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-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
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-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
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-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
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-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     @(#)access.2	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/1/94
-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\"
-.Dd March 30, 2021
-.Dt ACCESS 2
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm access ,
-.Nm eaccess ,
-.Nm faccessat
-.Nd check accessibility of a file
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libc
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In unistd.h
-.Ft int
-.Fn access "const char *path" "int mode"
-.Ft int
-.Fn eaccess "const char *path" "int mode"
-.Ft int
-.Fn faccessat "int fd" "const char *path" "int mode" "int flag"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn access
-and
-.Fn eaccess
-system calls check the accessibility of the
-file named by
-the
-.Fa path
-argument
-for the access permissions indicated by
-the
-.Fa mode
-argument.
-The value of
-.Fa mode
-is either the bitwise-inclusive OR of the access permissions to be
-checked
-.Dv ( R_OK
-for read permission,
-.Dv W_OK
-for write permission, and
-.Dv X_OK
-for execute/search permission),
-or the existence test
-.Pq Dv F_OK .
-.Pp
-For additional information, see the
-.Sx "File Access Permission"
-section of
-.Xr intro 2 .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn eaccess
-system call uses
-the effective user ID and the group access list
-to authorize the request;
-the
-.Fn access
-system call uses
-the real user ID in place of the effective user ID,
-the real group ID in place of the effective group ID,
-and the rest of the group access list.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn faccessat
-system call is equivalent to
-.Fn access
-except in the case where
-.Fa path
-specifies a relative path.
-In this case the file whose accessibility is to be determined is
-located relative to the directory associated with the file descriptor
-.Fa fd
-instead of the current working directory.
-If
-.Fn faccessat
-is passed the special value
-.Dv AT_FDCWD
-in the
-.Fa fd
-parameter, the current working directory is used and the behavior is
-identical to a call to
-.Fn access .
-Values for
-.Fa flag
-are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from the following
-list, defined in
-.In fcntl.h :
-.Bl -tag -width indent
-.It Dv AT_EACCESS
-The checks for accessibility are performed using the effective user and group
-IDs instead of the real user and group ID as required in a call to
-.Fn access .
-.It Dv AT_RESOLVE_BENEATH
-Only walk paths below the directory specified by the
-.Ar fd
-descriptor.
-See the description of the
-.Dv O_RESOLVE_BENEATH
-flag in the
-.Xr open 2
-manual page.
-.It Dv AT_EMPTY_PATH
-If the
-.Fa path
-argument is an empty string, operate on the file or directory
-referenced by the descriptor
-.Fa fd .
-If
-.Fa fd
-is equal to
-.Dv AT_FDCWD ,
-operate on the current working directory.
-.El
-.Pp
-Even if a process's real or effective user has appropriate privileges
-and indicates success for
-.Dv X_OK ,
-the file may not actually have execute permission bits set.
-Likewise for
-.Dv R_OK
-and
-.Dv W_OK .
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-.Rv -std
-.Sh ERRORS
-.Fn access ,
-.Fn eaccess ,
-or
-.Fn faccessat
-will fail if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EINVAL
-The value of the
-.Fa mode
-argument is invalid.
-.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
-A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
-.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
-A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters,
-or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters.
-.It Bq Er ENOENT
-The named file does not exist.
-.It Bq Er ELOOP
-Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
-.It Bq Er EROFS
-Write access is requested for a file on a read-only file system.
-.It Bq Er ETXTBSY
-Write access is requested for a pure procedure (shared text)
-file presently being executed.
-.It Bq Er EACCES
-Permission bits of the file mode do not permit the requested
-access, or search permission is denied on a component of the
-path prefix.
-.It Bq Er EFAULT
-The
-.Fa path
-argument
-points outside the process's allocated address space.
-.It Bq Er EIO
-An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
-.It Bq Er EINTEGRITY
-Corrupted data was detected while reading from the file system.
-.El
-.Pp
-Also, the
-.Fn faccessat
-system call may fail if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EBADF
-The
-.Fa path
-argument does not specify an absolute path and the
-.Fa fd
-argument is
-neither
-.Dv AT_FDCWD
-nor a valid file descriptor.
-.It Bq Er EINVAL
-The value of the
-.Fa flag
-argument is not valid.
-.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
-The
-.Fa path
-argument is not an absolute path and
-.Fa fd
-is neither
-.Dv AT_FDCWD
-nor a file descriptor associated with a directory.
-.It Bq Er ENOTCAPABLE
-.Fa path
-is an absolute path,
-or contained a ".." component leading to a
-directory outside of the directory hierarchy specified by
-.Fa fd ,
-and the process is in capability mode.
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr chmod 2 ,
-.Xr intro 2 ,
-.Xr stat 2
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Fn access
-system call is expected to conform to
-.St -p1003.1-90 .
-The
-.Fn faccessat
-system call follows The Open Group Extended API Set 2 specification.
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Fn access
-function appeared in
-.At v7 .
-The
-.Fn faccessat
-system call appeared in
-.Fx 8.0 .
-.Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
-The
-.Fn access
-system call
-is a potential security hole due to race conditions and
-should never be used.
-Set-user-ID and set-group-ID applications should restore the
-effective user or group ID,
-and perform actions directly rather than use
-.Fn access
-to simulate access checks for the real user or group ID.
-The
-.Fn eaccess
-system call
-likewise may be subject to races if used inappropriately.
-.Pp
-.Fn access
-remains useful for providing clues to users as to whether operations
-make sense for particular filesystem objects (e.g. 'delete' menu
-item only highlighted in a writable folder ... avoiding interpretation
-of the st_mode bits that the application might not understand --
-e.g. in the case of AFS).
-It also allows a cheaper file existence test than
-.Xr stat 2 .