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-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)dup.2 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
-.\"
-.Dd December 1, 2017
-.Dt DUP 2
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm dup ,
-.Nm dup2
-.Nd duplicate an existing file descriptor
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libc
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In unistd.h
-.Ft int
-.Fn dup "int oldd"
-.Ft int
-.Fn dup2 "int oldd" "int newd"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn dup
-system call
-duplicates an existing object descriptor and returns its value to
-the calling process
-.Fa ( newd
-=
-.Fn dup oldd ) .
-The argument
-.Fa oldd
-is a small non-negative integer index in
-the per-process descriptor table.
-The new descriptor returned by the call
-is the lowest numbered descriptor
-currently not in use by the process.
-.Pp
-The object referenced by the descriptor does not distinguish
-between
-.Fa oldd
-and
-.Fa newd
-in any way.
-Thus if
-.Fa newd
-and
-.Fa oldd
-are duplicate references to an open
-file,
-.Xr read 2 ,
-.Xr write 2
-and
-.Xr lseek 2
-calls all move a single pointer into the file,
-and append mode, non-blocking I/O and asynchronous I/O options
-are shared between the references.
-If a separate pointer into the file is desired, a different
-object reference to the file must be obtained by issuing an
-additional
-.Xr open 2
-system call.
-The close-on-exec flag on the new file descriptor is unset.
-.Pp
-In
-.Fn dup2 ,
-the value of the new descriptor
-.Fa newd
-is specified.
-If this descriptor is already in use and
-.Fa oldd
-\*(Ne
-.Fa newd ,
-the descriptor is first deallocated as if the
-.Xr close 2
-system call had been used.
-If
-.Fa oldd
-is not a valid descriptor, then
-.Fa newd
-is not closed.
-If
-.Fa oldd
-==
-.Fa newd
-and
-.Fa oldd
-is a valid descriptor, then
-.Fn dup2
-is successful, and does nothing.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-These calls return the new file descriptor if successful;
-otherwise the value -1 is returned and
-the external variable
-.Va errno
-is set to indicate the cause of the error.
-.Sh ERRORS
-The
-.Fn dup
-system call fails if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EBADF
-The
-.Fa oldd
-argument
-is not a valid active descriptor
-.It Bq Er EMFILE
-Too many descriptors are active.
-.El
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn dup2
-system call fails if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EBADF
-The
-.Fa oldd
-argument is not a valid active descriptor or the
-.Fa newd
-argument is negative or exceeds the maximum allowable descriptor number
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr accept 2 ,
-.Xr close 2 ,
-.Xr fcntl 2 ,
-.Xr getdtablesize 2 ,
-.Xr open 2 ,
-.Xr pipe 2 ,
-.Xr socket 2 ,
-.Xr socketpair 2 ,
-.Xr dup3 3
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Fn dup
-and
-.Fn dup2
-system calls are expected to conform to
-.St -p1003.1-90 .
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Fn dup
-function appeared in
-.At v3 .
-The
-.Fn dup2
-function appeared in
-.At v7 .