In commit 95ac5b0e27e9 ("mkimg: Add a reproducible mode"), I added a -R flag to mkimg, indicating that output should be reproducible. There is one place in the VHD image backend that uses time(3) to populate an image metadata field; this field is visible to tools which know how to process VHD images. Rather than picking an arbitrary value for that timestamp, it seems better to behave like makefs(8) and let the invoker pick a suitable timestamp. So, remove -R and instead add a -t option which lets the timestamp be specified directly. Then, modify the VHD backend to use that timestamp. Fixes: 95ac5b0e27e9 ("mkimg: Add a reproducible mode") Reviewed by: bnovkov MFC after: 2 weeks Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Sponsored by: Klara, Inc. Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D51077