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-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     @(#)chmod.2	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
-.\"
-.Dd March 30, 2021
-.Dt CHMOD 2
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm chmod ,
-.Nm fchmod ,
-.Nm lchmod ,
-.Nm fchmodat
-.Nd change mode of file
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libc
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In sys/stat.h
-.Ft int
-.Fn chmod "const char *path" "mode_t mode"
-.Ft int
-.Fn fchmod "int fd" "mode_t mode"
-.Ft int
-.Fn lchmod "const char *path" "mode_t mode"
-.Ft int
-.Fn fchmodat "int fd" "const char *path" "mode_t mode" "int flag"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The file permission bits of the file named specified by
-.Fa path
-or referenced by the file descriptor
-.Fa fd
-are changed to
-.Fa mode .
-The
-.Fn chmod
-system call verifies that the process owner (user) either owns
-the file specified by
-.Fa path
-(or
-.Fa fd ) ,
-or
-is the super-user.
-The
-.Fn chmod
-system call follows symbolic links to operate on the target of the link
-rather than the link itself.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn lchmod
-system call is similar to
-.Fn chmod
-but does not follow symbolic links.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn fchmodat
-is equivalent to either
-.Fn chmod
-or
-.Fn lchmod
-depending on the
-.Fa flag
-except in the case where
-.Fa path
-specifies a relative path.
-In this case the file to be changed is determined relative to the directory
-associated with the file descriptor
-.Fa fd
-instead of the current working directory.
-The values for the
-.Fa flag
-are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from the following list, defined
-in
-.In fcntl.h :
-.Bl -tag -width indent
-.It Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
-If
-.Fa path
-names a symbolic link, then the mode of the symbolic link is changed.
-.It Dv AT_RESOLVE_BENEATH
-Only walk paths below the directory specified by the
-.Ar fd
-descriptor.
-See the description of the
-.Dv O_RESOLVE_BENEATH
-flag in the
-.Xr open 2
-manual page.
-.It Dv AT_EMPTY_PATH
-If the
-.Fa path
-argument is an empty string, operate on the file or directory
-referenced by the descriptor
-.Fa fd .
-If
-.Fa fd
-is equal to
-.Dv AT_FDCWD ,
-operate on the current working directory.
-.El
-.Pp
-If
-.Fn fchmodat
-is passed the special value
-.Dv AT_FDCWD
-in the
-.Fa fd
-parameter, the current working directory is used.
-If also
-.Fa flag
-is zero, the behavior is identical to a call to
-.Fn chmod .
-.Pp
-A mode is created from
-.Em or'd
-permission bit masks
-defined in
-.In sys/stat.h :
-.Pp
-.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
-#define S_IRWXU 0000700    /* RWX mask for owner */
-#define S_IRUSR 0000400    /* R for owner */
-#define S_IWUSR 0000200    /* W for owner */
-#define S_IXUSR 0000100    /* X for owner */
-
-#define S_IRWXG 0000070    /* RWX mask for group */
-#define S_IRGRP 0000040    /* R for group */
-#define S_IWGRP 0000020    /* W for group */
-#define S_IXGRP 0000010    /* X for group */
-
-#define S_IRWXO 0000007    /* RWX mask for other */
-#define S_IROTH 0000004    /* R for other */
-#define S_IWOTH 0000002    /* W for other */
-#define S_IXOTH 0000001    /* X for other */
-
-#define S_ISUID 0004000    /* set user id on execution */
-#define S_ISGID 0002000    /* set group id on execution */
-#define S_ISVTX 0001000    /* sticky bit */
-.Ed
-.Pp
-The non-standard
-.Dv S_ISTXT
-is a synonym for
-.Dv S_ISVTX .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fx
-VM system totally ignores the sticky bit
-.Pq Dv S_ISVTX
-for executables.
-On UFS-based file systems (FFS, LFS) the sticky
-bit may only be set upon directories.
-.Pp
-If mode
-.Dv S_ISVTX
-(the `sticky bit') is set on a directory,
-an unprivileged user may not delete or rename
-files of other users in that directory.
-The sticky bit may be
-set by any user on a directory which the user owns or has appropriate
-permissions.
-For more details of the properties of the sticky bit, see
-.Xr sticky 7 .
-.Pp
-If mode ISUID (set UID) is set on a directory,
-and the MNT_SUIDDIR option was used in the mount of the file system,
-then the owner of any new files and sub-directories
-created within this directory are set
-to be the same as the owner of that directory.
-If this function is enabled, new directories will inherit
-the bit from their parents.
-Execute bits are removed from
-the file, and it will not be given to root.
-This behavior does not change the
-requirements for the user to be allowed to write the file, but only the eventual
-owner after it has been created.
-Group inheritance is not affected.
-.Pp
-This feature is designed for use on fileservers serving PC users via
-ftp, SAMBA, or netatalk.
-It provides security holes for shell users and as
-such should not be used on shell machines, especially on home directories.
-This option requires the SUIDDIR
-option in the kernel to work.
-Only UFS file systems support this option.
-For more details of the suiddir mount option, see
-.Xr mount 8 .
-.Pp
-Writing or changing the owner of a file
-turns off the set-user-id and set-group-id bits
-unless the user is the super-user.
-This makes the system somewhat more secure
-by protecting set-user-id (set-group-id) files
-from remaining set-user-id (set-group-id) if they are modified,
-at the expense of a degree of compatibility.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-.Rv -std
-.Sh ERRORS
-The
-.Fn chmod
-system call
-will fail and the file mode will be unchanged if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
-A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
-.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
-A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters,
-or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters.
-.It Bq Er ENOENT
-The named file does not exist.
-.It Bq Er EACCES
-Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
-.It Bq Er ELOOP
-Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
-.It Bq Er EPERM
-The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file and
-the effective user ID is not the super-user.
-.It Bq Er EPERM
-The effective user ID is not the super-user, the effective user ID do match the
-owner of the file, but the group ID of the file does not match the effective
-group ID nor one of the supplementary group IDs.
-.It Bq Er EPERM
-The named file has its immutable or append-only flag set, see the
-.Xr chflags 2
-manual page for more information.
-.It Bq Er EROFS
-The named file resides on a read-only file system.
-.It Bq Er EFAULT
-The
-.Fa path
-argument
-points outside the process's allocated address space.
-.It Bq Er EIO
-An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
-.It Bq Er EINTEGRITY
-Corrupted data was detected while reading from the file system.
-.It Bq Er EFTYPE
-The effective user ID is not the super-user, the mode includes the sticky bit
-.Dv ( S_ISVTX ) ,
-and path does not refer to a directory.
-.El
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn fchmod
-system call will fail if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EBADF
-The descriptor is not valid.
-.It Bq Er EINVAL
-The
-.Fa fd
-argument
-refers to a socket, not to a file.
-.It Bq Er EROFS
-The file resides on a read-only file system.
-.It Bq Er EIO
-An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
-.It Bq Er EINTEGRITY
-Corrupted data was detected while reading from the file system.
-.El
-.Pp
-In addition to the
-.Fn chmod
-errors,
-.Fn fchmodat
-fails if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EBADF
-The
-.Fa path
-argument does not specify an absolute path and the
-.Fa fd
-argument is neither
-.Fa AT_FDCWD
-nor a valid file descriptor open for searching.
-.It Bq Er EINVAL
-The value of the
-.Fa flag
-argument is not valid.
-.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
-The
-.Fa path
-argument is not an absolute path and
-.Fa fd
-is neither
-.Dv AT_FDCWD
-nor a file descriptor associated with a directory.
-.It Bq Er ENOTCAPABLE
-.Fa path
-is an absolute path,
-or contained a ".." component leading to a
-directory outside of the directory hierarchy specified by
-.Fa fd ,
-and the process is in capability mode or the
-.Dv AT_RESOLVE_BENEATH
-flag was specified.
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr chmod 1 ,
-.Xr chflags 2 ,
-.Xr chown 2 ,
-.Xr open 2 ,
-.Xr stat 2 ,
-.Xr sticky 7
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Fn chmod
-system call is expected to conform to
-.St -p1003.1-90 ,
-except for the return of
-.Er EFTYPE .
-The
-.Dv S_ISVTX
-bit on directories is expected to conform to
-.St -susv3 .
-The
-.Fn fchmodat
-system call is expected to conform to
-.St -p1003.1-2008 .
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Fn chmod
-function appeared in
-.At v1 .
-The
-.Fn fchmod
-system call appeared in
-.Bx 4.2 .
-The
-.Fn lchmod
-system call appeared in
-.Fx 3.0 .
-The
-.Fn fchmodat
-system call appeared in
-.Fx 8.0 .