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-.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
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-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
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-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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-.\"
-.\"	From: @(#)listen.2	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
-.\"
-.Dd April 30, 2023
-.Dt LISTEN 2
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm listen
-.Nd listen for connections on a socket
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libc
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In sys/socket.h
-.Ft int
-.Fn listen "int s" "int backlog"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-To accept connections, a socket
-is first created with
-.Xr socket 2 ,
-a willingness to accept incoming connections and
-a queue limit for incoming connections are specified with
-.Fn listen ,
-and then the connections are
-accepted with
-.Xr accept 2 .
-The
-.Fn listen
-system call applies only to sockets of type
-.Dv SOCK_STREAM
-or
-.Dv SOCK_SEQPACKET .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa backlog
-argument defines the maximum length the queue of
-pending connections may grow to.
-The real maximum queue length will be 1.5 times more than the value
-specified in the
-.Fa backlog
-argument.
-A subsequent
-.Fn listen
-system call on the listening socket allows the caller to change the maximum
-queue length using a new
-.Fa backlog
-argument.
-If a connection
-request arrives with the queue full the client may
-receive an error with an indication of
-.Er ECONNREFUSED ,
-or, in the case of TCP, the connection will be
-silently dropped.
-.Pp
-Current queue lengths of listening sockets can be queried using
-.Xr netstat 1
-command.
-.Pp
-Note that before
-.Fx 4.5
-and the introduction of the syncache,
-the
-.Fa backlog
-argument also determined the length of the incomplete
-connection queue, which held TCP sockets in the process
-of completing TCP's 3-way handshake.
-These incomplete connections
-are now held entirely in the syncache, which is unaffected by
-queue lengths.
-Inflated
-.Fa backlog
-values to help handle denial
-of service attacks are no longer necessary.
-.Pp
-The
-.Xr sysctl 3
-MIB variable
-.Va kern.ipc.soacceptqueue
-specifies a hard limit on
-.Fa backlog ;
-if a value greater than
-.Va kern.ipc.soacceptqueue
-or less than zero is specified,
-.Fa backlog
-is silently forced to
-.Va kern.ipc.soacceptqueue .
-.Pp
-If the listen queue overflows, the kernel will emit a syslog message
-using default priority LOG_DEBUG (7).
-The
-.Xr sysctl 3
-MIB variable
-.Va kern.ipc.sooverprio
-may be used to change this priority to any value in a range of 0..7
-(LOG_EMERG..LOG_DEBUG).
-See
-.Xr syslog 3
-for details.
-It may be set to -1 to disable these messages.
-.Pp
-The variable
-.Va kern.ipc.sooverinterval
-specifies a per-socket limit on how often the kernel will emit these messages.
-.Sh INTERACTION WITH ACCEPT FILTERS
-When accept filtering is used on a socket, a second queue will
-be used to hold sockets that have connected, but have not yet
-met their accept filtering criteria.
-Once the criteria has been
-met, these sockets will be moved over into the completed connection
-queue to be
-.Xr accept 2 Ns ed .
-If this secondary queue is full and a
-new connection comes in, the oldest socket which has not yet met
-its accept filter criteria will be terminated.
-.Pp
-This secondary queue, like the primary listen queue, is sized
-according to the
-.Fa backlog
-argument.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-.Rv -std listen
-.Sh ERRORS
-The
-.Fn listen
-system call
-will fail if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EBADF
-The argument
-.Fa s
-is not a valid descriptor.
-.It Bq Er EDESTADDRREQ
-The socket is not bound to a local address, and the protocol does not
-support listening on an unbound socket.
-.It Bq Er EINVAL
-The socket is already connected, or in the process of being connected.
-.It Bq Er ENOTSOCK
-The argument
-.Fa s
-is not a socket.
-.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
-The socket is not of a type that supports the operation
-.Fn listen .
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr netstat 1 ,
-.Xr accept 2 ,
-.Xr connect 2 ,
-.Xr socket 2 ,
-.Xr sysctl 3 ,
-.Xr syslog 3 ,
-.Xr sysctl 8 ,
-.Xr accept_filter 9
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Fn listen
-system call appeared in
-.Bx 4.2 .
-The ability to configure the maximum
-.Fa backlog
-at run-time, and to use a negative
-.Fa backlog
-to request the maximum allowable value, was introduced in
-.Fx 2.2 .
-The
-.Va kern.ipc.somaxconn
-.Xr sysctl 3
-has been replaced with
-.Va kern.ipc.soacceptqueue
-in
-.Fx 10.0
-to prevent confusion about its actual functionality.
-The original
-.Xr sysctl 3
-.Va kern.ipc.somaxconn
-is still available but hidden from a
-.Xr sysctl 3
--a output so that existing applications and scripts continue to work.