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+.\" -*- mode: troff; coding: utf-8 -*-
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 5.0102 (Pod::Simple 3.45)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" \*(C` and \*(C' are quotes in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.ie n \{\
+. ds C` ""
+. ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+. ds C`
+. ds C'
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.\"
+.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
+.de IX
+..
+.nr rF 0
+.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
+.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
+. if \nF \{\
+. de IX
+. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+. if !\nF==2 \{\
+. nr % 0
+. nr F 2
+. \}
+. \}
+.\}
+.rr rF
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "BIO_PUSH 3ossl"
+.TH BIO_PUSH 3ossl 2025-09-30 3.5.4 OpenSSL
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH NAME
+BIO_push, BIO_pop, BIO_set_next \- add and remove BIOs from a chain
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.Vb 1
+\& #include <openssl/bio.h>
+\&
+\& BIO *BIO_push(BIO *b, BIO *next);
+\& BIO *BIO_pop(BIO *b);
+\& void BIO_set_next(BIO *b, BIO *next);
+.Ve
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBBIO_push()\fR pushes \fIb\fR on \fInext\fR.
+If \fIb\fR is NULL the function does nothing and returns \fInext\fR.
+Otherwise it prepends \fIb\fR, which may be a single BIO or a chain of BIOs,
+to \fInext\fR (unless \fInext\fR is NULL).
+It then makes a control call on \fIb\fR and returns \fIb\fR.
+.PP
+\&\fBBIO_pop()\fR removes the BIO \fIb\fR from any chain is is part of.
+If \fIb\fR is NULL the function does nothing and returns NULL.
+Otherwise it makes a control call on \fIb\fR and
+returns the next BIO in the chain, or NULL if there is no next BIO.
+The removed BIO becomes a single BIO with no association with
+the original chain, it can thus be freed or be made part of a different chain.
+.PP
+\&\fBBIO_set_next()\fR replaces the existing next BIO in a chain with the BIO pointed to
+by \fInext\fR. The new chain may include some of the same BIOs from the old chain
+or it may be completely different.
+.SH NOTES
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+The names of these functions are perhaps a little misleading. \fBBIO_push()\fR
+joins two BIO chains whereas \fBBIO_pop()\fR deletes a single BIO from a chain,
+the deleted BIO does not need to be at the end of a chain.
+.PP
+The process of calling \fBBIO_push()\fR and \fBBIO_pop()\fR on a BIO may have additional
+consequences (a control call is made to the affected BIOs).
+Any effects will be noted in the descriptions of individual BIOs.
+.SH "RETURN VALUES"
+.IX Header "RETURN VALUES"
+\&\fBBIO_push()\fR returns the head of the chain,
+which usually is \fIb\fR, or \fInext\fR if \fIb\fR is NULL.
+.PP
+\&\fBBIO_pop()\fR returns the next BIO in the chain,
+or NULL if there is no next BIO.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+For these examples suppose \fImd1\fR and \fImd2\fR are digest BIOs,
+\&\fIb64\fR is a base64 BIO and \fIf\fR is a file BIO.
+.PP
+If the call:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& BIO_push(b64, f);
+.Ve
+.PP
+is made then the new chain will be \fIb64\-f\fR. After making the calls
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\& BIO_push(md2, b64);
+\& BIO_push(md1, md2);
+.Ve
+.PP
+the new chain is \fImd1\-md2\-b64\-f\fR. Data written to \fImd1\fR will be digested
+by \fImd1\fR and \fImd2\fR, base64 encoded, and finally written to \fIf\fR.
+.PP
+It should be noted that reading causes data to pass in the reverse
+direction, that is data is read from \fIf\fR, base64 decoded,
+and digested by \fImd2\fR and then \fImd1\fR.
+.PP
+The call:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& BIO_pop(md2);
+.Ve
+.PP
+will return \fIb64\fR and the new chain will be \fImd1\-b64\-f\fR.
+Data can be written to and read from \fImd1\fR as before,
+except that \fImd2\fR will no more be applied.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fBbio\fR\|(7)
+.SH HISTORY
+.IX Header "HISTORY"
+The \fBBIO_set_next()\fR function was added in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+Copyright 2000\-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+.PP
+Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
+in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
+<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.