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-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
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-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
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-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     @(#)lseek.2	8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
-.\"
-.Dd July 13, 2020
-.Dt LSEEK 2
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm lseek
-.Nd reposition read/write file offset
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libc
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In unistd.h
-.Ft off_t
-.Fn lseek "int fildes" "off_t offset" "int whence"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn lseek
-system call repositions the offset of the file descriptor
-.Fa fildes
-to the
-argument
-.Fa offset
-according to the directive
-.Fa whence .
-The argument
-.Fa fildes
-must be an open
-file descriptor.
-The
-.Fn lseek
-system call
-repositions the file position pointer associated with the file
-descriptor
-.Fa fildes
-as follows:
-.Bl -item -offset indent
-.It
-If
-.Fa whence
-is
-.Dv SEEK_SET ,
-the offset is set to
-.Fa offset
-bytes.
-.It
-If
-.Fa whence
-is
-.Dv SEEK_CUR ,
-the offset is set to its current location plus
-.Fa offset
-bytes.
-.It
-If
-.Fa whence
-is
-.Dv SEEK_END ,
-the offset is set to the size of the
-file plus
-.Fa offset
-bytes.
-.It
-If
-.Fa whence
-is
-.Dv SEEK_HOLE ,
-the offset is set to the start of the next hole greater than or equal
-to the supplied
-.Fa offset .
-The definition of a hole is provided below.
-.It
-If
-.Fa whence
-is
-.Dv SEEK_DATA ,
-the offset is set to the start of the next non-hole file region greater
-than or equal to the supplied
-.Fa offset .
-.El
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn lseek
-system call allows the file offset to be set beyond the end
-of the existing end-of-file of the file.
-If data is later written
-at this point, subsequent reads of the data in the gap return
-bytes of zeros (until data is actually written into the gap).
-However, the
-.Fn lseek
-system call does not, by itself, extend the size of a file.
-.Pp
-A
-.Qq hole
-is defined as a contiguous range of bytes in a file, all having the value of
-zero, but not all zeros in a file are guaranteed to be represented as holes
-returned with
-.Dv SEEK_HOLE .
-File systems are allowed to expose ranges of zeros with
-.Dv SEEK_HOLE ,
-but not required to.
-Applications can use
-.Dv SEEK_HOLE
-to optimise their behavior for ranges of zeros, but must not depend on it to
-find all such ranges in a file.
-Each file is presented as having a zero-size virtual hole at the very
-end of the file.
-The existence of a hole at the end of every data region allows for easy
-programming and also provides compatibility to the original implementation
-in Solaris.
-It also causes the current file size (i.e., end-of-file offset) to be returned
-to indicate that there are no more holes past the supplied
-.Fa offset .
-Applications should use
-.Fn fpathconf _PC_MIN_HOLE_SIZE
-or
-.Fn pathconf _PC_MIN_HOLE_SIZE
-to determine if a file system supports
-.Dv SEEK_HOLE .
-See
-.Xr pathconf 2 .
-.Pp
-For file systems that do not supply information about holes, the file will be
-represented as one entire data region.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-Upon successful completion,
-.Fn lseek
-returns the resulting offset location as measured in bytes from the
-beginning of the file.
-Otherwise,
-a value of -1 is returned and
-.Va errno
-is set to indicate
-the error.
-.Sh ERRORS
-The
-.Fn lseek
-system call
-will fail and the file position pointer will remain unchanged if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EBADF
-The
-.Fa fildes
-argument
-is not an open file descriptor.
-.It Bq Er EINVAL
-The
-.Fa whence
-argument
-is not a proper value
-or the resulting file offset would
-be negative for a non-character special file.
-.It Bq Er ENXIO
-For
-.Dv SEEK_DATA ,
-there are no more data regions past the supplied offset.
-Due to existence of the hole at the end of the file, for
-.Dv SEEK_HOLE
-this error is only returned when the
-.Fa offset
-already points to the end-of-file position.
-.It Bq Er EOVERFLOW
-The resulting file offset would be a value which cannot be represented
-correctly in an object of type
-.Fa off_t .
-.It Bq Er ESPIPE
-The
-.Fa fildes
-argument
-is associated with a pipe, socket, or FIFO.
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr dup 2 ,
-.Xr open 2 ,
-.Xr pathconf 2
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Fn lseek
-system call is expected to conform to
-.St -p1003.1-2008 .
-.Pp
-The
-.Dv SEEK_HOLE
-and
-.Dv SEEK_DATA
-directives, along with the
-.Er ENXIO
-error, are extensions to that specification.
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Fn lseek
-function appeared in
-.At v7 .
-.Sh BUGS
-If the
-.Fn lseek
-system call is operating on a device which is incapable of seeking,
-it will request the seek operation and return successfully,
-even though no seek was performed.
-Because the
-.Ar offset
-argument will be stored unconditionally in the file descriptor of that device,
-there is no way to confirm if the seek operation succeeded or not
-(e.g. using the
-.Fn ftell
-function).
-Device types which are known to be incapable of seeking include
-tape drives.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn lseek
-system call will not detect whether media are present in changeable
-media devices such as DVD or Blu-ray devices.
-A requested seek operation will therefore return sucessfully when no
-medium is present.
-.Pp
-This document's use of
-.Fa whence
-is incorrect English, but is maintained for historical reasons.