path: root/share/man/man4/sppp.4

.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Joerg Wunsch
.\"
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd May 19, 1997
.Dt SPPP 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm sppp
.Nd point to point protocol network layer for synchronous lines
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "pseudo-device sppp"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
network layer implements the state machine and the Link Control
Protocol (LCP) of the
.Em point to point protocol (PPP)
as described in RFC 1661.  Note that this layer does not provide
network interfaces of its own, it is rather intended to be layered on
top of drivers providing a synchronuous point-to-point connection that
wish to run a PPP stack over it.  The corresponding network interfaces
have to be provided by these hardware drivers.
.Pp
The
.Nm
layer provides three basic modes of operation.  The default mode,
with no special flags to be set, is to create the PPP connection
(administrative
.Em Open
event to the LCP layer) as soon as the interface is taken up with the
.Xr ifconfig 8
command.  Taking the interface down again will terminate the LCP layer
and thus all other layers on top.  The link will also terminate itself as
soon as no Network Control Protocol (NCP) is open anymore, indicating
that the lower layers are no longer needed.
.Pp
Setting the link-level flag
.Em link0
with
.Xr ifconfig 8
will cause the respective network interface to go into
.Em passive
mode.  This means, the administrative
.Em Open
event to the LCP layer will be delayed until after the lower layers
signals an
.Em Up
event (rise of 
.Dq carrier ) .
This can be used by lower layers to support
a dialin connection where the physical layer isn't available
immediately at startup, but only after some external event arrives.
Receipt of a
.Em Down
event from the lower layer will not take the interface completely down
in this case.
.Pp
Finally, setting the flag
.Em link1
will cause the interface to operate in
.Em dial-on-demand
mode.  This is also only useful if the lower layer supports the notion
of a carrier (like with an ISDN line).  Upon configuring the
respective interface, it will delay the administrative
.Em Open
event to the LCP layer until either an outbound network packet
arrives, or until the lower layer signals an
.Em Up
event, indicating an inbound connection.  As with passive mode, receipt
of a
.Em Down
event (loss of carrier) will not automatically take the interface down,
thus it remains available for further connections.
.Pp
The
.Nm
layer supports the
.Em debug
interface flag that can be set with
.Xr ifconfig 8 .
If this flag is set, the various control protocol packets being
exchanged as well as the option negotiation between both ends of the
link will be logged at level
.Dv LOG_DEBUG .
This can be helpful to examine configuration problems during the first
attempts to set up a new configuration.  Without this flag being set,
only the major phase transitions will be logged at level
.Dv LOG_INFO .
.Pp
It is possible to leave the local interface IP address open for
negotiation by setting it to 0.0.0.0.  This requires that the remote
peer can correctly supply a value for it based on the identity of the
caller, or on the remote address supplied by this side.  Due to the
way the IPCP option negotiation works, this address is being supplied
late during the negotiation, which might cause the remote peer to make
wrong assumptions.
.Pp
In a similar spirit the remote address can be set to the magical
value 0.0.0.1 which means that we don't care what address the remote
side will use, as long as it is not 0.0.0.0.
This is useful if your ISP has several dial-in
servers.  You can of course
.Ic route add something or other 0.0.0.1
and it will do exactly what you would want it to.
.Pp
The PAP and CHAP authentication protocols as described in RFC 1334,
and RFC 1994 resp., are also implemented.  Their parameters are being
controlled by the
.Xr spppcontrol 8
utility.
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Bl -diag
.It <ifname><ifnum>: <proto> illegal <event> in state <statename>
An event happened that should not happen for the current state
the respective control protocol is in.  See RFC 1661 for a description
of the state automaton.
.It <ifname><ifnum>: loopback
The state automaton detected a line loopback (that is, it was talking
with itself).  The interface will be temporarily disabled.
.It <ifname><ifnum>: up
The LCP layer is running again, after a line loopback had previously
been detected.
.It <ifname><ifnum>: down
The keepalive facility detected the line being unresponsive.
Keepalive must be explicitly requested by the lower layers in order to
take place.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr inet 4 ,
.Xr intro 4 ,
.Xr ppp 4 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
.Xr spppcontrol 8
.Rs
.%A W. Simpson, Editor
.%T "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)"
.%O RFC 1661
.Re
.Rs
.%A G. McGregor
.%T "The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)"
.%O RFC 1332
.Re
.Rs
.%A B. Lloyd
.%A W. Simpson
.%T "PPP Authentication Protocols"
.%O RFC 1334
.Re
.Rs
.%A W. Simpson
.%T "PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)"
.%O RFC 1994
.Re
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The original implementation of
.Nm
was written in 1994 at Cronyx Ltd., Moscow by
.An Serge Vakulenko Aq vak@cronyx.ru .
.An J\(:org Wunsch
.Aq joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de
rewrote a large part in 1997 in order
to fully implement the state machine as described in RFC 1661, so it
could also be used for dialup lines.  He also wrote this man page.
Serge later on wrote a basic implementation for PAP and CHAP, which
served as the base for the current implementation, done again by
.An J\(:org Wunsch .
.Sh BUGS
Many.
.Pp
Currently, only the
.Em IPCP
control protocol and
.Xr ip 4
network protocol is supported.
.Pp
Negotiation loop avoidance is not fully implemented.  If the negotiation
doesn't converge, this can cause an endless loop.
.Pp
The various parameters that should be adjustable per RFC 1661 are
currently hard-coded into the kernel, and should be made accessible
through
.Xr spppcontrol 8 .
.Pp
.Em Passive
mode has not been tested extensively.
.Pp
More NCPs should be implemented, as well as other control protocols
for authentication and link quality reporting.
.Pp
IPCP should support VJ header compression.
.Pp
Link-level compression protocols should be supported.