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-
- <section id="ksu">
-<span id="ksu-1"></span><h1>ksu<a class="headerlink" href="#ksu" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
-<section id="synopsis">
-<h2>SYNOPSIS<a class="headerlink" href="#synopsis" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p><strong>ksu</strong>
-[ <em>target_user</em> ]
-[ <strong>-n</strong> <em>target_principal_name</em> ]
-[ <strong>-c</strong> <em>source_cache_name</em> ]
-[ <strong>-k</strong> ]
-[ <strong>-r</strong> time ]
-[ <strong>-p</strong> | <strong>-P</strong>]
-[ <strong>-f</strong> | <strong>-F</strong>]
-[ <strong>-l</strong> <em>lifetime</em> ]
-[ <strong>-z | Z</strong> ]
-[ <strong>-q</strong> ]
-[ <strong>-e</strong> <em>command</em> [ args … ] ] [ <strong>-a</strong> [ args … ] ]</p>
-</section>
-<section id="requirements">
-<h2>REQUIREMENTS<a class="headerlink" href="#requirements" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p>Must have Kerberos version 5 installed to compile ksu. Must have a
-Kerberos version 5 server running to use ksu.</p>
-</section>
-<section id="description">
-<h2>DESCRIPTION<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p>ksu is a Kerberized version of the su program that has two missions:
-one is to securely change the real and effective user ID to that of
-the target user, and the other is to create a new security context.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p>For the sake of clarity, all references to and attributes of
-the user invoking the program will start with “source”
-(e.g., “source user”, “source cache”, etc.).</p>
-<p>Likewise, all references to and attributes of the target
-account will start with “target”.</p>
-</div>
-</section>
-<section id="authentication">
-<h2>AUTHENTICATION<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p>To fulfill the first mission, ksu operates in two phases:
-authentication and authorization. Resolving the target principal name
-is the first step in authentication. The user can either specify his
-principal name with the <strong>-n</strong> option (e.g., <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-n</span> <span class="pre">jqpublic&#64;USC.EDU</span></code>)
-or a default principal name will be assigned using a heuristic
-described in the OPTIONS section (see <strong>-n</strong> option). The target user
-name must be the first argument to ksu; if not specified root is the
-default. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code> is specified then the target user will be the
-source user (e.g., <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ksu</span> <span class="pre">.</span></code>). If the source user is root or the
-target user is the source user, no authentication or authorization
-takes place. Otherwise, ksu looks for an appropriate Kerberos ticket
-in the source cache.</p>
-<p>The ticket can either be for the end-server or a ticket granting
-ticket (TGT) for the target principal’s realm. If the ticket for the
-end-server is already in the cache, it’s decrypted and verified. If
-it’s not in the cache but the TGT is, the TGT is used to obtain the
-ticket for the end-server. The end-server ticket is then verified.
-If neither ticket is in the cache, but ksu is compiled with the
-<strong>GET_TGT_VIA_PASSWD</strong> define, the user will be prompted for a
-Kerberos password which will then be used to get a TGT. If the user
-is logged in remotely and does not have a secure channel, the password
-may be exposed. If neither ticket is in the cache and
-<strong>GET_TGT_VIA_PASSWD</strong> is not defined, authentication fails.</p>
-</section>
-<section id="authorization">
-<h2>AUTHORIZATION<a class="headerlink" href="#authorization" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p>This section describes authorization of the source user when ksu is
-invoked without the <strong>-e</strong> option. For a description of the <strong>-e</strong>
-option, see the OPTIONS section.</p>
-<p>Upon successful authentication, ksu checks whether the target
-principal is authorized to access the target account. In the target
-user’s home directory, ksu attempts to access two authorization files:
-<a class="reference internal" href="../user_config/k5login.html#k5login-5"><span class="std std-ref">.k5login</span></a> and .k5users. In the .k5login file each line
-contains the name of a principal that is authorized to access the
-account.</p>
-<p>For example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">jqpublic</span><span class="nd">@USC</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EDU</span>
-<span class="n">jqpublic</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">secure</span><span class="nd">@USC</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EDU</span>
-<span class="n">jqpublic</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">admin</span><span class="nd">@USC</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EDU</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>The format of .k5users is the same, except the principal name may be
-followed by a list of commands that the principal is authorized to
-execute (see the <strong>-e</strong> option in the OPTIONS section for details).</p>
-<p>Thus if the target principal name is found in the .k5login file the
-source user is authorized to access the target account. Otherwise ksu
-looks in the .k5users file. If the target principal name is found
-without any trailing commands or followed only by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*</span></code> then the
-source user is authorized. If either .k5login or .k5users exist but
-an appropriate entry for the target principal does not exist then
-access is denied. If neither file exists then the principal will be
-granted access to the account according to the aname-&gt;lname mapping
-rules. Otherwise, authorization fails.</p>
-</section>
-<section id="execution-of-the-target-shell">
-<h2>EXECUTION OF THE TARGET SHELL<a class="headerlink" href="#execution-of-the-target-shell" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p>Upon successful authentication and authorization, ksu proceeds in a
-similar fashion to su. The environment is unmodified with the
-exception of USER, HOME and SHELL variables. If the target user is
-not root, USER gets set to the target user name. Otherwise USER
-remains unchanged. Both HOME and SHELL are set to the target login’s
-default values. In addition, the environment variable <strong>KRB5CCNAME</strong>
-gets set to the name of the target cache. The real and effective user
-ID are changed to that of the target user. The target user’s shell is
-then invoked (the shell name is specified in the password file). Upon
-termination of the shell, ksu deletes the target cache (unless ksu is
-invoked with the <strong>-k</strong> option). This is implemented by first doing a
-fork and then an exec, instead of just exec, as done by su.</p>
-</section>
-<section id="creating-a-new-security-context">
-<h2>CREATING A NEW SECURITY CONTEXT<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-new-security-context" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p>ksu can be used to create a new security context for the target
-program (either the target shell, or command specified via the <strong>-e</strong>
-option). The target program inherits a set of credentials from the
-source user. By default, this set includes all of the credentials in
-the source cache plus any additional credentials obtained during
-authentication. The source user is able to limit the credentials in
-this set by using <strong>-z</strong> or <strong>-Z</strong> option. <strong>-z</strong> restricts the copy
-of tickets from the source cache to the target cache to only the
-tickets where client == the target principal name. The <strong>-Z</strong> option
-provides the target user with a fresh target cache (no creds in the
-cache). Note that for security reasons, when the source user is root
-and target user is non-root, <strong>-z</strong> option is the default mode of
-operation.</p>
-<p>While no authentication takes place if the source user is root or is
-the same as the target user, additional tickets can still be obtained
-for the target cache. If <strong>-n</strong> is specified and no credentials can
-be copied to the target cache, the source user is prompted for a
-Kerberos password (unless <strong>-Z</strong> specified or <strong>GET_TGT_VIA_PASSWD</strong>
-is undefined). If successful, a TGT is obtained from the Kerberos
-server and stored in the target cache. Otherwise, if a password is
-not provided (user hit return) ksu continues in a normal mode of
-operation (the target cache will not contain the desired TGT). If the
-wrong password is typed in, ksu fails.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p>During authentication, only the tickets that could be
-obtained without providing a password are cached in the
-source cache.</p>
-</div>
-</section>
-<section id="options">
-<h2>OPTIONS<a class="headerlink" href="#options" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<dl>
-<dt><strong>-n</strong> <em>target_principal_name</em></dt><dd><p>Specify a Kerberos target principal name. Used in authentication
-and authorization phases of ksu.</p>
-<p>If ksu is invoked without <strong>-n</strong>, a default principal name is
-assigned via the following heuristic:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><p>Case 1: source user is non-root.</p>
-<p>If the target user is the source user the default principal name
-is set to the default principal of the source cache. If the
-cache does not exist then the default principal name is set to
-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">target_user&#64;local_realm</span></code>. If the source and target users are
-different and neither <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~target_user/.k5users</span></code> nor
-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~target_user/.k5login</span></code> exist then the default principal name
-is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">target_user_login_name&#64;local_realm</span></code>. Otherwise, starting
-with the first principal listed below, ksu checks if the
-principal is authorized to access the target account and whether
-there is a legitimate ticket for that principal in the source
-cache. If both conditions are met that principal becomes the
-default target principal, otherwise go to the next principal.</p>
-<ol class="loweralpha simple">
-<li><p>default principal of the source cache</p></li>
-<li><p>target_user&#64;local_realm</p></li>
-<li><p>source_user&#64;local_realm</p></li>
-</ol>
-<p>If a-c fails try any principal for which there is a ticket in
-the source cache and that is authorized to access the target
-account. If that fails select the first principal that is
-authorized to access the target account from the above list. If
-none are authorized and ksu is configured with
-<strong>PRINC_LOOK_AHEAD</strong> turned on, select the default principal as
-follows:</p>
-<p>For each candidate in the above list, select an authorized
-principal that has the same realm name and first part of the
-principal name equal to the prefix of the candidate. For
-example if candidate a) is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jqpublic&#64;ISI.EDU</span></code> and
-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jqpublic/secure&#64;ISI.EDU</span></code> is authorized to access the target
-account then the default principal is set to
-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jqpublic/secure&#64;ISI.EDU</span></code>.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p>Case 2: source user is root.</p>
-<p>If the target user is non-root then the default principal name
-is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">target_user&#64;local_realm</span></code>. Else, if the source cache
-exists the default principal name is set to the default
-principal of the source cache. If the source cache does not
-exist, default principal name is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root\&#64;local_realm</span></code>.</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<p><strong>-c</strong> <em>source_cache_name</em></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p>Specify source cache name (e.g., <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-c</span> <span class="pre">FILE:/tmp/my_cache</span></code>). If
-<strong>-c</strong> option is not used then the name is obtained from
-<strong>KRB5CCNAME</strong> environment variable. If <strong>KRB5CCNAME</strong> is not
-defined the source cache name is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">krb5cc_&lt;source</span> <span class="pre">uid&gt;</span></code>.
-The target cache name is automatically set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">krb5cc_&lt;target</span>
-<span class="pre">uid&gt;.(gen_sym())</span></code>, where gen_sym generates a new number such that
-the resulting cache does not already exist. For example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">krb5cc_1984</span><span class="mf">.2</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div></blockquote>
-<dl class="simple">
-<dt><strong>-k</strong></dt><dd><p>Do not delete the target cache upon termination of the target
-shell or a command (<strong>-e</strong> command). Without <strong>-k</strong>, ksu deletes
-the target cache.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-z</strong></dt><dd><p>Restrict the copy of tickets from the source cache to the target
-cache to only the tickets where client == the target principal
-name. Use the <strong>-n</strong> option if you want the tickets for other then
-the default principal. Note that the <strong>-z</strong> option is mutually
-exclusive with the <strong>-Z</strong> option.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-Z</strong></dt><dd><p>Don’t copy any tickets from the source cache to the target cache.
-Just create a fresh target cache, where the default principal name
-of the cache is initialized to the target principal name. Note
-that the <strong>-Z</strong> option is mutually exclusive with the <strong>-z</strong>
-option.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-q</strong></dt><dd><p>Suppress the printing of status messages.</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<p>Ticket granting ticket options:</p>
-<dl>
-<dt><strong>-l</strong> <em>lifetime</em> <strong>-r</strong> <em>time</em> <strong>-p</strong> <strong>-P</strong> <strong>-f</strong> <strong>-F</strong></dt><dd><p>The ticket granting ticket options only apply to the case where
-there are no appropriate tickets in the cache to authenticate the
-source user. In this case if ksu is configured to prompt users
-for a Kerberos password (<strong>GET_TGT_VIA_PASSWD</strong> is defined), the
-ticket granting ticket options that are specified will be used
-when getting a ticket granting ticket from the Kerberos server.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-l</strong> <em>lifetime</em></dt><dd><p>(<a class="reference internal" href="../../basic/date_format.html#duration"><span class="std std-ref">Time duration</span></a> string.) Specifies the lifetime to be requested
-for the ticket; if this option is not specified, the default ticket
-lifetime (12 hours) is used instead.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-r</strong> <em>time</em></dt><dd><p>(<a class="reference internal" href="../../basic/date_format.html#duration"><span class="std std-ref">Time duration</span></a> string.) Specifies that the <strong>renewable</strong> option
-should be requested for the ticket, and specifies the desired
-total lifetime of the ticket.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-p</strong></dt><dd><p>specifies that the <strong>proxiable</strong> option should be requested for
-the ticket.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-P</strong></dt><dd><p>specifies that the <strong>proxiable</strong> option should not be requested
-for the ticket, even if the default configuration is to ask for
-proxiable tickets.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-f</strong></dt><dd><p>option specifies that the <strong>forwardable</strong> option should be
-requested for the ticket.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-F</strong></dt><dd><p>option specifies that the <strong>forwardable</strong> option should not be
-requested for the ticket, even if the default configuration is to
-ask for forwardable tickets.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-e</strong> <em>command</em> [<em>args</em> …]</dt><dd><p>ksu proceeds exactly the same as if it was invoked without the
-<strong>-e</strong> option, except instead of executing the target shell, ksu
-executes the specified command. Example of usage:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ksu</span> <span class="n">bob</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">e</span> <span class="n">ls</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">lag</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>The authorization algorithm for <strong>-e</strong> is as follows:</p>
-<p>If the source user is root or source user == target user, no
-authorization takes place and the command is executed. If source
-user id != 0, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~target_user/.k5users</span></code> file does not exist,
-authorization fails. Otherwise, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~target_user/.k5users</span></code> file
-must have an appropriate entry for target principal to get
-authorized.</p>
-<p>The .k5users file format:</p>
-<p>A single principal entry on each line that may be followed by a
-list of commands that the principal is authorized to execute. A
-principal name followed by a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*</span></code> means that the user is
-authorized to execute any command. Thus, in the following
-example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">jqpublic</span><span class="nd">@USC</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EDU</span> <span class="n">ls</span> <span class="n">mail</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">kerberos</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">klist</span>
-<span class="n">jqpublic</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">secure</span><span class="nd">@USC</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EDU</span> <span class="o">*</span>
-<span class="n">jqpublic</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">admin</span><span class="nd">@USC</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EDU</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jqpublic&#64;USC.EDU</span></code> is only authorized to execute <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ls</span></code>,
-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">klist</span></code> commands. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jqpublic/secure&#64;USC.EDU</span></code> is
-authorized to execute any command. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jqpublic/admin&#64;USC.EDU</span></code> is
-not authorized to execute any command. Note, that
-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jqpublic/admin&#64;USC.EDU</span></code> is authorized to execute the target
-shell (regular ksu, without the <strong>-e</strong> option) but
-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jqpublic&#64;USC.EDU</span></code> is not.</p>
-<p>The commands listed after the principal name must be either a full
-path names or just the program name. In the second case,
-<strong>CMD_PATH</strong> specifying the location of authorized programs must
-be defined at the compilation time of ksu. Which command gets
-executed?</p>
-<p>If the source user is root or the target user is the source user
-or the user is authorized to execute any command (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*</span></code> entry)
-then command can be either a full or a relative path leading to
-the target program. Otherwise, the user must specify either a
-full path or just the program name.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>-a</strong> <em>args</em></dt><dd><p>Specify arguments to be passed to the target shell. Note that all
-flags and parameters following -a will be passed to the shell,
-thus all options intended for ksu must precede <strong>-a</strong>.</p>
-<p>The <strong>-a</strong> option can be used to simulate the <strong>-e</strong> option if
-used as follows:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">command</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">arguments</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="o">.</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>-c</strong> is interpreted by the c-shell to execute the command.</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section id="installation-instructions">
-<h2>INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-instructions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p>ksu can be compiled with the following four flags:</p>
-<dl class="simple">
-<dt><strong>GET_TGT_VIA_PASSWD</strong></dt><dd><p>In case no appropriate tickets are found in the source cache, the
-user will be prompted for a Kerberos password. The password is
-then used to get a ticket granting ticket from the Kerberos
-server. The danger of configuring ksu with this macro is if the
-source user is logged in remotely and does not have a secure
-channel, the password may get exposed.</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>PRINC_LOOK_AHEAD</strong></dt><dd><p>During the resolution of the default principal name,
-<strong>PRINC_LOOK_AHEAD</strong> enables ksu to find principal names in
-the .k5users file as described in the OPTIONS section
-(see <strong>-n</strong> option).</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>CMD_PATH</strong></dt><dd><p>Specifies a list of directories containing programs that users are
-authorized to execute (via .k5users file).</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><strong>HAVE_GETUSERSHELL</strong></dt><dd><p>If the source user is non-root, ksu insists that the target user’s
-shell to be invoked is a “legal shell”. <em>getusershell(3)</em> is
-called to obtain the names of “legal shells”. Note that the
-target user’s shell is obtained from the passwd file.</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<p>Sample configuration:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">KSU_OPTS</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">DGET_TGT_VIA_PASSWD</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">DPRINC_LOOK_AHEAD</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">DCMD_PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;/bin /usr/ucb /local/bin&quot;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>ksu should be owned by root and have the set user id bit turned on.</p>
-<p>ksu attempts to get a ticket for the end server just as Kerberized
-telnet and rlogin. Thus, there must be an entry for the server in the
-Kerberos database (e.g., <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">host/nii.isi.edu&#64;ISI.EDU</span></code>). The keytab
-file must be in an appropriate location.</p>
-</section>
-<section id="side-effects">
-<h2>SIDE EFFECTS<a class="headerlink" href="#side-effects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p>ksu deletes all expired tickets from the source cache.</p>
-</section>
-<section id="author-of-ksu">
-<h2>AUTHOR OF KSU<a class="headerlink" href="#author-of-ksu" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p>GENNADY (ARI) MEDVINSKY</p>
-</section>
-<section id="environment">
-<h2>ENVIRONMENT<a class="headerlink" href="#environment" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../user_config/kerberos.html#kerberos-7"><span class="std std-ref">kerberos</span></a> for a description of Kerberos environment
-variables.</p>
-</section>
-<section id="see-also">
-<h2>SEE ALSO<a class="headerlink" href="#see-also" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
-<p><a class="reference internal" href="../user_config/kerberos.html#kerberos-7"><span class="std std-ref">kerberos</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="kinit.html#kinit-1"><span class="std std-ref">kinit</span></a></p>
-</section>
-</section>
-
-
- <div class="clearer"></div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sidebar">
-
- <h2>On this page</h2>
- <ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">ksu</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#requirements">REQUIREMENTS</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#authentication">AUTHENTICATION</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#authorization">AUTHORIZATION</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#execution-of-the-target-shell">EXECUTION OF THE TARGET SHELL</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-a-new-security-context">CREATING A NEW SECURITY CONTEXT</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#options">OPTIONS</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#installation-instructions">INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#side-effects">SIDE EFFECTS</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#author-of-ksu">AUTHOR OF KSU</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#environment">ENVIRONMENT</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#see-also">SEE ALSO</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
- <br/>
- <h2>Table of contents</h2>
- <ul class="current">
-<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../index.html">For users</a><ul class="current">
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../pwd_mgmt.html">Password management</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tkt_mgmt.html">Ticket management</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../user_config/index.html">User config files</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">User commands</a><ul class="current">
-<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="kdestroy.html">kdestroy</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="kinit.html">kinit</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="klist.html">klist</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="kpasswd.html">kpasswd</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="krb5-config.html">krb5-config</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">ksu</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="kswitch.html">kswitch</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="kvno.html">kvno</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="sclient.html">sclient</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../admin/index.html">For administrators</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../appdev/index.html">For application developers</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../plugindev/index.html">For plugin module developers</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../build/index.html">Building Kerberos V5</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../basic/index.html">Kerberos V5 concepts</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../formats/index.html">Protocols and file formats</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../mitK5features.html">MIT Kerberos features</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../build_this.html">How to build this documentation from the source</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../about.html">Contributing to the MIT Kerberos Documentation</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../resources.html">Resources</a></li>
-</ul>
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