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+.\" -*- mode: troff; coding: utf-8 -*-
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 5.0102 (Pod::Simple 3.45)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" \*(C` and \*(C' are quotes in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.ie n \{\
+. ds C` ""
+. ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+. ds C`
+. ds C'
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.\"
+.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
+.de IX
+..
+.nr rF 0
+.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
+.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
+. if \nF \{\
+. de IX
+. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+. if !\nF==2 \{\
+. nr % 0
+. nr F 2
+. \}
+. \}
+.\}
+.rr rF
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "X509_VERIFY_CERT 3ossl"
+.TH X509_VERIFY_CERT 3ossl 2025-09-30 3.5.4 OpenSSL
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH NAME
+X509_build_chain,
+X509_verify_cert,
+X509_STORE_CTX_verify \- build and verify X509 certificate chain
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.Vb 1
+\& #include <openssl/x509_vfy.h>
+\&
+\& STACK_OF(X509) *X509_build_chain(X509 *target, STACK_OF(X509) *certs,
+\& X509_STORE *store, int with_self_signed,
+\& OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
+\& int X509_verify_cert(X509_STORE_CTX *ctx);
+\& int X509_STORE_CTX_verify(X509_STORE_CTX *ctx);
+.Ve
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBX509_build_chain()\fR builds a certificate chain starting from \fItarget\fR
+using the optional list of intermediate CA certificates \fIcerts\fR.
+If \fIstore\fR is NULL it builds the chain as far down as possible, ignoring errors.
+Else the chain must reach a trust anchor contained in \fIstore\fR.
+It internally uses a \fBX509_STORE_CTX\fR structure associated with the library
+context \fIlibctx\fR and property query string \fIpropq\fR, both of which may be NULL.
+In case there is more than one possibility for the chain, only one is taken.
+.PP
+On success it returns a pointer to a new stack of (up_ref'ed) certificates
+starting with \fItarget\fR and followed by all available intermediate certificates.
+A self-signed trust anchor is included only if \fItarget\fR is the trust anchor
+of \fIwith_self_signed\fR is 1.
+If a non-NULL stack is returned the caller is responsible for freeing it.
+.PP
+The \fBX509_verify_cert()\fR function attempts to discover and validate a
+certificate chain based on parameters in \fIctx\fR.
+The verification context, of type \fBX509_STORE_CTX\fR, can be constructed
+using \fBX509_STORE_CTX_new\fR\|(3) and \fBX509_STORE_CTX_init\fR\|(3).
+It usually includes a target certificate to be verified,
+a set of certificates serving as trust anchors,
+a list of non-trusted certificates that may be helpful for chain construction,
+flags such as X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT, and various other optional components
+such as a callback function that allows customizing the verification outcome.
+A complete description of the certificate verification process is contained in
+the \fBopenssl\-verification\-options\fR\|(1) manual page.
+.PP
+Applications rarely call this function directly but it is used by
+OpenSSL internally for certificate validation, in both the S/MIME and
+SSL/TLS code.
+.PP
+A negative return value from \fBX509_verify_cert()\fR can occur if it is invoked
+incorrectly, such as with no certificate set in \fIctx\fR, or when it is called
+twice in succession without reinitialising \fIctx\fR for the second call.
+A negative return value can also happen due to internal resource problems
+or because an internal inconsistency has been detected.
+Applications must interpret any return value <= 0 as an error.
+.PP
+The \fBX509_STORE_CTX_verify()\fR behaves like \fBX509_verify_cert()\fR except that its
+target certificate is the first element of the list of untrusted certificates
+in \fIctx\fR unless a target certificate is set explicitly.
+.PP
+When the verification target is a raw public key, rather than a certificate,
+both functions validate the target raw public key.
+In that case the number of possible checks is significantly reduced.
+The raw public key can be authenticated only via DANE TLSA records, either
+locally synthesised or obtained by the application from DNS.
+Raw public key DANE TLSA records may be added via \fBSSL_add_expected_rpk\fR\|(3) or
+\&\fBSSL_dane_tlsa_add\fR\|(3).
+.SH "RETURN VALUES"
+.IX Header "RETURN VALUES"
+\&\fBX509_build_chain()\fR returns NULL on error, else a stack of certificates.
+.PP
+Both \fBX509_verify_cert()\fR and \fBX509_STORE_CTX_verify()\fR
+return 1 if a complete chain can be built and validated,
+otherwise they return 0, and in exceptional circumstances (such as malloc
+failure and internal errors) they can also return a negative code.
+.PP
+If a complete chain can be built and validated both functions return 1.
+If the certificate must be rejected on the basis of the data available
+or any required certificate status data is not available they return 0.
+If no definite answer possible they usually return a negative code.
+.PP
+On error or failure additional error information can be obtained by
+examining \fIctx\fR using, for example, \fBX509_STORE_CTX_get_error\fR\|(3). Even if
+verification indicated success, the stored error code may be different from
+X509_V_OK, likely because a verification callback function has waived the error.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fBSSL_add_expected_rpk\fR\|(3),
+\&\fBSSL_CTX_dane_enable\fR\|(3),
+\&\fBSSL_dane_tlsa_add\fR\|(3),
+\&\fBX509_STORE_CTX_new\fR\|(3),
+\&\fBX509_STORE_CTX_init\fR\|(3),
+\&\fBX509_STORE_CTX_init_rpk\fR\|(3),
+\&\fBX509_STORE_CTX_get_error\fR\|(3)
+.SH HISTORY
+.IX Header "HISTORY"
+\&\fBX509_build_chain()\fR and \fBX509_STORE_CTX_verify()\fR were added in OpenSSL 3.0.
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+Copyright 2009\-2023 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+.PP
+Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
+in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
+<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.