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+.\" -*- mode: troff; coding: utf-8 -*-
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 5.0102 (Pod::Simple 3.45)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" \*(C` and \*(C' are quotes in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.ie n \{\
+. ds C` ""
+. ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+. ds C`
+. ds C'
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.\"
+.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
+.de IX
+..
+.nr rF 0
+.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
+.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
+. if \nF \{\
+. de IX
+. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+. if !\nF==2 \{\
+. nr % 0
+. nr F 2
+. \}
+. \}
+.\}
+.rr rF
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "D2I_PRIVATEKEY 3ossl"
+.TH D2I_PRIVATEKEY 3ossl 2025-09-30 3.5.4 OpenSSL
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH NAME
+d2i_PrivateKey_ex, d2i_PrivateKey, d2i_PublicKey, d2i_KeyParams,
+d2i_AutoPrivateKey_ex, d2i_AutoPrivateKey, i2d_PrivateKey, i2d_PublicKey,
+i2d_KeyParams, i2d_KeyParams_bio, d2i_PrivateKey_ex_bio, d2i_PrivateKey_bio,
+d2i_PrivateKey_ex_fp, d2i_PrivateKey_fp, d2i_KeyParams_bio, i2d_PrivateKey_bio,
+i2d_PrivateKey_fp
+\&\- decode and encode functions for reading and saving EVP_PKEY structures
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.Vb 1
+\& #include <openssl/evp.h>
+\&
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_PrivateKey_ex(int type, EVP_PKEY **a, const unsigned char **pp,
+\& long length, OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx,
+\& const char *propq);
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_PrivateKey(int type, EVP_PKEY **a, const unsigned char **pp,
+\& long length);
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_PublicKey(int type, EVP_PKEY **a, const unsigned char **pp,
+\& long length);
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_KeyParams(int type, EVP_PKEY **a, const unsigned char **pp,
+\& long length);
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_AutoPrivateKey_ex(EVP_PKEY **a, const unsigned char **pp,
+\& long length, OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx,
+\& const char *propq);
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_AutoPrivateKey(EVP_PKEY **a, const unsigned char **pp,
+\& long length);
+\&
+\& int i2d_PrivateKey(const EVP_PKEY *a, unsigned char **pp);
+\& int i2d_PublicKey(const EVP_PKEY *a, unsigned char **pp);
+\& int i2d_KeyParams(const EVP_PKEY *a, unsigned char **pp);
+\& int i2d_KeyParams_bio(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *pkey);
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_KeyParams_bio(int type, EVP_PKEY **a, BIO *in);
+\&
+\&
+\& #include <openssl/x509.h>
+\&
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_PrivateKey_ex_bio(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **a, OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx,
+\& const char *propq);
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_PrivateKey_bio(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **a);
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_PrivateKey_ex_fp(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **a, OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx,
+\& const char *propq);
+\& EVP_PKEY *d2i_PrivateKey_fp(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **a);
+\&
+\& int i2d_PrivateKey_bio(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *pkey);
+\& int i2d_PrivateKey_fp(FILE *fp, const EVP_PKEY *pkey);
+.Ve
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex()\fR decodes a private key using algorithm \fItype\fR. It attempts
+to use any key-specific format or PKCS#8 unencrypted PrivateKeyInfo format.
+The \fItype\fR parameter should be a public key algorithm constant such as
+\&\fBEVP_PKEY_RSA\fR. An error occurs if the decoded key does not match \fItype\fR. Some
+private key decoding implementations may use cryptographic algorithms (for
+example to automatically derive the public key if it is not explicitly
+included in the encoding). In this case the supplied library context \fIlibctx\fR
+and property query string \fIpropq\fR are used.
+If successful and the \fIa\fR parameter is not NULL the function assigns the
+returned \fBEVP_PKEY\fR structure pointer to \fI*a\fR, overwriting any previous value.
+.PP
+\&\fBd2i_PrivateKey()\fR does the same as \fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex()\fR except that the default
+library context and property query string are used.
+\&\fBd2i_PublicKey()\fR does the same for public keys.
+\&\fBd2i_KeyParams()\fR does the same for key parameters.
+.PP
+The \fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex_bio()\fR and \fBd2i_PrivateKey_bio()\fR functions are similar to
+\&\fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex()\fR and \fBd2i_PrivateKey()\fR respectively except that they decode
+the data read from the given BIO. The \fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex_fp()\fR and
+\&\fBd2i_PrivateKey_fp()\fR functions are the same except that they read the data from
+the given FILE.
+.PP
+\&\fBd2i_AutoPrivateKey_ex()\fR and \fBd2i_AutoPrivateKey()\fR are similar to
+\&\fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex()\fR and \fBd2i_PrivateKey()\fR respectively except that they attempt
+to automatically detect the private key format.
+.PP
+\&\fBi2d_PrivateKey()\fR encodes \fIa\fR. It uses a key specific format or, if none is
+defined for that key type, PKCS#8 unencrypted PrivateKeyInfo format.
+\&\fBi2d_PublicKey()\fR does the same for public keys.
+\&\fBi2d_KeyParams()\fR does the same for key parameters.
+These functions are similar to the \fBd2i_X509()\fR functions; see \fBd2i_X509\fR\|(3).
+\&\fBi2d_PrivateKey_bio()\fR and \fBi2d_PrivateKey_fp()\fR do the same thing except that they
+encode to a \fBBIO\fR or \fBFILE\fR respectively. Again, these work similarly to the
+functions described in \fBd2i_X509\fR\|(3).
+.SH NOTES
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+All the functions that operate on data in memory update the data pointer \fI*pp\fR
+after a successful operation, just like the other d2i and i2d functions;
+see \fBd2i_X509\fR\|(3).
+.PP
+All these functions use DER format and unencrypted keys. Applications wishing
+to encrypt or decrypt private keys should use other functions such as
+\&\fBd2i_PKCS8PrivateKey()\fR instead.
+.PP
+To decode a key with type \fBEVP_PKEY_EC\fR, \fBd2i_PublicKey()\fR requires \fI*a\fR to be
+a non-NULL EVP_PKEY structure assigned an EC_KEY structure referencing the proper
+EC_GROUP.
+.SH "RETURN VALUES"
+.IX Header "RETURN VALUES"
+The \fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex()\fR, \fBd2i_PrivateKey()\fR, \fBd2i_AutoPrivateKey_ex()\fR,
+\&\fBd2i_AutoPrivateKey()\fR, \fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex_bio()\fR, \fBd2i_PrivateKey_bio()\fR,
+\&\fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex_fp()\fR, \fBd2i_PrivateKey_fp()\fR, \fBd2i_PublicKey()\fR, \fBd2i_KeyParams()\fR
+and \fBd2i_KeyParams_bio()\fR functions return a valid \fBEVP_PKEY\fR structure or NULL if
+an error occurs. The error code can be obtained by calling \fBERR_get_error\fR\|(3).
+.PP
+\&\fBi2d_PrivateKey()\fR, \fBi2d_PublicKey()\fR and \fBi2d_KeyParams()\fR return the number of
+bytes successfully encoded or a negative value if an error occurs. The error
+code can be obtained by calling \fBERR_get_error\fR\|(3).
+.PP
+\&\fBi2d_PrivateKey_bio()\fR, \fBi2d_PrivateKey_fp()\fR and \fBi2d_KeyParams_bio()\fR return 1 if
+successfully encoded or zero if an error occurs.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fBcrypto\fR\|(7),
+\&\fBd2i_PKCS8PrivateKey_bio\fR\|(3)
+.SH HISTORY
+.IX Header "HISTORY"
+\&\fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex()\fR, \fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex_bio()\fR, \fBd2i_PrivateKey_ex_fp()\fR, and
+\&\fBd2i_AutoPrivateKey_ex()\fR were added in OpenSSL 3.0.
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+Copyright 2017\-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+.PP
+Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
+in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
+<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.