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Following are examples of running py_mallocstk.d. This traces malloc() from
Python, printing byte distributions by user stack trace.
Here we see the script runnin on the program Code/Python/func_abc.py
# py_mallocstk.d -c ./func_abc.py
Tracing... Hit Ctrl-C to end.
Function A
Function B
Function C
Python malloc byte distributions by stack trace,
libc.so.1`malloc
libpython2.4.so.1.0`r_object+0x52f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`r_object+0x491
libpython2.4.so.1.0`r_object+0xd3
libpython2.4.so.1.0`r_object+0x491
libpython2.4.so.1.0`r_object+0xd3
libpython2.4.so.1.0`r_object+0x491
libpython2.4.so.1.0`r_object+0xd3
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString+0x36
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile+0x6a
libpython2.4.so.1.0`read_compiled_module+0xf
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_source_module+0x63
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_module+0xac
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_submodule+0xfb
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_next+0xee
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_module_ex+0x48
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ImportModuleEx+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`builtin___import__+0x4e
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyCFunction_Call+0x15f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_Call+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords+0xb8
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xd3c
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/encodings/__init__.py:28 (?) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCode+0x22
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx+0xc0
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_source_module+0xe6
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_module+0xac
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_package+0xef
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_module+0x6a
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_submodule+0xfb
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_next+0xa2
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_module_ex+0x48
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ImportModuleEx+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`_PyCodecRegistry_Init+0xce
libpython2.4.so.1.0`_PyCodec_Lookup+0x2a
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyCodec_Encoder+0xf
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_InitializeEx+0x257
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Initialize+0xd
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Main+0x4db
python`main+0x11
python`_start+0x7a
value ------------- Distribution ------------- count
0 | 0
1 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 1
2 | 0
libc.so.1`malloc
libpython2.4.so.1.0`_PyUnicode_New+0xb2
libpython2.4.so.1.0`_PyUnicodeUCS2_Init+0x19
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_InitializeEx+0x11c
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Initialize+0xd
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Main+0x4db
python`main+0x11
python`_start+0x7a
value ------------- Distribution ------------- count
1 | 0
2 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 1
4 | 0
libc.so.1`malloc
libc.so.1`_real_gettext_u+0x81
libc.so.1`dgettext+0x5e
libc.so.1`strerror+0x40
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject+0x2d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename+0x27
libpython2.4.so.1.0`posix_error_with_allocated_filename+0x17
libpython2.4.so.1.0`posix_do_stat+0x21f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`posix_stat+0x1f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyCFunction_Call+0x15f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0x406
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/posixpath.py:195 (isdir) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0xa8
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:202 (addsitepackages) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0xa8
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:382 (main) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0xa8
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:397 (?) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCode+0x22
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx+0xc0
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_source_module+0xe6
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_module+0xac
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_submodule+0xfb
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_next+0xa2
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_module_ex+0x48
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ImportModuleEx+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`builtin___import__+0x4e
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyCFunction_Call+0x15f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_Call+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_CallFunction+0x90
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_Import+0x163
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ImportModule+0x1f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`initsite+0x10
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_InitializeEx+0x1ea
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Initialize+0xd
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Main+0x4db
python`main+0x11
python`_start+0x7a
value ------------- Distribution ------------- count
1 | 0
2 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 1
4 | 0
[... around 17000 lines truncated ...]
libc.so.1`malloc
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_Malloc+0x126
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fixstate+0x26
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fixdfa+0x2a
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyGrammar_AddAccelerators+0x1b
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyParser_New+0x18
libpython2.4.so.1.0`parsetok+0x17
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyParser_ParseStringFlagsFilename+0x72
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyParser_ParseStringFlags+0x1c
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags+0x23
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyRun_StringFlags+0x2c
libpython2.4.so.1.0`builtin_eval+0x273
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyCFunction_Call+0x15f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0x406
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/os.py:503 (_exists) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0xa8
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/os.py:509 (?) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCode+0x22
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx+0xc0
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_source_module+0xe6
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_module+0xac
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_submodule+0xfb
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_next+0xa2
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_module_ex+0x48
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ImportModuleEx+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`builtin___import__+0x4e
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyCFunction_Call+0x15f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_Call+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords+0xb8
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xd3c
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:58 (?) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCode+0x22
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx+0xc0
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_source_module+0xe6
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_module+0xac
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_submodule+0xfb
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_next+0xa2
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_module_ex+0x48
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ImportModuleEx+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`builtin___import__+0x4e
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyCFunction_Call+0x15f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_Call+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_CallFunction+0x90
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_Import+0x163
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ImportModule+0x1f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`initsite+0x10
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_InitializeEx+0x1ea
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Initialize+0xd
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Main+0x4db
python`main+0x11
python`_start+0x7a
value ------------- Distribution ------------- count
256 | 0
512 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 331
1024 | 0
libc.so.1`malloc
libpython2.4.so.1.0`new_arena+0x13
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_Malloc+0x91
libpython2.4.so.1.0`string_concat+0x109
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyString_Concat+0x3b
libpython2.4.so.1.0`string_concatenate+0x150
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0x27cc
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/posixpath.py:62 (join) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`function_call+0x15e
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_Call+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`ext_do_call+0xfb
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xb4f
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:66 (makepath) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0x112
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:138 (addpackage) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0x112
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:166 (addsitedir) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0x112
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ <string>:1 (?) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCode+0x22
libpython2.4.so.1.0`run_node+0x35
libpython2.4.so.1.0`run_err_node+0x1f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyRun_String+0x27
libpython2.4.so.1.0`exec_statement+0x2b0
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0x15d6
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:134 (addpackage) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0x112
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:166 (addsitedir) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0x112
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:203 (addsitepackages) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0xa8
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:382 (main) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`fast_function+0xa8
libpython2.4.so.1.0`call_function+0xda
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalFrame+0xbdf
[ /usr/lib/python2.4/site.py:397 (?) ]
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x732
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyEval_EvalCode+0x22
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx+0xc0
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_source_module+0xe6
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_module+0xac
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_submodule+0xfb
libpython2.4.so.1.0`load_next+0xa2
libpython2.4.so.1.0`import_module_ex+0x48
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ImportModuleEx+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`builtin___import__+0x4e
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyCFunction_Call+0x15f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_Call+0x1d
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_CallFunction+0x90
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_Import+0x163
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyImport_ImportModule+0x1f
libpython2.4.so.1.0`initsite+0x10
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_InitializeEx+0x1ea
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Initialize+0xd
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Main+0x4db
value ------------- Distribution ------------- count
131072 | 0
262144 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 1
524288 | 0
libc.so.1`malloc
libpython2.4.so.1.0`new_arena+0x13
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyObject_Malloc+0x91
libpython2.4.so.1.0`_PyObject_GC_Malloc+0x13
libpython2.4.so.1.0`_PyObject_GC_NewVar+0x24
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyTuple_New+0x78
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyType_Ready+0x98
libpython2.4.so.1.0`PyType_Ready+0x60
libpython2.4.so.1.0`_Py_ReadyTypes+0x10
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_InitializeEx+0xed
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Initialize+0xd
libpython2.4.so.1.0`Py_Main+0x4db
python`main+0x11
python`_start+0x7a
value ------------- Distribution ------------- count
131072 | 0
262144 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 1
524288 | 0
This output looks a little unusual at first glance, and can be confusing for
people unfamiliar with stack tracing and Python engine internals.
Start by looking at the distribution plots below each stack trace - each plot
shows how many bytes were requested as a histogram by byte size. This should
indicated to you if python is malloc()ing much memory or not, and whether it
is doing so in a few large malloc()s or many small ones.
With this information in mind you can inspect the stack traces - these explain
why Python called malloc() in that instance, along with translations of Python
functions buried in the stack trace. The stack traces can be hard to read at
first (or even at second or at third) - since you are examining Python engine
internals. Try looking for lines in square brackets - those are Python language
frames, and will show where (or if) the malloc() was caused by Python code.
|
