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+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The FreeBSD Foundation
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Goran Mekić
+ *
+ * Portions of this software were developed by Christos Margiolis
+ * <christos@FreeBSD.org> under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include "oss.h"
+
+/*
+ * Split input buffer into channels. The input buffer is in interleaved format,
+ * which means if we have 2 channels (L and R), this is what the buffer of 8
+ * samples would contain: L,R,L,R,L,R,L,R. The result of this function is a
+ * buffer containing: L,L,L,L,R,R,R,R.
+ */
+static void
+to_channels(struct config *config, void *output)
+{
+ uint8_t *in = config->buf;
+ uint8_t *out = output;
+ int i, channel, index, offset, byte;
+
+ /* Iterate over bytes in the input buffer */
+ for (byte = 0; byte < config->buffer_info.bytes;
+ byte += config->sample_size) {
+ /*
+ * Get index of a sample in the input buffer measured in
+ * samples
+ */
+ i = byte / config->sample_size;
+
+ /* Get which channel is being processed */
+ channel = i % config->audio_info.max_channels;
+
+ /* Get offset of the sample inside a single channel */
+ offset = i / config->audio_info.max_channels;
+
+ /* Get index of a sample in the output buffer */
+ index = (channel * config->chsamples + offset) *
+ config->sample_size;
+
+ /* Copy singe sample from input to output */
+ memcpy(out+index, in+byte, config->sample_size);
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert channels into interleaved format and put into output buffer
+ */
+static void
+to_interleaved(struct config *config, void *input)
+{
+ uint8_t *out = config->buf;
+ uint8_t *in = input;
+ int i, index, offset, channel, byte;
+
+ /* Iterate over bytes in the input buffer */
+ for (byte = 0; byte < config->buffer_info.bytes;
+ byte += config->sample_size) {
+ /*
+ * Get index of a sample in the input buffer measured in
+ * samples
+ */
+ index = byte / config->sample_size;
+
+ /* Get which channel is being processed */
+ channel = index / config->chsamples;
+
+ /* Get offset of the sample inside a single channel */
+ offset = index % config->chsamples;
+
+ /* Get index of a sample in the output buffer */
+ i = (config->audio_info.max_channels * offset + channel) *
+ config->sample_size;
+
+ /* Copy singe sample from input to output */
+ memcpy(out+i, in+byte, config->sample_size);
+ }
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ struct config config = {
+ .device = "/dev/dsp",
+ .mode = O_RDWR,
+ .format = AFMT_S32_NE,
+ .sample_rate = 48000,
+ };
+ int32_t *channels;
+ int rc, bytes;
+
+ oss_init(&config);
+ bytes = config.buffer_info.bytes;
+ channels = malloc(bytes);
+
+ for (;;) {
+ if ((rc = read(config.fd, config.buf, bytes)) < bytes) {
+ warn("Requested %d bytes, but read %d!\n", bytes, rc);
+ break;
+ }
+ /*
+ * Strictly speaking, we could omit "channels" and operate only
+ * using config->buf, but this example tries to show the real
+ * world application usage. The problem is that the buffer is
+ * in interleaved format, and if you'd like to do any
+ * processing and/or mixing, it is easier to do that if samples
+ * are grouped per channel.
+ */
+ to_channels(&config, channels);
+ to_interleaved(&config, channels);
+ if ((rc = write(config.fd, config.buf, bytes)) < bytes) {
+ warn("Requested %d bytes, but wrote %d!\n", bytes, rc);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ free(channels);
+ free(config.buf);
+ close(config.fd);
+
+ return (0);
+}