 0)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (cg >= proto.fs_ncg) {
+			printf("%s %s\n%s %s\n%s %s\n",
+				"SEARCH FOR ALTERNATE SUPER-BLOCK",
+				"FAILED. YOU MUST USE THE",
+				"-b OPTION TO FSCK TO SPECIFY THE",
+				"LOCATION OF AN ALTERNATE",
+				"SUPER-BLOCK TO SUPPLY NEEDED",
+				"INFORMATION; SEE fsck(8).");
+			return(0);
+		}
+		pwarn("USING ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCK AT %d\n", bflag);
+	}
+	maxfsblock = sblock.fs_size;
+	maxino = sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_ipg;
+	/*
+	 * Check and potentially fix certain fields in the super block.
+	 */
+	if (sblock.fs_optim != FS_OPTTIME && sblock.fs_optim != FS_OPTSPACE) {
+		pfatal("UNDEFINED OPTIMIZATION IN SUPERBLOCK");
+		if (reply("SET TO DEFAULT") == 1) {
+			sblock.fs_optim = FS_OPTTIME;
+			sbdirty();
+		}
+	}
+	if ((sblock.fs_minfree < 0 || sblock.fs_minfree > 99)) {
+		pfatal("IMPOSSIBLE MINFREE=%d IN SUPERBLOCK",
+			sblock.fs_minfree);
+		if (reply("SET TO DEFAULT") == 1) {
+			sblock.fs_minfree = 10;
+			sbdirty();
+		}
+	}
+	if (sblock.fs_interleave < 1 || 
+	    sblock.fs_interleave > sblock.fs_nsect) {
+		pwarn("IMPOSSIBLE INTERLEAVE=%d IN SUPERBLOCK",
+			sblock.fs_interleave);
+		sblock.fs_interleave = 1;
+		if (preen)
+			printf(" (FIXED)\n");
+		if (preen || reply("SET TO DEFAULT") == 1) {
+			sbdirty();
+			dirty(&asblk);
+		}
+	}
+	if (sblock.fs_npsect < sblock.fs_nsect || 
+	    sblock.fs_npsect > sblock.fs_nsect*2) {
+		pwarn("IMPOSSIBLE NPSECT=%d IN SUPERBLOCK",
+			sblock.fs_npsect);
+		sblock.fs_npsect = sblock.fs_nsect;
+		if (preen)
+			printf(" (FIXED)\n");
+		if (preen || reply("SET TO DEFAULT") == 1) {
+			sbdirty();
+			dirty(&asblk);
+		}
+	}
+	if (sblock.fs_inodefmt >= FS_44INODEFMT) {
+		newinofmt = 1;
+	} else {
+		sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
+		sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
+		newinofmt = 0;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Convert to new inode format.
+	 */
+	if (cvtlevel >= 2 && sblock.fs_inodefmt < FS_44INODEFMT) {
+		if (preen)
+			pwarn("CONVERTING TO NEW INODE FORMAT\n");
+		else if (!reply("CONVERT TO NEW INODE FORMAT"))
+			return(0);
+		doinglevel2++;
+		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
+		sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize;
+		sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1;
+		for (i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) {
+			sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
+			sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
+		}
+		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = MAXSYMLINKLEN;
+		sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
+		sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
+		sbdirty();
+		dirty(&asblk);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Convert to new cylinder group format.
+	 */
+	if (cvtlevel >= 1 && sblock.fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT) {
+		if (preen)
+			pwarn("CONVERTING TO NEW CYLINDER GROUP FORMAT\n");
+		else if (!reply("CONVERT TO NEW CYLINDER GROUP FORMAT"))
+			return(0);
+		doinglevel1++;
+		sblock.fs_postblformat = FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT;
+		sblock.fs_nrpos = 8;
+		sblock.fs_postbloff =
+		    (char *)(&sblock.fs_opostbl[0][0]) -
+		    (char *)(&sblock.fs_link);
+		sblock.fs_rotbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
+		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_link);
+		sblock.fs_cgsize =
+			fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
+		sbdirty();
+		dirty(&asblk);
+	}
+	if (asblk.b_dirty) {
+		bcopy((char *)&sblock, (char *)&altsblock,
+			(size_t)sblock.fs_sbsize);
+		flush(fswritefd, &asblk);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * read in the summary info.
+	 */
+	asked = 0;
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize, j++) {
+		size = sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
+		    sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize;
+		sblock.fs_csp[j] = (struct csum *)calloc(1, (unsigned)size);
+		if (bread(fsreadfd, (char *)sblock.fs_csp[j],
+		    fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + j * sblock.fs_frag),
+		    size) != 0 && !asked) {
+			pfatal("BAD SUMMARY INFORMATION");
+			if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0)
+				errexit("");
+			asked++;
+		}
+	}
+	/*
+	 * allocate and initialize the necessary maps
+	 */
+	bmapsize = roundup(howmany(maxfsblock, NBBY), sizeof(short));
+	blockmap = calloc((unsigned)bmapsize, sizeof (char));
+	if (blockmap == NULL) {
+		printf("cannot alloc %u bytes for blockmap\n",
+		    (unsigned)bmapsize);
+		goto badsb;
+	}
+	statemap = calloc((unsigned)(maxino + 1), sizeof(char));
+	if (statemap == NULL) {
+		printf("cannot alloc %u bytes for statemap\n",
+		    (unsigned)(maxino + 1));
+		goto badsb;
+	}
+	typemap = calloc((unsigned)(maxino + 1), sizeof(char));
+	if (typemap == NULL) {
+		printf("cannot alloc %u bytes for typemap\n",
+		    (unsigned)(maxino + 1));
+		goto badsb;
+	}
+	lncntp = (short *)calloc((unsigned)(maxino + 1), sizeof(short));
+	if (lncntp == NULL) {
+		printf("cannot alloc %u bytes for lncntp\n", 
+		    (unsigned)(maxino + 1) * sizeof(short));
+		goto badsb;
+	}
+	numdirs = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
+	inplast = 0;
+	listmax = numdirs + 10;
+	inpsort = (struct inoinfo **)calloc((unsigned)listmax,
+	    sizeof(struct inoinfo *));
+	inphead = (struct inoinfo **)calloc((unsigned)numdirs,
+	    sizeof(struct inoinfo *));
+	if (inpsort == NULL || inphead == NULL) {
+		printf("cannot alloc %u bytes for inphead\n", 
+		    (unsigned)numdirs * sizeof(struct inoinfo *));
+		goto badsb;
+	}
+	bufinit();
+	return (1);
+
+badsb:
+	ckfini();
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read in the super block and its summary info.
+ */
+readsb(listerr)
+	int listerr;
+{
+	daddr_t super = bflag ? bflag : SBOFF / dev_bsize;
+
+	if (bread(fsreadfd, (char *)&sblock, super, (long)SBSIZE) != 0)
+		return (0);
+	sblk.b_bno = super;
+	sblk.b_size = SBSIZE;
+	/*
+	 * run a few consistency checks of the super block
+	 */
+	if (sblock.fs_magic != FS_MAGIC)
+		{ badsb(listerr, "MAGIC NUMBER WRONG"); return (0); }
+	if (sblock.fs_ncg < 1)
+		{ badsb(listerr, "NCG OUT OF RANGE"); return (0); }
+	if (sblock.fs_cpg < 1)
+		{ badsb(listerr, "CPG OUT OF RANGE"); return (0); }
+	if (sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_cpg < sblock.fs_ncyl ||
+	    (sblock.fs_ncg - 1) * sblock.fs_cpg >= sblock.fs_ncyl)
+		{ badsb(listerr, "NCYL LESS THAN NCG*CPG"); return (0); }
+	if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBSIZE)
+		{ badsb(listerr, "SIZE PREPOSTEROUSLY LARGE"); return (0); }
+	/*
+	 * Compute block size that the filesystem is based on,
+	 * according to fsbtodb, and adjust superblock block number
+	 * so we can tell if this is an alternate later.
+	 */
+	super *= dev_bsize;
+	dev_bsize = sblock.fs_fsize / fsbtodb(&sblock, 1);
+	sblk.b_bno = super / dev_bsize;
+	if (bflag) {
+		havesb = 1;
+		return (1);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Set all possible fields that could differ, then do check
+	 * of whole super block against an alternate super block.
+	 * When an alternate super-block is specified this check is skipped.
+	 */
+	getblk(&asblk, cgsblock(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg - 1), sblock.fs_sbsize);
+	if (asblk.b_errs)
+		return (0);
+	altsblock.fs_link = sblock.fs_link;
+	altsblock.fs_rlink = sblock.fs_rlink;
+	altsblock.fs_time = sblock.fs_time;
+	altsblock.fs_cstotal = sblock.fs_cstotal;
+	altsblock.fs_cgrotor = sblock.fs_cgrotor;
+	altsblock.fs_fmod = sblock.fs_fmod;
+	altsblock.fs_clean = sblock.fs_clean;
+	altsblock.fs_ronly = sblock.fs_ronly;
+	altsblock.fs_flags = sblock.fs_flags;
+	altsblock.fs_maxcontig = sblock.fs_maxcontig;
+	altsblock.fs_minfree = sblock.fs_minfree;
+	altsblock.fs_optim = sblock.fs_optim;
+	altsblock.fs_rotdelay = sblock.fs_rotdelay;
+	altsblock.fs_maxbpg = sblock.fs_maxbpg;
+	bcopy((char *)sblock.fs_csp, (char *)altsblock.fs_csp,
+		sizeof sblock.fs_csp);
+	bcopy((char *)sblock.fs_fsmnt, (char *)altsblock.fs_fsmnt,
+		sizeof sblock.fs_fsmnt);
+	bcopy((char *)sblock.fs_sparecon, (char *)altsblock.fs_sparecon,
+		sizeof sblock.fs_sparecon);
+	/*
+	 * The following should not have to be copied.
+	 */
+	altsblock.fs_fsbtodb = sblock.fs_fsbtodb;
+	altsblock.fs_interleave = sblock.fs_interleave;
+	altsblock.fs_npsect = sblock.fs_npsect;
+	altsblock.fs_nrpos = sblock.fs_nrpos;
+	altsblock.fs_qbmask = sblock.fs_qbmask;
+	altsblock.fs_qfmask = sblock.fs_qfmask;
+	altsblock.fs_state = sblock.fs_state;
+	altsblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_maxfilesize;
+	if (bcmp((char *)&sblock, (char *)&altsblock, (int)sblock.fs_sbsize)) {
+		badsb(listerr,
+		"VALUES IN SUPER BLOCK DISAGREE WITH THOSE IN FIRST ALTERNATE");
+		return (0);
+	}
+	havesb = 1;
+	return (1);
+}
+
+badsb(listerr, s)
+	int listerr;
+	char *s;
+{
+
+	if (!listerr)
+		return;
+	if (preen)
+		printf("%s: ", cdevname);
+	pfatal("BAD SUPER BLOCK: %s\n", s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate a prototype superblock based on information in the disk label.
+ * When done the cgsblock macro can be calculated and the fs_ncg field
+ * can be used. Do NOT attempt to use other macros without verifying that
+ * their needed information is available!
+ */
+calcsb(dev, devfd, fs)
+	char *dev;
+	int devfd;
+	register struct fs *fs;
+{
+	register struct disklabel *lp;
+	register struct partition *pp;
+	register char *cp;
+	int i;
+
+	cp = index(dev, '\0') - 1;
+	if (cp == (char *)-1 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) {
+		pfatal("%s: CANNOT FIGURE OUT FILE SYSTEM PARTITION\n", dev);
+		return (0);
+	}
+	lp = getdisklabel(dev, devfd);
+	if (isdigit(*cp))
+		pp = &lp->d_partitions[0];
+	else
+		pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
+	if (pp->p_fstype != FS_BSDFFS) {
+		pfatal("%s: NOT LABELED AS A BSD FILE SYSTEM (%s)\n",
+			dev, pp->p_fstype < FSMAXTYPES ?
+			fstypenames[pp->p_fstype] : "unknown");
+		return (0);
+	}
+	bzero((char *)fs, sizeof(struct fs));
+	fs->fs_fsize = pp->p_fsize;
+	fs->fs_frag = pp->p_frag;
+	fs->fs_cpg = pp->p_cpg;
+	fs->fs_size = pp->p_size;
+	fs->fs_ntrak = lp->d_ntracks;
+	fs->fs_nsect = lp->d_nsectors;
+	fs->fs_spc = lp->d_secpercyl;
+	fs->fs_nspf = fs->fs_fsize / lp->d_secsize;
+	fs->fs_sblkno = roundup(
+		howmany(lp->d_bbsize + lp->d_sbsize, fs->fs_fsize),
+		fs->fs_frag);
+	fs->fs_cgmask = 0xffffffff;
+	for (i = fs->fs_ntrak; i > 1; i >>= 1)
+		fs->fs_cgmask <<= 1;
+	if (!POWEROF2(fs->fs_ntrak))
+		fs->fs_cgmask <<= 1;
+	fs->fs_cgoffset = roundup(
+		howmany(fs->fs_nsect, NSPF(fs)), fs->fs_frag);
+	fs->fs_fpg = (fs->fs_cpg * fs->fs_spc) / NSPF(fs);
+	fs->fs_ncg = howmany(fs->fs_size / fs->fs_spc, fs->fs_cpg);
+	for (fs->fs_fsbtodb = 0, i = NSPF(fs); i > 1; i >>= 1)
+		fs->fs_fsbtodb++;
+	dev_bsize = lp->d_secsize;
+	return (1);
+}
+
+struct disklabel *
+getdisklabel(s, fd)
+	char *s;
+	int	fd;
+{
+	static struct disklabel lab;
+
+	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) {
+		if (s == NULL)
+			return ((struct disklabel *)NULL);
+		pwarn("ioctl (GCINFO): %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		errexit("%s: can't read disk label\n", s);
+	}
+	return (&lab);
+}
diff --git a/sbin/fsck/utilities.c b/sbin/fsck/utilities.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..64a4cac19ab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sbin/fsck/utilities.c
@@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)utilities.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
+#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
+#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+long	diskreads, totalreads;	/* Disk cache statistics */
+
+ftypeok(dp)
+	struct dinode *dp;
+{
+	switch (dp->di_mode & IFMT) {
+
+	case IFDIR:
+	case IFREG:
+	case IFBLK:
+	case IFCHR:
+	case IFLNK:
+	case IFSOCK:
+	case IFIFO:
+		return (1);
+
+	default:
+		if (debug)
+			printf("bad file type 0%o\n", dp->di_mode);
+		return (0);
+	}
+}
+
+reply(question)
+	char *question;
+{
+	int persevere;
+	char c;
+
+	if (preen)
+		pfatal("INTERNAL ERROR: GOT TO reply()");
+	persevere = !strcmp(question, "CONTINUE");
+	printf("\n");
+	if (!persevere && (nflag || fswritefd < 0)) {
+		printf("%s? no\n\n", question);
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if (yflag || (persevere && nflag)) {
+		printf("%s? yes\n\n", question);
+		return (1);
+	}
+	do	{
+		printf("%s? [yn] ", question);
+		(void) fflush(stdout);
+		c = getc(stdin);
+		while (c != '\n' && getc(stdin) != '\n')
+			if (feof(stdin))
+				return (0);
+	} while (c != 'y' && c != 'Y' && c != 'n' && c != 'N');
+	printf("\n");
+	if (c == 'y' || c == 'Y')
+		return (1);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Malloc buffers and set up cache.
+ */
+bufinit()
+{
+	register struct bufarea *bp;