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-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 1995 David Hovemeyer <daveho@infocom.com>
-.\"
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
-.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
-.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
-.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
-.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\"
-.Dd September 22, 1995
-.Dt SEMOP 2
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm semop
-.Nd atomic array of operations on a semaphore set
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libc
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In sys/types.h
-.In sys/ipc.h
-.In sys/sem.h
-.Ft int
-.Fn semop "int semid" "struct sembuf *array" "size_t nops"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn semop
-system call
-atomically performs the array of operations indicated by
-.Fa array
-on the semaphore set indicated by
-.Fa semid .
-The length of
-.Fa array
-is indicated by
-.Fa nops .
-Each operation is encoded in a
-.Vt "struct sembuf" ,
-which is defined as follows:
-.\"
-.\" From <sys/sem.h>
-.\"
-.Bd -literal
-struct sembuf {
-        u_short sem_num;        /* semaphore # */
-        short   sem_op;         /* semaphore operation */
-        short   sem_flg;        /* operation flags */
-};
-.Ed
-.Pp
-For each element in
-.Fa array ,
-.Va sem_op
-and
-.Va sem_flg
-determine an operation to be performed on semaphore number
-.Va sem_num
-in the set.
-The values
-.Dv SEM_UNDO
-and
-.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
-may be
-.Em OR Ns 'ed
-into the
-.Va sem_flg
-member in order to modify the behavior of the given operation.
-.Pp
-The operation performed depends as follows on the value of
-.Va sem_op :
-.\"
-.\" This section is based on the description of semop() in
-.\" Stevens, _Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment_,
-.\" and the semop(2) description in The Open Group Unix2 specification.
-.\"
-.Bl -bullet
-.It
-When
-.Va sem_op
-is positive and the process has alter permission,
-the semaphore's value is incremented by
-.Va sem_op Ns 's
-value.
-If
-.Dv SEM_UNDO
-is specified, the semaphore's adjust on exit value is decremented by
-.Va sem_op Ns 's
-value.
-A positive value for
-.Va sem_op
-generally corresponds to a process releasing a resource
-associated with the semaphore.
-.It
-The behavior when
-.Va sem_op
-is negative and the process has alter permission,
-depends on the current value of the semaphore:
-.Bl -bullet
-.It
-If the current value of the semaphore is greater than or equal to
-the absolute value of
-.Va sem_op ,
-then the value is decremented by the absolute value of
-.Va sem_op .
-If
-.Dv SEM_UNDO
-is specified, the semaphore's adjust on exit
-value is incremented by the absolute value of
-.Va sem_op .
-.It
-If the current value of the semaphore is less than the absolute value of
-.Va sem_op ,
-one of the following happens:
-.\" XXX a *second* sublist?
-.Bl -bullet
-.It
-If
-.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
-was specified, then
-.Fn semop
-returns immediately with a return value of
-.Er EAGAIN .
-.It
-Otherwise, the calling process is put to sleep until one of the following
-conditions is satisfied:
-.\" XXX We already have two sublists, why not a third?
-.Bl -bullet
-.It
-Some other process removes the semaphore with the
-.Dv IPC_RMID
-option of
-.Xr semctl 2 .
-In this case,
-.Fn semop
-returns immediately with a return value of
-.Er EIDRM .
-.It
-The process receives a signal that is to be caught.
-In this case, the process will resume execution as defined by
-.Xr sigaction 2 .
-.It
-The semaphore's
-value is greater than or equal to the absolute value of
-.Va sem_op .
-When this condition becomes true, the semaphore's value is decremented
-by the absolute value of
-.Va sem_op ,
-the semaphore's adjust on exit value is incremented by the
-absolute value of
-.Va sem_op .
-.El
-.El
-.El
-.Pp
-A negative value for
-.Va sem_op
-generally means that a process is waiting for a resource to become
-available.
-.It
-When
-.Va sem_op
-is zero and the process has read permission,
-one of the following will occur:
-.Bl -bullet
-.It
-If the current value of the semaphore is equal to zero
-then
-.Fn semop
-can return immediately.
-.It
-If
-.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
-was specified, then
-.Fn semop
-returns immediately with a return value of
-.Er EAGAIN .
-.It
-Otherwise, the calling process is put to sleep until one of the following
-conditions is satisfied:
-.\" XXX Another nested sublists
-.Bl -bullet
-.It
-Some other process removes the semaphore with the
-.Dv IPC_RMID
-option of
-.Xr semctl 2 .
-In this case,
-.Fn semop
-returns immediately with a return value of
-.Er EIDRM .
-.It
-The process receives a signal that is to be caught.
-In this case, the process will resume execution as defined by
-.Xr sigaction 2 .
-.It
-The semaphore's value becomes zero.
-.El
-.El
-.El
-.Pp
-For each semaphore a process has in use, the kernel maintains an
-.Dq "adjust on exit"
-value, as alluded to earlier.
-When a process
-exits, either voluntarily or involuntarily, the adjust on exit value
-for each semaphore is added to the semaphore's value.
-This can
-be used to ensure that a resource is released if a process terminates
-unexpectedly.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-.Rv -std semop
-.Sh ERRORS
-The
-.Fn semop
-system call will fail if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EINVAL
-No semaphore set corresponds to
-.Fa semid ,
-or the process would exceed the system-defined limit for the number of
-per-process
-.Dv SEM_UNDO
-structures.
-.It Bq Er EACCES
-Permission denied due to mismatch between operation and mode of
-semaphore set.
-.It Bq Er EAGAIN
-The semaphore's value would have resulted in the process being put to sleep
-and
-.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
-was specified.
-.It Bq Er E2BIG
-Too many operations were specified.
-.Bq Dv SEMOPM
-.It Bq Er EFBIG
-.\"
-.\" I'd have thought this would be EINVAL, but the source says
-.\" EFBIG.
-.\"
-.Va sem_num
-was not in the range of valid semaphores for the set.
-.It Bq Er EIDRM
-The semaphore set was removed from the system.
-.It Bq Er EINTR
-The
-.Fn semop
-system call was interrupted by a signal.
-.It Bq Er ENOSPC
-The system
-.Dv SEM_UNDO
-pool
-.Bq Dv SEMMNU
-is full.
-.It Bq Er ERANGE
-The requested operation would cause either
-the semaphore's current value
-.Bq Dv SEMVMX
-or its adjust on exit value
-.Bq Dv SEMAEM
-to exceed the system-imposed limits.
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr semctl 2 ,
-.Xr semget 2 ,
-.Xr sigaction 2
-.Sh BUGS
-The
-.Fn semop
-system call
-may block waiting for memory even if
-.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
-was specified.