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diff --git a/documentation/content/es/articles/ldap-auth/_index.po b/documentation/content/es/articles/ldap-auth/_index.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a58d41fc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/documentation/content/es/articles/ldap-auth/_index.po @@ -0,0 +1,1910 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE +# Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project +# This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package. +# Fernando Apesteguía <fernando.apesteguia@gmail.com>, 2021, 2022. +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-02-01 09:21-0300\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-08-12 06:38+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Fernando Apesteguía <fernando.apesteguia@gmail.com>\n" +"Language-Team: Spanish <https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/projects/" +"documentation/articlesldap-auth_index/es/>\n" +"Language: es\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n" +"X-Generator: Weblate 4.10.1\n" + +#. type: YAML Front Matter: description +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:1 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Guide for the configuration of an LDAP server for authentication on FreeBSD" +msgstr "" +"Guía para la configuración de un servidor de autenticación LDAP en FreeBSD" + +#. type: Title = +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:1 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:12 +#, no-wrap +msgid "LDAP Authentication" +msgstr "Autenticación LDAP" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:45 +msgid "Abstract" +msgstr "Resumen" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:48 +msgid "" +"This document is intended as a guide for the configuration of an LDAP server " +"(principally an OpenLDAP server) for authentication on FreeBSD. This is " +"useful for situations where many servers need the same user accounts, for " +"example as a replacement for NIS." +msgstr "" +"Este documento pretende ser una guía para la configuración de un servidor " +"LDAP (principalmente un servidor OpenLDAP) para la autenticación en FreeBSD. " +"Esto es útil para situaciones en las que muchos servidores necesitan las " +"mismas cuentas de usuario, por ejemplo, como reemplazo de NIS." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:50 +msgid "'''" +msgstr "'''" + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:54 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Preface" +msgstr "Prólogo" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:58 +msgid "" +"This document is intended to give the reader enough of an understanding of " +"LDAP to configure an LDAP server. This document will attempt to provide an " +"explanation of package:net/nss_ldap[] and package:security/pam_ldap[] for " +"use with client machines services for use with the LDAP server." +msgstr "" +"Este documento está destinado a proporcionar al lector una comprensión " +"suficiente de LDAP para configurar un servidor LDAP. Este documento " +"intentará proporcionar una explicación de package:net/nss_ldap[] y package:" +"security/pam_ldap[] para usarlos con los servicios de la máquina del cliente " +"para su uso con el servidor LDAP." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:60 +msgid "" +"When finished, the reader should be able to configure and deploy a FreeBSD " +"server that can host an LDAP directory, and to configure and deploy a " +"FreeBSD server which can authenticate against an LDAP directory." +msgstr "" +"Cuando termine, el lector debería poder configurar e implementar un servidor " +"FreeBSD que pueda alojar un directorio LDAP, y configurar e implementar un " +"servidor FreeBSD que pueda autenticarse en un directorio LDAP." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:64 +msgid "" +"This article is not intended to be an exhaustive account of the security, " +"robustness, or best practice considerations for configuring LDAP or the " +"other services discussed herein. While the author takes care to do " +"everything correctly, they do not address security issues beyond a general " +"scope. This article should be considered to lay the theoretical groundwork " +"only, and any actual implementation should be accompanied by careful " +"requirement analysis." +msgstr "" +"Este artículo no pretende ser una explicación exhaustiva de las " +"consideraciones de seguridad, robustez o mejores prácticas para configurar " +"LDAP u otros de los servicios que se explican aquí. Aunque el autor tiene " +"cuidado de hacer todo correctamente, no aborda los problemas de seguridad " +"más allá del alcance general. Este artículo debe tenerse en cuenta para " +"sentar las bases teóricas únicamente, y cualquier implementación real debe " +"ir acompañado de un análisis cuidadoso de los requisitos." + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:66 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Configuring LDAP" +msgstr "Configurando LDAP" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:71 +msgid "" +"LDAP stands for \"Lightweight Directory Access Protocol\" and is a subset of " +"the X.500 Directory Access Protocol. Its most recent specifications are in " +"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4510.txt[RFC4510] and friends. Essentially it is " +"a database that expects to be read from more often than it is written to." +msgstr "" +"LDAP significa \"Lightweight Directory Access Protocol\" (Protocolo Ligero " +"de Acceso a Directorio) y es un subconjunto del Protocolo de Acceso a " +"Directorio X.500. Su especificación más reciente se encuentra en http://www." +"ietf.org/rfc/rfc4510.txt[RFC4510]. En esencia es una base de datos que " +"espera recibir muchas más consultas que escrituras." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:75 +msgid "" +"The LDAP server http://www.openldap.org/[OpenLDAP] will be used in the " +"examples in this document; while the principles here should be generally " +"applicable to many different servers, most of the concrete administration is " +"OpenLDAP-specific. There are several server versions in ports, for example " +"package:net/openldap24-server[]. Client servers will need the corresponding " +"package:net/openldap24-client[] libraries." +msgstr "" +"En los ejemplos de este documento se utilizará el servidor LDAP http://www." +"openldap.org/[OpenLDAP]; aunque los procedimientos deberían ser aplicables a " +"los diferentes servidores, la mayor parte de la administración es específica " +"de OpenLDAP. Hay varias versiones del servidor en la colección de ports, por " +"ejemplo, package:net/openldap24-server[]. Los clientes necesitarán las " +"librerías necesarias del paquete package:net/openldap24-client[]." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:78 +msgid "" +"There are (basically) two areas of the LDAP service which need " +"configuration. The first is setting up a server to receive connections " +"properly, and the second is adding entries to the server's directory so that " +"FreeBSD tools know how to interact with it." +msgstr "" +"Hay (básicamente) dos áreas del servicio LDAP que necesitan configuración. " +"Lo primero es configurar un servidor para recibir conexiones correctamente, " +"y lo segundo es añadir entradas al directorio del servidor para que las " +"herramientas de FreeBSD sepan como interactuar con él." + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:80 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Setting Up the Server for Connections" +msgstr "Configurar el Servidor para recibir Conexiones" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:86 +msgid "" +"This section is specific to OpenLDAP. If you are using another server, you " +"will need to consult that server's documentation." +msgstr "" +"Esta sección es específica de OpenLDAP. Si usas otro servidor, necesitarás " +"consultar su propia documentación." + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:89 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:94 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Installing OpenLDAP" +msgstr "Instalando OpenLDAP" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:92 +msgid "First, install OpenLDAP:" +msgstr "Primero, instala OpenLDAP:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:102 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# cd /usr/ports/net/openldap24-server\n" +"# make install clean\n" +msgstr "" +"# cd /usr/ports/net/openldap24-server\n" +"# make install clean\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:107 +msgid "" +"This installs the `slapd` and `slurpd` binaries, along with the required " +"OpenLDAP libraries." +msgstr "" +"Esto instala los binarios `slapd` y `slurpd`, junto con las librerías " +"OpenLDAP necesarias." + +#. type: Title ==== +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:109 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Configuring OpenLDAP" +msgstr "Configurando OpenLDAP" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:112 +msgid "Next we must configure OpenLDAP." +msgstr "Después necesitamos configurar OpenLDAP." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:115 +msgid "" +"You will want to require encryption in your connections to the LDAP server; " +"otherwise your users' passwords will be transferred in plain text, which is " +"considered insecure. The tools we will be using support two very similar " +"kinds of encryption, SSL and TLS." +msgstr "" +"Es necesario que hagas obligatorio el uso de cifrado en tus conexiones al " +"servidor LDAP; de lo contrario, las contraseñas de sus usuarios se " +"transferirán en texto plano, lo que se considera inseguro. Las herramientas " +"que utilizaremos admiten dos tipos muy similares de encriptación, SSL y TLS." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:118 +msgid "" +"TLS stands for \"Transportation Layer Security\". Services that employ TLS " +"tend to connect on the _same_ ports as the same services without TLS; thus " +"an SMTP server which supports TLS will listen for connections on port 25, " +"and an LDAP server will listen on 389." +msgstr "" +"TLS significa \"Seguridad en Capa de Transporte\" (Transportation Layer " +"Security). Los servicios que utilizan TLS suelen conectarse _a los mismos_ " +"puertos que los servicios que no utilizan TLS; por lo tanto un servidor SMTP " +"que soporta TLS escuchará conexiones en el puerto 25 y un servidor LDAP " +"escuchará conexiones en 389." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:121 +msgid "" +"SSL stands for \"Secure Sockets Layer\", and services that implement SSL do " +"_not_ listen on the same ports as their non-SSL counterparts. Thus SMTPS " +"listens on port 465 (not 25), HTTPS listens on 443, and LDAPS on 636." +msgstr "" +"SSL significa \"Capa de Sockets Seguros\" (Secure Sockets Layer) y los " +"servicios que implementan SSL _no_ escuchan en los mismos puertos que sus " +"equivalentes sin SSL. Por lo tanto SMTPS escucha en el puerto 465 (no en el " +"25), HTTPS escucha en el 443 y LDAPS en el 636." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:125 +msgid "" +"The reason SSL uses a different port than TLS is because a TLS connection " +"begins as plain text, and switches to encrypted traffic after the `STARTTLS` " +"directive. SSL connections are encrypted from the beginning. Other than " +"that there are no substantial differences between the two." +msgstr "" +"La razón por la que SSL utiliza un puerto diferente a TLS es porque una " +"conexión TLS empieza como texto plano y cambia al tráfico cifrado después de " +"la directiva `STARTTLS`. Las conexiones SSL se cifran desde el principio. " +"Aparte de eso, no hay diferencias sustanciales entre ambos." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:129 +msgid "We will adjust OpenLDAP to use TLS, as SSL is considered deprecated." +msgstr "" +"Ajustaremos OpenLDAP para que utilice TLS ya que SSL se considera obsoleto." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:132 +msgid "" +"Once OpenLDAP is installed via ports, the following configuration parameters " +"in [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf# will enable TLS:" +msgstr "" +"Una vez que hemos instalado OpenLDAP, los siguientes parámetros en [." +"filename]#/usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf# habilitarán el uso de TLS:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:136 +#, no-wrap +msgid "security ssf=128\n" +msgstr "security ssf=128\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:140 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"TLSCertificateFile /path/to/your/cert.crt\n" +"TLSCertificateKeyFile /path/to/your/cert.key\n" +"TLSCACertificateFile /path/to/your/cacert.crt\n" +msgstr "" +"TLSCertificateFile /path/to/your/cert.crt\n" +"TLSCertificateKeyFile /path/to/your/cert.key\n" +"TLSCACertificateFile /path/to/your/cacert.crt\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:144 +msgid "" +"Here, `ssf=128` tells OpenLDAP to require 128-bit encryption for all " +"connections, both search and update. This parameter may be configured based " +"on the security needs of your site, but rarely you need to weaken it, as " +"most LDAP client libraries support strong encryption." +msgstr "" +"En este caso, `ssf=128` indica a OpenLDAP que solicite una encriptación de " +"128 bits para todas las conexiones, tanto para búsquedas como para " +"actualizaciones. Este parámetro se podría configurar según las necesidades " +"de seguridad de tu sitio web, pero es raro que necesites rebajarlo ya que la " +"mayoría de las librerías cliente de LDAP soportan encriptación fuerte." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:147 +msgid "" +"The [.filename]#cert.crt#, [.filename]#cert.key#, and [.filename]#cacert." +"crt# files are necessary for clients to authenticate _you_ as the valid LDAP " +"server. If you simply want a server that runs, you can create a self-signed " +"certificate with OpenSSL:" +msgstr "" +"Los ficheros [.filename]#cert.crt#, [.filename]#cert.key#, y [." +"filename]#cacert.crt# son necesarios para que los clientes te autentiquen _a " +"ti_ como el servidor LDAP válido. Si sólo quieres ejecutar un servidor, " +"puedes crear un certificado auto firmado con OpenSSL:" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:149 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Generating an RSA Key" +msgstr "Generar una Clave RSA" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:160 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"% openssl genrsa -out cert.key 1024\n" +"Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus\n" +"....................++++++\n" +"...++++++\n" +"e is 65537 (0x10001)\n" +msgstr "" +"% openssl genrsa -out cert.key 1024\n" +"Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus\n" +"....................++++++\n" +"...++++++\n" +"e is 65537 (0x10001)\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:162 +#, no-wrap +msgid "% openssl req -new -key cert.key -out cert.csr\n" +msgstr "% openssl req -new -key cert.key -out cert.csr\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:171 +msgid "" +"At this point you should be prompted for some values. You may enter " +"whatever values you like; however, it is important the \"Common Name\" value " +"be the fully qualified domain name of the OpenLDAP server. In our case, and " +"the examples here, the server is _server.example.org_. Incorrectly setting " +"this value will cause clients to fail when making connections. This can the " +"cause of great frustration, so ensure that you follow these steps closely." +msgstr "" +"En este punto se te deberían preguntar algunos valores. Podrías introducir " +"los valores que quisieras; sin embargo, es importante que el valor de " +"\"Common Name\" sea el nombre de dominio del servidor LDAP completamente " +"cualificado. En nuestro caso, y en los ejemplos, el servidor es " +"_server.example.org_. Establecer este valor incorrectamente hará que los " +"clientes no puedan conectar. Esto puede causar una gran frustración así que " +"asegúrate de que sigues estos pasos con cuidado." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:173 +msgid "Finally, the certificate signing request needs to be signed:" +msgstr "Finalmente, el certificado debe firmarse:" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:175 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Self-signing the Certificate" +msgstr "Autofirmar el certificado" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:185 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"% openssl x509 -req -in cert.csr -days 365 -signkey cert.key -out cert.crt\n" +"Signature ok\n" +"subject=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd\n" +"Getting Private key\n" +msgstr "" +"% openssl x509 -req -in cert.csr -days 365 -signkey cert.key -out cert.crt\n" +"Signature ok\n" +"subject=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd\n" +"Getting Private key\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:191 +msgid "" +"This will create a self-signed certificate that can be used for the " +"directives in [.filename]#slapd.conf#, where [.filename]#cert.crt# and [." +"filename]#cacert.crt# are the same file. If you are going to use many " +"OpenLDAP servers (for replication via `slurpd`) you will want to see <<ssl-" +"ca>> to generate a CA key and use it to sign individual server certificates." +msgstr "" +"Esto creará un certificado auto firmado que puede ser usado para las " +"directivas en [.filename]#slapd.conf#, donde [.filename]#cert.crt# y [." +"filename]#cacert.crt# son el mismo fichero. Si vas a utilizar muchos " +"servidores OpenLDA (para replicación vía `slurpd`) querrás echar un vistazo " +"a <<ssl-ca>> para generar una clave CA y usarla para firmar los certificados " +"de servidor individuales." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:193 +msgid "Once this is done, put the following in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:" +msgstr "Una vez hecho esto, escribe lo siguiente en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:197 +#, no-wrap +msgid "slapd_enable=\"YES\"\n" +msgstr "slapd_enable=\"YES\"\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:202 +msgid "" +"Then run `/usr/local/etc/rc.d/slapd start`. This should start OpenLDAP. " +"Confirm that it is listening on 389 with" +msgstr "" +"Después ejecuta `/usr/local/etc/rc.d/slapd start`. Esto debería arrancar " +"OpenLDAP. Confirma que está escuchando en el puerto 389 con" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:207 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"% sockstat -4 -p 389\n" +"ldap slapd 3261 7 tcp4 *:389 *:*\n" +msgstr "" +"% sockstat -4 -p 389\n" +"ldap slapd 3261 7 tcp4 *:389 *:*\n" + +#. type: Title ==== +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:210 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Configuring the Client" +msgstr "Configurar el Cliente" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:214 +msgid "" +"Install the package:net/openldap24-client[] port for the OpenLDAP " +"libraries. The client machines will always have OpenLDAP libraries since " +"that is all package:security/pam_ldap[] and package:net/nss_ldap[] support, " +"at least for the moment." +msgstr "" +"Instala el port package:net/openldap24-client[] para obtener las librerías " +"de OpenLDAP. Las máquinas cliente siempre tendrán las librerías de OpenLDAP " +"pues que eso es lo único que soportan package:security/pam_ldap[] y package:" +"net/nss_ldap[], al menos por el momento." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:217 +msgid "" +"The configuration file for the OpenLDAP libraries is [.filename]#/usr/local/" +"etc/openldap/ldap.conf#. Edit this file to contain the following values:" +msgstr "" +"El fichero de configuración para las librerías de OpenLDAP es [.filename]#/" +"usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf#. Edita este fichero para que contenga los " +"siguientes valores:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:224 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"base dc=example,dc=org\n" +"uri ldap://server.example.org/\n" +"ssl start_tls\n" +"tls_cacert /path/to/your/cacert.crt\n" +msgstr "" +"base dc=example,dc=org\n" +"uri ldap://server.example.org/\n" +"ssl start_tls\n" +"tls_cacert /path/to/your/cacert.crt\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:229 +msgid "" +"It is important that your clients have access to [.filename]#cacert.crt#, " +"otherwise they will not be able to connect." +msgstr "" +"Es importante que tus clientes tengan acceso a [.filename]#cacert.crt#, de " +"lo contrario no podrán conectarse." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:236 +msgid "" +"There are two files called [.filename]#ldap.conf#. The first is this file, " +"which is for the OpenLDAP libraries and defines how to talk to the server. " +"The second is [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/ldap.conf#, and is for pam_ldap." +msgstr "" +"Hay dos ficheros que se llaman [.filename]#ldap.conf#. El primero es este " +"fichero, que es para las librerías OpenLDAP y define cómo hablar con el " +"servidor. El segundo es [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/ldap.conf# y es para " +"pam_ldap." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:241 +msgid "" +"At this point you should be able to run `ldapsearch -Z` on the client " +"machine; `-Z` means \"use TLS\". If you encounter an error, then something " +"is configured wrong; most likely it is your certificates. Use man:" +"openssl[1]'s `s_client` and `s_server` to ensure you have them configured " +"and signed properly." +msgstr "" +"En este punto deberías ser capaz de ejecutar `ldapsearch -Z` en la maquina " +"cliente; `-Z` significa \"usa TLS\". Si encuentras un error, entonces algo " +"está mal configurado; seguramente sean tus certificados. Utiliza los " +"comandos `s_client` y `s_server` de man:openssl[1] para asegurarte de que " +"están correctamente configurados y firmados." + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:243 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Entries in the Database" +msgstr "Entradas en la base de datos" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:248 +msgid "" +"Authentication against an LDAP directory is generally accomplished by " +"attempting to bind to the directory as the connecting user. This is done by " +"establishing a \"simple\" bind on the directory with the user name " +"supplied. If there is an entry with the `uid` equal to the user name and " +"that entry's `userPassword` attribute matches the password supplied, then " +"the bind is successful." +msgstr "" +"La autenticación en un directorio LDAP se logra generalmente al intentar " +"vincularse al directorio como el usuario que se conecta. Esto se realiza " +"mediante el establecimiento de un enlace \"simple\" en el directorio con el " +"nombre de usuario proporcionado. Si hay una entrada con el `uid` igual al " +"nombre de usuario y el atributo `userPassword` de la entrada coincide con la " +"contraseña proporcionada, el enlace tiene éxito." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:250 +msgid "" +"The first thing we have to do is figure out is where in the directory our " +"users will live." +msgstr "" +"Lo primero que tenemos que hacer es averiguar en qué parte del directorio " +"estarán nuestros usuarios." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:254 +msgid "" +"The base entry for our database is `dc=example,dc=org`. The default " +"location for users that most clients seem to expect is something like " +"`ou=people,_base_`, so that is what will be used here. However keep in mind " +"that this is configurable." +msgstr "" +"La entrada base de nuestra base de datos es `dc=example,dc=org`. La mayoría " +"de los clientes esperan una localización para los usuarios que sea algo como " +"`ou=people,_base_` así que es lo que se usará aquí. Sin embargo, ten en " +"cuenta que esto es configurable." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:256 +msgid "So the ldif entry for the `people` organizational unit will look like:" +msgstr "" +"Así que la entrada ldif para la unidad organizacional `people` se parecerá a:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:263 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"dn: ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"objectClass: top\n" +"objectClass: organizationalUnit\n" +"ou: people\n" +msgstr "" +"dn: ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"objectClass: top\n" +"objectClass: organizationalUnit\n" +"ou: people\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:266 +msgid "All users will be created as subentries of this organizational unit." +msgstr "" +"Todos los usuarios se crearán como subentradas de esta unidad organizativa." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:271 +msgid "" +"Some thought might be given to the object class your users will belong to. " +"Most tools by default will use `people`, which is fine if you simply want to " +"provide entries against which to authenticate. However, if you are going to " +"store user information in the LDAP database as well, you will probably want " +"to use `inetOrgPerson`, which has many useful attributes. In either case, " +"the relevant schemas need to be loaded in [.filename]#slapd.conf#." +msgstr "" +"Se podría pensar en la clase de objeto a la que pertenecerán sus usuarios. " +"Por defecto, la mayoría de las herramientas utilizarán `people`, lo cual " +"está bien si simplemente quieres proporcionar entradas para la " +"autenticación. Sin embargo, si también vas a almacenar información de " +"usuario en la base de datos LDAP, probablemente quieras usar `inetOrgPerson`" +", el cual dispone de muchos atributos útiles. En cualquier caso, los " +"esquemas relevantes deben introducirse en el archivo [.filename]#slapd.conf#." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:274 +msgid "" +"For this example we will use the `person` object class. If you are using " +"`inetOrgPerson`, the steps are basically identical, except that the `sn` " +"attribute is required." +msgstr "" +"Para este ejemplo utilizaremos la clase de objeto `person`. Si usas " +"`inetOrgPerson`, los pasos son básicamente iguales, con la excepción de que " +"se requiere el atributo `sn`." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:276 +msgid "To add a test-user named `tuser`, the ldif would be:" +msgstr "Para añadir un usuario de pruebas llamado `tuser`, el ldif sería:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:290 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"dn: uid=tuser,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"objectClass: person\n" +"objectClass: posixAccount\n" +"objectClass: shadowAccount\n" +"objectClass: top\n" +"uidNumber: 10000\n" +"gidNumber: 10000\n" +"homeDirectory: /home/tuser\n" +"loginShell: /bin/csh\n" +"uid: tuser\n" +"cn: tuser\n" +msgstr "" +"dn: uid=tuser,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"objectClass: person\n" +"objectClass: posixAccount\n" +"objectClass: shadowAccount\n" +"objectClass: top\n" +"uidNumber: 10000\n" +"gidNumber: 10000\n" +"homeDirectory: /home/tuser\n" +"loginShell: /bin/csh\n" +"uid: tuser\n" +"cn: tuser\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:293 +msgid "" +"I start my LDAP users' UIDs at 10000 to avoid collisions with system " +"accounts; you can configure whatever number you wish here, as long as it is " +"less than 65536." +msgstr "" +"Yo empiezo los UIDs de mis usuarios de LDAP en el 10000 para evitar " +"conflictos con las cuentas del sistema; puedes establecer el número que " +"desees aquí, siempre que sea inferior a 65536." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:296 +msgid "" +"We also need group entries. They are as configurable as user entries, but " +"we will use the defaults below:" +msgstr "" +"También necesitamos entradas grupales. Son tan configurables como las " +"entradas de usuario, pero usaremos los valores predeterminados que se " +"muestran a continuación:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:303 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"objectClass: top\n" +"objectClass: organizationalUnit\n" +"ou: groups\n" +msgstr "" +"dn: ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"objectClass: top\n" +"objectClass: organizationalUnit\n" +"ou: people\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:309 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"dn: cn=tuser,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"objectClass: posixGroup\n" +"objectClass: top\n" +"gidNumber: 10000\n" +"cn: tuser\n" +msgstr "" +"dn: cn=tuser,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"objectClass: posixGroup\n" +"objectClass: top\n" +"gidNumber: 10000\n" +"cn: tuser\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:313 +msgid "" +"To enter these into your database, you can use `slapadd` or `ldapadd` on a " +"file containing these entries. Alternatively, you can use package:sysutils/" +"ldapvi[]." +msgstr "" +"Para introducir estos en tu base de datos, puedes utilizar `slapadd` o " +"`ldapadd` en un fichero que contenga esas entradas. De forma alternativa, " +"puedes utilizar package:sysutils/ldapvi[]." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:316 +msgid "" +"The `ldapsearch` utility on the client machine should now return these " +"entries. If it does, your database is properly configured to be used as an " +"LDAP authentication server." +msgstr "" +"La utilidad `ldapsearch` en la máquina del cliente debería devolver estas " +"entradas. Si es así, la base de datos está configurada correctamente para " +"ser utilizada como un servidor de autenticación LDAP." + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:318 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Client Configuration" +msgstr "Configuración del Cliente" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:321 +msgid "" +"The client should already have OpenLDAP libraries from <<ldap-connect-" +"client>>, but if you are installing several client machines you will need to " +"install package:net/openldap24-client[] on each of them." +msgstr "" +"El cliente ya debería tener las librerías de OpenLDAP de <<ldap-connect-" +"client>>, pero si estás instalando varias máquinas cliente, necesitarás " +"instalar package:net/openldap24-client[] en cada una de ellas." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:323 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD requires two ports to be installed to authenticate against an LDAP " +"server, package:security/pam_ldap[] and package:net/nss_ldap[]." +msgstr "" +"FreeBSD requiere de la instalación de dos ports para autenticarse en un " +"servidor LDAP, package:security/pam_ldap[] y package:net/nss_ldap[]." + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:325 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Authentication" +msgstr "Autenticación" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:328 +msgid "" +"package:security/pam_ldap[] is configured via [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/" +"ldap.conf#." +msgstr "" +"package:security/pam_ldap[] se configura en el fichero [.filename]#/usr/" +"local/etc/ldap.conf#." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:333 +msgid "" +"This is a _different file_ than the OpenLDAP library functions' " +"configuration file, [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf#; however, " +"it takes many of the same options; in fact it is a superset of that file. " +"For the rest of this section, references to [.filename]#ldap.conf# will mean " +"[.filename]#/usr/local/etc/ldap.conf#." +msgstr "" +"Este fichero es _diferente_ del fichero de configuración de las librerías de " +"OpenLDAP, [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf#; sin embargo, tiene " +"muchas de las mismas opciones; de hecho es un superconjunto de ese fichero. " +"En lo que queda de sección, referencias a [.filename]#ldap.conf# se refieren " +"a [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/ldap.conf#." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:337 +msgid "" +"Thus, we will want to copy all of our original configuration parameters from " +"[.filename]#openldap/ldap.conf# to the new [.filename]#ldap.conf#. Once " +"this is done, we want to tell package:security/pam_ldap[] what to look for " +"on the directory server." +msgstr "" +"Por lo tanto, queremos copiar todos nuestros parámetros de configuración " +"originales de [.filename]#openldap/ldap.conf# al nuevo [.filename]#ldap.conf#" +". Una vez hecho esto, le indicaremos a package:security/pam_ldap[] qué " +"buscar en el servidor de directorio." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:340 +msgid "" +"We are identifying our users with the `uid` attribute. To configure this " +"(though it is the default), set the `pam_login_attribute` directive in [." +"filename]#ldap.conf#:" +msgstr "" +"Estamos identificando nuestros usuarios mediante el atributo `uid`. Para " +"configurarlo (aunque es el valor por defecto), establece la directiva " +"`pam_login_attribute` en [.filename]#ldap.conf#:" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:342 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Setting `pam_login_attribute`" +msgstr "Estableciendo `pam_login_attribute`" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:349 +#, no-wrap +msgid "pam_login_attribute uid\n" +msgstr "pam_login_attribute uid\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:357 +msgid "" +"With this set, package:security/pam_ldap[] will search the entire LDAP " +"directory under `base` for the value `uid=_username_`. If it finds one and " +"only one entry, it will attempt to bind as that user with the password it " +"was given. If it binds correctly, then it will allow access. Otherwise it " +"will fail." +msgstr "" +"Con esto ya establecido, package:security/pam_ldap[] buscará el valor " +"`uid=_username_` en todo el directorio LDAP bajo `base`. Si encuentra una " +"sola entrada, intentará vincular a ese usuario con la contraseña que se le " +"ha pasado. Se vincula correctamente, entonces permitirá el acceso. En " +"cualquier otro caso fallará." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:363 +msgid "" +"Users whose shell is not in [.filename]#/etc/shells# will not be able to log " +"in. This is particularly important when Bash is set as the user shell on " +"the LDAP server. Bash is not included with a default installation of " +"FreeBSD. When installed from a package or port, it is located at [." +"filename]#/usr/local/bin/bash#. Verify that the path to the shell on the " +"server is set correctly:" +msgstr "" +"Los usuarios cuyo shell no esté en [.filename]#/etc/shells# no podrán " +"iniciar sesión. Esto es muy importante cuando se configura Bash como la " +"shell de usuario en el servidor LDAP. Bash no está incluido en la " +"instalación estándar de FreeBSD. Cuando se instala desde un paquete o port, " +"se encuentra en el directorio [.filename]#/usr/local/bin/bash#. Comprueba " +"que la ruta a la shell en el servidor esté configurada correctamente:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:367 +#, no-wrap +msgid "% getent passwd username\n" +msgstr "% getent passwd username\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:372 +msgid "" +"There are two choices when the output shows `/bin/bash` in the last column. " +"The first is to change the user's entry on the LDAP server to [.filename]#/" +"usr/local/bin/bash#. The second option is to create a symlink on the LDAP " +"client computer so Bash is found at the correct location:" +msgstr "" +"Hay dos opciones cuando en la salida se muestra `/bin/bash` en la última " +"columna. La primera es cambiar en el servidor LDAP la entrada del usuario " +"para que apunte a [.filename]#/usr/local/bin/bash#. La segunda es crear un " +"enlace simbólico en la máquina LDAP cliente de forma que se pueda encontrar " +"Bash en el lugar correcto:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:376 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# ln -s /usr/local/bin/bash /bin/bash\n" +msgstr "# ln -s /usr/local/bin/bash /bin/bash\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:380 +msgid "" +"Make sure that [.filename]#/etc/shells# contains entries for both `/usr/" +"local/bin/bash` and `/bin/bash`. The user will then be able to log in to " +"the system with Bash as their shell." +msgstr "" +"Asegúrate de que [.filename]#/etc/shells# contiene las entradas tanto para `/" +"usr/local/bin/bash` como para `/bin/bash`. El usuario ya será capaz de " +"logearse en el sistema utilizando Bash como shell." + +#. type: Title ==== +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:382 +#, no-wrap +msgid "PAM" +msgstr "PAM" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:386 +msgid "" +"PAM, which stands for \"Pluggable Authentication Modules\", is the method by " +"which FreeBSD authenticates most of its sessions. To tell FreeBSD we wish " +"to use an LDAP server, we will have to add a line to the appropriate PAM " +"file." +msgstr "" +"PAM, que significa \"Pluggable Authentication Modules\", es el método por el " +"cual FreeBSD autentica la mayoría de sus sesiones. Para decirle a FreeBSD " +"que queremos usar un servidor LDAP, tendremos que añadir una línea al " +"archivo PAM apropiado." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:388 +msgid "" +"Most of the time the appropriate PAM file is [.filename]#/etc/pam.d/sshd#, " +"if you want to use SSH (remember to set the relevant options in [.filename]#/" +"etc/ssh/sshd_config#, otherwise SSH will not use PAM)." +msgstr "" +"La mayoría de las veces el fichero PAM apropiado es [.filename]#/etc/pam.d/" +"sshd#, si quieres usar SSH (recuerda establecer las opciones " +"correspondientes en [.filename]#/etc/ssh/sshd_config#, de lo contrario SSH " +"no usará PAM)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:390 +msgid "To use PAM for authentication, add the line" +msgstr "Para usar PAM para la autenticación, añade la línea" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:394 +#, no-wrap +msgid "auth sufficient /usr/local/lib/pam_ldap.so no_warn\n" +msgstr "auth sufficient /usr/local/lib/pam_ldap.so no_warn\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:397 +msgid "" +"Exactly where this line shows up in the file and which options appear in the " +"fourth column determine the exact behavior of the authentication mechanism; " +"see man:pam[d]" +msgstr "" +"El lugar exacto en el que aparece esta línea en el fichero y las opciones " +"que aparecen en la cuarta columna determinan el comportamiento exacto del " +"mecanismo de autenticación; lee man:pam[d]" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:400 +msgid "" +"With this configuration you should be able to authenticate a user against an " +"LDAP directory. PAM will perform a bind with your credentials, and if " +"successful will tell SSH to allow access." +msgstr "" +"Con esta configuración deberías ser capaz de autenticar un usuario contra un " +"directorio LDAP. PAM realizará un vínculo con tus credenciales, y si tiene " +"éxito le dirá a SSH que permita el acceso." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:404 +msgid "" +"However it is not a good idea to allow _every_ user in the directory into " +"_every_ client machine. With the current configuration, all that a user " +"needs to log into a machine is an LDAP entry. Fortunately there are a few " +"ways to restrict user access." +msgstr "" +"Sin embargo, no es buena idea permitir que _cada_ usuario del directorio " +"pueda acceder a _todos_ las máquinas clientes. Con la configuración actual, " +"todo lo que necesita un usuario para iniciar sesión en una máquina es una " +"entrada LDAP. Afortunadamente, hay algunas formas de restringir el acceso de " +"los usuarios." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:407 +msgid "" +"[.filename]#ldap.conf# supports a `pam_groupdn` directive; every account " +"that connects to this machine needs to be a member of the group specified " +"here. For example, if you have" +msgstr "" +"[.filename]#ldap.conf# admite la directiva `pam_groupdn`; cada cuenta que se " +"conecta a esta máquina debe ser miembro del grupo especificado aquí. Por " +"ejemplo, si tienes" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:411 +#, no-wrap +msgid "pam_groupdn cn=servername,ou=accessgroups,dc=example,dc=org\n" +msgstr "pam_groupdn cn=servername,ou=accessgroups,dc=example,dc=org\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:415 +msgid "" +"in [.filename]#ldap.conf#, then only members of that group will be able to " +"log in. There are a few things to bear in mind, however." +msgstr "" +"en [.filename]#ldap.conf#, solo los miembros de este grupo podrán iniciar " +"sesión. Sin embargo hay algunas cosas a tener en cuenta." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:418 +msgid "" +"Members of this group are specified in one or more `memberUid` attributes, " +"and each attribute must have the full distinguished name of the member. So " +"`memberUid: someuser` will not work; it must be:" +msgstr "" +"Los miembros de este grupo se especifican en uno o más atributos `memberUid` " +"y cada atributo debe tener el nombre completamente unívoco del miembro. " +"Entonces `memberUid: someuser` no funcionará; debe ser:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:422 +#, no-wrap +msgid "memberUid: uid=someuser,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" +msgstr "memberUid: uid=someuser,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:428 +msgid "" +"Additionally, this directive is not checked in PAM during authentication, it " +"is checked during account management, so you will need a second line in your " +"PAM files under `account`. This will require, in turn, _every_ user to be " +"listed in the group, which is not necessarily what we want. To avoid " +"blocking users that are not in LDAP, you should enable the " +"`ignore_unknown_user` attribute. Finally, you should set the " +"`ignore_authinfo_unavail` option so that you are not locked out of every " +"computer when the LDAP server is unavailable." +msgstr "" +"Además, esta directiva no se verifica en PAM durante la autenticación, se " +"verifica durante la administración de la cuenta, por lo que necesitarás " +"añadir más configuraciones en tus archivos de PAM en la sección de `account`" +". Esto, a su vez, requerirá que _cada_ usuario se incluya en el grupo, lo " +"cual no es necesariamente lo que queremos. Para evitar bloquear usuarios que " +"no están en LDAP, debes habilitar el atributo `ignore_unknown_user`. " +"Finalmente, debes configurar la opción `ignore_authinfo_unavail` para que el " +"usuario no quede bloqueado en todos los ordenadores cuando el servidor LDAP " +"no esté disponible." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:430 +msgid "Your [.filename]#pam.d/sshd# might then end up looking like this:" +msgstr "Tu [.filename]#pam.d/sshd# podría parecerse a esto:" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:432 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Sample [.filename]#pam.d/sshd#" +msgstr "Ejemplo de [.filename]#pam.d/sshd#" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:443 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"auth required pam_nologin.so no_warn\n" +"auth sufficient pam_opie.so no_warn no_fake_prompts\n" +"auth requisite pam_opieaccess.so no_warn allow_local\n" +"auth sufficient /usr/local/lib/pam_ldap.so no_warn\n" +"auth required pam_unix.so no_warn try_first_pass\n" +msgstr "" +"auth required pam_nologin.so no_warn\n" +"auth sufficient pam_opie.so no_warn " +"no_fake_prompts\n" +"auth requisite pam_opieaccess.so no_warn allow_local\n" +"auth sufficient /usr/local/lib/pam_ldap.so no_warn\n" +"auth required pam_unix.so no_warn " +"try_first_pass\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:446 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"account required pam_login_access.so\n" +"account required /usr/local/lib/pam_ldap.so no_warn ignore_authinfo_unavail ignore_unknown_user\n" +msgstr "" +"account required pam_login_access.so\n" +"account required /usr/local/lib/pam_ldap.so no_warn " +"ignore_authinfo_unavail ignore_unknown_user\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:455 +msgid "" +"Since we are adding these lines specifically to [.filename]#pam.d/sshd#, " +"this will only have an effect on SSH sessions. LDAP users will be unable to " +"log in at the console. To change this behavior, examine the other files in " +"[.filename]#/etc/pam.d# and modify them accordingly." +msgstr "" +"Como estamos añadiendo estas líneas específicamente a [.filename]#pam.d/sshd#" +", esto solo tendrá efecto en las sesiones SSH. Los usuarios de LDAP no " +"podrán iniciar sesión por consola. Para cambiar este comportamiento, examina " +"los otros archivos en [.filename]#/etc/pam.d# y modifícalos como corresponda." + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:458 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Name Service Switch" +msgstr "Name Service Switch" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:462 +msgid "" +"NSS is the service that maps attributes to names. So, for example, if a " +"file is owned by user `1001`, an application will query NSS for the name of " +"`1001`, and it might get `bob` or `ted` or whatever the user's name is." +msgstr "" +"NSS es el servicio que mapea atributos a nombres. Por ejemplo, si un fichero " +"es propiedad del usuario `1001`, una aplicación preguntará a NSS por el " +"nombre de `1001` y podría obtener `bob` o `ted` o el cualquiera que sea el " +"nombre del usuario." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:464 +msgid "" +"Now that our user information is kept in LDAP, we need to tell NSS to look " +"there when queried." +msgstr "" +"Ahora que tenemos nuestra información en LDAP, necesitamos decirle a NSS que " +"mire ahí cuando se le hagan preguntas." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:469 +msgid "" +"The package:net/nss_ldap[] port does this. It uses the same configuration " +"file as package:security/pam_ldap[], and should not need any extra " +"parameters once it is installed. Instead, what is left is simply to edit [." +"filename]#/etc/nsswitch.conf# to take advantage of the directory. Simply " +"replace the following lines:" +msgstr "" +"Est es lo que hace el port package:net/nss_ldap[]. Utiliza el mismo archivo " +"de configuración que package:security/pam_ldap[], y no debería necesitar " +"ningún parámetro adicional después de su instalación. En cambio, solo " +"quedaría editar el archivo [.filename]#/etc/nsswitch.conf# para aprovechar " +"el directorio. Simplemente cambia las siguientes líneas:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:474 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"group: compat\n" +"passwd: compat\n" +msgstr "" +"group: compat\n" +"passwd: compat\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:477 +msgid "with" +msgstr "por" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:482 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"group: files ldap\n" +"passwd: files ldap\n" +msgstr "" +"group: files ldap\n" +"passwd: files ldap\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:485 +msgid "This will allow you to map usernames to UIDs and UIDs to usernames." +msgstr "" +"Esto te permitirá asignar nombres de usuario a UIDs y UIDs a nombres de " +"usuario." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:487 +msgid "Congratulations! You should now have working LDAP authentication." +msgstr "" +"¡Felicidades! Ahora deberías tener la autenticación de LDAP en " +"funcionamiento." + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:489 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Caveats" +msgstr "Advertencias" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:495 +msgid "" +"Unfortunately, as of the time this was written FreeBSD did not support " +"changing user passwords with man:passwd[1]. As a result of this, most " +"administrators are left to implement a solution themselves. I provide some " +"examples here. Note that if you write your own password change script, " +"there are some security issues you should be made aware of; see <<security-" +"passwd>>" +msgstr "" +"Desafortunadamente, en el momento de escribir esto FreeBSD no soportaba " +"cambiar las contraseñas de usuario con man:passwd[1]. Como resultado, la " +"mayoría de los administradores tienen que implementar una solución por ellos " +"mismos. Aquí proporciono algunos ejemplos. Observa que si escribes tu propio " +"script de cambio de contraseñas deberías tener en cuenta algunas " +"consideraciones de seguridad; lee <<security-passwd>>" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:497 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Shell Script for Changing Passwords" +msgstr "Shell Script para Cambiar Contraseñas" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:504 +#, no-wrap +msgid "#!/bin/sh\n" +msgstr "#!/bin/sh\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:510 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"stty -echo\n" +"read -p \"Old Password: \" oldp; echo\n" +"read -p \"New Password: \" np1; echo\n" +"read -p \"Retype New Password: \" np2; echo\n" +"stty echo\n" +msgstr "" +"stty -echo\n" +"read -p \"Old Password: \" oldp; echo\n" +"read -p \"New Password: \" np1; echo\n" +"read -p \"Retype New Password: \" np2; echo\n" +"stty echo\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:515 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"if [ \"$np1\" != \"$np2\" ]; then\n" +" echo \"Passwords do not match.\"\n" +" exit 1\n" +"fi\n" +msgstr "" +"if [ \"$np1\" != \"$np2\" ]; then\n" +" echo \"Passwords do not match.\"\n" +" exit 1\n" +"fi\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:520 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"ldappasswd -D uid=\"$USER\",ou=people,dc=example,dc=org \\\n" +" -w \"$oldp\" \\\n" +" -a \"$oldp\" \\\n" +" -s \"$np1\"\n" +msgstr "" +"ldappasswd -D uid=\"$USER\",ou=people,dc=example,dc=org \\\n" +" -w \"$oldp\" \\\n" +" -a \"$oldp\" \\\n" +" -s \"$np1\"\n" + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:529 +msgid "" +"This script does hardly any error checking, but more important it is very " +"cavalier about how it stores your passwords. If you do anything like this, " +"at least adjust the `security.bsd.see_other_uids` sysctl value:" +msgstr "" +"Este script apenas verifica errores, pero lo más importante es el poco " +"cuidado con el que almacena sus contraseñas. Si haces algo como esto, " +"establece al menos el valor de `security.bsd.see_other_uids`:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:533 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# sysctl security.bsd.see_other_uids=0\n" +msgstr "# sysctl security.bsd.see_other_uids=0\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:540 +msgid "" +"A more flexible (and probably more secure) approach can be used by writing a " +"custom program, or even a web interface. The following is part of a Ruby " +"library that can change LDAP passwords. It sees use both on the command " +"line, and on the web." +msgstr "" +"Se puede utilizar un enfoque más flexible (y probablemente más seguro) " +"escribiendo un programa personalizado o incluso una interfaz web. Lo " +"siguiente es parte de una librería de Ruby que puede cambiar las contraseñas " +"LDAP. Se puede usar por línea de comandos y en la web." + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:542 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Ruby Script for Changing Passwords" +msgstr "Script en Ruby para Cambiar las Contraseñas" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:552 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"require 'ldap'\n" +"require 'base64'\n" +"require 'digest'\n" +"require 'password' # ruby-password\n" +msgstr "" +"require 'ldap'\n" +"require 'base64'\n" +"require 'digest'\n" +"require 'password' # ruby-password\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:555 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"ldap_server = \"ldap.example.org\"\n" +"luser = \"uid=#{ENV['USER']},ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\"\n" +msgstr "" +"ldap_server = \"ldap.example.org\"\n" +"luser = \"uid=#{ENV['USER']},ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\"\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:560 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# get the new password, check it, and create a salted hash from it\n" +"def get_password\n" +" pwd1 = Password.get(\"New Password: \")\n" +" pwd2 = Password.get(\"Retype New Password: \")\n" +msgstr "" +"# get the new password, check it, and create a salted hash from it\n" +"def get_password\n" +" pwd1 = Password.get(\"New Password: \")\n" +" pwd2 = Password.get(\"Retype New Password: \")\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:563 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +" raise if pwd1 != pwd2\n" +" pwd1.check # check password strength\n" +msgstr "" +" raise if pwd1 != pwd2\n" +" pwd1.check # check password strength\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:569 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +" salt = rand.to_s.gsub(/0\\./, '')\n" +" pass = pwd1.to_s\n" +" hash = \"{SSHA}\"+Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest(\"#{pass}#{salt}\")+salt).chomp!\n" +" return hash\n" +"end\n" +msgstr "" +" salt = rand.to_s.gsub(/0\\./, '')\n" +" pass = pwd1.to_s\n" +" hash = \"{SSHA}\"+Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest(\"#{pass}#{salt}\"" +")+salt).chomp!\n" +" return hash\n" +"end\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:572 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"oldp = Password.get(\"Old Password: \")\n" +"newp = get_password\n" +msgstr "" +"oldp = Password.get(\"Old Password: \")\n" +"newp = get_password\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:575 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# We'll just replace it. That we can bind proves that we either know\n" +"# the old password or are an admin.\n" +msgstr "" +"# We'll just replace it. That we can bind proves that we either know\n" +"# the old password or are an admin.\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:579 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"replace = LDAP::Mod.new(LDAP::LDAP_MOD_REPLACE | LDAP::LDAP_MOD_BVALUES,\n" +" \"userPassword\",\n" +" [newp])\n" +msgstr "" +"replace = LDAP::Mod.new(LDAP::LDAP_MOD_REPLACE | LDAP::LDAP_MOD_BVALUES,\n" +" \"userPassword\",\n" +" [newp])\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:584 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"conn = LDAP::SSLConn.new(ldap_server, 389, true)\n" +"conn.set_option(LDAP::LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, 3)\n" +"conn.bind(luser, oldp)\n" +"conn.modify(luser, [replace])\n" +msgstr "" +"conn = LDAP::SSLConn.new(ldap_server, 389, true)\n" +"conn.set_option(LDAP::LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, 3)\n" +"conn.bind(luser, oldp)\n" +"conn.modify(luser, [replace])\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:589 +msgid "" +"Although not guaranteed to be free of security holes (the password is kept " +"in memory, for example) this is cleaner and more flexible than a simple `sh` " +"script." +msgstr "" +"Aunque no se garantiza que esté a salvo de agujeros de seguridad (la " +"contraseña se guarda en memoria, por ejemplo), esto es más limpio y más " +"flexible que un simple script `sh`." + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:591 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Security Considerations" +msgstr "Consideraciones de Seguridad" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:594 +msgid "" +"Now that your machines (and possibly other services) are authenticating " +"against your LDAP server, this server needs to be protected at least as well " +"as [.filename]#/etc/master.passwd# would be on a regular server, and " +"possibly even more so since a broken or cracked LDAP server would break " +"every client service." +msgstr "" +"Ahora que tus máquinas (y posiblemente otros servicios) se están " +"autenticando contra su servidor LDAP, este servidor tiene que estar " +"protegido, así como [.filename]#/etc/master.passwd# estaría en un servidor " +"normal, y posiblemente aún más puesto que un servidor LDAP corrupto o " +"comprometido rompería todos los servicios del cliente." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:597 +msgid "" +"Remember, this section is not exhaustive. You should continually review " +"your configuration and procedures for improvements." +msgstr "" +"Recuerda, esta sección no es exhaustiva. Debes revisar continuamente tu " +"configuración y procedimientos para mejorarlos." + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:599 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Setting Attributes Read-only" +msgstr "Establecer Atributos de Solo Lectura" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:603 +msgid "" +"Several attributes in LDAP should be read-only. If left writable by the " +"user, for example, a user could change his `uidNumber` attribute to `0` and " +"get `root` access!" +msgstr "" +"Varios atributos en LDAP deberían ser de sólo lectura. Si el usuario pudiera " +"escribirlos, por ejemplo, un usuario podría cambiar su `uidNumber` a `0` ¡y " +"obtener acceso `root`!" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:607 +msgid "" +"To begin with, the `userPassword` attribute should not be world-readable. " +"By default, anyone who can connect to the LDAP server can read this " +"attribute. To disable this, put the following in [.filename]#slapd.conf#:" +msgstr "" +"Para empezar, el atributo `userPassword` no debe ser legible por todo el " +"mundo. Por defecto, cualquiera que pueda conectarse al servidor LDAP puede " +"leer este atributo. Para deshabilitar esto, usa la siguiente configuración " +"en el archivo [.filename]#slapd.conf#:" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:609 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Hide Passwords" +msgstr "Ocultar Contraseñas" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:620 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:646 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"access to dn.subtree=\"ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\"\n" +" attrs=userPassword\n" +" by self write\n" +" by anonymous auth\n" +" by * none\n" +msgstr "" +"access to dn.subtree=\"ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\"\n" +" attrs=userPassword\n" +" by self write\n" +" by anonymous auth\n" +" by * none\n" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:624 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:653 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"access to *\n" +" by self write\n" +" by * read\n" +msgstr "" +"access to *\n" +" by self write\n" +" by * read\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:629 +msgid "" +"This will disallow reading of the `userPassword` attribute, while still " +"allowing users to change their own passwords." +msgstr "" +"Esto evitará que se pueda leer el atributo `userPassword`, a la vez que " +"seguirá permitiendo a los usuarios cambiar sus propias contraseñas." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:633 +msgid "" +"Additionally, you'll want to keep users from changing some of their own " +"attributes. By default, users can change any attribute (except for those " +"which the LDAP schemas themselves deny changes), such as `uidNumber`. To " +"close this hole, modify the above to" +msgstr "" +"Además, querrás evitar que los usuarios cambien algunos de sus atributos. De " +"forma predeterminada, los usuarios pueden cambiar cualquier atributo (" +"excepto aquellos en los que los esquemas LDAP mismos niegan cambios), como " +"`uidNumber`. Para cerrar este agujero, modifica lo anterior a" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:635 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Read-only Attributes" +msgstr "Atributos de Solo Lectura" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:649 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"access to attrs=homeDirectory,uidNumber,gidNumber\n" +" by * read\n" +msgstr "" +"access to attrs=homeDirectory,uidNumber,gidNumber\n" +" by * read\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:658 +msgid "This will stop users from being able to masquerade as other users." +msgstr "Esto evitará que los usuarios puedan hacerse pasar por otros usuarios." + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:660 +#, no-wrap +msgid "`root` Account Definition" +msgstr "Definición de la Cuenta `root`" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:665 +msgid "" +"Often the `root` or manager account for the LDAP service will be defined in " +"the configuration file. OpenLDAP supports this, for example, and it works, " +"but it can lead to trouble if [.filename]#slapd.conf# is compromised. It " +"may be better to use this only to bootstrap yourself into LDAP, and then " +"define a `root` account there." +msgstr "" +"Habitualmente la cuenta `root` o la cuenta del gestor para el servicio de " +"LDAP estará definida en el fichero de configuración. Por ejemplo, OpenLDAP " +"soporta esto y funciona, pero puede dar lugar a problemas si [." +"filename]#slapd.conf# se ve comprometido. Sería mejor usar esto sólo para " +"entrar en LDAP y después definir ahí una cuenta `root`." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:669 +msgid "" +"Even better is to define accounts that have limited permissions, and omit a " +"`root` account entirely. For example, users that can add or remove user " +"accounts are added to one group, but they cannot themselves change the " +"membership of this group. Such a security policy would help mitigate the " +"effects of a leaked password." +msgstr "" +"Es incluso mejor definir cuentas que tengan permisos limitados y omitir " +"completamente la cuenta `root`. Por ejemplo, los usuarios que pueden crear o " +"eliminar cuentas de usuario se añaden a un grupo, pero ellos mismos no " +"pueden cambiar la pertenencia a este grupo. Esta política de seguridad " +"ayudaría a mitigar los efectos de una contraseña que se haya podido filtrar." + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:671 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:677 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Creating a Management Group" +msgstr "Crear un Grupo de Mantenimiento" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:675 +msgid "" +"Say you want your IT department to be able to change home directories for " +"users, but you do not want all of them to be able to add or remove users. " +"The way to do this is to add a group for these admins:" +msgstr "" +"Supongamos que quieres que tu departamento de TI pueda cambiar los " +"directorios home de los usuarios, pero no quieres que todos puedan añadir o " +"eliminar usuarios. La forma de hacerlo es agregar un grupo para estos " +"administradores:" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:690 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"dn: cn=homemanagement,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"objectClass: top\n" +"objectClass: posixGroup\n" +"cn: homemanagement\n" +"gidNumber: 121 # required for posixGroup\n" +"memberUid: uid=tuser,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"memberUid: uid=user2,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" +msgstr "" +"dn: cn=homemanagement,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"objectClass: top\n" +"objectClass: posixGroup\n" +"cn: homemanagement\n" +"gidNumber: 121 # required for posixGroup\n" +"memberUid: uid=tuser,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" +"memberUid: uid=user2,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:695 +msgid "And then change the permissions attributes in [.filename]#slapd.conf#:" +msgstr "" +"Y luego cambia los atributos de los permisos en [.filename]#slapd.conf#:" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:697 +#, no-wrap +msgid "ACLs for a Home Directory Management Group" +msgstr "ACLs para el Grupo de Administración del Directorio Home" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:707 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"access to dn.subtree=\"ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\"\n" +" attr=homeDirectory\n" +" by dn=\"cn=homemanagement,dc=example,dc=org\"\n" +" dnattr=memberUid write\n" +msgstr "" +"access to dn.subtree=\"ou=people,dc=example,dc=org\"\n" +" attr=homeDirectory\n" +" by dn=\"cn=homemanagement,dc=example,dc=org\"\n" +" dnattr=memberUid write\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:712 +msgid "Now `tuser` and `user2` can change other users' home directories." +msgstr "" +"Ahora el usuario `tuser` y el `user2` pueden cambiar los directorios home " +"del otro." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:716 +msgid "" +"In this example we have given a subset of administrative power to certain " +"users without giving them power in other domains. The idea is that soon no " +"single user account has the power of a `root` account, but every power root " +"had is had by at least one user. The `root` account then becomes " +"unnecessary and can be removed." +msgstr "" +"En este ejemplo hemos concedido un subconjunto de poderes administrativos a " +"algunos usuarios sin darles poder en otros dominios. La idea es que pronto " +"ninguna cuenta de usuario tenga el poder de la cuenta de `root`, pero cada " +"poder que tenga root lo tiene como mínimo algún otro usuario. Entonces la " +"cuenta `root` se hace innecesaria y se puede eliminar." + +#. type: Title === +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:718 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Password Storage" +msgstr "Almacenamiento de Contraseña" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:722 +msgid "" +"By default OpenLDAP will store the value of the `userPassword` attribute as " +"it stores any other data: in the clear. Most of the time it is base 64 " +"encoded, which provides enough protection to keep an honest administrator " +"from knowing your password, but little else." +msgstr "" +"OpenLDAP almacenará por defecto el valor del atributo `userPssword` de la " +"misma forma que cualquier otro dato: en plano. La mayoría de las veces está " +"codificado en base 64 lo que proporciona suficiente protección para evitar " +"que un administrador honesto conozca tu contraseña, pero poco más." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:725 +msgid "" +"It is a good idea, then, to store passwords in a more secure format, such as " +"SSHA (salted SHA). This is done by whatever program you use to change " +"users' passwords." +msgstr "" +"Por lo tanto, es buena idea almacenar las contraseñas en un formato más " +"seguro, como SSHA (salted SHA). Esto lo hace cualquier programa que uses " +"para cambiar las contraseñas de los usuarios." + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:730 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Useful Aids" +msgstr "Consideraciones Útiles" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:733 +msgid "" +"There are a few other programs that might be useful, particularly if you " +"have many users and do not want to configure everything manually." +msgstr "" +"Hay otros programas que pueden ser útiles, especialmente si tienes muchos " +"usuarios y no quieres configurarlo todo manualmente." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:736 +msgid "" +"package:security/pam_mkhomedir[] is a PAM module that always succeeds; its " +"purpose is to create home directories for users which do not have them. If " +"you have dozens of client servers and hundreds of users, it is much easier " +"to use this and set up skeleton directories than to prepare every home " +"directory." +msgstr "" +"package:security/pam_mkhomedir[] es un módulo de PAM que siempre funciona; " +"su propósito es crear directorios home para los usuarios que no los tienen. " +"Si tienes docenas de servidores cliente y cientos de usuarios, es mucho más " +"fácil usarlo y configurar un directorio tipo plantilla para cada directorio " +"home." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:740 +msgid "" +"package:sysutils/cpu[] is a man:pw[8]-like utility that can be used to " +"manage users in the LDAP directory. You can call it directly, or wrap " +"scripts around it. It can handle both TLS (with the `-x` flag) and SSL " +"(directly)." +msgstr "" +"package:sysutils/cpu[] es una utilidad tipo man:pw[8] que se puede usar para " +"gestionar usuarios en el directorio LDAP. Puedes llamarlo directamente o " +"envolverlo en un script. Puede gestionar tanto TLS (con el flag `-x`) como " +"SSL (directamente)." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:744 +msgid "" +"package:sysutils/ldapvi[] is a great utility for editing LDAP values in an " +"LDIF-like syntax. The directory (or subsection of the directory) is " +"presented in the editor chosen by the `EDITOR` environment variable. This " +"makes it easy to enable large-scale changes in the directory without having " +"to write a custom tool." +msgstr "" +"package:sysutils/ldapvi[] es una utilidad de gran ayuda para editar valores " +"LDAP en una sintaxis similar a LDIF. El directorio (o subsección del " +"directorio) se muestra en el editor elegido por la variable de entorno " +"`EDITOR`. Esto facilita la realización de cambios de directorio a gran " +"escala sin escribir una herramienta personalizada." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:747 +msgid "" +"package:security/openssh-portable[] has the ability to contact an LDAP " +"server to verify SSH keys. This is extremely nice if you have many servers " +"and do not want to copy your public keys across all of them." +msgstr "" +"package:security/openssh-portable[] tienen la capacidad de contactar con un " +"servidor LDAP para verificar claves SSH. Esto es realmente útil si tienes " +"muchos servidores y no quieres copiar tus claves públicas a todos ellos." + +#. type: Title == +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:752 +#, no-wrap +msgid "OpenSSL Certificates for LDAP" +msgstr "Certificados OpenSSL para LDAP" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:756 +msgid "" +"If you are hosting two or more LDAP servers, you will probably not want to " +"use self-signed certificates, since each client will have to be configured " +"to work with each certificate. While this is possible, it is not nearly as " +"simple as creating your own certificate authority, and signing your servers' " +"certificates with that." +msgstr "" +"Si alojas dos o más servidores LDAP, probablemente no quieras utilizar " +"certificados autofirmados, ya que cada cliente deberá estar configurado para " +"funcionar con cada certificado. Si bien esto es posible, no es tan simple " +"como crear tu propia autoridad de certificación y firmar con ella los " +"certificados de tus servidores." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:758 +msgid "" +"The steps here are presented as they are with very little attempt at " +"explaining what is going on-further explanation can be found in man:" +"openssl[1] and its friends." +msgstr "" +"Los pasos se muestran aquí tal cual, sin ninguna intención de explicar lo " +"que hacen - se puede encontrar más información en man:openssl[1] y amigos." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:761 +msgid "" +"To create a certificate authority, we simply need a self-signed certificate " +"and key. The steps for this again are" +msgstr "" +"Para crear una autoridad de certificación, simplemente necesitamos un " +"certificado autofirmado y una clave. De nuevo, las instrucciones son" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:763 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Creating a Certificate" +msgstr "Crear un Certificado" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:772 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"% openssl genrsa -out root.key 1024\n" +"% openssl req -new -key root.key -out root.csr\n" +"% openssl x509 -req -days 1024 -in root.csr -signkey root.key -out root.crt\n" +msgstr "" +"% openssl genrsa -out root.key 1024\n" +"% openssl req -new -key root.key -out root.csr\n" +"% openssl x509 -req -days 1024 -in root.csr -signkey root.key -out root.crt\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:778 +msgid "" +"These will be your root CA key and certificate. You will probably want to " +"encrypt the key and store it in a cool, dry place; anyone with access to it " +"can masquerade as one of your LDAP servers." +msgstr "" +"Estos serán tu clave CA y certificado root. Probablemente quieras cifrar la " +"clave y almacenarla en un lugar freso y seco; cualquier persona con acceso a " +"ella puede hacerse pasar por uno de tus servidores LDAP." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:781 +msgid "" +"Next, using the first two steps above create a key [.filename]#ldap-server-" +"one.key# and certificate signing request [.filename]#ldap-server-one.csr#. " +"Once you sign the signing request with [.filename]#root.key#, you will be " +"able to use [.filename]#ldap-server-one.*# on your LDAP servers." +msgstr "" +"A continuación, utilizando los dos pasos anteriores, crea la clave [." +"filename]#ldap-server-one.key# y la solicitud de firma de certificado [." +"filename]#ldap-server-one.csr#. Una vez que firmes la solicitud con la clave " +"[.filename]#root.key#, podrás usar [.filename]#ldap-server-one.*# en tus " +"servidores LDAP." + +#. type: Plain text +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:785 +msgid "" +"Do not forget to use the fully qualified domain name for the \"common name\" " +"attribute when generating the certificate signing request; otherwise clients " +"will reject a connection with you, and it can be very tricky to diagnose." +msgstr "" +"No olvides utilizar un fully qualified domain name (nombre de dominio " +"completamente cualificado) para el atributo \"common name\" al generar la " +"solicitud de firma del certificado; de lo contrario, los clientes rechazarán " +"la conexión y esto puede ser muy difícil de diagnosticar." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:788 +msgid "To sign the key, use `-CA` and `-CAkey` instead of `-signkey`:" +msgstr "Para firmar la clave utiliza `-CA` y `_CAkey` en lugar de `-signkey`:" + +#. type: Block title +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:790 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Signing as a Certificate Authority" +msgstr "Firmar como Autoridad Certificadora" + +#. type: delimited block . 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:799 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"% openssl x509 -req -days 1024 \\\n" +"-in ldap-server-one.csr -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key \\\n" +"-out ldap-server-one.crt\n" +msgstr "" +"% openssl x509 -req -days 1024 \\\n" +"-in ldap-server-one.csr -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key \\\n" +"-out ldap-server-one.crt\n" + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:804 +msgid "" +"The resulting file will be the certificate that you can use on your LDAP " +"servers." +msgstr "" +"El archivo resultante será el certificado que puedes utilizar en sus " +"servidores LDAP." + +#. type: delimited block = 4 +#: documentation/content/en/articles/ldap-auth/_index.adoc:805 +msgid "" +"Finally, for clients to trust all your servers, distribute [.filename]#root." +"crt# (the __certificate__, not the key!) to each client, and specify it in " +"the `TLSCACertificateFile` directive in [.filename]#ldap.conf#." +msgstr "" +"Por último, para que los clientes confíen en todos tus servidores, " +"distribuye [.filename]#root.crt# (el __certificado__, ¡no la clave!) a cada " +"cliente y especifícalo en la directiva `TLSCACertificateFile` de [." +"filename]#ldap.conf#." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[] include::shared/" +#~ "{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists." +#~ "adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[]\n" +#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[]\n" +#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists.adoc[]\n" +#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]" |