1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
|
IMPORTANT NOTE:
As of Feb. 11, 2002 (and indeed, for quite some time before that),
the /etc/rc.diskless{1,2} scripts support a slightly different
diskless boot process than the one documented in the rest of
this file (which is 3 years old).
I am not deleting the information below because it contains some
useful background information on diskless operation, but for the
actual details you should look at /etc/rc.diskless1, /etc/rc.diskless2,
and the /usr/share/examples/diskless/clone_root script which can
be useful to set up clients and server for diskless boot.
--- $FreeBSD$ ---
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOTP configuration mechanism
Matthew Dillon
dillon@backplane.com
BOOTP kernels automatically configure the machine's IP address, netmask,
optional NFS based swap, and NFS based root mount. The NFS server will
typically export a shared read-only /, /usr, and /var to any number of
workstations. The shared read-only root is typically either the server's
own root or, if you are more security conscious, a contrived root.
The key issue with starting up a BOOTP kernel is that you typically want
to export read-only NFS partitions from the server, yet still be able to
customize each workstation ( or not ).
/etc/rc.diskless1 is responsible for doing core mounts and for retargeting
/conf/ME ( part of the read-only root NFS mount ) to /conf/$IP_OF_CLIENT.
/etc/rc.conf.local and /etc/rc.local, along with other machine-specific
configuration files, are typically softlinks to /conf/ME/<filename>.
In the BOOTP workstation /conf/$IP/rc.conf.local, you must typically
turn *OFF* most of the system option defaults in /etc/rc.conf as well
as do additional custom configuration of your environment
The /usr/src/share/examples/diskless directory contains a typical
X session / sshd based workstation configuration. The directories
involved are HT.DISKLESS/ and 192.157.86.12/.
Essentially, the $IP/ directory ( which rc.diskless looks for in
/conf/$IP/ ) contains all the junk. The HT.DISKLESS directory exists
to hold common elements of your custom configuration so you do not have
to repeat those elements for each workstation. The example /conf
structure included here shows how to create a working sshd setup ( so
you can sshd into the diskless workstation ), retarget xdm's pid and error
files to R+W directories if /usr is mounted read-only, and retarget
syslogd and other programs. This example is not designed to run out of
the box and some modifications are required.
>> NOTE << HT.DISKLESS/ttys contains the typical configuration required
to bring X up at boot time. Essentially, it runs xdm in the foreground
with the appropriate arguments rather then a getty on ttyv0. You must
run xdm on ttyv0 in order to prevent xdm racing with getty on a virtual
terminal. Such a race can cause your keyboard to be directed away from
the X session, essentially making the session unusable.
Typically you should start with a clean slate by tar-copying this example
directory to /conf and then hack on it in /conf rather then in
/usr/share/examples/diskless.
BOOTP CLIENT SETUP
Here is a typical kernel configuration. If you have only one ethernet
interface you do not need to wire BOOTP to a specific interface name.
BOOTP requires NFS and NFS_ROOT, and our boot scripts require MFS. If
your /tmp is *not* a softlink to /var/tmp, the scripts also require NULLFS
# BootP
#
options BOOTP # Use BOOTP to obtain IP address/hostname
options BOOTP_NFSROOT # NFS mount root filesystem using BOOTP info
options "BOOTP_NFSV3" # Use NFS v3 to NFS mount rootoptions
options BOOTP_COMPAT # Workaround for broken bootp daemons.
#options "BOOTP_WIRED_TO=de0"
options MFS # Memory File System
options NFS # Network Filesystem
options NFS_ROOT # Nfs can be root
options NULLFS # nullfs to map /var/tmp to /tmp
BOOTP SERVER SETUP
The BOOTP server must be running on the same logical LAN as the
BOOTP client(s). You need to setup two things:
(1) You need to NFS-export /, /usr, and /var.
(2) You need to run a BOOTP server. DHCPD can do this.
NFS Export:
Here is an example "/etc/exports" file.
/ -ro -maproot=root: -network 192.157.86.0 -mask 255.255.255.192
/usr -ro -maproot=root: -network 192.157.86.0 -mask 255.255.255.192
/var -ro -maproot=root: -network 192.157.86.0 -mask 255.255.255.192
In order to be an NFS server, the server must run portmap, mountd,
nfsd, and rpc.statd. The standard NFS server options in /etc/rc.conf
will work ( you should put your overrides in /etc/rc.conf.local on the
server and not edit the distribution /etc/rc.conf, though ).
BOOTP Server:
This configuration file "/etc/dhcpd.conf" example is for
the '/usr/ports/net/isc-dhcp' dhcpd port.
subnet 192.157.86.0 netmask 255.255.255.192 {
# range if you want to run the core dhcpd service of
# dynamic IP assignment, but it is not used with BOOTP
# workstations
range 192.157.86.32 192.157.86.62;
# misc configuration.
#
option routers 192.157.86.2;
option domain-name-servers 192.157.86.2;
server-name "apollo.fubar.com";
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.192;
option domain-name-servers 192.157.86.2;
option domain-name "fubar.com";
option broadcast-address 192.157.86.63;
option routers 192.157.86.2;
}
host test1 {
hardware ethernet 00:a0:c9:d3:38:25;
fixed-address 192.157.86.11;
option root-path "192.157.86.2:/";
option option-128 "192.157.86.2:/images/swap";
}
host test2 {
# hardware ethernet 00:e0:29:1d:16:09;
hardware ethernet 00:10:5a:a8:94:0e;
fixed-address 192.157.86.12;
option root-path "192.157.86.2:/";
option option-128 "192.157.86.2:/images/swap";
}
SWAP. This example includes options to automatically BOOTP configure
NFS swap on each workstation. In order to use this capabilities you
need to NFS-export a swap directory READ+WRITE to the workstations.
You must then create a swap directory for each workstation you wish to
assign swap to. In this example I created a dummy user 'lander' and
did an NFS export of /images/swap enforcing a UID of 'lander' for
all accesses.
apollo:/usr/ports/net# ls -la /images/swap
total 491786
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Dec 28 07:00 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 512 Jan 20 10:54 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 lander wheel 33554432 Dec 23 14:35 swap.192.157.86.11
-rw-r--r-- 1 lander wheel 335544320 Jan 24 16:55 swap.192.157.86.12
-rw-r--r-- 1 lander wheel 134217728 Jan 21 17:19 swap.192.157.86.6
A swap file is best created with dd:
# create a 32MB swap file for a BOOTP workstation
dd if=/dev/zero of=swap.IPADDRESS bs=1m count=32
It is generally a good idea to give your workstations some swap space,
but not a requirement if they have a lot of memory.
|
